TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map (TTK) is drawn up for one of the options for the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of work production projects, construction organization projects, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern tricks installation of air ducts

In the total scope of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems on industrial facilities- the most time-consuming is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the duct installation have to be performed at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially given the significant dimensions and a lot of parts of ventilation equipment. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include machines such as mobile cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, retractable self-propelled scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features ventilation systems, features of building structures, conditions for installing ventilation, the presence of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation provides for pre-assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

- install means of fastening by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

- outline the installation sites for mechanisms for lifting air duct assemblies and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, towers for work;

- they bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

- install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is trailed with inventory slings, and hemp rope braces are tied at the ends of the units.

Duct mounting assembly lift it to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding by a car lift or other mechanisms, then hang it from the previously installed fasteners. At the end of the installation, the air duct is connected by flanges to the previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such options design solutions laying of metal air ducts, as a laying under the ceiling of a building, on outer wall, overpass, in the inter-farm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near the columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), and also from the decisions incorporated in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts for ventilation, air conditioning and air heating should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing in projects technical solutions, providing maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the installation positions of round and rectangular section. These duct mounting positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. Axes of air ducts must be parallel to the planes of building structures.

2. The distance from the duct axis to the surfaces of building structures is calculated using the following formulas:

Where - maximum diameter air duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

Where - the maximum width of the duct to be laid, mm; - distance between the outer surface of the air duct and the wall (at least 50 mm), mm.

With a duct width of 100-400 mm 100 mm, with 400-800 mm 200 mm, with 800-1500 mm 400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to outer surface electrical wires are determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same elevation, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

Where and are the diameters of the air ducts, mm; and - dimensions of the sides of rectangular air ducts, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

7. When passing air ducts through building construction flanged and others detachable connections air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Separate parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air duct network using flanged and flangeless connections (bandages, strips, rails, socket and other connections).

Air ducts should be fastened in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 *. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

- no more than 4 m with round duct diameters or dimensions larger side rectangular air duct less than 400 mm;

- no more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection of circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. round section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular section with the dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be assigned as working documentation.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of the building should be assigned as a working draft.

The design of the connections of the air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts is reduced to the development of an axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation (air conditioning) system, picking lists for air duct parts and mass production lists (silencers, dampers, air distributors, umbrellas, deflectors, etc.), as well as drawings (sketches) non-standard parts. Listed technical documentation is called an assembly or assembly and procurement (MWP) project.

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. MZP is developed for each system.

The following initial data are required for the development of MP:

- working drawings of the OB grade of the mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AR grade, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

- albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

- overall and connecting dimensions equipment and standard parts;

- recommended mounting positions of assembly units of systems;

- regulatory and methodological materials on the procedure for the implementation and design of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

- using RF grade OB, draw an axonometric diagram of the system, divide the routes of the system air ducts into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

- choose the types of connection of parts between themselves and with other assembly units of the system;

- establish the places and types of fastenings of the air duct routes of the system;

- develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

- draw up documents required for MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. State standard or there are no other uniform standards for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list may differ in different regions and enterprises. The three items listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of the axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as input. The axonometric wiring diagram may be a copy of the RF circuit in configuration, or it may be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without being drawn to scale. This diagram is marked with fan levels, ceilings, rises, descents of air ducts, as well as the length of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts. Figure 1 shows for comparison the axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and the axonometric diagram from the working drawings and the wiring diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams ventilation systems:

a- scheme of the working drawing; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified details

The scheme is divided into parts (details). First, standard, typical and unified parts of the system are distinguished, the dimensions of which are known. Then, sketches of non-standard (non-standardized) parts are developed in axonometric projection, and the dimensions necessary for their manufacture are determined. Find the total length of straight sections of the network between standard, typical, shaped parts and other elements. Rectilinear total sections of air ducts are divided into individual sections (parts) of the recommended VSN 353-86 length. In this case, one of the individual sections of each straight duct line may differ from the recommended length. He's called died. The length of the sub-measure is usually specified locally, and therefore it is advisable to make one flange free for movement along the axis of the duct in case of a flange connection. The sections are assigned numbers, they are indicated by numbers in circles, for example (T), which means section number 1. Figure 2 shows a simplified fragment of the axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation system duct route. The fragment is used to illustrate a simplified picking list (Table 1.1).

Fig.2. Fragment of the wiring diagram of the air ducts:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - a straight section with an end grid; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - a straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - taps; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system, a one or multiple packing lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of enterprises fulfilling an order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of the sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and the weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the statement not in the order in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groupings of the same type:

- straight sections;

- straight sections with tie-ins;

- straight sections with gratings, nets, etc.;

- bends and half-bends;

- transitions;

- boxes.

The composition of groupings and their order in the statement in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of the air ducts and the total area by metal thickness, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, for metal thickness in m and kg) can be given; the number and list of connecting elements (bandages, flanges and connections on the bus - the number for each size); gratings and grids, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Picking list of air duct parts


N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m	Note

	straight section					Grid with slider 200x200 mm


	Straight section with mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with inset

Typical flow chart for installation and
mounting internal systems ventilation and
air conditioning with supply and exhaust
installations and equipment systems
refrigeration supply

Typical routing
(TTK)

Project code: 1012/40

Explanatory note

2012

1. GENERAL DATA

This technological map has been developed for the installation and installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems with air handling units and equipment for refrigeration systems in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings.

The technological map is compiled taking into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Air ducts made of sheet steel roofing with a diameter and larger side up to 2000 mm should be manufactured:

Spiral lock or straight seam on folds;

Spiral welded or straight seam welding.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side dimension of more than 2000 mm should be made panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on folds, with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm - on folds or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct link by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or gouging.

Seams on air ducts for any metal thickness and manufacturing method must be cut-off.

The end sections of the seam seams at the ends of the air ducts and in the air distribution openings of the metal-plastic air ducts must be fixed with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating that ensures operation in aggressive environments specified by the working documentation.

Seam seams must have the same width along the entire length and be evenly tightly upset.

Seam ducts, as well as cutting charts, should not have cruciform seam joints.

On straight sections of air ducts of rectangular cross section with a side section of more than 400 mm, stiffness in the form of bends (ribs) with a step of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (ribs) should be structurally implemented. With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external stiffening frames, with a step of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fixed by spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

Stiffening frames must be installed on metal-plastic air ducts using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, which ensures operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other on ridges, folds, welding, rivets.

Elements of fittings made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other on folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or with an admixture of explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts in a flangeless way (nipple / sleeve), bandage connection or on flanges;

for rectangular ducts: rail (large/small) or flanged. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fixing the tire on the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the medium being moved), spot welding, pitting through 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

Fastening of flanges on air ducts should be carried out by flanging with a persistent ridge, by welding, by spot welding, by rivets with a diameter of 4–5 mm or by self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the conveyed medium), placed through 200–250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) should be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the inner surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement enterprise in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be completed with parts for their connection and fastening means.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-branch sling

The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal elements ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units) should use two braces, for vertical ones (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of the autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts should be equipped.

The device of the on-site storage of air ducts must meet the following basic requirements:

Located close to driveways highways or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

be on minimum distance from the object of installation, if possible, in the area of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with the production of construction installation work;

Duct storage areas should be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° for venting. surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and, if necessary, have ditches;

Passages, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (in winter time- from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with the requirements of work safety and fire protection;

At the corners of an open warehouse, barrier poles should be installed, warning signs for drivers of vehicles and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the receiver of goods should be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current regulations and subject to the following requirements:

Rectangular air ducts must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round air ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

Each air duct during storage should be laid on wooden inventory linings;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages at least 1 m wide must be left between the stacks; every three stacks, driveways for vehicles 3 m wide should be arranged.

The movement of air ducts along the ceilings of multi-storey buildings is carried out using lifting and transport equipment or by manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Mounting

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012, SP 48.13330.2011, SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, standards and instructions from equipment manufacturers, as well as in accordance with fire safety requirements SP 7.13130.2009.

Installation must be carried out by industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied as a set in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out at the construction readiness of the object (grip) in the amount of:

For industrial buildings- the whole building with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 and part of the building with a volume of more than 5000 m 3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another scheme for organizing installation is possible, depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts

The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey, industrial, public and etc.).

As shaped parts of a complex geometric shape, as well as for joining ventilation equipment, air diffusers, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal-fabric, aluminum foil etc. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Organization charts working area when installing air ducts are given in fig. - .

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan mounting

Fans must be mounted in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Attaching the fan to supporting structures;

Checking the operation of the fan.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control should be carried out in accordance with operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems for design air flow rates, the following should be performed:

Check compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems with project documentation and requirements SP 73.13330.2012 ;

Testing fans when they are working in the network, checking the compliance with the actual specifications passport data, including: air consumption and full pressure, speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow and resistance of dust collecting devices;

Action check exhaust devices natural ventilation;

Testing and adjustment of the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local exhausts, for air exchange in rooms and determination of air leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for by the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - according to the air flow rate passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air overpressure (rarefaction) in the room is ensured;

Up to +8% - in terms of air consumption, removed through local exhausts and supplied through shower pipes.

For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Refrigeration system testing

Testing of water cooling systems should be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf / cm 2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of construction organization or attracted from outside, equipped technical means providing the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

The quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, from the development of the project to its implementation at the facility on the basis of PPR and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

At input control working documentation is checked for completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, it is checked external inspection their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the availability and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and elevations. Connection of air ducts to process equipment should be carried out after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed in such a way that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards drainage devices.

Gaskets between busbars or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or solid rubber 4-5 mm thick, polymeric mastic bundle (PMZH) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials move with a temperature of up to 343 K (70 ° C) .

To seal flangeless duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the "Guerlain" type - for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature of up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Buteprol type mastic, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When mounting bolts vertically, the nuts should normally be on the underside of the connection.

Air ducts should be fixed in accordance with the working documentation.

Fixings for horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a shroud wafer connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round section with diameter up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection of a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

The distances between the fasteners of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional dimensions, as well as uninsulated air ducts of circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm, should be assigned by the working documentation.

The nipple (coupling) should be fastened with rivets 4-5 mm in diameter or self-tapping screws 4-5 mm in diameter every 150-200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

Clamps should tightly cover metal air ducts.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of the building should be determined by the working documentation.

Fastening of stretch marks and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical must not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Ducts must be supported so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, should be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, tightness and durability.

Vibration-isolating flexible connectors should be installed immediately before individual tests.

In the manufacture of straight sections of air ducts from a polymer film, air duct bends of no more than 15 ° are allowed.

To pass through the building envelope, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings must be 10% larger than the diameter of the duct. Steel rings should be fastened with a wire or plate with a cutout to a carrier cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and fixed to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To exclude longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Map operational control installation of metal ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fasteners, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette I= 10 m Cord Plumb M = 200 g	Permanent 100%
Drilling holes in building structures	drilling depth	steel meter	Permanent 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly into enlarged units of parts of air ducts, control and air distribution devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the project. Tightness of connections		Visually. Permanent 100%
Rise to the design level and interconnection of enlarged air duct assemblies with preliminary fixing	The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures. Verticality of risers. Absence of kinks, curvature in straight sections of air ducts	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually Permanent 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fixing	Horizontal installation of air ducts and observance of slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. Density of coverage of the duct by clamps. Reliability and appearance mounts	Metal meter, tape measureI= 10 m, level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Output 100%. Visually

3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base, installed on foundations, must be fixed with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform draft. Vibration isolators do not need to be fixed to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. Elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must match the corresponding frame elements of the fan unit.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit snugly against the soundproofing pads.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the impeller diameter.

Shafts radial fans must be installed horizontally (shafts roof fans- vertically), vertical walls of casings centrifugal fans should not have distortions and inclinations.

Gaskets for composite fan shrouds should be of the same material as the duct gaskets for this system.

The motors must be accurately aligned with the fans installed and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans with a belt drive must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must match. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

Motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact over the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The suction opening of the fan, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected metal mesh with a cell size of not more than 70 × 70 mm.

Table 2. Card of operational control of installation of centrifugal fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components		Constant 100%.
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal foundation, frames	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Installation of fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Pulley verticality, shaft horizontality	plumb line M= 200 g	Permanent 100%
Assembly of fans on the frame: installation of the fan frame installation of the lower part of the fan casing installation of the turbine with its frame fastened to the frame installation of the inlet pipe	Fastening strength. Gap between the edge of the front disc of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength	Ruler	Visually. Permanent 100%
Installation of the upper part of the casing and connection on the flanges of the individual parts of the fan casing	Connection tightness		Visually. Permanent 100%
Adjustment and final mounting of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniformity of settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of fastening of vibration isolators to the frame		Visually. Permanent 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct position of the turbine wheel		Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand (when scrolling, the risks should not coincide)
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled	Parallelism of the sled. The strength of the fastening of the electric motor to the sled. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and motor shafts. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled		Cord
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt guard	The alignment of the grooves for the V-belts of the fan pulleys and the electric motor. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Permanent 100%
Connection of air ducts to the fan with installation of flexible connectors	Tightness of connections. No sag in flexible connectors		Visually. Permanent 100%

Table 3. Installation operational control chart axial fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	quality (lack of mechanical damage), completeness		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installing the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. vertical, horizontal	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually. Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller	Ruler	Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of a fan complete with an electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (lack of mechanical damage)		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the levelness of the bowl support flange	Horizontal	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Connecting the self-opening damper to the fan	Ease of valve movement		Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested
Installing the fan housing on the glass with its fastening with anchor bolts	The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	plumb line M= 200 g	Constant 100%. Visual Test by hand
		Ruler	Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation		Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner air heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material, with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners should be assembled on gaskets made of tape rubber 3-4 mm thick, supplied with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions and inclinations.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the "Closed" position, the tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other should be ensured.

The supports of the chamber blocks and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not allowed.

Mounting fan coil units, closers, split systems should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

Installation of ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements for safety, sanitation and occupational health established by building codes and rules on labor safety in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the heads of organizations are required to provide training and briefing on labor safety at the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent climbing work in accordance with the List of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age, persons (workers and engineering and technical workers) not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having at least one year of experience in climbing work and a tariff category of at least three.

Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instructions and knowledge of the rules for safe work with registration in a special magazine and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to work at heights.

Persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, trained in the rules for using the tool, labor safety and having an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with an electrified tool, and for connecting and disconnecting electric points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each copy of the tool must have an account number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repair of electrified tools is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of a construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (the absence of a short circuit to the case, the insulation of the supply wires and handles, the condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle.

Responsibility for the proper organization of safe work at the facility rests with the work foreman and foreman.

The admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication, to the territory of the construction site, to production, sanitary and amenity premises and to workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out on the basis of a work permit for the performance of work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a project for the production of works, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of these documents, installation work is prohibited.

The installation procedure determined by the project for the production of works must be such that the previous operation completely excludes the possibility of an industrial hazard when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and equipment parts of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There must be no people under the mounted elements. It is impossible to fix a suspended air duct or a block of air ducts to trusses, ceilings and other building structures in places not provided for by the project for the production of works.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

The alignment of the flange holes when connecting the air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the connected flanges with your fingers.

Hemp rope braces should be used to prevent swinging or twisting of the lifted duct units.

Work on the installation of ventilation ducts is allowed to be carried out only with a serviceable tool. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, have no beveled edges and no burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten the nuts with a wrench of large (compared to the head) sizes with a lining of metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and also extend the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night should be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures on workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs should be installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fasteners, for which the duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

The operation of construction machines (lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of manufacturers. The operation of lifting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation lifting cranes".

Places for performing electric welding with an open arc must be fenced with fireproof screens, shields, etc.

In the production of electric welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work during rain or snowfall should be stopped.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding, a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard should be installed under the welding site in places where people pass.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, and also, regardless of the slope, on roofs that are wet and covered with hoarfrost or snow, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with transverse strips for foot rest; ladders during work must be fixed.

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Lifting loads manually should be in exceptional cases, observing the norms established by the current documents.

Containers should be used when loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts. During the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, workers should not be on it or inside it, as well as on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of goods should be carried out in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation blanks, equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger during the performance of work, passageways are not constrained and it would be possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. Need to follow up correct placement equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m 2 of the floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks with a height of no more than 2.5 m on gaskets and linings. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on linings.

Storage area for blanks and ventilation equipment construction site must be fenced and located in the area of the operating crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water runoff, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paintwork and other materials may be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift needs. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and driveways should be provided, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and handling facilities serving the warehouse or site.

Leaders assembly organizations are obliged to provide workers, engineering and technical workers and employees with overalls, special footwear and other means personal protection in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineering and technical workers without protective helmets and other necessary funds personal protective equipment is not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

When working at heights, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees who receive personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict observance of labor safety requirements in accordance with:

No. p / p	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials	Brand	Unit rev.	Quantity
	Paint spray gun with a capacity of 600 m 3 / h	SO-72	PCS.
	Compressor with a capacity of 20 - 30 m 3 / h	SO-7A
	Wrenches with an open end, double-sided		kit
	Files flat square, trihedral, round, semicircular with a notch No. 1, 2, 3
	Steel metalwork hammer		PCS.
	Bench chisel
	Screwdriver for metalwork and installation (set)		kit
	Combination pliers 3 E 1
	Shield of the welder
	Mounting and traction mechanism	MTM-1.6
	Rack jack	DR-3.2
	drilling machine	IE-1035
	Grinder electric	Sh-178-1
	electric wrench	IE-3115B
	Electric screwdriver	IE-3602-A
	Electric perforator	IE-4712
	Electric scissors	IE-5502
	Mounting device for moving goods	PMPG-1
	Manual winch	STD 999/1
	Jack hydraulic	DGS-6.3
	Riveting gun	STD 96/1
	Safety climbing device	PVU-2
4 digits
Ventilation system installer:
4 digits
3 digits
2 digits

As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts with a size of 800 × 800 mm with an area of 100 m 2 using a manual winch.

The cost of labor and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts was calculated according to the "Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work" (shown in Table 7)

Unit of measure 100 m 2 ventilation ducts.

Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time

No. p / p	Justification (ENiR and other norms)	Name technological processes	Unit rev.	Scope of work	Norm of time		labor costs
No. p / p	Justification (ENiR and other norms)	Name technological processes	Unit rev.	Scope of work	workers, man-hours		workers, man-hours	machinist, man-h. (work of machines, mach.-h.)
	E9-1-46 No. 1a	Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures	100 holes
	E1-2 Tab. 3 No. 1ab	Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts	100 t	0,0083		1,8 (1,8)	0,034	0,034 (0,034)
	E10-5 Tab. 12 No. 4v	Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, installation of fasteners, lifting and installation of blocks, connection of an installed block with a previously mounted one, alignment and final fixing of the system	1 m 2		0,62		62,0
	E10-13 Tab. 2g Applicable	Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts	PCS.		0,59		0,59
		TOTAL:					64,8	0,034 (0,034)

The duration of work for the installation of ventilation ducts is determined by the work schedule presented in the table.

Technical and economic indicators are.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map (TTK) is drawn up for one of the options for the production of work on the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of projects for the production of work, projects for the organization of construction, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern methods of installation of air ducts

In the total scope of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems at industrial facilities, the most time-consuming is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the duct installation have to be carried out at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially if you take into account the significant overall dimensions and weight of parts of ventilation equipment. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include machines such as mobile cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, self-propelled retractable scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, and the availability of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation provides for pre-assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

Mounting means are installed by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

They outline the installation sites for mechanisms for lifting air duct assemblies and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, towers for work;

They bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

Install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is trailed with inventory slings, and hemp rope braces are tied at the ends of the units.

Duct mounting assembly lift it to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding by a car lift or other mechanisms, then hang it from the previously installed fixtures. At the end of the installation, the air duct is connected by flanges to the previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such options for design solutions for laying metal air ducts, such as laying under the floor of the building, on the outer wall, overpass, in the inter-farm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near the columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), and also from the decisions incorporated in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing for technical solutions in the projects that ensure the maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the mounting positions of round and rectangular air ducts developed by the Proektpromventilation State Design Institute. These duct mounting positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. Axes of air ducts must be parallel to the planes of building structures.

2. Distance DIV_ADBLOCK269">

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image003_209.gif" width="37" height="24 src="> - maximum diameter of the duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

For rectangular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image005_174.gif" width="33" height="24 src=">.gif" width="25" height="15 src=">. gif" width="25" height="15 src=">400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the electrical wires is determined by the formulas:

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image009_147.gif" width="117" height="24 src=">, mm.

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image004_198.gif" width="100" height="24 src=">, mm.

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same elevation, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image012_129.gif" width="155" height="24 src=">, mm;

where https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image013_125.gif" width="37" height="24 src="> - duct diameters, mm; and - dimensions of rectangular duct sides, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image004_198.gif" width="100" height="24 src=">.

7. When passing air ducts through building structures, flange and other detachable connections of air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Separate parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air duct network using flanged and flangeless connections (bandages, strips, rails, socket and other connections).

Air ducts should be fastened in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85*. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

Not more than 4 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

Not more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection of circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. round section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular section with the dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be assigned as working documentation.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of the building should be assigned as a working draft.

The design of the connections of the air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. MZP is developed for each system.

The following initial data are required for the development of MP:

Working drawings of the OV grade of mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AP grade, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

Albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

Overall and mounting dimensions of equipment and standard parts;

Regulatory and methodological materials on the order of implementation and registration of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

Using RF grade OB, an axonometric diagram of the system is drawn, the air duct routes of the system are divided into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

Choose the types of connection of parts with each other and with others assembly units systems;

Establish the places and types of fastenings of the ducts of the system;

Develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

Compile documents required for MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. There is no state standard or other uniform norms for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list in different regions and businesses may differ. The three items listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of the axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as initial data. The axonometric wiring diagram may be a copy of the RF circuit in configuration, or it may be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without being drawn to scale. This diagram is marked with fan levels, ceilings, rises, descents of air ducts, as well as the length of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts. Figure 1 shows for comparison the axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and the axonometric diagram from the working drawings and the wiring diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams of the ventilation system:

a- scheme of the working drawing; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified details

Fig.2. Fragment of the wiring diagram of the air ducts:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - a straight section with an end grid; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - a straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - taps; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system, a one or multiple packing lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of enterprises fulfilling an order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of the sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and the weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the statement not in the order in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groupings of the same type:

Straight sections;

Straight sections with insets;

Straight sections with gratings, meshes, etc.;

Bends and half-bends;

transitions;

Boxes.

The composition of groupings and their order in the statement in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of the air ducts and the total area by metal thickness, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, for metal thickness in m and kg) can be given; number and list connecting elements(bandages, flanges and connections on the tire - quantity for each size); gratings and grids, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Picking list of air duct parts


N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m	Note

	straight section						Grid with slider 200x200 mm


	Straight section with mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with inset

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution

higher professional education

Samara State Architectural and

construction university

Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation

Technological cards installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Guidelines

to course and diploma design

Approved by the editorial and publishing

university council

Samara 2011

UDC 697.912 (035.5)

Compiled by: Yu.I. Kasyanov, G.I. Titov, E.B. Filatov

Technological maps for the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems: guidelines to course and diploma design. - Samarsk. state arch.-build. un-t. - Samara, 2011. - 61 p.

These guidelines are intended for students of the 5th year of the day and the 6th year distance learning direction "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" specialty 27.01.09-65 "Heat and gas supply and ventilation" to complete the course project in the discipline "Organization of construction production" and the same section of the graduation project.

The guidelines were developed in accordance with the educational and methodological complex of the higher school and include general rules for conducting installation work, the composition and procedure for developing technological maps, as well as standard technological maps for the main processes of installing ventilation and air conditioning systems.

These guidelines cannot be completely

or partially reproduced, replicated (including photocopied)

and distributed without permission

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Editor

Technical editor

Corrector

Signed for print

Format 6084. Offset paper. The print is operational.

Uch.-ed. l. Conv. oven l. Circulation 100 copies. Order No.

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

443001 Samara, st. Molodogvardeyskaya, 194.

Printed in a printing house

architectural and construction

university, 2011

Rules for conducting installation and assembly work at the facility

The installation process can be divided into the following main stages:

development of installation drawings, projects for the production of works, technological maps;

preparation of production in the assembly organization;

execution of assembly units and parts at a procurement enterprise and acquisition of the necessary materials and equipment;

preparation of the construction site for the smooth and quick implementation of installation work;

production installation and assembly works on objects;

testing, adjustment and commissioning of installed systems and devices.

The execution of work in this sequence ensures the rhythm and economic efficiency of the assembly production. Preparation of production in the installation organization and preparation of the object itself for installation can and should be carried out in parallel and simultaneously.

Currently, installation of systems at facilities is carried out mainly from enlarged units coming from procurement enterprises. However, if blanks arrive at objects in the form individual elements, then the installation should begin with the assembly of these elements into enlarged nodes and blocks on the object itself. Modern equipment of assembly organizations with truck cranes, auto-hydraulic hoists, various drive and manual winches allows to operate assembly units of large mass.

Thus, there are four basic rules for organizing the installation of internal sanitary systems.

First rule - installation is carried out in three steps: pre-assembly, installation in the design position and connection of field joints, not counting the installation of fasteners by a specialized team.

Second rule - the order of execution of work must be carried out in a solid sequence, due to considerations of building technology.

Third rule - installation of pipelines, air ducts and equipment must be carried out on pre-installed means of fastening. Advance installation of brackets, hangers, clamps, etc. ensures that the slopes of the system elements provided for by the project are either strictly horizontal or vertical.

Fourth rule – maximum mechanization of all types of work. This leads to a reduction in the timing of installation and assembly work and a decrease in their labor intensity.

Most of the assembly operations are done by hand, so Special attention should be turned to the mechanization of auxiliary work. This group of works includes the delivery of blanks and equipment inside the facility or to the sites to the places of their final placement. In this case manufacturing process installation can be accelerated by the maximum combination of transport operations with the installation of equipment (especially heavy) in the design position, i.e. with rigging. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for complex mechanization of operations using several successively operating mechanisms (for example, vertical lifting - a truck crane, horizontal movement - trolleys or rollers in combination with winches, straightening - hoists or jacks).

To reduce labor costs in assembly work, small-scale mechanization tools should be widely used: electric wrenches, drilling machines, etc. These tools and devices are included in sets for assembly teams.

In addition, it should be emphasized that when organizing and carrying out the installation of various systems, including ventilation and air conditioning systems, work must be carried out safely. This implies the arrangement of good lighting for workplaces, the presence of fences if installation is carried out at a height, the use of serviceable tools, mechanisms, construction machines, which must correspond to the nature of the construction process being performed, as well as the use of individual means of ensuring labor safety.