Question:“According to the current industrial safety requirements, is it possible to appoint specialists responsible for
for the safe performance of work with the use of PS (lifting structures) foremen?
Answer:“The Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety in force on the territory of the Russian Federation “Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures”, approved by Rostekhnadzor Order No. 533 dated November 12, 2013, registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on December 31, 2013. , reg. No. 30992 (hereinafter - FNP for PS) does not provide for the appointment of foremen as specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS (clause 23 "g" of the FNP for PS).
Question:“During the operation of lifting structures (cranes, hoists (towers), construction hoists, manipulator cranes) in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph “g” of paragraph 23 of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules for hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures ”, approved by the order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 12, 2013 No. 533, registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on December 31, 2013, reg. No. 30992 (hereinafter referred to as FNP for PS), an organization operating a hazardous production facility where lifting structures are used (hereinafter referred to as HIF with PS) are assigned:
a specialist responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation;
a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working order;
a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS.
Can an organization operating HIFs with PS engage employees of other organizations, including specialized ones, licensed by Rostekhnadzor for the right to conduct an industrial safety review, to perform the duties of these specialists?
Answer:“Clause 151 of the FRR on PS determines that the number of specialists of the operating organization should be determined by the operating organization’s administrative act, taking into account the requirements of subparagraph “g” of paragraph 23 of these FRR, as well as taking into account the number and actual operating conditions of the PS. According
with subparagraph "g" of paragraph 23, an organization (individual entrepreneur) operating a HIF with a substation (without repair, reconstruction or modernization by its own services) (hereinafter referred to as the operating organization) must comply with the requirements of the manuals (instructions) for the operation of the available substation and perform, incl. the following requirements:
Develop and approve by an administrative act of the operating organization instructions with job responsibilities, as well as a list of names of persons responsible for industrial safety in the organization from among its certified specialists:
a specialist responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation;
a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working order;
a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS (hereinafter referred to as the Specialists).
Based on the above, the appointment of Specialists from among the employees of third-party organizations is not allowed. However, FNP for PS
do not establish restrictions on the involvement of specialists working part-time (Article 282 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, these specialists bear full responsibility for compliance with the requirements established by the FNP for PS.
With the introduction of new rules to replace the already familiar ones (colloquially referred to as “crane rules”), a number of questions arose (in fact, similar to those under the previous rules) regarding the certification of employees and the appointment of employees responsible for certain areas of supervision and operation: “ Who and for what exactly is appointed responsible if there are lifting structures in the organization?», « How and for what it is necessary to certify responsible employees?», « Correct areas of approval for lifting structures?».
Paragraph 23 of the "Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures" directly indicates the need to appoint:
- a specialist responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation;
- a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working order;
- a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS.
The duties of the last two can be assigned to one employee (if the work is carried out within the same workshop or site).
The areas of certification of workers are determined in accordance with the order of Rostekhnadzor No. 233 dated April 6, 2012 (section B9 "Industrial safety requirements for lifting structures"). Please note that by order of Rostekhnadzor No. 403 dated September 03, 2014, this section was clarified and presented in a different edition.
Thus, the employee should be certified (in accordance with the rules of the order of Rostechnadzor No. 37 dated January 29, 2007, regarding the training and certification of workers at facilities supervised by Rostechnadzor), based on the activities of the enterprise, in the following directions ("letters"):
|
B.9.22. |
Certification of specialists of organizations for supervision of the safe operation of escalators in subways |
|
B.9.23. |
Certification of members of certification commissions of organizations operating escalators in subways |
|
B.9.27. |
Certification in the field of industrial safety of managers and specialists of the cable car |
|
B.9.28. |
Certification in the field of industrial safety of the chiefs of ropeways |
|
B.9.31. |
Operation of hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures designed to lift and move goods |
|
B.9.32. |
Operation of hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures designed to lift and transport people |
|
B.9.33. |
Installation, adjustment, repair, reconstruction or modernization of lifting structures during the operation of hazardous production facilities |
In accordance with paragraph 153 of Rostechnadzor Order No. 533 dated November 12, 2013, periodic testing of knowledge of job descriptions and rules for lifting structures of responsible specialists should be carried out in accordance with the administrative act of the operating organization and carried out by its commission. Please note that the list of regions does not contain a separate “attestation of members of attestation commissions” for lifting structures. Thus, there is no need to create a separate commission - it is possible to test knowledge in the same attestation commission, created in accordance with the requirements of Rostekhnadzor Order No. Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision). True, its members must be certified in the territorial body of Rostekhnadzor in the same areas B.9 (for branches of organizations - in the commission of the central or parent organization).
Separately, we note that clause 11 of the "Regulations ..." (approved by Order of Rostekhnadzor No. 37 dated January 29, 2007) allows certification of specialists of contracting organizations in the commission of the customer organization.
Sample orders (approximate):
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of lifting structures. For the period of vacation, business trip, illness or in other cases of absence, the duties of the person responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of lifting structures are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- Production control must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the organization and implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements at a hazardous production facility, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 10, 1999 N 263, "Regulations on the organization of production control at the enterprise" (approved by Order No. __ from ___), other local acts of the enterprise.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) is / is not a member of the production control commission.
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition
In accordance with paragraph 23 of the "Safety Rules for HIFs where lifting structures are used" (approved by Order of Rostekhnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), I ORDER:
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for the maintenance of lifting structures in working order. For the period of vacation, business trip, illness or in other cases of absence, the duties of the responsible person are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- In their work, the persons appointed by paragraph 1 of this order should be guided by the "Safety Rules for HIFs that Use Lifting Facilities" (approved by Order of Rostekhnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), technical documentation for lifting facilities, production instructions and other local enterprise acts.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) familiarize yourself with the indicated documents against signature no later than ______ (date).
- The Chairman of the Attestation Commission / Head of the Personnel Training Department to organize training and / or knowledge testing (certification) for __________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) no later than ________ (date).
- Control over compliance with the order is assigned to __________ (position, full name).
ORDER (sample)
On the appointment of a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures
In accordance with paragraph 23 of the "Safety Rules for HIFs where lifting structures are used" (approved by Order of Rostekhnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), I ORDER:
- Appoint _________ (position, full name) responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures. For the period of vacation, business trip, illness or in other cases of absence, the duties of the responsible person are assigned to ___________ (position, full name).
- In their work, the persons appointed by paragraph 1 of this order should be guided by the "Safety Rules for HIFs where lifting structures are used" (approved by Order of Rostekhnadzor No. 533 dated November 12, 2013), regulations on labor protection when working with the use of lifting structures , technical documentation for lifting structures, production instructions, labor protection instructions and other local acts of the enterprise.
- ________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) familiarize yourself with the indicated documents against signature no later than ______ (date).
- The Chairman of the Attestation Commission / Head of the Personnel Training Department to organize training and / or knowledge testing (certification) for __________ (position, full name of the persons specified in clause 1) no later than ________ (date).
- Control over compliance with the order is assigned to __________ (position, full name).
In conclusion, we note that in addition to specialists for the management of substations and their maintenance, crane operators (operators), their assistants, locksmiths and adjusters of pointers, limiters and registrars are necessarily appointed by order (instruction), and for maintenance of substations with an electric drive, in addition, electricians .
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Region on the islands
Job description
for a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures.
This job description was developed in accordance with the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Safety rules for hazardous production facilities that use lifting structures" approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 12, 2013. No. 533, hereinafter the Safety Rules.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
1.1. In each workshop, at a construction site or other area of work of lifting structures, in each shift, a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures (hereinafter referred to as PS), from among the foremen, mechanics, superintendents, and site supervisors, must be appointed.
The appointment of these specialists is carried out by order of the Deputy General Director for Production, after training and certification of their knowledge of the Safety Rules, job description, instructions of the crane operator and slinger, in the prescribed manner. Persons who have passed the knowledge test receive an appropriate certificate, a periodic test of knowledge of these persons should be carried out at least once every 5 years.
1.2. The specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS reports to the Deputy General Director for Production.
1.3. Responsibility for the safe performance of work with cranes at each site during the shift rests with only one employee.
The administration of the organization must create conditions for the fulfillment by this person of the duties assigned to him. During the absence of the responsible person (vacation, illness, etc.), the execution of his duties by the order of the Deputy General Director for Production is assigned to another employee, in the prescribed manner. A copy of the order on the appointment of responsible persons must be located at the work site.
1.4. An extraordinary examination of the knowledge of specialists responsible for safe production using PS is carried out:
1.4.1. When introducing new rules, norms and instructions for labor protection.
1.4.2. At the request of the Rostekhnadzor authorities and / or employees of the labor protection service, if insufficient knowledge of these persons of the rules, norms and instructions on labor protection or gross violations of existing safety rules by them are revealed.
1.5. The specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS must know:
1.5.1. Relevant sections of the Safety Rules.
1.5.2. Electrical safety requirements in the organization and conduct of construction and installation and loading and unloading operations with cranes.
1.5.3. Job description for the Specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS.
1.5.4. Production instructions for the crane operator and slinger.
1.5.5. Instructions for the inspection of slings and containers.
1.5.6. Requirements for projects for the production of construction and installation works and technological maps for loading and unloading operations using cranes.
1.5.7. Correct ways of slinging and hooking loads.
1.5.8. Requirements for removable load-handling devices and containers, their order
choice and application.
1.5.9. Rejection rates for load-handling devices, containers, steel ropes and
1.5.10. The order of organization and production of construction and installation and loading and unloading works with the use of cranes.
1.5.11. Order of warehousing.
1.5.12. Requirements for the installation of cranes.
1.5.13. General information on the arrangement of cranes (their parameters and load characteristics, the purpose of safety devices, stability during operation, etc.).
1.5.14. requirements for crane tracks.
1.5.15. Requirements for the organization and ensuring the safe production of work
self-propelled jib cranes near power lines.
1.5.16. Sign signaling used when moving goods by cranes.
1.5.18. Information letters and directives of Rostekhnadzor bodies on the prevention of accidents and accidents in the production of work with cranes.
1.5.19. The procedure for issuing and issuing work permits in cases provided for
Security rules.
2. RESPONSIBILITIES OF SPECIALISTS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFE PRODUCTION OF WORKS USING PS.
5.1. Specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are obliged to organize work in the area where lifting structures are used in compliance with current safety rules. To do this, they must:
5.1.1. Provide slingers with distinctive signs and protective equipment;
5.1.2. Organize the work of lifting structures in accordance with safety rules, work production projects, technical specifications and technological regulations;
5.1.3. Instruct crane operators and slingers on the safe performance of the upcoming work;
5.1.4. Do not allow untrained and non-certified personnel to service the substation, determine the number of slingers, as well as the need to appoint signalmen during crane operation;
5.1.5. Do not allow unmarked, faulty or non-corresponding to the nature and weight of cargo removable load-handling devices and containers to be used, remove defective devices and containers from the place of work;
5.1.6. Indicate to crane operators and slingers the place, procedure and dimensions of cargo storage;
5.1.7. Directly supervise the work: when loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo with several cranes, in the security zone of power lines, when moving cargo by cranes over ceilings, under which industrial or service premises are located (where people can be), when moving cargo that is not slinging schemes have been developed, as well as in other cases provided for by the projects for the production of works or technological regulations;
5.1.8. Do not allow work to be performed without a work permit in cases provided for by the Rules;
5.1.9. Monitor the implementation by crane operators and slingers of production instructions, projects for the production of work and technological regulations;
5.1.10. Do not allow the installation of jib cranes and loader cranes on sites with a slope exceeding the passport value for this crane, on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as near the slopes of pits or trenches at an unacceptable distance;
5.1.11. Hang out at the place of work a list of goods transported by crane with an indication of their mass. Crane operators and slingers servicing self-propelled jib cranes during construction and installation work, such a list should be handed out; in the absence of individual goods in the list, give the crane operator information about their weight;
5.1.12. Determine the places for storing goods, provide them with the necessary technological equipment and devices (cassettes, pyramids, racks, ladders, stands, linings, gaskets, braces, etc.) and instruct crane operators and slingers regarding the order and dimensions of cargo storage;
5.1.13. Require the crane operator to install a self-propelled jib crane on additional supports, when required by the load characteristics, to prevent the operation of a crane that is not installed on all supports;
5.1.14. Ensure the safety of control loads for checking the load limiters of tower cranes;
5.1.15. Do not allow the crane to work if there is no record of its serviceability in the waybill or logbook;
5.1.16. Ensure that at the work sites, cranes hang out or hand out to crane operators and slingers graphic images of the methods of tying and hooking loads;
5.1.17. Do not allow cranes to move bricks on pallets without a fence above people;
5.1.18. Do not allow people to be in the cab and body of the vehicle during its loading and unloading;
5.1.19. Do not allow the supply of materials, products into window and other openings without receiving platforms;
5.1.20. Follow the instructions of the inspector of Rostekhnadzor and the specialist in supervision for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation;
5.1.21. Do not allow landing in a container lifted by a crane, and the presence of people in it;
5.1.22. Do not allow people to be under the crane boom when it is being raised and lowered without or with a load.
5.2. Specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are required to stop the operation of the crane when:
5.2.1. Unfavorable meteorological conditions - heavy snowfall, fog, downpour, thunderstorm, unacceptable wind force (it is necessary to require the crane operator to take measures to prevent the crane from being stolen by the wind);
5.2.2. Detection, in the technical condition of the crane, of dangerous defects, malfunctions (damage and destruction of metal structures, malfunction of brakes and safety devices, damage to ropes, blocks, drums);
5.2.3. Inadmissible drawdown and the appearance of other dangerous defects in the crane track;
5.2.4. Lack of trained and certified crane operators and slingers;
5.2.5. Lack of necessary load-handling devices and containers;
5.2.6. The air temperature is below the permissible value indicated in the crane passport;
5.2.7. Insufficient illumination of the work site by the crane;
5.2.8. Detection of other reasons affecting the safety of work with cranes.
5.3. Do not allow work to be carried out by cranes during their repair.
5.4. It is not allowed to lower the load onto the vehicle, as well as to lift the load when people are in the body or in the cab of the vehicle. In places of constant loading and unloading of motor vehicles and gondola cars, stationary overpasses or hinged platforms for slingers should be arranged. Unloading gondola cars with hook cranes should be carried out according to the technology approved by the owner of the crane, which should determine the location of the slinger when moving goods, as well as the possibility of their access to overpasses and hinged platforms. The presence of people in the gondola cars and the body of the car when lifting and lowering the load with cranes is not allowed (The same requirements apply to ground transfer carts).
5.5. Tilting of goods by cranes can be carried out on tilting platforms or specially designated places. The performance of such work is allowed only according to a pre-compiled technology, which reflects the sequence of the operation, methods of slinging the load and instructions for the safe performance of work.
5.6. Specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are required to periodically review cases of violations of safety regulations and rules for the operation of cranes with crane operators and slingers. To be present during inspections of the operation of cranes by an inspector of Rostekhnadzor or a specialist responsible for the implementation of production control during the operation of the substation.
5.7. In the event of an accident or accident, immediately organize medical assistance to the victim, report the incident to the administration of the enterprise and ensure the safety of the situation at the time of the accident or accident until the arrival of the commission (if this does not pose a danger to the life of workers) and take part in the work of the commission.
5.8. The movement of goods over the ceilings, under which the service premises are located, where people can be located, is not allowed. In some cases, in agreement with the Rostekhnadzor body, cargo can be moved over the ceilings of industrial and office premises where people can be, after the development of measures to ensure the safe performance of work.
5.11. During the operation of removable load-handling devices and containers, specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are required to keep records of them and periodically inspect them, within the following periods:
1. Traverses, tongs and other grippers, as well as containers - at least once a month.
2. Slings (with the exception of rarely used ones) - at least once every 10 days.
3. Rarely used lifting devices - before issuing to work.
SGZP identified during the inspection that do not meet the requirements of regulatory documents should be withdrawn from operation, with subsequent repair or destruction.
5.13. When operating jib cranes and loader cranes near a power line, specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS are required to:
5.13.1. Indicate to the crane operator or operator the installation location of the crane or loader crane to perform work;
5.13.2. Organize work in accordance with the project, technological map and work permit;
5.13.3. Ensure the implementation of measures for the safe conduct of work specified in the work permit;
5.13.4. Inform the crane operator or operator and slingers (against the signature in the work permit) about the safety measures when the crane or loader crane is operating near the power line;
5.13.5. At each rearrangement of the jib crane, check the correctness of its installation, the implementation of the measures set forth in the work permit, and issue a permit to the crane operator to operate the crane with an entry in the logbook;
5.13.6. Constantly (without leaving the place of work) monitor compliance with safety measures by the crane operator or operator and slingers.
5.14. When instructing crane operators, operators and slingers, specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS should pay special attention to:
5.14.1. Exclusion of people being under the transported load and near the operating jib self-propelled or tower crane in order to avoid trapping people and injuring them with the load;
5.14.2. Strict observance of the methods of slinging, hooking of goods and the correct use of load-handling devices and containers;
5.14.3. Exclusion of movement by crane of people or cargo with people on it;
5.14.4. Danger of pulling loads on the ground, floor or rails with a crane hook, as well as other movements of goods with an inclined position of cargo ropes;
5.14.5. Exclusion of crane lifting of cargo covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other cargo, reinforced with bolts or poured with concrete, as well as metal and slag that has solidified in a furnace or welded after draining;
5.14.6. Correct installation of jib cranes (requirements for sites, dimensions, etc.);
5.14.7. Exclusion of overload of cranes;
5.14.8. Strict observance of the procedure for the production of work by self-propelled jib cranes near the power line, the prohibition of installing cranes to work under the wires of the existing power line;
5.14.9. Inadmissibility of people being on the rolling stock during its loading and unloading by cranes;
5.14.10. Compliance with the established procedure for performing work related to the access of people to the crane tracks of overhead cranes;
5.14.11. The need for strict compliance with the requirements of projects for the production of works and technological processes for the movement of goods;
5.14.12. Compliance with safety measures when slinging and moving explosive and toxic goods;
5.14.13. Danger of being between the transported cargo and structures, equipment, stacks of cargo, etc.
3. RIGHTS.
6.1. The specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS has the right to:
6.1.1. Suspend crane operators and slingers from work for violating the requirements of the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Load-Lifting Cranes and petition the workshop management to punish the perpetrators.
6.1.2. Suspend the operation of lifting mechanisms in case of violations of the requirements set forth in this instruction, until the violations are eliminated or this issue is agreed by the workshop management with the relevant authorities.
6.1.3. Apply to the workshop management about the need to make additions and clarifications to the labor safety instructions for persons servicing cranes.
The performance of construction, installation or loading and unloading operations (the latter, only in cases where it is necessary to organize it over existing communications, the carriageway of streets or in cramped conditions) using a PS should be carried out according to a project for the production of works (PPR), developed by a specialized organization, in in accordance with applicable regulations. In the PPR with the use of PS, in the general case, it should be provided:
compliance with the requirements specified in subparagraph 4.2.2 of these FNR;
compliance with the requirements for the installation and operation of substations near the slopes of pits;
determination of the conditions for the safe operation of several substations on one crane rail track or parallel tracks;
ensuring safe distances from networks and overhead power lines, places of urban traffic and pedestrians, as well as safe distances for approaching the substation to buildings and places of storage of building parts and materials;
ensuring safe distances from the bottom of the transported cargo to the most vertically protruding parts of the building or structure;
ensuring safe distances from the boom, platform, cradle, counterweight console to the most protruding parts of the building or structure:
substantiation of the list of used load-handling devices with graphic images (schemes) of cargo slinging;
allocation on the PPR plan of places and dimensions of warehousing of goods, zones of access roads;
providing measures for the safe performance of work, taking into account the specific conditions at the site where the substation is installed (for example, creating fences for a construction site, an installation zone or a separate site).
Loading and unloading operations and warehousing of goods using PS at bases, warehouses, open areas, except as specified in subparagraph 10.1.1. of these FNP, must be carried out according to the technological maps (TC), developed taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents.
Additional requirements for the installation of the substation are set out in paragraph 10.4 of these FNR.
The installation of jib cranes and other mobile substations (except for rail substations) must be carried out on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil.
The installation of a substation to work on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope exceeding that specified in its passport, is not allowed.
10.1.4. The installation of a substation in the security zone of overhead power lines (TL) is agreed with the owner of the power line. A permit for such an installation to perform construction, installation or loading and unloading operations is stored together with the PPR.
10.1.5. Before being allowed to work at the facility, the workers servicing the substations are instructed in industrial safety. According to the nature and time of conducting, industrial safety briefings are divided into introductory (when hiring, when moving to a new workplace), primary (before starting work, in accordance with the next PPR or TC), repeated (once a year, upon continuation of work at that workplace) and unscheduled (if any violations or non-compliance with industrial safety requirements are identified in the activities of a particular employee).
The development of briefing programs, the registration of their results is carried out in the manner established by the owner or employer (organization operating the substation).
10.1.6. When moving cargo, the PS must comply with the following requirements:
start lifting the load to a preliminary height of not more than 200-300 mm, followed by a stop to check the correctness of the slinging and the reliability of the brake;
do not move the load when there are people under it. It is allowed to have a slinger near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is raised to a height of not more than 1000 mm from the platform level;
move small-piece cargo only in a special container designed for this, in order to exclude the possibility of falling out of individual parts of the cargo. It is allowed to move bricks on pallets without fencing only when unloading (loading) vehicles to the ground (and from the ground);
do not start lifting a load whose mass is unknown;
carry out horizontal movement of the load (as well as an empty load-handling device or load-handling device) 500 mm above the objects encountered on the way;
lower the transported load only to the place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or slipping of the lowered load is excluded. For easy extraction of slings from under the load, its lowering and storage should be carried out on pads of appropriate strength and thickness. Stowage and subsequent disassembly of the cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for the storage of cargo, and without blocking the aisles;
do not allow the load to be suspended during a long break or at the end of work. Upon completion of the work, the substation must be brought to a safe position in a non-operating state;
tilting loads with the use of PS is allowed only on tilting platforms, according to a pre-designed PPR.
finding people near a working jib crane or other mobile substations in order to avoid pinching them between the rotary part of the substation and other fixed structures;
moving a load that is in an unstable position or suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook;
lifting cargo covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other cargoes, reinforced with bolts or poured with concrete, as well as metal and slag frozen in a furnace or welded after draining;
pulling cargo along the ground, floor or rails with hooks of the PS with an inclined position of the cargo ropes (without the use of guide blocks that ensure the vertical position of the cargo ropes);
release with the use of PS of slings, ropes or chains pinched by the load;
pulling the load during its lifting, moving and lowering. Guys can only be used to turn long and bulky loads during their movement;
leveling the transported cargo by hand, as well as changing the position of the slings on the suspended cargo;
supply of cargo to window openings, balconies and loggias without special receiving platforms or special devices;
the use of cargo containers for transporting people;
presence of people under the PS boom when it is raised and lowered without load;
lifting the load directly from the place of its installation (from the ground, platform, stack, etc.) only by boom lifting and telescoping mechanisms;
the use of limiters (limit switches) as working bodies for automatically stopping mechanisms, with the exception of the case when an overhead crane approaches a landing site arranged at the end of the building;
operation of the substation with disabled or inoperable limiters, indicators and brakes;
activation of the crane mechanisms when people are on the turntable of the substation outside the cab;
movement of people by cargo construction hoists;
moving the chassis of the lift (tower) with people or cargo in the cradle;
lifting and lowering the cradle by the lift, if the entrance to the dog is not closed with a locking device;
dropping tools, cargo and other items from a cradle located at a height.
Without installing a key - a brand installed in the PS control panel, the inclusion of its electrical control circuit should be excluded.
10.1.9. If the PS is equipped with two control panels (for example, from the cab and by radio), the PS control system must exclude the possibility of simultaneous control from both panels, as well as spontaneous activation of the control system from a remote control that is not used by the crane operator (operator).
10.1.10. During the operation of the PS, controlled from the floor, along the entire route of the PS, free passage must be provided for the employee operating the PS.
10.1.11. Exits to crane rail tracks, as well as galleries of overhead cranes in operation, must be locked.
The issuance of a key to the lock and the admission of workers servicing substations, crane rail tracks and walk-through galleries must be carried out according to a work permit that determines the conditions for safe work.
The procedure for issuing a work permit and instructing employees is determined by the owner (or the organization operating the substation). The crane operators of all shifts of the span, the workshop where the work is performed, and, if necessary, the crane operators of adjacent spans, should be informed about the upcoming work on the crane rail tracks or walk-through galleries by an entry in the logbook.
10.1.12. For each workshop (span) that is not equipped with walk-through galleries along the crane rail track, where overhead cranes operate, measures are developed for the safe descent of crane operators from the cab when the crane is forced to stop not at the landing site. These activities are indicated in the production instructions for crane operators.
10.1.13. Overhead cranes, but to the decision of the owner (or the organization operating the substation), can be used (from the sites available on the crane) for construction, painting and other work. Such work is carried out according to a work permit that determines industrial safety measures that prevent a fall from a crane caused by a sudden start of movement of a crane or its cargo trolley, a collision with a neighboring crane, as well as an electric shock, a fall when entering the crane rail tracks or crane beams.
The use of an overhead crane for moving goods (when performing the specified work from the platforms of its bridge) is not allowed.
10.1.14. Substations in operation must be equipped with plates indicating the registration number, passport carrying capacity and the date of the next full technical examination.
10.1.15. Owners (or organizations operating substations) must ensure that the following industrial safety requirements are met:
determine the procedure for the allocation and direction of jib cranes and other mobile substations (except for rail substations) to facilities, according to the requests of employers, and also ensure the fulfillment of completed applications;
ensure and maintain the working condition of the substations that are in a non-operating state at the facility, after receiving information from the employer about the completion of work (before the start of dismantling). At the same time, disconnect the PS from the power source and take measures to prevent it from being stolen by the wind;
ensure testing of indicators, limiters and recorders of the PS within the time limits established by the relevant operating manuals (instructions);
establish the procedure for sealing and locking the protective panels of tower cranes with a lock;
provide access to overhead cranes and descent from them through the landing site.
develop and issue to the places of work PPR or TC (in accordance with the instructions of subparagraphs 10.1.1, 10.1.2 and paragraph 11.4. of these FNR), cargo storage schemes, schemes for loading and unloading vehicles, incl. rolling stock (the latter, when used);
to acquaint (on receipt) with the PPR and TC of persons responsible for the safe performance of work of the substation, crane operators (operators), cradle workers and slingers;
provide slingers with tested and marked lifting devices and containers that correspond to the mass and nature of the goods being moved;
determine stationary sites and places for storing goods, provided for by the PPR or TC, equip them with the necessary technological equipment and devices (cassettes, pyramids, racks, ladders, stands, linings, gaskets, etc.);
establish the procedure for exchanging signals between drivers, crane operators, slingers and cradle workers, in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 10.10 of these FNP.
10.1.17. In places of constant loading and unloading of motor vehicles and gondola cars, stationary overpasses or hinged platforms for slingers should be installed. Loading and unloading of gondola cars with hook substations should be carried out according to the technology approved by the owner (or the organization operating the substations), which determines the location of slingers when moving goods, as well as the possibility of their access to overpasses and hinged platforms.
The presence of people in gondola cars when lifting and lowering loads is not allowed.
10.1.18. Loading of goods to be shipped into motor vehicles and other self-propelled vehicles must be carried out in such a way that convenient and safe slinging of goods is ensured during their subsequent unloading.
It is not allowed to lower the load onto the vehicle, as well as to lift the load when people are in the body or cab of the vehicle.
10.1.19. Loading and unloading of gondola cars, platforms, motor vehicles and other vehicles must be carried out without disturbing their balance.
Loading of packages of pipes or rolled metal, strapped to the metal twists of packages of mild steel wire, is prohibited.
10.1.20. Lifting and moving cargo by several PS is allowed only according to the PPR or TC developed by a specialized organization.
When lifting and moving cargo by several PS, the load falling on each of them must not exceed the carrying capacity of the PS.
Work on the movement of cargo by several PS is carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work, while he is entrusted with full responsibility and possible risks associated with the implementation of these operations.
10.1.21. The movement of goods over the ceilings, under which industrial, residential or service premises are located, where people can be located, is not allowed.
10.1.22. When lifting a load using a PS installed near a wall, column, stack, railway car, machine or other equipment, it is not allowed to find people (including a slinger) between the load being lifted and the specified parts of the building or equipment. This requirement must also be met when lowering and moving the load.
10.1.23. In the work area of the substation equipped with a grapple or a magnet, people are not allowed. Ancillary workers serving such substations may be allowed to perform their duties only during breaks in the operation of the substation and after the grab or magnet is lowered to the ground.
The places of work by such substations must be fenced and marked with warning signs.
Using the grapple to lift people or perform work for which the grapple was not designed is prohibited.
10.1.24. When operating overhead cranes installed in several tiers, the condition for the passage of cranes of the upper tier over the cranes located below, only without load, with the hook (or load gripping device) raised to the upper working position and set aside from the highest parts of the lower tier cranes, must be met. tiers.
10.1.25. Work from the cradle of the lift can be performed provided that the following requirements are met:
enter the cradle and exit it only when the cradle is in the lower position;
allow workers to stay in the cradle only in helmets and with safety belts fastened to the structural elements of the cradle;
do not exceed the established passport carrying capacity of the cradle by an excess increase in the number of workers and the mass of simultaneously transported goods;
maintain constant communication during the operation of the lift between the workers of the aerial platform and the lift operator;
do not sit or stand on the railing of the cradle when it is in the raised state, do not place objects on the floor of the cradle to increase the height of the working area.
10.1.27. The operation of the PS is prohibited if:
built-in diagnostics of failures of the limiter or pointer displays information about the malfunction on its scoreboard or display;
The operating manual for the PS does not contain a section on limiters and indicators, or a separate operating manual for a limiter or indicator, compiled in Russian. At the reasoned request of the operating organization, the developer of the PS is obliged to provide explanations of the provisions of the operation manual regarding limiters and indicators;
Before lifting and moving the cargo, the crane operator (operator) of the PS must make sure that during this lifting and moving the PS will not be overloaded and / or collide with any obstacles. The presence of a limiter or pointer does not remove the responsibility from the crane operator for possible failures of the substation.
10.1.29. Before starting work, the crane operator (operator) of the PS is obliged to check the compliance of the PS configuration parameters set in the limiters and indicators (the presence of an extension boom (jib), the ratio of reeving of the cargo block, the position of the supports, etc.) to their real state, if these parameters are displayed on the indicators limiters or pointers.
10.1.30. When performing work in cramped conditions, the crane operator (operator) of the PS is obliged to install the coordinate protection of the PS, or make sure that it is installed.
The crane operator (operator) is responsible for the collision of the PS with a fixed obstacle with an uninstalled coordinate protection.
10.1.31. Limiters and indicators should not be used for commercial accounting of the weight of goods (materials) moved by a crane.
10.2. Registration and start-up.
10.2.1. Registration of facilities where substations are operated must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for registering facilities in the state register of hazardous production facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 24.11.98 No. 1371 12 .
10.2.2. Substation of all types listed in paragraph 1.3 of these FNR, with the exception of those specified in subparagraph 10.2.3 of the FNR PS, are subject to registration with the Rostekhnadzor bodies before being put into operation.)
10.2.3. The following PS are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor bodies:
A) bridge-type cranes and jib cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons inclusive, controlled from the floor by means of a push-button device suspended on a crane, or from a stationary console;
B) boom-type cranes with lifting capacity up to 1 ton inclusive;
C) boom-type cranes with a constant reach or not equipped with a turning mechanism;
D) adjustable cranes for mounting masts, towers, pipes installed on the structure being mounted;
E) bridge-type cranes and tower cranes used for educational purposes at the training grounds of educational institutions;
E) cranes installed on excavators, crushing and handling units, spreaders and other technological machines, used only for the repair of these machines;
G) electric hoists with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons inclusive, used as independent substations;
H) interchangeable load-handling devices, removable load-handling devices and containers.
10.2.4. Registration of cranes in the bodies of Rostekhnadzor is carried out upon a written application of the owner and the passport of the crane.
The application must indicate that the owner of the PS has responsible specialists who have passed the knowledge test of these FNR and a trained employee for servicing the PS, and it must also be confirmed that the technical condition of the PS allows its safe operation.
When registering a bridge type crane, a gantry crane, a tower crane (except for a fast-mounted 13 crane, an act must be attached to the passport confirming that the installation work has been completed in accordance with the installation instructions for the substation, signed by the responsible representative of the organization that installed the substation.
When registering an overhead crane, a drawing of its installation must be attached to the passport, indicating the location of the main trolleys (with trolley power supply) and the landing site for entering the crane. The installation safety distances must comply with the requirements of the substation installation manual.
When registering a substation moving along an elevated crane rail track, a certificate must be submitted stating that the crane rail track is designed for the operation of this substation.
For SS installed on the berths, a certificate of the admissibility of such installation must be submitted.
If the counterweight and ballast plates for tower and gantry cranes are manufactured by the owner of the crane, then an acceptance certificate for the plates must be submitted indicating their actual weight.
When registering a PS that has completed its standard service life, an industrial expert opinion on the possibility of its further operation must be submitted.
10.2.5. Registration with the Rostekhnadzor authorities of a substation that does not have a passport can be carried out on the basis of a duplicate of the passport compiled by a specialized expert organization.
10.2.6. PS are subject to re-registration after:
A) reconstruction or modernization;
B) repair, if a new passport was drawn up at the PS;
C) transfer of the PS to another owner;
D) rearrangement of substations on rails (except for tower ones) to a new location.
10.2.7. When registering a PS that has undergone reconstruction or modernization, a new passport drawn up by the organization that carried out the reconstruction or modernization, or an old passport with changes, must be submitted. The following documentation must be attached to the passport:
A) a certificate of the nature of the work performed, signed by a specialized organization that compiled the reconstruction project;
B) new characteristics and general view drawings of the PS with the main overall dimensions, if they have changed;
C) basic electrical and hydraulic circuits, when they change;
D) kinematic schemes of mechanisms and rope reeving schemes when they change;
E) copies of certificates for the metal used in the reconstruction of the substation;
E) information about the welding consumables used;
G) information on the results of quality control of welding of metal structures;
H) an act on checking the performance of indicators, limiters and registrars;
I) an act of carrying out a full technical examination.
10.2.8. In case of refusal to register a PS, the reasons for the refusal must be indicated in writing with reference to the relevant articles of these FNR and other regulatory documents.
10.2.9. When sending the PS to work in other regions (districts) for a period of more than 3 months, the owner is obliged to inform the Rostekhnadzor body in which the PS is registered, indicating the registration number of the PS, the destination and for how long it is sent.
Upon the arrival of the PS at the site, the owner of the PS or (or the organization that will operate the PS) is required to temporarily register it with the Rostekhnadzor body on whose territory the work will be carried out, and, having submitted the PPR, obtain a permit for the work of the PS.
10.2.10. The PS is subject to deregistration with the Rostekhnadzor authorities in the following cases:
A) when it is written off and sent for recycling;
B) when transferring it to another owner;
C) after the reconstruction or modernization, with its further transfer to the category of unregistered.
Deregistration of a PS is carried out by the Rostekhnadzor authorities upon a written substantiated application of the PS owner with an entry in the passport about the reasons for deregistration.
10.2.11. PS that are not subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor bodies, as well as replaceable load-handling devices, removable load-handling devices and containers, are provided with an individual number and under this number are registered by their owner in the PS register.
10.2.12. Permission to use PS should be issued in accordance with the Rules for the use of technical devices at hazardous production facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1540 dated December 25, 1998 [14].
10.2.13. Permission to put into operation a substation subject to registration with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor must be obtained from these bodies in the following cases:
A) before the commissioning of a newly registered PS;
B) after installation caused by the installation of the substation at a new location (except for jib and fast-erecting tower cranes);
C) after the reconstruction and modernization of the substation;
D) after repair with the replacement of the design elements of the steel structures of the substation using welding 15 .
10.2.14. Permission to put the substation into operation after its registration is issued by the inspector of Rostekhnadzor on the basis of the results of a full technical examination carried out by the owner (or the organization operating the substation). At the same time, the condition of the substation (crane rail track) is checked, as well as the organization of supervision of cranes and their maintenance. The owner (or the organization operating the substation) is obliged to notify the Rostekhnadzor authorities of the upcoming launch of the substation into operation at least 10 days in advance.
10.2.15. A permit to put into operation mobile substations (mobile cranes, pipe-laying cranes, hoists (except for construction), towers, loader cranes) after moving them to a new facility is issued by an engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe operation of the substation, based on the results of a condition check PS and ensuring safe working conditions, with a corresponding entry in the logbook.
10.2.16. Permission to put into operation a newly manufactured jib crane, delivered to the owner in assembled form, is issued by Rostekhnadzor bodies based on the results of testing the crane at the manufacturer and a partial technical examination carried out by the owner. The results of the technical examination carried out must be supported by an entry in the crane passport.
10.2.17. Permission to put into operation substations that are not subject to registration with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor is issued by a specialist responsible for the safe operation of substations based on the manufacturer's documentation and the results of a full technical examination.
10.2.18. Permission to put into operation substations subject to registration with Rostekhnadzor authorities is recorded in their passport by the Rostekhnadzor inspector, and other substations - by a specialist responsible for the safe operation of the substation. The permit for the operation of interchangeable load-handling devices, interchangeable load-handling devices and containers is recorded in a special log book and inspection by the person responsible for the safe performance of the work of the substation.
10.3. Supervision and maintenance
10.3.1. Production control over the safe operation of the substation must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the organization and implementation of production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements at a hazardous production facility, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 10, 1999 No. 263 16 .
10.3.2. Owners (or organizations operating PS) are obliged to ensure their maintenance in working order and safe working conditions by organizing proper examination, inspection, repair, supervision and maintenance.
For these purposes, there must be:
A) the procedure for periodic inspections, technical maintenance and repairs has been established to ensure the maintenance of cranes, crane tracks, load handling devices and containers in good condition;
B) the procedure for training and periodic testing of knowledge of employees serving the PS, required by these FNRs, as well as testing the knowledge of these FNRs from responsible specialists, has been established. With positive results of training and testing of knowledge, they should be issued appropriate certificates;
D) job descriptions for responsible specialists and production instructions for employees, magazines, PPR, TC, slinging schemes, cargo storage and other regulations for the safe operation of substations have been developed;
E) provision of responsible specialists with safety rules, job descriptions and guidelines for the safe operation of the substation, and workers with production instructions;
E) the implementation by responsible specialists of these FNP, job descriptions, and by workers - production instructions are ensured.
10.3.3. The size of the supervision service and its structure should be determined by the owner of the PS, taking into account their number and operating conditions.
For the period of vacation, business trip, illness or in other cases of absence of a specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition, the fulfillment of his duties is assigned by order to the employee who replaced him in his position, who has the appropriate qualifications, who has been trained and tested knowledge of these FNR.
The owner of the PS must create conditions for the responsible specialist to fulfill the duties assigned to him.
10.3.4. Periodic testing of the knowledge of specialists in supervision of the safe operation of the substation, specialists responsible for maintaining the substation in working condition, and specialists responsible for the safe performance of work should be carried out at least once every 3 years by the commission of the enterprise or a training organization with the participation of an inspector from Rostekhnadzor, after training them in the relevant programs.
10.3.5. To manage the substations and their maintenance, the owner is obliged to appoint crane operators (operators), their assistants, locksmiths and adjusters of safety devices, and, in addition, electricians to service cranes with an electric drive.
10.3.6. The assistant crane operator (operator) must be appointed in cases provided for by the operation manual of the substation, or if it is necessary for local working conditions.
10.3.7. Driving a car crane can be entrusted to a car driver after he has been trained according to the program for training crane operators and certification by the qualification commission.
11.3.8. Training and certification of crane operators (operators) and their assistants, slingers, locksmiths, electricians and adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars should be carried out in vocational educational institutions, as well as in courses and technical schools for training workers in these specialties, created in organizations that have basis for theoretical and industrial training. The training of workers in these specialties should be carried out according to programs developed by training centers and agreed with Rostekhnadzor.
11.3.9. Crane operators (operators) and their assistants transferred from one type of substation to another (for example, from a tower crane to an overhead or crawler crane) must be trained and certified before being appointed to a position in the manner established by these FNR. Training in this case can be carried out according to a reduced program agreed with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
10.3.10. Crane operators (operators) and their assistants, after a break in work in their specialty for more than one year, must pass a knowledge test in a qualification commission appointed by the owner of the PS, and in case of satisfactory results of the test, they can be admitted to an internship to restore the necessary skills.
10.3.11. Participation of a representative of the Rostekhnadzor bodies in the work of the qualification commission during the initial certification of crane operators, their assistants, adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars, as well as slingers is mandatory. Rostekhnadzor authorities must be notified of the date of the examinations no later than 10 days in advance. Certification of other workers serving the substation can be carried out without the participation of the inspector of Rostekhnadzor, by the qualification commission of the organization that conducted the training.
10.3.12. Re-testing the knowledge of service workers (crane operators, their assistants, locksmiths, electricians, adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars, as well as slingers) by the qualification commission should be carried out:
A) periodically, at least once every 12 months;
B) when an employee moves to another place of work;
C) at the request of a specialist in supervision of the safe operation of the substation or an inspector of Rostekhnadzor.
Re-testing of knowledge should be carried out in the scope of the production instruction. The participation of the Rostekhnadzor inspector in the re-examination of the knowledge of the service worker is not necessary.
The results of certification and periodic testing of the employee's knowledge must be documented in a protocol with a mark in the certificate.
10.3.13. Persons who have passed the exams are issued appropriate certificates signed by the chairman of the qualification commission, and crane operators (operators, their assistants, adjusters of indicators, limiters and recorders, as well as slingers - signed by the chairman of the qualification commission and a representative of Rostekhnadzor bodies. The certificate of the crane operator (operator) must the types of substations it is allowed to manage must be indicated. A photo card must be pasted into the certificate of the crane operator and slinger. They must have this certificate during work.
10.3.14. Admission to work for crane operators, their assistants, locksmiths, electricians, adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars, as well as slingers must be issued by order (instruction) for the organization.
10.3.15. Workers of the main professions (machinist, assembler, etc.) are allowed to control the crane from the floor or from a stationary console and to hook the load on the hook of such a crane after appropriate instruction and testing skills in operating the crane and slinging loads in the order established by the owner of the PS. To control the substation by radio, workers are allowed who have a certificate that has been trained in the program for training crane operators (operators) in radio control of the substation.
10.3.16. For proper maintenance of the PS, the owner is obliged to provide crane operators (operators), their assistants, locksmiths, electricians, adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars, as well as slingers with production instructions that define their duties, the procedure for safe work and responsibility. Production instructions to workers must be issued against receipt before they are allowed to work.
10.4. Projects for the production of works and technological maps
10.4.1. Basic requirements for construction organization projects and work execution projects using PS
10.4.1.1. The construction organization project (POS) with the use of PS should provide for 17:
ensuring a safe distance from networks and overhead power lines, places of urban transport and pedestrians, as well as safe distances of approach of the substation to buildings and places of storage of building parts and materials;
conditions for the safe operation of several substations and other mechanisms located at the construction site;
storage sites.
compliance of the installed substations with the conditions of construction and installation works in terms of carrying capacity, lifting height and reach (substation cargo characteristics);
ensuring safe distances from networks and overhead power lines, places of urban traffic and pedestrians, as well as safe distances for cranes to approach buildings and places of storage of building parts and materials;
conditions for installation and operation of substations near slopes of pits;
conditions for the safe operation of several cranes on the same track and on parallel tracks using appropriate indicators and limiters;
a list of used load-handling devices and graphic images (schemes) of cargo slinging;
places and dimensions of cargo storage, access roads, etc.;
measures for the safe performance of work, taking into account the specific conditions at the site where the substation is installed (fencing of the construction site, installation area, etc.).
location of premises for sanitary and household services for builders, drinking facilities and recreation areas 18;
section of the building at full height, with the position of the PS boom above the building (maximum and minimum reach) and the dotted line - protruding metal structures of the PS when turning by 180 °;
marks of the top, parapet and machine room of elevators;
safe distances from the bottom of the transported load to the most vertically protruding parts of the building or structure (should be at least 0.5 m, and to ceilings and platforms where people can be at least 2.3 m), taking into account the lengths (in height - used slings (and dimensions of the traverse);
safe distances from the parts of the boom, the counterweight console, taking into account the dimensions of the counterweight ballast blocks, to the most vertically protruding parts of the building or structure;
the dimensions of the elements of the building or structure that protrude most in the horizontal plane (cornices, balconies, fences, bay windows, canopies and entrances).
conditions for installing the lift on the site;
conditions for the safe operation of several lifts, incl. joint operation of cargo and passenger-and-freight hoists in conjunction with the operation of facade hoists, as well as the joint operation of these hoists and tower cranes;
measures for the safe performance of work, taking into account the specific conditions at the site where the lift is installed (fencing of the site, installation area, etc.).
10.4.1.4. PPR using PS, TC for loading and unloading operations and other technological regulations are approved by the head of the organization performing the work, and are issued to the construction site 2 months before the start of the work provided for there, and to workshops, bases, warehouses, sites - 2 days before before the start of work.
10.4.1.5. Specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS, crane operators (operators), work cradles and slingers must be familiarized with the PPR against signature before the start of work.
10.4.2. Organization of safe work performance
10.4.2.1. PPR and TC should include a section related to the organization of safe work with the use of PS. This section should include the following:
conditions for the joint safe operation of various substations (for example, cranes and hoists, cranes and cranes and loader cranes, etc.);
conditions for applying the coordinate protection of the work of the substation;
conditions for lifting cargo by two or more PS;
conditions for the movement of a crawler crane with a load, as well as the conditions for the movement of goods over the premises where construction and installation and other works are carried out;
conditions for installing a substation above underground utilities;
conditions for the supply of goods to the floor openings;
an extract from the passport of the PS on the strength of the wind, in which its operation is not allowed;
conditions for organizing radio communication between the crane operator and the slinger;
requirements for the operation of containers;
the operation of cranes equipped with a grab or magnet;
measures to be taken in the presence of a danger zone in places of possible traffic and pedestrians.
other requirements set out in paragraph 12.1 of these FNR and not included in the text of this article.
When superimposing (in terms of) the service areas of jointly operating tower cranes, it is necessary that their booms (and, accordingly, counterweight consoles) be at different levels (cranes of the same type must have a different number of tower sections).
The difference in the levels of beam (horizontal) booms or counterweight consoles, including suspension ropes and cargo ropes, must be at least 1 m (by air). The conditions for the joint safe operation of tower cranes with lifting booms must be given in the PPR.
When several tower cranes are parked outside working hours, it is necessary that the boom of any crane, when turning, cannot touch the tower or boom, counterweight or suspension ropes of other cranes, while the distance between the cranes or their parts must be at least: horizontally - 2 m, vertically - 1 m. It is advisable to direct the crane booms in one direction, if necessary, the cargo ropes can be loosened. The hook clip must be in the upper position, the cargo carriage must be at a minimum reach, and the crane itself must be installed on anti-theft grips.
10.4.2.3. Crawler cranes can be moved with a load on the hook, while the load on the crane and the position of the boom must be set in accordance with the operating instructions for the crane.
The permissible mass of the transported load depends on the length of the boom and the position of the crane boom in relation to the direction of movement of the crane, while the movement of the load must be carried out at a minimum reach.
The base on which the crawler crane moves with the load must have a hard surface that can withstand, without subsidence, a specific pressure of at least the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the passport or the crane operation manual. The base must be level and have a slope not exceeding that specified in the crane operation manual.
It is advisable to carry out the movement of cargo by a crawler crane at a height of not more than 0.5 m above the ground, with the cargo kept from swinging and turning with the help of braces, while people are not allowed between the cargo and the crane.
When starting a crawler crane, you must first calm the load from swinging. Starting the crane from its place with a load swinging on the hook is prohibited.
10.4.2.4. The supply of goods into the openings (hatches) of ceilings and coatings should be carried out according to a specially developed PPR. When feeding the load into the openings (hatches) of ceilings and coatings, it is necessary to lower the load and raise the hook with slings at a minimum speed without swinging them.
The distance between the edge of the opening (hatch) and the load (or the hook block, if it is lowered into the opening (hatch)) must ensure the free movement of the load (or hook block) through the opening and must be at least 0.5 m.
When lifting the sling through the opening (hatch), all hooks must be hung on the detachable link, and the sling must be guided from below with a hemp rope; the hemp rope is unhooked from the sling after the sling is taken out of the opening (hatch). The slinger can approach the load (move away from the load) when the load is lowered (raised) to a height of not more than 1 m from the level of the surface (platform) where the slinger is located.
At the place of reception (or dispatch) of goods supplied (or removed) through the opening (hatch), as well as at the opening in the ceiling (covering), a light signaling (luminous inscriptions) is equipped, warning both about the presence of cargo above the opening (hatch), and about lowering it through the opening (hatch), as well as inscriptions and signs prohibiting people from being under the transported cargo.
Light signaling is located so that it cannot be damaged by the transported load or load-handling devices.
Radio communication is established between the crane operator and the slinger, who is out of sight of the crane operator.
The opening (hatch) through which the load is fed must have a permanent fence with a height (distance from the level of the workplace to the lowest point of the upper horizontal element) of at least 1200 mm with a solid side board along the bottom to a height of at least 100 mm.
When a load is fed into the openings (hatches) through the inter-farm space or through several floors, when the openings (hatches) are located directly above each other, a shaft with smooth walls is equipped.
10.4.2.5. Installation of structures with large windage and dimensions (stained-glass windows, trusses, partitions, wall panels, etc.), as well as installation in the area adjacent to buildings (structures) in operation, are classified as works in places of action of hazardous factors that, with the force of wind 10 m/s and above must stop.
10.5. Technical certification
10.5.1. Substation before putting into operation must be subjected to a full technical examination. Substation that are subject to registration with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor must be subject to technical examination prior to their registration. The technical examination must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual of the substation.
In the absence of relevant instructions in the manual, the examination of the substation is carried out in accordance with these FNR.
10.5.2. Substation during the standard service life must be subject to periodic technical inspection:
A) partial - at least once every 12 months;
B) complete - at least once every 3 years, with the exception of rarely used substations (substation for maintenance of machine rooms, electrical and pumping stations, compressor units, as well as other substations used only for equipment repair).
Rarely used load-lifting cranes must be subjected to a full technical examination at least once every 5 years. The assignment of PS to the category of rarely used is made by the owner in agreement with the bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
10.5.3. An extraordinary full technical examination of the substation should be carried out after:
A) installation caused by the installation of the substation at a new location (except for jib and quick-erect tower cranes);
B) reconstruction or modernization of the substation;
C) repair of the design elements of the steel structures of the substation with the replacement of elements or with the use of welding;
D) installation of interchangeable boom equipment or replacement of the boom;
E) overhaul or replacement of a cargo or boom winch;
E) replacement of the load gripping body (only static tests are carried out);
G) replacement of load-bearing or cable-stayed ropes of cable-type cranes.
10.5.4. After replacing worn-out cargo, jib or other ropes, as well as in all cases of rope relocation, the correctness of the reeving and the reliability of fastening the ends of the ropes must be checked, as well as the ropes are tightened with a working load, which should be recorded in the crane passport by a specialist responsible for the maintenance of lifting cranes in working order.
10.5.5. The technical examination of the PS must be carried out by a specialist in supervision of the safe operation of the PS with the participation of a specialist responsible for keeping the PS in working condition.
10.5.6. The technical examination is intended to establish that:
A) the substation and its installation at the place of operation comply with the requirements of these FNR and the requirements of operational documentation;
B) the PS is in a state that ensures its safe operation.
10.5.7. In the course of a full technical examination of the PS, in the general case, it must be subjected to:
A) inspection
B) static tests;
C) dynamic tests.
During a partial technical examination, static and dynamic tests of the crane are not carried out.
10.5.8. During the technical examination of the substation, in general, its mechanisms, brakes, hydraulic and electrical equipment, indicators, limiters and registrars should be examined and tested in operation.
In addition, during the technical examination of the crane, the following should be checked:
A) the condition of the metal structures of the crane and its welded (riveted, bolted) joints (no cracks, deformations, weakening of riveted and bolted joints, etc.), as well as the condition of the cabin, stairs, platforms and fences;
B) the state of the hook, blocks. For substations transporting molten metal and liquid slag, for ladle lifting and tilting mechanisms, revision of forged and stamped hooks and parts of their suspension, as well as suspension parts of plate hooks, must be carried out by the factory laboratory using non-destructive testing methods.
During non-destructive testing, the absence of cracks in the threaded part of the forged (stamped) hook, the absence of cracks in the threaded part of the fork of the plate hook and in the axis of connection of the plate hook with the fork or traverse should be checked. The need and frequency of checking suspension parts are set by the owner.
The conclusion of the laboratory must be kept together with the PS passport;
C) the actual distance between the hook suspension and the stop when the limit switch is activated and the lifting mechanism stops;
D) the state of insulation of wires and grounding of electrical substation with the determination of their resistance;
E) compliance with the drawing and data of the passport of the substation of the actually installed weight of the counterweight and ballast;
E) the state of attachment of axles and pins;
G) the condition of the crane rail track, its compliance with the operation manual of the substation, as well as the requirements of these FNP;
3) the condition of the ropes and their fastening to the requirements of the operating manual for the PS, as well as the requirements of these FNR;
I) the state of lighting and signaling;
J) state of electrical grounding (for lifts);
I) testing the performance of safety catchers (for construction hoists);
E) checking the accuracy of stopping the cabin with a full working load and without a load (for construction hoists).
The rejection rates for assembly units, PS mechanisms, steel ropes and crane rail tracks must be specified in the PS operating manual. If there are no relevant standards in the operating manual for the PS, the rejection is carried out in accordance with the requirements given in Appendixes 4, 5 and 6 to the FNP PS.
10.5.9. Static tests must be carried out with the following loads (in relation to the rated load rating:
125% - for substations of all types (except lifts);
200% - for cargo-passenger and facade building hoists,
150% - for cargo construction hoists (when the load-carrying device is not extended),
125% - the same, with the maximum extended load-carrying device;
150% - for other types of lifts (towers).
10.5.9.1. Static testing of an overhead crane is carried out as follows. The crane is installed above the supports of the crane track, and its trolley (carts) - in the position corresponding to the largest deflection of the bridge, the first high-altitude notch of the position of one of the belts of the main beam is made (by an optical device or a laser rangefinder). Then the control load is lifted by a crane to a height of 50-100 mm, a second high-altitude notch is made of the position of the same belt of the main beam, and the crane is kept in this position for 10 minutes. If an arbitrary lowering of the lifted load is detected, the tests are stopped and their results are recognized as unsatisfactory.
After 10 minutes, the load is lowered, after which the third high-altitude notch of the position of the same zone of the main beam is made. If the value of the third measurement is the same as the first, there is no residual deformation of the crane bridge and the test is successful.
Static testing of a gantry crane and an overhead loader is carried out in the same way as the testing of an overhead crane; at the same time, for a crane with consoles, each console is tested separately.
In the presence of residual deformation (lack of equality between the first and third measurements), which was the result of testing the crane with a load, the crane should not be allowed to work until the causes of deformation have been clarified by a specialized organization and the possibility of its further operation has been determined.
Static testing of cable cranes is carried out similarly to tests of overhead cranes, while monitoring the position of the load (which must be initially raised above the ground for 30 minutes), as well as the position of the tops of the supports, which should not move horizontally until apply the test load, and return to its original position when the test load is lowered.
10.5.9.2. Static tests of bridge-type cranes intended for servicing hydro and thermal power plants can be carried out using special devices (hydraulic loaders) that make it possible to create a test load without the use of a load.
It is forbidden to create loading of such cranes with an increasing load from the "dead" load, fixed through a dynamometer to the load gripping body, due to short-term intermittent activation of the lifting mechanism.
Other types of loading tests for such cranes are not carried out.
10.5.9.3. Static tests of a jib-type crane having one or more load characteristics, during periodic or extraordinary technical examination, are carried out in a position corresponding to the highest crane capacity and / or the highest loading moment.
Testing of cranes with interchangeable boom equipment can be carried out with the equipment installed on them for operation. After the interchangeable boom equipment is installed on the crane, the test is carried out in the position corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity of the crane with the equipment installed.
Testing of boom-type cranes that do not have a mechanism for changing the outreach (the boom is supported by a stretch) is carried out at the outreaches established for testing. With the same departures, subject to satisfactory results of the technical examination, the subsequent operation of the crane is allowed.
10.5.9.4. During static tests of boom-type cranes, the boom is installed relative to the running support part in a position corresponding to the lowest design stability of the crane, and the load is lifted to a height of 50-100 mm.
The methodology for measuring residual deformations during testing is similar to that set out in subparagraph 10.5.9.1 of these FNR, with the only difference that high-altitude notches are made on the boom head.
The crane is considered to have passed the static tests if the lifted load does not fall to the ground within 10 minutes, and no cracks, residual deformations and other damage to metal structures and mechanisms are detected.
10.5.9.5. Static tests of a pipe-laying crane or a manipulator crane are carried out when it is installed on a horizontal platform in a position corresponding to the maximum carrying capacity. After installation on a pipe-laying crane (crane-manipulator) of replaceable boom equipment, tests are carried out in a position corresponding to the maximum load capacity, with the equipment installed. The hook lifts the load to a height of 50-100 mm from the ground and holds it for 10 minutes. The pipe-laying crane is considered to have passed the test if within 10 minutes. the lifted load did not lower, and no cracks, permanent deformations or other damage were found.
The measurement procedure is similar to that described in subparagraph 10.5.9.4. real FNP.
10.5.9.6. During static tests of a construction hoist, the load must be on a fixed load-carrying device located at a height of not more than 150 mm above the level of the lower landing site (ground).
The construction hoist is considered to have passed the static test if within 10 minutes. there will be no displacement of the load-carrying device, and no cracks, residual deformations and other damage to metal structures and mechanisms will be detected.
10.5.9.7. Static tests of lifts (except for construction ones) are carried out when the lift is installed on a horizontal platform in a position corresponding to its lowest design stability.
On lifts equipped with a cradle, a load with a mass equal to 110% of the rated load capacity is placed in the cradle, and a second load with a mass equal to 40% of the rated load capacity is suspended from the cradle on a flexible suspension. After the start of lifting and separation of the second load from the ground to a height of 50-100 mm, the lifting is stopped, followed by holding the total load for 10 minutes.
The measurement procedure is similar to that set out in subparagraph 10.5.9.4 of these FNR.
At the same time, the separation from the ground of one of the lift supports is not considered a sign of loss of stability.
The hoist is considered to have passed the test if the lifted load has not lowered within 10 minutes, and also if no damage has been found in the metal structures. When testing, any movement of the lift (except for lifting - lowering) with a load weighing 150% of the rated load capacity is prohibited.
10.5.10. Dynamic tests of the substation are carried out with a load, the mass of which is 10% higher than its nameplate carrying capacity, and are aimed at checking the operation of its mechanisms and brakes.
During dynamic testing of the substation, multiple (at least three to five times) lifting and lowering of the load are performed, as well as checking the operation of all other mechanisms when combining the working movements provided for by the operating manual of the substation.
10.5.11. For a substation equipped with two or more lifting mechanisms, if their separate operation is provided, each mechanism must be tested for static and dynamic loads.
10.5.12. If the PS is used only for lifting and lowering the load (lifting gates at hydroelectric power plants), its dynamic tests are not carried out.
10.5.13. Tests of a PS having several interchangeable load-handling devices must be carried out with the load-handling device that is installed at the time of testing.
10.5.14. To conduct static and dynamic tests, the owner of the PS must ensure the availability of a set of test (control) weights indicating their actual weight.
If the tests are carried out upon completion of the repair, reconstruction or modernization of the substation on the territory of the repair facility, the test weights are provided by the owner of the repair facility.
10.5.15. On construction hoists, during a full technical examination, the performance of safety catchers (emergency stops) is additionally tested. These tests, performed with an overload of 10%, are carried out in accordance with the methods given in the operational documentation:
for lifts equipped with speed limiters, from the operation of these limiters,
for lifts that do not have a speed limiter, when simulating a break in the lifting ropes,
for rack and pinion lifts - when the release button is turned on.
10.5.16. Tests of safety devices and emergency stops for all types of hoists should provide for stopping the load-carrying device without a person being in close proximity to the load-carrying device.
To exclude a hard impact when the braking distance recorded in the operational documentation is exceeded, shock-absorbing devices must be provided.
10.5.17. The results of the technical examination of the substation are recorded in its passport by the specialist in supervision of the safe operation of the substation, who conducted the examination, indicating the date of the next examination. When examining a newly assembled substation, an entry in the passport must confirm that the substation has been assembled and installed in accordance with the operating manual, these FNRs and has passed the tests.
An entry in the passport of the operating PS, subjected to periodic technical inspection, must confirm that the PS meets the requirements of these FNR, is in working order and has passed the tests. Permission for the further operation of the PS in this case is issued by a specialist in supervision of the safe operation of the PS.
The technical examination of the substations is allowed to be carried out by a specialized organization engaged in the repair, reconstruction and modernization of the substation.
The assessment of the conformity and performance of indicators, limiters and recorders of the work of the PS is carried out in accordance with the instructions of paragraph 12.2. real FNP.
10.5.18. When performing a technical examination, an assessment of the performance of the calculated elements of the steel structures of the substation, mechanisms, control systems, etc. (in the presence of identified damage) are performed in accordance with the methods and rejection indicators given in Appendix 8 of these FNR.
The performance assessment of steel ropes, chains, crane rail tracks, lifting devices is carried out in accordance with paragraphs 10.6 - 10.8 of these FNP, and the performance assessment of indicators, limiters and recorders of the work of the substation - in accordance with the instructions of paragraph 11.2. real FNP.
10.6. Steel ropes and chains
10.6.1. Steel ropes installed on the SS when replacing previously installed ones must correspond in terms of grade and breaking force specified in the SS Passport, have a certificate (certificate) or a copy of the rope manufacturer's certificate on their testing in accordance with GOST 3241 or GOST 18899.
Steel ropes that are not provided with a certificate (certificate) of their testing are not allowed to be used.
It is allowed to use ropes manufactured according to international standards, if they correspond to the technology of using the PS for their intended purpose, have a diameter equal to the diameter of the rope to be replaced, and breaking force is not lower than that specified in the Passport of the PS for the rope to be replaced.
It is forbidden to replace cross lay steel ropes with one-sided lay ropes.
10.6.2. The fastening of a steel rope on a substation installed instead of a previously installed one must correspond to the previously adopted design of its fastening.
10.6.3. Correspondence in terms of utilization factor (factor of safety) of steel ropes selected for replacement should be performed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 4308 by calculation using the formula:
10.6.4. The rejection of steel ropes in operation should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 5 of these FNP.
10.6.5. Steel chains installed on the PS when replacing previously installed ones must comply with the grade and breaking force specified in the Passport of the PS, have a certificate (certificate) or a copy of the certificate of the chain manufacturer about their testing.
It is allowed to use chains manufactured according to international standards, if they correspond to the technology of using the PS for their intended purpose, have a diameter and chain pitch equal to the diameter and pitch of the replaced chain, and breaking force is not lower than that specified in the PS Passport for the replaced chain.
Steel chains that are not provided with a certificate (certificate of their testing) are not allowed to be used.
Table 10.1
Minimum values of rope utilization factors Z R
| ISO 4301/1 mechanism classification group | movable ropes | Fixed ropes |
| Z R |
||
| ml | 3,15 | 2,50 |
| M2 | 3,35 | 2,50 |
| M3 | 3,55 | 3,00 |
| M4 | 4,00 | 3,50 |
| M5 | 4,50 | 4,00 |
| M6 | 5,60 | 4,50 |
| M7 | 7,10 | 5,00 |
| M8 | 9,00 | 5,00 |
10.6.6. Splicing of chains is allowed by electric welding of new inserted links or by using special connecting links. After splicing, the chain shall be tested with a load of 1.25 times its design pulling force for 10 min.
10.6.7. The rejection of steel chains in operation should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 6 of these FNR.
10.7. Crane rail track
10.7.1. A crane rail track for a railroad substation (excluding railway cranes) must comply with the project developed by a specialized organization or an enterprise - a substation manufacturer.
The crane rail track must provide free, without jamming, passage of the substations installed on it throughout the entire route.
The device and dimensions of stairs, landings and galleries of elevated crane rail tracks must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents.
When installing an additional substation on an operating crane rail track, the latter must be checked by calculation for the admissibility of such a load.
The way of the railway crane must be arranged and maintained in accordance with the standards of Russian Railways.
10.7.2. The crane rail track of the substation (excluding the crane rail tracks of tower and railway cranes) and the rail track of cargo overhead bogies or electric hoists equipped with arrows or turntables, as well as the transition points of the substation or its cargo trolley from one track to another must meet the following requirements:
A) ensure smooth, without jamming, travel;
B) be equipped with locks with electric blocking, which excludes moving when the lock is unlocked;
C) have an automatically activated blocking that prevents the cargo trolley (electric hoist) from derailing when it leaves the console of the undocked section of the track;
D) provide control of the transfer of the switch or turntable from the signal of the control system of the cargo trolley (electric hoist);
E) be equipped with a single switch for supplying voltage to the trolleys (or electric cable) of the cargo trolley (electric hoist), to the control mechanisms of the switches and the electric devices of the blocking devices.
10.7.3. The rails of the crane rail track must be fixed so that when the substation is moving, their transverse and longitudinal displacement is excluded (except for elastic deformations under load from the moving substation). The limiting values of elastic deformations must comply with the requirements given in Appendix 3 to these FNR.
10.7.4. Moving cars and forklifts through the paths of gantry and tower cranes should be designed by the owner of the cranes, taking into account the intensity of the crossing. At the same time, the full responsibility for the industrial safety of such crossings rests with the owner of the cranes.
10.7.5. The intersection of the paths of gantry, tower and portal cranes with the rail tracks of factory transport can be allowed after the owner of the cranes develops measures to prevent collisions between operating cranes and rolling stock.
The crossing of the path of the portal crane with the railway tracks can be allowed after the owner of the cranes develops measures to prevent the collision of operating cranes with the rolling stock and is coordinated by the organization in charge of the organization of traffic on the railway tracks. At the same time, the full responsibility for the industrial safety of such intersections and the organization of traffic at them rests with the owner of the cranes.
10.7.6. The maximum deviations of the crane rail track from the design position, specified in the crane operating manual, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Appendix 3. Defects in the rails and sleepers of the crane rail track should not exceed the rejection criteria given in Appendix 4 to FNP PS.
10.7.7. On each crane rail track, a section for parking a substation in a non-working condition must be allocated.
10.7.8. The readiness of the crane rail track for operation must be confirmed by the certificate of acceptance of the crane rail track, to which the results of a planned high-altitude survey should be attached.
10.7.9. Checking the condition of the crane rail track and measuring the resistance of its grounding must be carried out in accordance with regulatory documents.
10.8. Load handling devices and containers
10.8.1. Industrial safety requirements for the operation of load handling devices, incl. for maintenance, repair, reconstruction and modernization should not be lower than the requirements established for similar procedures carried out with the substation, together with which they are used for their intended purpose.
10.8.2. An employee who is assigned to perform work on a lead, incl. for hanging on the hook of the PS, slinging and tying the cargo moved by the PS using load-handling devices, must have a qualification level and be certified by the profession "slinger".
The same requirement applies to workers in the main professions, who are charged with hanging cargo on a hook without prior strapping (cargo that has loops, eyelets, trunnions, as well as being in buckets, tubs and containers or in other containers) or in cases where the cargo captured by semi-automatic grippers.
10.8.3. The safe use of load handling devices for their intended purpose includes the following functions performed by the owner:
A) development of PPR, TC and technological regulations, including slinging schemes, indicating methods for tying parts, assemblies and other equipment elements, the lifting and moving of which during installation, dismantling and repair is carried out by the PS using load gripping devices, as well as methods for safely tilting composite parts of equipment, indicating the load-handling devices used in this case;
B) providing personnel associated with slinging, lifting and moving cargo, technological regulations, PPR and TC, which should contain schemes for slinging, storing and tilting cargo, loading and unloading vehicles, rolling stock or ships, as well as a list of used load-handling fixtures;
C) familiarization (on receipt) with the PPR and TC of specialists responsible for the safe performance of work using PS, as well as slingers and crane operators;
D) providing slingers with distinctive signs, tested and marked removable load-handling devices corresponding to the mass and nature of the cargo being reloaded;
E) posting in the work area of the PS a list of the main goods transported by it, indicating their mass. Crane operators and slingers servicing jib cranes during construction and installation work, such a list should be handed out;
E) the use of slings 19, individual branches of which satisfy the following safety factors:
at least 6 made of steel ropes;
at least 4 made of steel chains;
at least 7, made of ribbons or woven threads on a polymer basis.
10.8.4. Removable load-handling devices and containers recognized as unsuitable for use in work, including due to the lack of the necessary marking, as well as load-handling devices with an expired safe operation (service) period, should not be located in the places of work.
10.8.5. Slingers must inspect load handling devices before using them, and the rejection indicators given in their operating manual (instruction) should be used. For steel ropes of slings, as well as sling chains, the rejection signs given in Appendices 5 and 6 of these FNR should be used. The rejection signs of textile slings are given in Appendix 6 of these FNP.
10.8.6. To control the technical condition of elements, assemblies and connections of load-handling devices that cannot be determined in assembled form, annually, within the time limits determined by the schedule approved by the owner, their partial disassembly, inspection and revision should be carried out. If signs of cracks are found on the bushings, in the design elements of the metal structures of the traverses and grips, non-destructive testing methods should be applied.
It is advisable to combine the terms of the inspection with the technical examinations of the substations, or current repairs of the substation.
10.8.7. Repair, reconstruction and / or modernization of load handling devices should be carried out according to the project and technical specifications developed by specialized organizations and containing instructions on the materials used, quality control of welding, the procedure for acceptance and documentation of the results of the repair (reconstruction and / or modernization).
10.8.8. After the overhaul of traverses, grabs and grabs, a risk assessment should be carried out, the value of which should not be more than acceptable. If necessary, technical and organizational measures should be developed to achieve acceptable risk values.
10.8.9. For repaired traverses, grabs and grabs that do not meet the requirements of the design (design) documentation, measures must be developed to ensure the risk values established in the safety case, taking into account the technological processes and control systems adopted by the repair manufacturer.
Slings, after replacing individual elements in them, must comply with the requirements of the design (design) documentation.
10.8.10. Branches of multi-branch slings and traverses, detachable links, hooks and other easily replaceable (without welding, braiding, crimping and stitching) design elements of load handling devices used to replace damaged or worn ones, in addition to the necessary marking, must be provided with a manufacturer's passport, while in the passport of the load handling device, the necessary mark must be made, with simultaneous filing of the passport of the newly installed element to it.
10.8.11. During the operation of removable load-handling devices and containers, the owner must periodically inspect them within the following periods:
traverse, pincers, grabs and containers - every month;
slings (with the exception of rarely used ones) - every 10 days;
rarely used removable load-handling devices - before issuing them for work.
10.8.12. The results of the inspection of removable load-handling devices and containers are entered in the inspection log of load-handling devices.
10.8.13. The use of tower cranes with containers unloaded by weight is allowed within the classification group (mode) specified in the crane passport, with the number of crane operation cycles not more than 8 per hour and the following values of the total tare weight with the transported cargo:
for containers without vibrators (excluding grabs) - within the limits of the crane's load capacity;
for containers with a vibrator - no more than 50% of the maximum lifting capacity of the crane;
for single-rope grabs that do not allow unloading on weight - no more than 50% of the crane's lifting capacity;
for cranes produced in several versions (differing in the reeving ratio of the cargo rope, the height of the tower or the length of the boom), the maximum lifting capacity should be understood as the highest lifting capacity among all available versions of this crane.
10.8.14. The installation of vibrators on containers is allowed only if the unbalance rotation axis is located vertically. The magnitude of the disturbing force of the vibrator should not exceed 4 kN.
10.8.15. Move small-piece cargo only in a special container designed for this, in order to exclude the possibility of falling out of individual parts of the cargo. It is allowed to move bricks on pallets without fencing only when unloading (loading) vehicles to the ground (and from the ground); N (400 kgf) or within the limits determined by the regulatory documents for the container.
10.8.16. The necessity, conditions and methods for testing load-handling devices during operation should be given in the manufacturer's operational documentation. In the absence of these requirements, the value of the static load when testing load-handling devices must exceed their nameplate load capacity by 25%.
10.8.17. When testing multi-branch slings, their branches must be located at an angle of 90 ° vertically to each other.
It is allowed to conduct tests at a different angle with the corresponding recalculation of the test loads.
10.8.18. When testing special load-handling devices, the hooking of which is impossible for standard test loads, the technological test procedure should provide for a scheme for reliable connection of the test load of the required mass to the products for which the load-handling devices are intended.
The static strength of the grab structure should be checked by loading the jaws symmetrically with a test weight. If it is necessary to increase the mass of the test load, a part of the pre-weighed load is placed inside the grab, and an additional load is suspended from the bottom of the jaws. It is also possible to suspend the entire mass of the test load from the jaws. The suspension scheme is specified in the grab operation manual and reflected in the technological test schedule.
When testing traverses, the scheme of connection (hooking, slinging) of the test load must be arranged in such a way that its design (layout of loads) does not prevent the main elements of the metal structure of the traverse from absorbing compressive or bending forces arising from the use of the traverses for their intended purpose in operation.
10.8.19. Static tests of load-handling devices are carried out in the following sequence:
the test load hooked (covered, tied) by the tested load-handling device or suspended from it, with the smallest possible accelerations, raise the PS to a height of 50 ... minutes;
after the specified time has elapsed, the test weight is lowered onto the site.
the number of stitched layers of tape;
no defects (abrasion on the surfaces of the slings and the edges of the tape, longitudinal cuts, tears and punctures of the tape, destruction of the edges of the tape, damage to the stitching).
A tape sling made of polymeric material is considered to have passed the cargo static tests if during their conduct there were no ruptures of the seams, unraveling or rupture of the tapes, residual deformations of the end elements or a change in the size of the sling.
10.8.20. The results of static tests of load-handling devices are revealed after removing the load from them. In the presence of residual deformation, which was the result of testing with a load, the load-handling device should not be allowed to work until a specialized organization clarifies the causes of deformation and determines the possibility of its further operation.
Tests are terminated or suspended in the event of an emergency situation that threatens the safety of persons participating in the tests. Continuation of tests is allowed only after the elimination of the reasons that caused their termination or suspension.
10.8.21. The results of testing load-handling devices with a static load must be documented in a test report (protocol). If the results are positive, it must confirm that the load handling device has passed the tests, meets the requirements of the current regulatory documents and is in working order. In case of negative results, the identified defects and damages and the probable causes of their origin are reflected in the Act.
10.9. Lifting and transporting people 20
10.9.1. Lifting and transporting people using PS is possible only in the following cases:
during installation, construction and erection of unique objects, when other methods of delivering workers to the work area cannot be applied;
during installation and maintenance of stand-alone drilling and other oil and gas production rigs;
at enterprises and docks performing work on the construction and repair of ship hulls;
on oil and gas platforms installed on the high seas, to change personnel, with a rotational platform maintenance method.
10.9.2. Lifting and transportation of people with the use of PS is possible only in a safe cradle, designed only for the movement of personnel.
The PS selected for moving the cradle must meet the following requirements:
have at least a double margin in terms of carrying capacity, consisting of the following terms: the mass of the cradle + the lifting device of the cradle + the rated carrying capacity of the cradle itself, and not less than a fourfold margin in terms of the moment of overturning (for free-standing substations of the boom type).
have a solid bottom (floor) that can withstand a load of at least twice the cradle's nameplate capacity;
have a ring of elastic material on the outer side of the bottom, which determines the maximum dimension of the cradle in the horizontal direction. The ring of elastic material must absorb all accidental impacts of the cradle when bringing its PS to the vertical structures of the serviced structure. When using a cradle for transporting personnel above water (when servicing drilling platforms), the dimensions and position of the elastic ring must be such as to ensure not only the buoyancy of the cradle with personnel, but also guarantee it from overturning in case of lowering into the water;
have a flexible basket-like structure, woven from synthetic ropes or sewn from slings, softening possible collisions of personnel when the elastic ring touches possible obstacles. To keep the shape in the vertical plane, the wicker (sewn) structure must have 3-4 rigid guides. Entry and exit of personnel into the inside of the cradle should be through openings closed by two wide slings with carabiners, which should be fastened in the state of transportation and easily unfastened in case of emergency leaving the cradle;
be hung on the PS hook using a special ring, which in the working position must be one-piece;
the suspension ring must be connected by a chain to the ring of the upper parts of the hard guides of the cradle. For cradles used to transport personnel above water, to compensate for rolling on waves, a shorter elastic rubber element is installed parallel to the chain between the suspension rings, which can withstand at least twice the load from a loaded cradle.
wind speed, measured as an average value, should not exceed 10 m/s;
the crane operator must see the cradle with people during the entire transportation operation, as well as the areas where the cradle begins to rise and lower;
the zones of the beginning of the beginning of the lifting and lowering of the cradle must be free from any foreign objects.
people who need to be moved have received clear instructions (under painting) on where to stand, what to hold on to and how to leave the cradle when it lands;
people who are unable to keep themselves in the usual way (for example, after the occurrence of accidents or incidents) are moved in a supine position on a rigid stretcher, securely attached to the cradle, and accompanied by two people.
wave height should not exceed 3.5 m (from crest to bottom);
restrictions are taken into account, i.e. deck capacity and local dimensions of embarkation and unloading areas;
the platform manager and the master of the transshipment vessel have concluded that the transfer can take place in a safe and secure manner;
a rescue boat is available for quick launching from a platform or transfer vessel;
radio communication is maintained with the crane operator and with the ship's bridge/deck;
one or two people to be moved must always be accompanied by a person who has experience moving personnel in a cradle;
all persons must wear working lifejackets and/or immersion suits.
10.10. Work alarm system
10.10.1. Owners (or organizations operating substations) must establish a procedure for the exchange of signals between slingers and crane operators. Sign signaling and a signal exchange system for radio communication should be included in the production instructions for crane operators and slingers. The recommended sign signaling is given in Appendix 7 of these FNR.
10.10.2. When changing the work site, crane operators and slingers must be instructed (on receipt) about the sign signaling used in the new work site.
10.10.3. When erecting buildings and structures with a height of more than 36 m, which use substations, two-way radio or telephone communication should be used.
10.11. Industrial safety expertise
10.11.1. Substation at the end of its service life, as well as in the cases specified in this article, must be subjected to an industrial safety review, the purpose of which is to carry out work on the technical diagnosis of their actual state and determine the conditions under which it is possible to extend the further operation of the substation.
10.11.2. The need to carry out work on technical diagnostics, which is an integral part of the work on the examination of industrial safety, their volume, composition and nature depend on the service life and type of the substation, while the following reasons can be singled out as the main ones:
expiration of the standard service life specified in the passport of the substation, or the maximum operating time recorded by the parameter registrar installed on the substation;
the presence of defects and damage to the substations (for example, due to force, corrosion, temperature or other influences that can reduce the strength, deformation characteristics of the steel structure of the substation and worsen the safety performance of the substation as a whole;
increase in operational loads and impacts on the steel structure of the substation due to repair, reconstruction, modernization and / or increase in the initial dimensions;
identification of deviations from the load capacity and / or classification group declared by the manufacturer, which reduce the carrying capacity and operational performance of the PS;
lack of a complete set of operating documentation for the lifting structure (for example, a crane passport, project documentation for repairs or upgrades);
changing the functional purpose of the PS, for example, when equipping it with an additional load-handling body or load-handling device;
resumption of operation of the substation after a break for more than 6 months in the absence of conservation;
the presence of deformations of soil foundations, buildings and flyovers (for substations installed in buildings and on flyovers);
the need to assess the state of the substation affected by fire, natural disasters or man-made accidents.
10.12. Requirements for maintaining operational documentation
10.12.1. Prior to the entry into force of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 010/2011 "On the safety of machinery and equipment", operational documentation complied with the requirements of GOST 2.601. ESKD. operational documents. After the entry into force of the above regulation, the main regulatory document that the Substation Operations Manual will have to comply with will be GOST 30934.1 (ISO 9928-1) Cranes. Crane manual. Part 1. General provisions.
10.12.2. Drawings and specifications for the repair, reconstruction and modernization of substations, given that these FNR does not apply to design, must be carried out by developers in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.601 and 2.602.
10.12.3. Forms of certificates for certification of crane operators, workers of the main professions, adjusters of indicators, limiters and registrars, as well as
The specialist responsible for the safe operation of the substation;
The specialist responsible for maintaining the PS in working condition;
The specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using PS will be advisory in nature, similar requirements for registers and registration of load handling devices, forms of work permits, etc.
VI. Operation of PS OPO
Quality control. Requirements for the final documentation
94. The design documentation used in the repair, reconstruction or modernization of the substation, as well as the final documentation based on the results of the work performed, should include repair working drawings and, if necessary, a description of the sequence of work and the performance of critical operations.
95. The organization performing the repair, reconstruction or modernization of the substation must perform the specified work in accordance with the developed specifications, if these requirements are not in the manual (instruction) for the operation of the substation. In the case of welding, the specifications must be developed taking into account paragraphs 68 - 82 of these FNP and contain instructions on the metals and welding materials used, methods for controlling the quality of welding, rejection rates for welded joints, as well as the procedure for accepting individual units and finished products from repair.
96. On the repair drawings of the elements of the steel structure of the substation, the following must be indicated:
damaged areas to be repaired or replaced;
materials used for replacement;
deformed elements and sections of elements to be corrected by editing, with the appointment of the editing method;
types of welded joints and methods for their implementation;
types of processing of welds after welding;
methods and standards for the control of welded joints (places subject to control or verification);
permissible deviations from the nominal dimensions.
97. Monitoring compliance by a specialized organization with the requirements of TS, repair drawings and technology for the production of repair work should be carried out by the service of the technical control department (hereinafter referred to as QCD) of a specialized organization performing repair work.
98. Quality control of repair (reconstruction, modernization) of the PS must be confirmed by the Protocol. The quality control of the repair of the rail track must be confirmed by the certificate of acceptance of the rail track (for substations moving on rails).
99. Upon completion of the repair, reconstruction or modernization of the substation, the specialized organization is obliged to make an entry in the passport of the substation reflecting the nature of the work performed and provide information (copies of certificates) on the materials used.
100. An organization that has performed repairs, reconstructions of poor quality, is liable in accordance with applicable law.
101. The performance of construction and installation works, loading and unloading works on existing communications, the roadway of streets or in cramped conditions at HIFs using PS must be carried out in accordance with the PPR developed by the operating or specialized organization, in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 159 - 167 of these FNP.
Responsibility for the quality and compliance with the industrial safety requirements of the WEP lies with its developer.
The operation of the substation with deviations from the requirements of the PPR is not allowed. Changes to the PPR are carried out by the developer of the PPR.
102. Loading and unloading operations and warehousing of goods using PS at bases, warehouses, open areas, in cases other than those specified in paragraph 101 of these FNR, must be carried out in accordance with the TC developed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 159 - 167 of these FNR.
The responsibility for the quality and compliance with industrial safety requirements of the TC lies with its developer.
Operation of the substation with deviations from the requirements of the Labor Code is not allowed. Changes to the TC are carried out by the TC developer.
103. Installation of the substation in buildings, open areas and other areas of work should be carried out in accordance with the manual (instruction) for the operation of the substation and the requirements of these FNR.
104. The device of the rail track for the installation of the substation must be carried out in accordance with the project, developed taking into account the requirements of the manual (instruction) for the operation of the substation and paragraphs 202 - 218 of these FNP.
105. Cranes must be installed in such a way that when lifting the load, it is not necessary to first pull it up with the inclined position of the cargo ropes and it would be possible to move the load lifted at least 500 mm higher than the equipment, stacks of goods, rolling stock on the way.
The booms of cranes, when they are rotated or moved, must also be at least 500 mm higher than the equipment and objects encountered on the way.
When installing cranes controlled from the floor or by radio, free passage must be provided for the worker operating the crane.
106. Installation of cranes above production premises for lifting and lowering loads through a hatch (opening) in the ceiling is allowed when one room is located directly above the other.
The hatch in the ceiling must have a permanent fence with a height of at least 1000 mm with a solid fence at the bottom to a height of 100 mm with a mandatory light signaling device (illuminated inscription) that warns of both the presence of cargo above the hatch and the lowering of the cargo, as well as the presence of inscriptions prohibiting the presence of people under the transported cargo.
Installation of stationary electric hoists or winches above the production premises for lifting loads through a hatch in the ceiling is not allowed.
107. Installation of cranes moving along an elevated rail track must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
a) the distance from the top of the crane to the ceiling of the building, the lower chord of roof trusses or objects attached to them must be at least 100 mm;
b) the distance from the flooring of the platforms and the gallery of the supporting crane, with the exception of the flooring of the end beams and bogies, to the continuous ceiling or filing of the roof, to the lower belt of the truss trusses and objects attached to them, as well as to the lowest point of the crane operating a tier above, should be at least 1800 mm;
c) the distance from the protruding parts of the ends of the crane to the columns, walls of the building and the railings of the walk-through galleries must be at least 60 mm. This distance is set with a symmetrical arrangement of the crane wheels relative to the rail;
d) the distance from the lower point of the crane (not counting the lifting device) to the floor of the workshop or areas where people can be during the operation of the crane (with the exception of areas intended for crane repair) must be at least 2000 mm. The distance between the lower overall point of the crane cabin and the workshop floor must be at least 2000 mm or (in justified cases) from 500 to 1000 mm;
e) the distance from the lower protruding parts of the crane (not counting the load-handling body) to the equipment located in the coverage area must be at least 400 mm;
f) the distance from the protruding parts of the control cabin and the cabin for servicing trolleys to the wall, equipment, pipelines, protruding parts of the building, columns, roofs of utility rooms and other objects relative to which the cabin moves must be at least 400 mm.
108. The horizontal distance between the protruding parts of a crane moving along a ground crane track and buildings, stacks of goods and other objects located at a height of up to 2000 mm from the ground level or work platforms must be at least 700 mm, and at a height of more than 2000 mm - not less than 400 mm.
The vertical distance from the counterweight console or from the counterweight located under the tower crane console to the platforms where people can be should be at least 2000 mm.
109. Installation of electric hoists and monorail carts with automatic or semi-automatic control, in which the specified PS is not accompanied by a crane operator or operator, should exclude the possibility of touching the building elements, equipment and cargo stacks with the load.
On the route of the specified PS, the presence of people should be excluded. Over the carriageway and over the passages for people, safety ceilings (mesh) must be installed that can withstand a falling load.
110. The installation of cranes moving along a rail track in the protected zone of overhead power lines must be agreed with the owner of the line. Approval for such an installation to perform construction and installation work should be kept together with the PPR.
111. The installation of boom-type cranes, hoists (towers) should be carried out on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not allowed to install a boom-type crane, a hoist (tower) for working on freshly poured uncompacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope exceeding that specified in the passport.
112. The installation of the jib crane must be carried out so that during operation the distance between the rotary part of the crane in any position and buildings, stacks of goods and other objects is at least 1000 mm.
113 . If it is necessary to install a jib or railway crane, loader cranes, hoists (towers) on outriggers, substations are installed on all available outriggers. Strong and stable linings must be placed under the supports in accordance with the operational documentation.
114. Jib cranes, loader cranes, hoists (towers), pipe-laying cranes at the edge of the slope of the pit (ditch) must be installed in compliance with the distances specified in table 2, given in Appendix No. 2 to these FNR. With a pit depth of more than 5 m and if it is impossible to comply with the distances indicated in the table, the slope must be strengthened in accordance with the PPR.
115. Installation and operation of boom-type cranes, hoists (towers), pipe-laying cranes at a distance of less than 30 m from the outermost wire of a power line or an overhead electrical network with a voltage of more than 42 V are carried out only according to a work permit that determines safe working conditions.
When performing work in the security zone of the power line or within the gaps established by the Rules for the Protection of High-Voltage Electric Networks, a work permit is issued only with the permission of the organization operating the power line.
The order of operation of cranes, hoists (towers) or pipe-laying cranes near a power transmission line made with a flexible insulated cable is determined by the owner of the line. The issuance of a work permit in this case is not required.
The duration of the work permit is determined by the organization that issued it.
The work permit is issued to the operator of the lift (tower) or crane operator before starting work.
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