SCHEMES OF INPUT AND OPERATIONAL QUALITY CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS
Part IV, issue 2
HEATING NETWORK
GEODETIC WORKS
GEODETIC WORKS DURING LAYING PIPELINES
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction.
SNiP 11-02-96. Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions.
SP 11-104-97 Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction.
GOST R 51872-2002 Executive geodetic documentation. Execution rules.
SNiP 3.01.03-84 Geodetic works in construction.
Manual for the production of geodetic works in construction (to SNiP 3.01.03-84).
Geodetic work during the laying of pipelines is mandatory integral part technologies for the production of works on laying pipelines (self-control, operational control and acceptance control).
Geodetic controls, along with mechanical ones, provide the possibility of laying pipelines in the design position (self-control), provide the ability to control the compliance of the position of pipelines and its elements with the design and regulatory requirements both during installation (operational control) and upon its completion (acceptance control by executive geodetic survey of the planned and altitude position of the laid pipeline).
Before starting work on laying the pipeline, it is necessary to check:
Availability of PPGR, technological map and SOCC or as part of the PPR of technological documentation for geodetic work during the laying of pipelines, containing methods for performing detailed layout work, a diagram of the location of signs, marks and landmarks, the procedure and scope of work performed;
Availability of an act of breakdown of the route; availability of an executive drawing based on the results of stakeout and fixing of connection and connection points of communications, pipeline rotation angles, wells, chambers, channels, tunnels, pipeline intersections with other networks;
Preservation of the signs of the external grid network of the pipeline and axial signs, the invariance of their position by repeated measurements of the network elements; restoration of lost signs;
Availability of certificates of examination of previously performed earthworks for the installation of trenches and pits, acts of acceptance of trenches and pits;
Availability of an executive drawing (scheme) based on the results of a geodetic check of the compliance of the planned and high-altitude position of trenches and pits with the design one; the presence on the drawing of confirmation by the customer of the correctness of the compilation and compliance of the executive drawing with nature;
Conducting training for workers in the organization of labor and methods for aligning pipes and other elements of the pipeline in plan and vertically.
Controlled Operations | Composition and means of control | Documentation |
Verify: Availability of PPGR, technological map and SOCC, or as part of the PPR of technological documentation for carrying out detailed layout work when laying pipelines engineering networks; | PPR, PPGR, technological map and SOCC |
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Availability of an as-built drawing based on the results of stakeout of the pipeline route; | executive drawing |
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Preservation and invariability of the position of the signs of the pipeline grid, axial signs and signs fixing in kind the axis of the route, the beginning and end of the route, wells; restoration of lost signs; | General work log |
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Availability of certificates of examination of previously completed earthworks and act of acceptance of trenches and pits; | Certificates of examination of hidden works |
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Availability of an executive drawing based on the results of a geodetic executive survey of completed trenches and pits with the permission of the customer to lay the pipeline. | executive drawing |
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Geodetic works during the laying of pipelines | To control: Compliance with the specified technology for the production of geodetic works when laying pipelines; Accuracy of marking works; | Journal of geodetic control |
Laying pipes, wells, chambers, canals, tunnels in the design position (deviations in plan and height from the marks provided for by the PPR using permanent and running sights, beacons, benchmarks, moorings, level, theodolite, laser devices). | Executive geodetic schemes |
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Verify: Compliance of the actual position of the pipeline and other structures with the requirements of the project and normative documents according to the results of instrumental geodetic survey; | executive drawing |
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Proper execution of the executive drawing based on the results of the executive survey and obtaining confirmation by the customer of the correctness of the drawing up of the executive drawing in kind. | ||
INPUT AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL is carried out by: foreman (foreman), surveyor - in the process of work ACCEPTANCE CONTROL IS PERFORMED BY: foreman (foreman), representatives of technical supervision of the customer and operating organizations KIP - level, theodolite, sights, wire, moorings, cast-off, slats, measuring tape, laser devices and etc. |
Geodetic work during the laying of pipelines is an integral part of technological process production of works. They must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.03-84, PPR, PPGR, schemes operational control quality and other technological documentation of the quality management system in force in the enterprise.
Prior to the commencement of work on laying pipelines, the position of the axis of the pipeline must be fixed.
The axis of the route is projected into the trench with a theodolite or a plumb line from a stretched wire between the pivot points of the axis or turning points.
Fixing the position of the axis of the route, especially wells, is allowed to be carried out using a cast-off, arranged on straight sections of the route at a distance of 40-50 m from one another, as well as at turning points. On cast-offs ( edged boards, attached horizontally to the pillars above the trench, or inventory engineering cast-offs) take out and fix the axles between which the string is stretched. From the string, the axis is transferred by plumb lines to the bottom of the trench.
The breakdown of the design slope of the trench bottom after finalizing the shortfalls and replenishing the busts and the breakdown of the bottom of the pits for sealing the joints of pipelines can be carried out using permanent (fixed) and running sights, geometric leveling, optical levels and laser slope fixers. Marks of permanent (fixed) sights attached to inventory scraps, or nailed to a wooden scrap, or installed on the edge of the trench, are taken out with a level, taking into account the design slope of the trench..jpg" height="17"> - the design slope of the trench, DIV_ADBLOCK866">
Breakdown of the height of the bottom of trenches, pits and pits and transfer of the axis of the pipeline using fixed and running sights
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1. Fixed cast-offs 2. Running sight 3. Fixed sights on the edge of the trench
When controlling by the method of geometric leveling along the axis, every 15-20 m, stakes are driven in, mixed from the axis at a convenient distance, they are leveled and the depth of the trench, calculated from the difference between the design mark and the mark of the peg, is signed on each. The depth of the trench is controlled by a rail with centimeter divisions, along which the clamp with the slider is mixed. The clamp is fixed at a mark equal to the depth of the trench from the top cut of the peg.
Automatic control of the trench depth can be performed using various slope sensors installed on the earth-moving machine (pendulum, electronic level, gyroscope) or using slope sensors installed parallel to the track axis separately from the earth-moving machine (string, laser light beam).
The breakdown of the well pit includes fixing the center of the well, installing a cast-off fixed at a distance of 0.6-0.7 m from the edge of the trench, and transferring marks and axes to the cast-off.
Laying pipes in height can be carried out:
During construction on a prepared base (by lighthouses) by level;
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The manual is intended for customers (developers), construction and installation organizations, state construction supervision specialists, as well as engineering and technical workers directly involved in the construction of buildings and structures.
- Replaces Schemes of operational quality control of construction, repair and construction and installation works
Introduction
Normative documents regulating the quality of construction and installation work, building materials, products and structures
Test methods and quality control of building materials, products and structures during construction and installation works
Part 1. Construction work
A. Earthworks
1. Development of recesses (trenches) for structures
2. Development of pits with excavators
3. Development of trenches for pipelines in non-rocky soils
4. Backlink
5. Vertical layout
6. The device of embankments
B. Construction of foundations
7. Installation of blocks of strip foundations
8. Installation of blocks of walls of the underground part of buildings
9. Installation of glass-type foundation blocks
10. Installation of pile foundations
11. The device of prefabricated grillages
12. The device of monolithic grillages
13. Device horizontal waterproofing cement mortar foundations
B. Concrete work
14. Installation of inventory formwork
15. Reinforcing work
16. Laying concrete mixtures
17. Installation of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete walls
18. Installation of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete columns
19. Installation of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete foundations
D. Stone work
20. Wall laying
21. Laying partitions
22. Pillar laying
D. Installation work
23. Installation of reinforced concrete columns of one-story buildings
24. Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns of multi-storey buildings
25. Installation of reinforced concrete crossbars, beams, trusses
26. Installation of floor slabs and coatings
27. Mounting flights of stairs and venues
28. Mounting balcony slabs and jumpers
29. Installation of outdoor wall panels frame buildings
30. Installation of panels, blocks bearing walls buildings
31. Installation of volumetric blocks of elevator shafts
32. Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete ventilation blocks
33. Installation of volumetric blocks
34. Installation of sanitary cabins
35. Installation of gypsum concrete partitions
36. Installation of asbestos-cement extrusion panels and plates
37. Installation of frame-sheathing partitions
38. Installation of walls from "Sandwich" type panels and sheet assembly
39. Welding field joints of reinforced concrete structures
40. Corrosion protection of steel embedded products
41. Sealing joints
42. Monolithic joints and seams
43. Garbage chute device
E. Roofing and insulation works
44. Preparation of foundations and underlying elements of insulation and roofing
45. Thermal insulation device from bulk materials
46. The device of thermal insulation from plates
47. Insulation device from roll materials
48. Insulation device from polymer and emulsion-bitumen compositions
49. Roofing from roll materials
50. Roofing from piece materials
51. Roofing from polymer and emulsion-bitumen compositions
52. Metal roofing
G. Carpentry
53. Installation of window blocks
54. Installation of door blocks
55. Arrangement of mezzanines, cabinets
H. Flooring
56. Preparation of soil bases for floors
57. Installation of a concrete underlayment, screeds
58. Floor soundproofing device
59. Installation of glued floor waterproofing
60. Device bituminous waterproofing gender
61. The device of monolithic coatings
62. Ceramic tile floors
63. Arrangement of mosaic floors
64. Installation of floors made of polymeric materials
65. Laying logs in floors on floor slabs
66. Laying logs on posts on a dirt base
67. Arrangement of plank floors
68. Arrangement of floors from piece parquet
69. Arrangement of floors from panel parquet
I. Finishing work
70. Plaster work(simple plaster)
71. Plaster work (improved plaster)
72. Plastering (high quality plaster)
73. Plastering works (coatings from sheets of dry gypsum plaster)
74. Painting works(coloring with water compositions)
75. Painting work (painting with anhydrous compounds)
76. Facing work
77. Wallpaper work
78. Glazing works (glazing of bindings)
79. Glass works (installation of glass blocks and glass panels)
80. Installation of glass profile fences
81. Finishing (facing) of walls with panels, sheets with factory finish
82. Installation suspended ceilings in building interiors
K. Landscaping
83. Drainage device
84. The device blind area of concrete and asphalt concrete
85. The device of sidewalks and paths from plates
86. Device of crushed stone base and asphalt concrete pavement
Part 2. Repair and construction work
1. Repair and strengthening of old foundations
2. Laying prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs floors during the reconstruction of brick buildings
3. Device monolithic sections in floors
4. Installation of floor slabs on metal beams
5. Gain brick pillars and piers
6. Installation of metal jumpers
7. Installation of stairs on metal stringers
8. Device truss system from wooden elements
9. Repair plaster
10. Repair of plaster facades of buildings
11. Painting of facades
12. Installing facade moldings
13. Installation of downpipes
Part 3. Installation work
1. The device of holes and furrows for laying pipelines
2. Installation of cast iron pressure pipelines
3. Installation of pressure pipelines from asbestos-cement pipes
4. Installation of pipelines for internal cold and hot water supply
5. Installation of reinforced concrete and concrete non-pressure pipelines
6. Installation of sewer pipelines from ceramic pipes
7. System installation internal sewerage and drain
8. Installation of water fittings
9. Bathtub and washbasin installation
10. Installation of sanitary appliances
11. Installation of the internal heating system
12. Installation of metal air ducts
13. Electric lighting device
14. Arrangement of round reinforced concrete wells
15. Installation of chambers of heating mains
16. Installation of impassable channels
17. Insulation of pipelines of heating mains
SCHEMES OF INPUT AND OPERATIONAL QUALITY CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS
Part IV, issue 2
HEATING NETWORK
TESTING AND FLUSHING OF HEAT NETWORKS PIPELINES
Technical requirements
SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction.
SNiP 3.05.03-85 Heating networks.
SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.
PB 10-573-03 Device rules and safe operation steam pipelines and hot water.
SP 41-105-2002 Design and construction of thermal networks of channelless laying from steel pipes with industrial thermal insulation made of polyurethane foam in a polyethylene sheath.
SP 41-106-2004 Design and installation of underground pipelines for heat supply and hot water supply from asbestos-cement pipes.
SP 41-107-2004 Design and installation of underground hot water pipelines from PE-S pipes with thermal insulation made of polyurethane foam in a polyethylene sheath.
General provisions
Testing and flushing (purging) of pipelines of heat networks should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the project, SNiP 3.05.03-85, SNiP 12-04-2002, PB 10-573-03, SP 41-105-2002, SP 41-106- 2004, SP 41-107-2004, PPR, technological maps, operational quality control schemes and other technological documentation approved in in due course and operating in the quality management system.
The safety of testing pipelines must be ensured on the basis of the implementation of the following decisions on labor protection contained in the organizational and technological documentation (POS, PPR, etc.):
Determination of the test program;
Safety measures when performing work in trenches, wells and at height;
special measures safety during pneumatic testing of pipelines.
Testing of pipelines should be carried out under the direct supervision of a specially designated person from among the specialists of the installation organization.
Before testing you must:
To the head of work to familiarize the personnel participating in the tests with the procedure for carrying out work and measures for their safe implementation;
Warn workers in adjacent areas about the time of testing;
Check instrumentation and plugs;
Enclose and mark the test area with appropriate signs;
Check the absence of foreign objects inside the pipelines;
Mark temporary plugs, hatches and flange connections with warning signs;
Establish posts at the rate of one post within the visibility of another, but at least every 200 m from each other, to warn of danger zone;
Determine the places and conditions for the safe stay of persons involved in the test;
Ensure the illumination of workplaces is at least 50 lux;
Determine the persons responsible for the implementation of safety measures provided for by the test program.
| Controlled Operations | Composition and means of control | Documentation |
| Preparatory work | Verify: Availability of PPR, technological maps, schemes of operational quality control (SOCC), testing program, implementation of labor safety measures; | PPR, technological maps, SOCC, test program |
| - completion and proper execution of previous work on laying pipelines, welding butt joints and correcting defects found, testing welded joints, waterproofing pipelines; | Certificates of examination of hidden works with executive documentation; Testing act |
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| - completion of work on the installation of equipment and instrumentation; | ||
| - installation of plugs at the ends of the tested pipelines and instead of compensators and sectional valves; | ||
| - readiness of the means of filling, pressure testing and emptying the pipeline, completion of the installation of temporary communications, installation of instruments and valves necessary for testing; | ||
| - availability of access to welded joints for their external examination during testing; Organization of duty at the border of the danger zone. | ||
| Testing and (purging) pipelines of heat networks | To control: Compliance with the specified production technology for testing pipelines for strength and tightness; | General and special work logs |
| - pressure drop during testing; | ||
| - the presence or absence of signs of rupture, leakage or fogging in welds, leakage in the base metal, flange joints, fittings, compensators and other elements of pipelines, signs of shear or deformation of pipelines and fixed supports; | ||
| - elimination of pipeline defects identified during testing, and compliance with the technology for re-testing pipelines. | ||
| Acceptance | Verify: Compliance of test parameters and its results with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents; | Act on the preliminary testing of the pipeline |
| - absence of defects in welds and joints; | ||
| - absence of signs of shear or deformation of pipelines and fixed supports; | ||
| - Proper execution of the act of conducting preliminary tests. | ||
| INPUT AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL is carried out by: foreman (master) - in the process of work ACCEPTANCE CONTROL IS PERFORMED BY: foreman (foreman), representatives of technical supervision of the customer and the operating organization KIP - spring pressure gauges of class not lower than 1.5 and other equipment. |
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Simultaneous hydraulic test several pipelines mounted on the same supporting structures or overpass is allowed if supporting structures or overpasses are designed for the corresponding loads (according to the PPR).
For the period of pneumatic testing of pipelines located in trenches, a danger zone must be established, the size of which is indicated in the table below.
| Pipe material | Test pressure, MPa | Pipeline diameter, mm | Distance from the edge of the trench and the ends of the pipelines to the border of the danger zone, m |
| Steel | 0,6-1,6 | up to 300 | 7,0 |
| 300-1000 | 10,0 |
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| St. 1000 | 20,0 |
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| Cast iron | 0,15 | up to 500 | 10,0 |
| 0,6 | up to 500 | 15,0 |
|
| 0,15 | St. 500 | 20,0 |
|
| 0,6 | St. 500 | 25,0 |
|
| asbestos cement | 0,15 | up to 500 | 15,0 |
| 0,6 | up to 500 | 20,0 |
|
| 0,15 | St. 500 | 20,0 |
|
| 0,6 | St. 500 | 25,0 |
When pipelines are located near residential or operated public or industrial buildings their pneumatic tests can be carried out provided that the window and door openings of these buildings located within the danger zone must be closed with protective fences (shields, gratings).
The boundaries of the danger zone must be marked with signal fences or safety signs.
The presence of persons in the danger zone during the period of air injection into the pipeline and while maintaining the pipeline under pressure during the strength test is not allowed.
It is not allowed to perform pneumatic tests of pipelines on overpasses, in channels and trays where existing pipelines are laid.
Work order
It is allowed to start the test only after the timely warning of the surrounding persons and obtaining the permission of the test manager.
During pneumatic testing of pipelines safety valves must be adjusted to the appropriate pressure.
Connection and disconnection of the lines supplying air from the compressor to the pipeline under test is allowed only after the air supply is stopped and the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure.
Tapping of welds directly during testing of pipelines is not allowed.
Inspection of pipelines is allowed only after pressure reduction, MPa:
up to 0.3 - in steel and plastic pipelines;
up to 0.1 - in cast iron and asbestos-cement pipelines.
Defects in pipelines should be eliminated after the pressure is reduced to atmospheric.
When purging pipelines after testing, protective barriers (screens) must be installed in front of open hatches and fittings.
Requirements SNiP 3.05.03-85
After completion of construction and installation works, pipelines of heat networks must be subjected to final (acceptance) tests for strength and tightness. In addition, condensate pipelines and pipelines of water heating networks must be washed, steam pipelines - purged with steam, and pipelines of water heating networks open system heating and hot water supply networks - washed and disinfected.
Pipelines of heat networks laid without channels and in impassable channels are also subject to preliminary tests for strength and tightness in the course of construction and installation works.
Preliminary testing of pipelines should be carried out before installing stuffing box (bellows) compensators, sectional valves, closing channels and backfilling pipelines without channel laying and channels.
Preliminary testing of pipelines for strength and tightness should be carried out, as a rule, in a hydraulic way.
At negative temperatures outside air and the impossibility of heating water, as well as in the absence of water, it is allowed, in accordance with the PPR, to perform preliminary tests in a pneumatic way.
It is not allowed to perform pneumatic tests of pipelines laid in the same channel (section) or in the same trench with the existing engineering communications.
Pipelines of water heating networks should be tested with a pressure equal to 1.25 working pressure, but not less than 1.6 MPa (16 kgf / cm), steam pipelines, condensate pipelines and hot water supply networks - with a pressure equal to 1.25 working pressure, unless other requirements are justified by the project (working draft).
Before performing tests for strength and tightness, it is necessary:
Perform quality control of welded joints of pipelines and correction of detected defects;
Disconnect the tested pipelines with plugs from the existing ones and from the first stop valves installed in the building (structure);
Install plugs at the ends of the tested pipelines and instead of stuffing box (bellows) compensators, sectional valves - during preliminary tests;
Provide access for the entire length of the tested pipelines for their external inspection and inspection of welds for the duration of the tests;
Fully open fittings and bypass lines.
The use of shut-off valves to disconnect the tested pipelines is not allowed.
Simultaneous preliminary tests of several pipelines for strength and tightness are allowed in cases justified by the PPR.
Pressure measurements when testing pipelines for strength and tightness should be carried out using two duly certified (one - control) spring pressure gauges of class at least 1.5 with a body diameter of at least 160 mm and a scale with a nominal pressure of 4/3 of the measured pressure.
Testing of pipelines for strength and tightness (density), their purging, flushing, disinfection must be carried out according to technological schemes(coordinated with operating organizations) regulating the technology and safety of work (including the boundaries of protected zones).
On the results of testing pipelines for strength and tightness, as well as on their flushing (purging), acts of the established form should be drawn up.
11.9.1 During the performance of production processes and operations, operational control is carried out in order to identify defects that may be hidden during the continuation of the process or operation, and to take measures to prevent and eliminate these defects.
11.9.2 By operational control, the person carrying out the construction checks:
Compliance with the sequence and composition of the technological operations performed by the technological and regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations;
Compliance with technological regimes established by technological maps and regulations;
Compliance of the quality indicators of the performance of operations and their results with the requirements of design and technological documentation, as well as regulatory documentation applicable to these technological operations.
11.9.2 During the construction process, an assessment of the work performed, the results of which affect safety, should be carried out. object, but in accordance with the accepted technology, they become unavailable for control after the start of the subsequent work, as well as the completed building structures and sections of engineering networks, the elimination of defects of which, identified by the control, is impossible without disassembly or damage to subsequent structures and sections of engineering networks. Representatives of the relevant bodies of state supervision, architectural supervision, as well as, if necessary, independent experts may participate in these control procedures. The performer of works not later than three working days notifies the other participants about the timing of the specified procedures.
11.9.3 The results of the acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in certificates of survey of hidden work ( Annex M ). The builder (customer) may require a re-examination after the elimination of the identified defects.
11.9.4 For the procedure for assessing the conformity of individual structures, tiers of structures (floors), the performer of the work must submit certificates of survey of all hidden works that are part of these structures, geodetic executive schemes, as well as test reports for structures in cases provided for by the design documentation and (or) building contract. The developer (customer) can perform verification of the reliability of the executive geodetic schemes submitted by the contractor. To this end, the performer of the work must keep, until the completion of the acceptance, the alignment axes and mounting landmarks fixed in kind.
The results of acceptance of individual structures should be documented in acts of acceptance of critical structures ( annex H ).
11.9.5 Tests of sections of engineering networks and installed engineering equipment are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents and are documented in acts of acceptance of critical structures (Appendix H).
11.9.6 If, as a result of phased acceptance, defects in works, structures, sections of engineering networks are detected, the relevant acts should be drawn up only after the identified defects have been eliminated.
In cases where subsequent work must begin after a break of more than 6 months from the moment the phased acceptance is completed, these procedures should be repeated before the resumption of work with the execution of the relevant acts.
11.9.7 Places for performing control operations, their frequency, performers, methods and measuring instruments, forms for recording results, decision-making procedures in case of detection of non-compliance with established requirements must comply with the requirements of design, technological and regulatory documentation.
11.9.8 The person carrying out the construction appoints by its administrative documents responsible executors for the performance of operational control, documentation of its results and elimination of defects identified by the control.
The results of operational control should be documented in special work logs.
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