Exhaust hoods are installed in many places, premises and institutions, primarily associated with certain household or culinary and food activities: in kitchens and kitchen workshops, in restaurants, cafes, canteens, in the country, in the garden, etc.
An exhaust hood is an important engineering structure that can be very useful even in domestic conditions, at home or in the country, and is not at all replaceable at catering establishments. Let's consider in more detail what it is and why it is needed.
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A ventilation umbrella or dome is a device whose main task is to ventilate the air space of various rooms and territories. Located above sources of high temperature, humidity and various odors, for example, over stoves and cooking surfaces, exhaust domes remove hot air with various unfavorable impurities from the working area, thus refreshing the atmosphere of the room.
The range of tasks of this ventilation device includes air purification from many substances that cause harm and discomfort, among them: steam, soot and soot, grease, dust, various odors and chemicals (acids, salts, alkalis).
Therefore, the scope of exhaust hoods is very wide. These structures are installed not only in kitchens, but also in chemical and food industries, laboratories and other similar establishments where there is an increased risk of air pollution.
Exhaust dome device
The base of the exhaust hood is a metal dome with a hole connected by an air duct to the ventilation system. Full functioning is ensured by special devices, such as:
- Grease filter. Serves for cleaning of air masses from particles of fats and oils.
- Sparkling mesh. It is necessary when working with sources of open fire.
- Lamps. Additional lighting with lamps built into the dome body.
- Pendants. Mounting elements that hold and distribute the weight of the unit.
- Turbines. They provide capture and promotion of the air flow through the filters to the air duct.
Exhaust hoods should be made of materials that have good corrosion resistance and comply with modern sanitary standards. Such material is "food grade stainless steel" - a special grade of stainless steel produced specifically for food industry equipment and characterized by increased resistance to aggressive chemical environments.
Many stainless steel ventilation domes are constructed using inverter argon arc welding to increase durability. Thanks to this method, the quality of welds, wear resistance of equipment and the life of the unit as a whole increase.
The exhaust hood device includes an air filter, which can have various functional additions: spark arresting nets, grease traps, labyrinth filters, etc. The installed filters are also subject to sanitary and hygienic standards and requirements. In addition, they, as a rule, have a very attractive appearance, and the design allows them to be removed for cleaning or replacement.
Varieties of umbrellas
All modern ventilation units are developed not only taking into account functional, technical and sanitary requirements, but also for design and aesthetic reasons. Of course, it is not easy to turn such a serious unit as an exhaust dome into a decor element, but this does not prevent it from fitting perfectly into almost any interior, especially in an industrial environment.
The appearance of the hood has some space for decoration. For example, the outer steel coating can be polished or mirrored, but it can also be matte. Strict forms, straight lines and shiny mirror surfaces not only look good in production shops, but also perfectly complement high-tech or minimalist interiors.
Exhaust hoods can be divided into two types: household (kitchen) and industrial (industrial). There is no fundamental difference between them, but there are some technical differences. For household modifications, for example, a kitchen umbrella, in comparison with industrial ones, the following features are characteristic:
- Smaller dimensions. Such units are designed for standard sizes of conventional stoves. The air turbine is much less powerful or absent altogether.
- More simple and compact grease filters (paper) are used.
These differences are not always clear-cut. For example, an island-type ventilation dome installed in a spacious kitchen in a private house may not differ at all from an industrial one. At the same time, air umbrellas for outdoor barbecues and barbecues, on the contrary, are extremely simplified devices, down to the primitive, representing a metal arch without any additional devices.
However, ventilation equipment located indoors must necessarily have a complete set of functional elements: a turbine, a grease trap, a spark arrester, etc. This also applies to such units as exhaust tables and cabinets, which are more related to the chemical industry than to the food industry. They are mainly installed in laboratories.
Design and installation features
According to the type of construction, exhaust hoods are wall-mounted and island. Wall models are mounted directly on the wall, directly above the work surface. Island ones have a more complex design, as they are attached to the ceiling and hang over the equipment located near the center of the room, away from the walls. The wall dome has one row of filters, and the island dome has two.
If the wall umbrella has a significant mass and dimensions, additional hangers, brackets and chains are used for auxiliary fixation of the device. To give the structure rigidity and stability, its shape is given a trapezoidal profile. This allows you to increase the maximum allowable area of the dome for hanging over large equipment.
Island-type ventilation units circulate air flows in a much larger volume than wall-mounted ones. Therefore, they are excellent not only for forced ventilation of air in the center, above objects remote from the walls, but also for ventilation of the entire volume of the room as a whole.
The quality and stability of the ventilation dome depends not only on the choice of its type and modification, but also on the correct installation of the unit above the working area. The fume hood must be suspended exactly above the location of active kitchen, industrial or laboratory appliances that pollute the air: stoves, deep fryers, braziers, burners, chemical containers, etc. It is necessary to ensure the coincidence of the centers of the umbrella and the active surface.
It is important that the dimensions of the exhaust unit slightly exceed the dimensions of the equipment below it.
For conventional kitchen appliances, a couple of centimeters of difference is sufficient, and for larger installations, standards require an increase in the size of the dome by 10 cm or more. The height of the suspension of the structure above the working surface should be from 70 to 110 cm.
Conclusion on the topic
Thus, we found out what it is, an exhaust hood, what its device and purpose are, and also figured out the types and modifications of dome structures and the intricacies of their installation. This data will help in the selection and purchase of equipment, its operation, maintenance and repair.
Reading 6 min.
An exhaust hood is a necessary element of rooms in which the air is exposed to pollution. First of all, these are any cuisines, including restaurants, and chemical production. And the higher the intensity of pollutants, the better the air purification should be.
What is it and how does it work
The design of umbrellas is quite simple. For example, a rectangular umbrella includes a main body, a fat collection tray and filters that perform a grease-catching function. The angle of inclination of the filters is 45°.
The ventilation hood for the chimney can also be equipped with additional elements: lamps, fans, connection ears, etc.
Device and principle of operation: hot air, which is formed above the thermal surfaces and has a lower density, rises up, is drawn into the hood and enters the pipe, where there are special grease labyrinth filters. Fats from polluted air masses condense and drain through special drain channels into the bath, and the purified air enters the duct, which has a round or rectangular shape, through which it is discharged to the street (in the recirculation mode, the purified air returns to the room).
What are umbrellas made of?
Umbrellas are made of stainless steel with a high nickel content, which guarantees their long service life and the necessary strength. There are hoods made of aluminum and glass.
Specifications
When choosing an umbrella for the kitchen, you need to familiarize yourself with its technical characteristics. First of all, we are talking about its overall dimensions. The material from which it is made, its thickness and the mass of the hood also matter.
All necessary characteristics, incl. the efficiency of air purification from aerosols are indicated in the passport.
Types of umbrellas
By type of construction, modular hoods are divided into island and wall-mounted. Their air purification efficiency is approximately the same, but there are still some differences. For example, island structures have 2 rows of filters, which increases their productivity. They are attached to the ceiling and can be installed above large equipment.
Wall hoods are mounted directly above the cooking surfaces placed on the wall. They have 1 row of grease filters.
Both island and wall models can have different geometric shapes in cross section.
For equipment where open fire is used, mangal umbrellas are produced that have complex shapes and are equipped with spark-extinguishing filters.
There is also an umbrella for the ventilation pipe, which has a mushroom shape and protects the pipe from precipitation.
Industrial
Exhaust and supply and exhaust ventilation hoods are widely used in industrial enterprises and catering points, where a large number of thermal equipment (ovens, electric and gas stoves, combi steamers, deep fryers) are installed.
Among the production facilities that need air purification, chemical and pharmacological laboratories can be distinguished. The task of industrial exhaust equipment is to effectively remove excess moisture, heat, harmful substances and odors and create an optimal microclimate in working rooms.
Most often, industrial hoods are equipped with additional fans and lighting.
household
Every self-respecting housewife prefers to have an extractor hood in the kitchen that purifies the air during cooking and minimizes pollution of the room (prevents droplets of oil, grease and soot from settling on the walls, floor, dishes and other surfaces). A variety of exhaust hoods allows you to choose the right model that will successfully fit into the interior of the room.
Types
To equip a cooking area with a reliable exhaust hood, you need to have an idea of what types of hoods are on sale. Manufacturers offer 3 types of hoods: flat suspended, domed and built-in. They differ not only in appearance, but also in technical characteristics and price range.
Embedded
The built-in umbrella is installed in the cabinet above the hob. This option is suitable for those rooms where it is necessary to maintain the overall design. Neither the umbrella itself nor the bulky ventilation pipe will be visible due to the hanging kitchen cabinet. Built-in hoods can operate in recirculation and exhaust mode.
Flat
This is the most budget option. The device is a flat case equipped with a fan and a replaceable filter. It works only in recirculation mode and is indispensable in rooms where it is difficult to mount the hood in ventilation ducts, or they are completely absent.
The disadvantages of the flat type include: low power, high noise level and frequent filter changes (every 5-6 months).
dome
Dome models are focused on 2 modes: air duct and recirculation. Their power is higher, which ensures their demand in large kitchens. The noise level they produce can be adjusted, and some hoods are equipped with a remote control and a system for monitoring the level of filter contamination. Dome umbrellas are available in various designs, colors and materials.
How to choose an umbrella
When choosing an umbrella, consider the dimensions of the equipment over which it will be installed. There is a rule that the hood should overlap the hob by at least 10 cm.
Standard hood widths are 50, 60, 70, 90 and 120 cm. Umbrellas of other sizes can be made to order.
The second point that you should pay attention to is the noise level of the exhaust equipment. The greater the power of the hood, the more noise it produces, and a noise level of up to 40 dB is considered acceptable for a person. Noise-absorbing devices that manufacturers equip some models help to cope with the problem.
Often hoods are equipped with lighting and act as a source of additional lighting for the kitchen.
If the hood is installed high, it needs a remote control. The price of this equipment will be higher, but the ease of use compensates for the financial costs.
When choosing an umbrella for a chimney pipe, the size of the pipe itself should be taken into account, because the head must overlap its edges. The umbrella itself can have any shape. It is also necessary to pay attention to the equipment with additional structural elements (dropper, fixing parts and protective mesh).
Do-it-yourself installation
Perform the correct installation of the hood according to the forces of the master owner. For do-it-yourself installation in the back wall of the wall umbrella, you need to drill 2-3 identical holes, first pull it with anchors through enlarged washer models, and then install it on the wall as close as possible to the air outlet channel for ventilation on the roof. The main thing is that the surface of the wall is smooth and durable.
A rectangular umbrella is attached to the ceiling with a collet and studs, under which 4 identical holes must be drilled along the edges of the umbrella in the upper horizontal plane. It should be borne in mind that with a ceiling height of more than 4 m, this technology cannot be applied.
Cables and chains are used for mounting hinged exhaust hoods. In this case, the height of the ceiling does not matter. First, 4 brackets are welded to the upper plane of the hood. Then, with the help of a carabiner, the chain (or cable) is fixed. Its other end is connected to the ceiling. All fasteners must be secure. The only "minus" of such hanging unfixed structures is the difficulty of tying them with air ducts.
The root of construction troubles is hidden in the details. Neglecting small details, the owner of private housing inflates the family budget inefficiently with repair costs. But if the owner treats the house as a whole organism in which everything is interconnected, his money does not fly out the pipe, and the costs are limited to scheduled maintenance. Improper installation of protective devices on the chimney provokes losses - both financial and human.
Installing an umbrella on the chimney helps to maintain the heating system in optimal mode, prevent premature aging of the chimney, and improve air circulation in the house.
Caps and caps on pipes are designed for the following purposes:
- close the ventilation duct, protecting it from rain, snow and dirt. The lack of protection can lead to the accumulation of a large amount of water in the chimney, which contributes to a decrease in draft and, accordingly, a drop in the efficiency of the heating system;
- protect the pipe material from damage, removing accumulated condensate due to the presence of special grooves;
- do not allow insects and birds to fall into the pipe, serve as an obstacle for leaves and branches from trees;
- perform a decorative function. They give the roof a complete look, especially if the design contains elements of artistic forging.
Note! Using an umbrella, you can solve one of the problems of dampness in a house or bath. If the pipe is open to all winds and rains, the moisture that has got into it penetrates into the premises. As a result, the walls and floors are affected by the fungus, an unpleasant smell appears in the air.
Some types of caps have a design that creates a rarefied environment in the upper part of the pipe. Due to this, an improvement in draft in the chimney is achieved, excess moisture, exhaust air and combustion products are removed faster.
It should be noted that the umbrellas of ventilation systems have a completely uncomplicated design. A rectangular chimney umbrella consists of a main body, a grease collection tray and filters that perform. Filters are always installed at an angle of exactly 45 degrees Celsius.
If we are talking about supply and exhaust hoods, then in this case it is imperative to use a grill or a device such as a diffuser.
In some cases, air duct umbrellas are also equipped with additional elements, such as connection ears, fans, lamps and many others.
1 The principle of operation of the ventilation hood
This device works as follows. The air that is processed to become hot has a much lower density, and therefore rises to the top, and it is replaced by cold air currents.
Then the air enters the pipe and passes through special grease filters, where it is saturated with a large amount of oil vapor, due to which it begins to cool over time.
In the end, passing through such a pipe due to strong temperature changes, the oil condenses, air flows begin to separate from it and allow the fat to drain into the bath through special channels.
In turn, the air, which after such a process is purified, enters the round or.
2 Device classification
Today, two types of rectangular umbrellas are used for the chimney:
- Hoods . Their main purpose is the complete elimination of unnecessary gases, substances, combustion products from the chimney. Heavily heated air streams are drawn in by an umbrella, after which they are transported through a pipe where grease filters are placed and are eventually transported back to the air duct, with the help of which they are removed from the building. All this can be easily done by hand.
- Supply and exhaust umbrellas . Thanks to them, both the exhaust of polluted air and the supply of new, clean air into the room are ensured. These umbrellas are best used in those rooms where, due to certain circumstances, the flow of clean air is limited. It is always necessary to carry out the calculation, taking into account the fact that the volumes of supplied and exhausted air flows will always differ from each other. Therefore, in no case should you rely on the fact that exhaust hoods will contribute to the complete destruction of odors, gases and other substances. Although the chimney, of course, will work much more efficiently.
There is also a classification according to the type of construction. So, exhaust and supply-exhaust rectangular and round umbrellas are divided into island and wall.
2.1 Do-it-yourself installation and calculation features
I would like to note that installing such umbrellas with your own hands is quite real, since in fact there is nothing complicated in such work. Below are some of the most popular ways to install a chimney umbrella.
- Method number 1. Installation of wall exhaust hoods using anchors. After a certain calculation, the length of the umbrella is selected and 2 or 3 equal holes are drilled in the back of the wall. Using enlarged models of washers, the exhaust hood is first attracted, and then installed on the wall. It is very important that the wall is perfectly flat.
- Do-it-yourself installation of rectangular umbrellas through collets and studs to the ceiling. At the very beginning, it is necessary to drill 4 identical holes for the studs. All these holes are drilled strictly along the edges of the umbrella, after which the device is attached directly to the ceiling. A modern chimney works perfectly if this option is used. The only negative, the calculation of the ceiling height to the standard length of the stud, does not allow the use of this technology if the height of the room is more than 4 meters.
- Installation of exhaust hoods for the chimney using various cables and chains through anchors and brackets to the ceiling. In order to do everything with your own hands, you need to weld 4 brackets of the required parameters to the upper horizontal part of the umbrella, after which, using a carabiner, securely fix the chain or cable. The second end of such a chain or cable must also be securely connected to the ceiling. Among the disadvantages of this method, one can note the precariousness of the structure, so it is not at all easy to tie it with air ducts, but such a scheme is perfect for a chimney.
As you can see, it is not at all difficult to do the installation yourself. The main thing is to adjust the umbrella as close as possible to the chimney pipe and take into account some of the nuances.
Application area
Supply and exhaust and exhaust hoods of ventilation systems are widely used today by industrial enterprises and not only. Such systems are widely used in public catering establishments, such as restaurants, canteens, bars, food processing plants, cafes and so on.
Also, the installation of umbrellas is carried out over all kinds of devices of thermal equipment, in particular, this applies to deep fryers, gas stoves, and ovens. If the calculation allows you to install such umbrellas, then they are also used in various industrial premises - food, pharmacological, physical, chemical.
2.2 It looks like a ventilation rectangular umbrella - video
In rooms where a lot of steam, fat and combustion by-products are emitted into the air mass (and this is most often kitchens), it is necessary to clean the air in a timely manner. To completely absorb the harmful fumes that pollute the air mass, exhaust hoods are installed over the sources of unpleasant emissions.
These devices perform the function of timely air purification in catering establishments, in kitchens, canteens, restaurants and supermarkets, in the premises of chemical plants
Internal organization
An exhaust kitchen hood is a cap-shaped metal box that is connected through an air duct to the ventilation system. But its functionality is significantly increased if its design includes a grease filter that cleans the air mass from oily contaminants and fatty impurities. Most often, an exhaust hood is sold without a fan. Positive responses are models with a spark arresting grate designed for installation above an open flame.
The exhaust hood removes heated exhaust air and pollution from the room, but does not provide a sufficient amount of fresh air mass. Therefore, the design is recommended to be installed only where fresh air is supplied regardless of the device. It is necessary to correctly calculate so that the volumes of exhaust and supply air are the same, only then comfortable conditions will be provided in the room.
There are also supply and exhaust hoods on sale, which not only remove the exhaust air, but also pump in new one. Hot air has a low density and rises to the top, and a cold air mass comes to replace it.
The material from which these devices are made is stainless food steel, so when hot air mass gets on the inner walls of the case, oxidation does not occur. Advantages of stainless steel:
- resistance to corrosion processes;
- durability;
- fire resistance;
- ease of care;
- resistance to moisture and steam.
The seams of the case are treated with argon welding, therefore they are distinguished by increased strength. The main element of the metal structure is the grease trap.
The exhaust hood on the duct consists of two parts:
The principle of operation is simple. Air mass with particles of fat, soot and soot enters the filter device. Here, the air hits the internal lintels of the filters with force and is cleaned (during the impact, the by-products of combustion and the air mass itself breaks into pieces).
After air purification, fatty compounds in liquid form slowly settle and move through the drain channel to the receiving tank, which is located at the bottom of the device. After completion of work, this container is emptied and thoroughly washed with an anti-grease agent. In order to wash the glass faster next time, 4-5 drops of detergent are poured into it in advance. For ease of use, the filters and tank plugs are removable and can be easily removed, cleaned and reinstalled.
Hood classification
Depending on the scope of application, exhaust hoods are divided into two types:
- household.
These are two separate concepts, but the difference between their internal structure is small. Industrial exhaust hoods, in comparison with household appliances, have the following features:
- large dimensions;
- high fan performance;
- use of other types of grease filters.
In household models, the dimensions are adjusted to the dimensions of gas and electric stoves used in houses and apartments. True, there is practically no difference between an exhaust device operating in the kitchen of a huge country house and an industrial model.
Depending on the location, exhaust hoods are:
- Wall-mounted - simple devices that are attached directly to the load-bearing wall above the heating appliances. Filters inside such models are arranged in one line.
- Island - these structures are attached directly to the ceiling on studs or chains above the equipment in the middle of the room. Such models have two rows of filtering devices.
There are also outdoor models for barbecues and barbecues, which are empty inside the dome without additional elements.
They capture smoke, heated air and fatty impurities. The principle of their operation differs from the devices; they function thanks to the transition umbrellas, which have the shape of a cone. It is more difficult to make preliminary calculations for their competent installation, but they can be safely used over an open flame. But devices used indoors are more often equipped with a fan, purifiers, and a grill. There are also complex designs called an exhaust table, but they are not used in everyday life and in food enterprises, as they are intended for chemical laboratories.
Characteristics of exhaust hoods
Exhaust hoods for the kitchen are used everywhere, as these devices are easy to maintain and operate. The main thing is not to forget to clean the storage tank from oily contaminants in a timely manner. Compliance with the rules of use and safety measures when working with such equipment is not difficult.
Stainless steel exhaust hoods are manufactured in strict accordance with the current standards and regulations for the production of food industry equipment. The manufacture of exhaust hoods from high-quality materials is the key to their successful and safe operation in the future. Therefore, the use of this ventilation equipment is safe both for people in the room and for the atmosphere. During operation, no harmful substances are emitted.
The choice of exhaust equipment is wide. On sale there are exhaust hoods for the kitchen of any color, configuration and size.
The device is selected in accordance with the style of the interior
If the presented models do not meet the client's requirements, it is possible to manufacture ventilation umbrellas to order. Many companies offer the opportunity to arrange an individual production of a ventilation structure to order according to the developed drawings.
It is important to correctly select a device with the desired performance. If the device will not cope well with its functions, then there is no point in installing it at all. If the device works to the maximum, then it will fail faster, and the cost of electricity will be significant. Power is the most important characteristic of the device. For high-quality air purification in an ordinary kitchen, a device with a capacity of 500-650 m3 / h is enough. For public catering enterprises, industrial devices with a capacity of up to 1800-1900m3 / h are suitable.
Since in many enterprises there is a problem of oily impurities settling on the surfaces of devices, exhaust hoods with grease filters are well-deservedly popular. An exhaust hood with a grease trap works according to the following principle: the polluted air mass enters on its own or with the help of a fan, where the grease settles and drains from the tank, while clean air enters the duct. Grease filters are different:
- cassette,
- from paper.
The control system can be different: push-button, electronic, touch. Push-button control is understandable for people of all ages, but it causes a lot of inconvenience when cleaning (dust, dirt and grease collect near the buttons, which is difficult to clean). Touchpads are more practical, but not as easy to understand for older people. It is easy to take care of the electronic panel: it is enough to regularly wipe its surface with a soft sponge.
Installation of exhaust hoods
There are traditional ways to install ventilation umbrellas:
- With anchors. This method is considered the simplest. But the main condition is that the wall must be load-bearing, even and durable (stone or brickwork). Based on the length of the device, the number of holes (2 or 3) is calculated. Carefully and symmetrically place marks for drilling on the rear vertical wall of the umbrella. Holes are drilled through which the umbrella is attracted to the wall with anchors. If the reach has a length of more than 100 cm, then the device is additionally attached to the ceiling.
- With the help of pins. 4 holes are drilled along the four edges of the apparatus at the top (ears for studs are welded). Studs are pre-fixed on the ceiling. Everything is simple, but one condition must be observed - the height of the room should not exceed 4.3 meters.
- On ropes and chains. In this way, you can fix the exhaust hood at any height. 4 brackets are welded in the upper plane of the device. Cables or chains are fixed to the ceiling and secured through a carabiner to the apparatus. The only disadvantage of this design is unsteadiness, which creates additional inconvenience when tying with air ducts.
- Special support frames. Depending on the size of the umbrella, a support frame is made of a stainless profile with four legs, which are securely attached to the floor through the plates. The device is installed on it. The design is rectangular or square, the height is set individually. Such designs look presentable and neat. Therefore, in rooms with high ceilings and with equipment located in the middle, this option is the most optimal.
Exhaust hoods are mounted not only over stoves and hobs, but also over other heat-generating devices (grill, oven or deep fryer)
When choosing exhaust hoods, take into account the dimensions of the stove or hob over which the device will be mounted.
The device (exhaust hood over the stove) should be at least 10-15 cm wider than the stove. Mounting height above the equipment is from 0.7 to 1.1 m.
The location of the exhaust hood in the kitchen is determined by the location of the stove. If the equipment is located near a wall, then it is advisable to install the exhaust device on the same surface.
Installing an exhaust hood with your own hands is not difficult for a person who is at least a little versed in construction, repair and tools. When installing, follow these instructions:
- Determine the location of the exhaust hood on the wall, taking into account all dimensions: 10 cm wider than the plate and 70-75 cm higher.
- Cover the kitchen set with a film or paper to facilitate cleaning after completion of work.
- Take a circular saw and cut an opening in the ceiling of the desired size for the duct.
- With a long drill in the center of the resulting opening, drill a hole (1 cm) - this will be the center of the duct.
- With a crayon or felt-tip pen, draw a circle on the outside of the roof, starting from the drilled hole.
- Carefully saw through the roofing and bottom skin.
- Place the hood fan in the hole sawn in the roof.
- Fix the branch pipe and flange, fill the voids formed at the joint with sealant.
- At the bottom, fix the branch pipe with the ventilation channel.
- Connect the fan motor to the outlet and run the cable inward to the kitchen through the ceiling.
- Take a flexible channel and connect it to the pipe. Check all connections for strength, wrap them with foil for tightness.
- Fix the brackets to the wall with screws and hang the umbrella on them.
- Connect the fan cable to the socket.
It is easy to install a household exhaust hood for the hood, and it is better to entrust the installation of overall models to the employees of a reliable company. The easiest way is to mount a kitchen hood without a fan. The main thing is to adjust the umbrella closer to the chimney pipe or air duct, then the polluted air will be easily expelled outside.
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