Coating waterproofing for concrete. An overview of liquid waterproofing for the protection of concrete surfaces. Waterproofing additives include

Hydraulic isolation of concrete with special compounds is important in the construction of new buildings, and the preservation of existing ones. At proper processing old foundations with protective materials from dampness, the buildings are still in operation for a long period. The most common drawback of old buildings is the corrosion of iron fittings. The applied means allow you to get rid of the disadvantage and operate concrete buildings longer.

Penetration into the finished structure of an aggressive environment and salt substances destroys concrete and iron from the inside. Therefore, additives in concrete for waterproofing can prevent such factors. Treatments are also used to achieve the same result on finished structures.

Description of the concrete waterproofing process

Penetrating concrete waterproofing uses a wide variety of preparations offered by the industry. But some of them have proven themselves better than others and are chosen by builders more often. Penetron concrete waterproofing belongs to the category of the most selected materials. It processes strategically important buildings, such as bridges, or rather their concrete part, which descends into water streams, concrete walls embankments that protect cities from rising waters in rivers. Also, the composition is able to protect the structure from temperature extremes and constant exposure to water. For a long time hydraulic isolation means were used, which covered only the surface with a protective layer in the form of a film coating, and with a small scratch, water flows seeped inside and continued their destructive property.

Now new tests have made it possible to create a material that is very different in composition from the previous ones, which, covering the concrete part, not only insulates it from above, but also penetrates inside, seeping through all possible ways, small capillaries and depressions. He, processing concrete, copes with corrosion and destruction.

Benefits of Penetrating Insulation

Penetrating insulation allows you to contain the impact on concrete of such factors as:
The high content of chlorine in water, which destroys the metal parts of the concrete structure and corrodes the metal,
Frequent wetting of a structure located on the street, exposure to concrete changes in the seasons, radiation during solar activity. Penetron, connecting with a concrete carrier, increases its density, which allows it to stoically resist the effects of aggression from nature.
The composition, when it hits the recesses and small cracks, filling them, produces a process of overgrowing, that is, they are drawn in by the mixture and completely disappear.

How to work with a mixture of Penetron

The use of a building mixture involves diluting it with water to the state of thick sour cream and applying it to a surface moistened with water in advance. You can spread the composition with a brush or roller. First, corners and places with grooves and cracks are processed. Then it is rolled over all the necessary part of the concrete.

When applied, the components of the creamy mixture penetrate into the thickness through the capillaries and recesses and clog them. When interacting with the concrete base, an impregnated crystalline crust is formed, which strengthens and makes the concrete durable. Crystals prevent the penetration of moisture, but freely pass air flows, which allows you to maintain a favorable atmosphere in buildings. Applied, the Penetron mixture can be used to treat external walls and in the middle of buildings, which will create a completely impenetrable protection.

In other words, this is an effective composition that comprehensively treats concrete and, in the event of any damage and cracks, the mixture, using crystalline formations, tightens problem areas and the protection becomes complete again.

Liquid waterproofing method

Liquid concrete waterproofing is the next processing method. The adhesion of every millimeter is important point. Otherwise, what is the use of processing if it is not stuck on the entire surface and will have gaps.

This occurs when applying rolled hydraulic insulators, through which air penetrates in some places, followed by water.

The complexity of processing a concrete base is that it is difficult to make it even and rough, wavy surfaces do not allow for good hydraulic insulation. This is where the method comes to the rescue, in which full coverage is made and the impossibility of passes arises. Liquid rubber will cover the entire surface, both before leveling and after it.

To apply liquid hydraulic insulation to the floor, a preliminary screed is made, but only in order to save material. But in those cases when it is necessary to make hydraulic insulation inside the concrete, that is, to make it and fill and screed from above, liquid rubber is just what is needed.

The more curved the surface, the harder it is to make a complete hydraulic isolation, but this does not apply to the composition of liquid rubber, it freely covers up all structural errors.

Another important fact is that liquid rubber can be applied to not completely dry concrete layer. That is, the rubber composition applied to the concrete base, which was poured five days ago, will waterproof it and will not lag behind anywhere, and hydraulic protection can be made on the floor part already on the third day after pouring.

Bituminous and other insulators work only on a dried and cleanly cleaned substrate. Before applying, you need to check that there are no puddles left on the base, they are not visible to the eye, so you can run your hand and see if it is dry or not. If there are places where the hand feels a little moisture, you need to dry these areas. How to dry, you can get wet with a piece of foam rubber. If the hand does not feel moisture, and the surface is cold and slightly damp, you can spray rubber protection.

Rubber makes a complete seamless spacesuit on the entire surface. That is, when coated, there is not even a hint of any connecting overlap. There is a complete steam and hydraulic isolation. It turns out that the area treated with rubber is wrapped around from all sides. Excellent protection from exposure to moisture and gaseous substances.

Benefits of liquid rubber

Formaldehyde, causes minor damage:

• Hydrochloric acid, harms only at high temperatures,
• Hydrogen sulfide does not cause any harm.

Liquid rubber keeps concrete bases from water and chemicals, but does not keep from mechanical breaks. Therefore, usually a screed is made on top of the applied composition, if it is a floor, and a coating of other materials is applied to the sidewalls.

Waterproofing materials

If it is necessary to hydraulically isolate the concrete foundation slabs from the outside, then in order to prevent damage, foam or insulation is placed on top of the rubberized base, and this is how the backfill is made.

When waterproofing concrete, various materials are offered, consisting of mastics containing bitumen and polymers. Technoprok produces environmentally friendly and high quality mastic for insulating concrete surfaces.

Do-it-yourself concrete waterproofing can be done with Rapidflex and Technoprok liquid rubber brands. These are emulsion compounds that can be used to process basements and other concrete premises on their own, but using equipment adapted for this. Rubber compounds are not applied with brushes and rollers, they must be sprayed onto the surface so that the liquid is evenly distributed and adheres.

Materials for liquid waterproofing

To work with a brush on your own, you can use liquid rubber coatings, which are available in the form of a paste. Elastopaz or Elastomix materials have such a consistency that they can be worked with a spatula or brush.

In order for these rubbers to adhere well to the concrete base, its surface must be smeared with primers that will contribute to good adhesion of liquid rubber and concrete. Hydraulic isolation liquid formulations rubber produces protection against water and radon.

When using the adapted equipment and spraying the room with rubber, the whole process is as follows. On a well-cleaned surface, vacuumed and free of debris, the application begins, layer by layer of liquid rubber.

During operation, it is advisable not to stop and spray in uniform stripes. All work should be done quickly, as the rubber compound quickly hardens and a solid crust is obtained.

Building protection

Protective work for concrete structures is simply necessary, whatever the concrete, with correct proportions batch, with the addition of an additive to concrete for waterproofing, using a variety of additives, without additional protective film, it will begin to deteriorate and collapse over time. Corrosive processes occur, but if you carry out additional work in terms of protection from them, concrete can serve for a long time.

Concrete buildings built by the ancient Romans have survived to this day, but, of course, now no one plans to build such durable buildings, but for 50-70 years you can keep the foundation in good condition.

When processing and hydraulic isolation in own houses should be used to close all kinds of cracks and processing corners special formulations. Mastic for waterproofing concrete will close access to moisture through small cracks formed during drying. The entire surface is treated with it before applying any type of hydraulic insulation, except for penetrating and using liquid glass. In all other ways, it will help improve the water-repellent work of hydraulic insulation, fill and level construction errors and prevent the concrete base from starting to collapse at joints and chips.

Liquid glass for waterproofing

There are several options for hydraulic isolation, which are used for work on large construction sites and for water protection of domestic buildings. Waterproofing concrete with liquid glass is one of the options. At home, it is used quite rarely, since the composition has the ability to quickly crystallize and solidify. Of course, sometimes when building pits for storing water supplies, in the mixed concrete, before it is poured into the prepared and installed formwork, liquid glass in powder form. It is quickly stirred, and the composition is compacted in the formwork.

This supplement allows long time maintain the integrity of the concrete and prevent water from escaping. In addition, the added powder protects against the appearance of cracks through which water will seep, but such a pit is short-lived and will eventually have to be further isolated.

Construction crews use glass additives when kneading in special equipment, which makes it possible to prevent glass from crystallizing ahead of time and the prepared concrete will be more durable. There are also options for applying glass to the surface. There is sodium glass, which has increased stickiness and interacts well with mineral components. This category is used for additives in the foundation and in the manufacture of antiseptic and fire-resistant impregnations.

Potassium liquid glass is resistant to the effects of the atmosphere and is used in the manufacture of dyes. Liquid glass treatment is often used to protect architectural monuments made of concrete, since the applied glass covers the entire surface with a continuous crystalline film and water with the wind will not be able to destroy the statues. It is also used in places where a fire hazardous situation may occur, and glass, unlike rubber, will not burn and retain a protective layer.

When adding liquid glass to concrete solutions, precautions must be taken. So that the concrete is not spoiled, a quick kneading and rolling or pouring the finished solution is necessary. Before adding liquid glass is diluted in a ratio of 1:2 with water. It can be added to the solution and simply sprayed from the spray bottle onto the surface. A layer of liquid glass will restore the weathered areas of the concrete base and create antiseptic protection.

Description of the work process

Before use, the entire surface is cleaned of dust, leveled and treated with degreasing compounds. For application to the surface, a spray gun is used, while the penetration of glass into concrete occurs by 1-2 mm. If it is necessary to increase the protective layer, then it is necessary to apply several times, thus increasing the penetration to 2 cm.

When processing wooden products, you can put it in a vessel with liquid glass, for complete coverage and impregnation. For basements, 1 liter of glass can be added to the plaster for every 10 liters of mortar. Liquid glass is used for hydraulic insulation of basements, screeds, wells and other buildings, as well as for corrosion protection of metal. Wooden floors are cleaned before treatment with liquid glass sandpaper. Before starting work, all surfaces are well cleaned.

There are several compositions that are used for hydraulic insulation. Now developed those that do not have a quick drying and can be used at home without the use of special equipment. These compounds are diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2 and applied with a brush on a concrete base. The process is the same as for painting. The composition of the glass has such a feature that if the surface was not quite even, then the use of the composition will even it out, the roughness will be removed and small cracks will close.

The use of a new composition of liquid glass makes it possible at home to make a quick hydraulic protection of basements, bathrooms, wooden buildings, concrete sewer drains and wells.

The main event capable of providing comfortable conditions existence, is the fight against dampness in the room. The first material used for waterproofing was animal fat. As an alternative to this expensive water-repellent material, over time, cheaper vegetable fats, tar - a resinous product of dry wood, and natural bitumens began to be used. Vegetable fats and tar became the founders of impregnating waterproofing, natural bitumens formed the basis of the technology for the production of coating and similar roll waterproofing.

Types of impregnating waterproofing

Impregnation waterproofing, due to its ease of implementation, still has not lost popularity. Some materials of this group remained almost unchanged, for example, drying oil, which is a boiled vegetable oil, and tar.

IN modern construction a number of new high-performance impregnations are used: based on oligomeric, acrylic, silicone, epoxy and other synthetic resins.

• As a cheaper alternative to oil impregnation, oligomeric waterproofing has been developed. Such an impregnation is made from products of oil refining and is a material similar in composition and properties to machine oil and diesel fuel. The protective effect of oligomeric waterproofing is based on the non-wettability of carbohydrates. The main difficulty in using such waterproofing is the need to apply it on dry surfaces, which is impossible in already operated damp rooms. In addition, these impregnations contain organic solvents that smell for some time.

Insulating emulsions have been developed to work on wet walls and to remove the smell of organic solvents. In such a waterproofing composition, non-wettable organic particles are distributed in small drops in an aqueous solution. When it hits a wet concrete structure, water carries greasy drops deep into the array. Inside concrete element organic particles stick together, making the concrete waterproof. The most common emulsions are acrylics and silicones.

• Acrylic impregnations It is not entirely correct to call "impregnations". Part of the polymer in the form of a film remains on the surface. More effective are impregnations based on modified acrylic - acrylic-styrenes, methacryls, acrylic-butadienes and other copolymers. This group includes the compositions "Polyrem VD-1624", "Hard", "Elastic", "Folbit 800", "Ceresit ST 17". Close relatives of such impregnations are acrylic and polymer water repellents, which differ more deep penetration deep into the concrete and a less pronounced film on the surface.
• To the group silicone impregnations it is natural to include silanes, siliconates, siloxanes, and other silicon-containing polymers. Despite the difference in the structure of these compositions, they are united by close properties. Silicones easily copolymerize with silicates - sand, cement, gravel, glass, as well as varnishes, paints and plastic materials. The following silicone impregnations are on the market: Aquasil, AC-10, Polyrem VD-1915, Ceresit ST 17. These compositions are recommended for surface application.

The main advantage of silicone impregnations is the ability to form a single whole with the mineral elements of the building, by covering the pores, cracks and capillaries of concrete from the inside with a continuous film.

Penetrating waterproofing: types and main characteristics

A new kind of protection concrete structures from moisture is a waterproofing for concrete penetrating action. Impregnation can be a colorless liquid, paste or powder diluted with water, but their principle of operation is similar. Water-soluble waterproofing elements penetrate concrete to a depth of 100-300 mm, enter into a chemical reaction with lime, which is always present inside concrete, and other substances. The products formed as a result of this interaction have low solubility in water, so they begin to quickly crystallize out of solution. This forms crystals. special kind- bundles or brushes of needles directed with their points inside the pores. The force of surface tension does not allow the liquid to spread, seep between the needles and wet them.

Crystals, occupying a small part of the pore, make it impervious to moisture penetration, but do not completely prevent the movement of steam. Such selectivity of the action of waterproofing leads to a rapid drying of the concrete structure and the formation of resistance to subsequent wetting.

Representatives of penetrating waterproofing: "Viatron", "Gidrosit BS", "Hydrotex", "Carat-P", "Osmosil", "Penetron", "Slurry", "Ceresit СR 90". Some of these materials combine the characteristics of impregnating and penetrating waterproofing.

The combination of Penetron and Penekrit materials is used to prevent water filtration through cracks, crevices, joints, conjugations and junctions. These waterproofing compounds include: cement, quartz sand with certain size granules, chemically active additives.

In this video, you can see how to apply waterproofing for Penetron concrete with your own hands, and understand the principle of its action (and the action of similar additives):

Coating waterproofing properties

At first glance, impregnating and coating waterproofing are similar: they are applied to the surface of a concrete element and penetrate into the body of the material. Their difference lies in the mechanism of their action. The role of impregnating waterproofing is to hydrophobize the surface of pores, cracks and capillaries. That is, the impregnation works in the volume of the concrete element.

The coating composition, on the contrary, works on the surface, penetrating into the material just enough to ensure reliable adhesion to concrete. A great responsibility is assigned to this thin layer, so the requirements for it are very stringent. These requirements are increased if the waterproofing layer is applied from the side that resists water pressure. In this case, the water does not press the waterproofing against the wall, but, on the contrary, tears it off. Therefore, waterproofing must have the following characteristics:

• high adhesion to the protected layer;
• waterproof and waterproof;
• crack resistance and elasticity.

Many requirements, sometimes conflicting, for insulating materials of this group, led to the emergence of many specific types, differing from each other in the degree of modification, phase composition and type of binder.

Difference of coating waterproofing by binder

According to the type of binder, coating waterproofing is divided into mineral and organic.

• Cement-based waterproofing compounds are produced and delivered to the consumer in dry form in bags or plastic buckets. Dry mixes in working condition lead to construction site by mixing them with water to form a paste. Work must be carried out immediately after the preparation of the mixture, until it solidifies. Coating waterproofings on a mineral binder include Polyrem SGi-605, Stromix - protection against dampness, Ceresit CR-65, Elastoliqvid, Seal Coat. For amplification waterproofing properties use a polymer latex dispersion. In this case, the waterproofing is called two-component. It goes on sale in a set of two units: dry powder in a bag or bucket and dispersion - in a bucket or canister. The expected effect is achieved only when both components are combined.

For liquidation emergencies special formulations are used main feature which is a quick setting in contact with water, and, in the process of hardening, the expansion of the composition occurs. Such compositions are called filling, their family includes: Hydrotex B, Lakhta - water plug, Polyrem SGi-631, Ceresit CX 5, Carat-Fix.

• In Group coating waterproofing on an organic binder, bitumen-based mastics have been and remain leaders. To improve elasticity and increase adhesion to the base, synthetic rubbers and latexes are added to bitumen, which makes it possible to obtain modified mastics. These include Ceresit CL 51 and Ceresit CL 50, which are based on synthetic resins. Waterproofing "Asoflex-R2M-Boden" and "Hyper-Desmo" are made on the basis of polyurethane, "Germo-Butyl-2M-U" - on butyl rubber.

Materials for roll waterproofing

Rolled waterproofing is a bitumen-polymer binder applied to a fiberglass or non-woven polyester base. The upper surface of the waterproofing material is covered with a protective mineral dressing, polymer film or sand, the lower surface is covered with a polymer film.

Fiberglass bases have low elasticity and the ability to perceive a significant tensile force at small deformations. Polyester is a more elastic material and is able to elongate by almost 40% without tearing. Therefore, polyester-based rolled waterproofing is used in structures where its strong deformations are possible.

Before applying the waterproofing layer, the base must be carefully prepared, before the direct laying of the material - primed. The number of layers of rolled waterproofing depends on the strength and type of water load.

Waterproofing materials on the market Russian production- "Steklobit", "Technoplast" and imported products - geomembranes made of high and low pressure polyethylene from NAUE, self-adhesive waterproofing Ceresit BT 21, BT 12, BT 85, BT 85 R, BT 85 SR.

Additives for improving the waterproofing of concrete

In addition to water-repellent materials applied to the surface building structures, for the development of a number of special additives in concrete for waterproofing. Such compositions, introduced into the concrete mixture during its manufacture, increase the water resistance of concrete. Additives of this group improve not only waterproofing, but also other properties of the material. They make waterproofing additives for concrete from polymers that have the ability to grow into concrete mix, closing the cracks and hydrotunnels formed during the hardening of the material.

Technologies for the use of additives are determined by their type. Many dry mixes for waterproofing are used in combination with other modifiers, such as frost-resistant additives and plasticizers.

The ratio of dry composition and water is indicated in the instructions supplied by the additive manufacturers.

The introduction of waterproofing additives into the concrete mixture during its preparation avoids unnecessary costs for the protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from the damaging effects of moisture.

Waterproofing materials for concrete, 4.0 out of 5 based on 20 ratings

Recently, quite often there are cases when penetrating materials are used as the main waterproofing element, which WRONG.

Penetrating compounds can be used as one of the elements in the chain of systemic waterproofing materials, but not as the main one. These materials are easy to use, effective when a new structure has leaked (basement, underground garage, etc.), but consider them as universal remedy for all occasions - WRONG, especially since they also have limitations (large pores, old leached concrete, etc.).

When repairing an old base, when the external pores are oily or clogged, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of plaster and degrease it, opening access to the capillary system. Moreover, this cannot be done with a simple iron brush - it must be cleaned thoroughly, preferably with sand or high-pressure water. There are other significant points that limit the use of penetrating waterproofing.

The problem of waterproofing foundations in active contact with water, as well as in cases with limited access to the outside of the foundation, is that the use of traditional waterproofing materials does not always lead to effective protection against water and moisture. To further enhance the waterproofing properties of a concrete structure (foundation), waterproofing is recommended to be made of penetrating materials with inside protected structures (basements).

Penetrating waterproofing - cement-sand mixture using chemical additives.

Fundamental difference penetrating compositions from all other materials - the formation of a waterproofing layer not on the surface of the foundation, but in its considerable thickness (the penetration depth of active chemical components can reach 10-12 cm).

Application

• waterproofing of surfaces of concrete and reinforced concrete structures;
• waterproofing of foundations and basements that are actively in contact with water;
• in combination with surface waterproofing of the foundation at a high level of groundwater.

Advantages

• improving the water resistance of concrete structures (and ONLY! concrete);
• formation of a waterproofing layer in the mass of concrete;
• the possibility of processing the outer and inner surfaces of the structure, regardless of the direction of water pressure;
• applied to a damp surface, there is no need to dry the concrete.

The main advantage of penetrating materials is the ability to protect the structure from moisture penetration from the outside. That's why this type waterproofing found wide application during the reconstruction of basements and semi-basements, when external waterproofing no longer possible to perform.

FLAWS

• used for waterproofing on crack-resistant concrete structures;
• anti-capillary protection brick walls does not provide (due to the absence of substances necessary for the reaction in the brick);
• not used for waterproofing walls made of porous materials (foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) due to the large pore size;
• not recommended for use on foundation blocks prefabricated ( trouble spot are the joints between them).

Combination of penetrating waterproofing on stable substrates and elastic waterproofing on foundations subject to deformation, it can solve many problems of waterproofing in the repair and reconstruction of underground structures.

Penetrating waterproofing mechanism

The waterproofing mixture is mixed with water and applied to the wet concrete surface. The effect of waterproofing is achieved by filling the capillary-porous structure of concrete with insoluble crystals.

Active chemical additives that make up the material, penetrating into the concrete, enter into a chemical reaction with the components of the concrete mixture, forming insoluble compounds (crystals), which create a continuous barrier that prevents the ingress of water.

The process of concrete compaction develops in depth upon contact with water molecules and stops in its absence. Upon new contact with water, the reaction resumes.

The depth of penetration into the concrete body of active chemical components can reach tens of centimeters. Micropores, capillaries and microcracks with a width (diameter) up to 0.3-0.4 mm, filled with products of chemical reactions, increase the water resistance of concrete by 2-3 steps.

As a result, the penetrating waterproofing becomes an integral part of the concrete, thus forming compacted waterproof concrete.

A huge selection on the market are different types of liquid emulsions and various mastics. Such demand is justified by the low cost and simple use of the material. Liquid waterproofing for concrete is divided into two types:

• liquid glass;

Waterproofing as liquid rubber

If insulation is used with liquid rubber (a water base using polymer-bitumen material), a cold compound is applied to the concrete. Organic emulsion can be applied in several ways:

• spray gun;
• brush;
• roller.

If you use a spray gun, the work will be done faster. It is necessary to detail the bitumen into small pieces (almost powder) and mix with water. Such a composition has minimal properties of heat and electrical conductivity. Its versatility is its main advantage. It is applied to surfaces different kind: plastic, stone, concrete and even iron. Bitumen in liquid form is used for the purpose of waterproofing bases, ceilings, walls and artificial reservoirs. This list is not complete, the range of application is quite voluminous. Some craftsmen may add automotive paint to the mixture.

The advantage of this mixture is the absolute absence of seams. Concrete, as a material, is quite difficult to use. It has a rough surface and is covered with irregularities around the perimeter. That's why a liquid emulsion is used, which makes the top coat complete and creates a kind of film that prevents moisture from getting inside. In general, it has its advantages:

• resistance to external stimuli (changes in humidity and temperature);
• harmlessness organic matter; simple and fast application of the material;
• the elasticity of the mixture;
• even and continuous coating (increases the moisture resistance of the material);
• you can paint different areas if there was their deformation.

There are also negative aspects that can affect the quality of the material:

• until the treated area is completely dry, it must be protected to avoid chips and damage to the coating;
• to increase the service life of the material, it must be covered with external protection;
• the mixture has a rich black color, which attracts the sun's rays like a magnet.

Therefore, it is necessary to paint the perimeter in a light color (without the use of a solvent) after the mixture has completely dried. It is better to apply waterproofing on a dry base, if the mixture is applied to a wet area, this can lead to the destruction of the structure. Coatings based on organic solvents and containing bitumen are used for well ventilated rooms and outdoor areas. It is also best to use them in small areas.

Such a mixture, even after complete drying, will remain elastic. This good property, since with the deformation of the structure itself, the appearance of chips, cracks - the coating will only stretch a little. When compared with liquid glass, there will be no such effect.

Principles and technology of applying liquid rubber

First you need to prepare the surface for work. It must be cleaned, dismantled old sections, if necessary, remove moisture and degrease. Liquid bituminous coating can be applied even at the stage of hardening of the concrete mixture, immediately a couple of days after pouring. Such a process will not affect the waterproofing and the foundation itself. For good adhesion of the waterproofing to the base, the surface must be treated with a primer. Insulation with bituminous material should be carried out in non-hot seasons, if it is carried out in the summer (at a temperature of 50 ° C.), then the quality of the mixture will decrease significantly. The emulsion itself is applied using a compressor, optimum thickness layer should be 3-4 mm.

After the material must completely harden, this happens approximately 5 hours after laying, at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. The coating is applied in two layers, but not earlier than in a day. There is one caveat - if bituminous waterproofing apply with a roller or brush, then the first layer must be done with up / down movements. And already the second layer to the right / left. With this application of the material, the consumption will be 1 m 2 per liter for one layer.

If it is not possible to apply a bituminous coating, then concrete waterproofing with liquid glass is used. When the solution interacts with concrete pavement, the mixture penetrates into all depressions, cracks in the form of crystals, such a solution is also waterproof. This waterproofing is used on all surfaces and areas as the previous one. The main difference of the coating is its property as an antiseptic - it prevents the formation of fungus on the surface. The service life of such material exceeds five years.

When using liquid glass, waterproofing happens:

• coating;
• penetrating.

A coating of silicate mortar is applied with a brush in one or two layers. Then the surface must be treated with a different material, for example, rolled, to protect the previous base. With this treatment, the solution fills all the irregularities of the cement. This method can be used even by a beginner, as it is quite simple to use.

Penetrating insulation is used locally, in places where seams, joints are sealed and, if necessary, on hastily fix the leak. You can add glass to the concrete mortar itself, during the first work at a construction site.

Liquid glass: features

If you need to protect the surface from moisture, waterproofing with liquid glass is used. It is worth remembering that its crystals quickly harden. To save material, it is better to seek help from specialists.

The main advantages of the material:

• low consumption of the composition;
• low cost;
• good adhesion of the mixture to the base;
• after covering the area, a surface with a water-repellent effect is created.

The disadvantages of such a mixture include:

• the composition is not elastic;
• the solution hardens in a short time, there are difficulties in applying;
• used only as an additive to other types of materials.

How to make the composition: proportions

If glass needs to be added to concrete, then first the mixture is diluted with water, in a ratio of 1:15 or 1:10, then immediately added to cement. Before processing, the surface must be well cleaned and scraped off. The composition after application penetrates into the surface by 2-3 mm approximately. If necessary, the layer can be made larger. At 100% of the volume of the concrete mixture, the glass should be no more than 5%. With a higher percentage, the mixture will quickly harden, it is harder to work with such a solution.

In order for the glass structure not to change its appearance, the composition needs to be mixed only once. The work should be done quickly until the solution hardens completely. There are other ratios of mixtures:

• if used as an impregnation, then the proportion of water and glass is 1 to 0.4;
• as a plaster, the ratio of glass, cement and sand is 1:2:5;
• if the composition is used for the base and basement - 10: 1 (ratio cement mortar to glass).

Basic rules for working with liquid glass material

The mixture has a fairly thick consistency, quickly hardens and does not flow out of cracks and wall defects. When combined with water, an alkaline reaction occurs, although in its form the substance is harmless. In case of contact with skin, rinse immediately running water. When working with liquid glass, rubber gloves should be used. You can apply the composition in several ways:

• roller;
• brush;
• spray gun.

Before applying the composition, you need to treat the surface well - remove all contaminants, if you even need to scrape off old areas and defects. Then prime the surface and degrease (putty is used for this). Important nuance- glass is never introduced into the finished cement mixture. At the mixing stage, it is added dry to concrete.

The waterproofing process itself is not so complicated if you follow the instructions:

1. First you need to clean the surface with sandpaper or a metal brush.
2. Apply primer and degrease.
3. Apply the composition in two layers, to improve the quality, you can use 3 or even 4 layers. When applying the composition, first take a spatula, then to eliminate minor defects (bubbles) pass the surface with a roller.
4. At the end of the work, you can walk with a squeegee.

The waterproofing layer will average 4-5 mm. Each layer is applied after at least 30 minutes.

Why does concrete need to be insulated? This is necessary to protect the base from moisture and corrosion, even if the composition has been correctly calculated and laid.

Over time, any coating can deform. Liquid concrete waterproofing provides reliability and ease of use.

For guard concrete surfaces From the effects of moisture, many varieties of waterproofing coatings have been developed today. Materials can be:

• painting;
• pasting;
• coating;
• penetrating.

But if the goal of protecting concrete structures was set at the construction stage, then such work can be carried out not only from the outside, but also from the inside. This task can be dealt with by applying a waterproofing layer or by adding special substances to the solution. Which materials are better to use, you can understand if you read the information below.

Adhesive and coating materials for concrete waterproofing

Concrete waterproofing can be done with adhesive or coating materials. They are made from polymers. Before applying the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to level the surface, and as a result, it will be possible to obtain a dense and durable film that has water-repellent qualities. But these materials have one important disadvantage, it is expressed in the fact that over time the layer begins to move away from the surface, eventually leaks form, dictating the need for repairs.

Rolled waterproofing of concrete using bituminous materials like roofing material is cheap, but also has disadvantages. If a concrete floor is waterproofed using this technology, then you should additionally stock up on gasoline or gas burner, with the help of one of which it will be necessary to heat up and glue the layers together. This creates inconvenience, which is especially true for small rooms.

Among other things, during the heating process, bad smell and smoke. If the waterproofing of concrete will be carried out with the help of roofing material, then after its laying it is necessary to equip an additional layer of screed, which will certainly reduce the height of the ceilings, creating a load on the foundation.

Penetrating waterproofing

To eliminate the problems that were described above, you can use penetrating insulation. It has the form of a mixture of chemically active additives, quartz sand and cement. Such a composition is applied to the surface, which ensures the filling of small pores, voids and microcracks. As a result, it is possible to form a monolithic surface, which has high strength characteristics. If use this method in rooms with high humidity, it is additionally necessary to use sealants and water-repellent mastics.

Classification of penetrating insulation for concrete

Penetrating concrete waterproofing can be:

• concreting;
• polymer cement;
• cement.

The first variety is frost-resistant, has high density and strength. Concrete penetrating waterproofing can be used as an additive for mixing mortar for waterproof high-strength structures, resulting in high quality products.

It is also possible to use similar compositions to create a protective reinforcing layer. Polymer-cement waterproofing has good adhesion to the material and has high strength. This tool can be used to treat concrete, brick and wood surfaces.

The technology is environmentally friendly and quite easy to use. Application can be carried out on wet or dry surfaces. Cement inorganic concrete waterproofing can be used for wall and floor treatment. This is very convenient for those rooms whose conditions are characterized by high humidity, among them:

• bathrooms;
• laundries;
• pools.

The main advantage of the materials is that ceramic tiles can be laid on them.

Seamless waterproofing

This technique is also called liquid film. This uses materials suitable for the treatment of all surfaces in bathrooms, kitchens, toilets and rooms where treatment of areas with high humidity. The product can be applied with a spatula, roller or brush.

Initially, the joints between the walls and floor slabs are processed, after which the mixture is applied to the floor surface, and a waterproofing tape is needed, which is pressed into the mixture with a roller or manually. In those places where there are drains, it is necessary to install waterproofing cuffs. Then the agent is applied again. The layer should be uniform, it is important to exclude gaps. The composition should go on the wall by 35 cm. It should be left for 2 hours in natural drying conditions. Then the surface is treated again and dried for 12 hours. If the work is done according to the rules, then problems with fungus and dampness should not arise.

Using bituminous mastic for waterproofing

Waterproofing of the concrete surface can be carried out using bituminous mastic. This material is quite popular due to a number of positive characteristics, among them are:

• elasticity;
• availability;
• ease of application;
• wide area of ​​use.

Mastic has the quality of elasticity. It is expressed in the ability to compress and stretch. With this material, it is possible to create high level adhesion of the base to the coating. The dried layer does not tear when exposed high temperatures, does not form cracks and copes well with changes in the dimensions of the base.

If you are looking for a compromise between quality and price, then you should cast aside doubts and choose bituminous mastic, because it has high quality and is inexpensive. As a result of its application, it is possible to obtain a reliable and durable coating. There is no need to use professional equipment. And not only concrete surfaces, but also brick, metal, and also wooden ones can act as a basis.

Varieties of bituminous mastics and features of their use

If you will be waterproofing concrete, it is important to consider materials for such work. Among others, bituminous mastic should be distinguished. For creating quality coverage you need to bring the composition to a state of minimum viscosity, this can be done in several ways:

• mixing with solvents;
• heating;
• emulsification in water.

Bituminous mastic is a composition that is made on the basis of the material of the same name with the addition of additives, namely:

• antiseptics;
• modifiers;
• plasticizers.

Bituminous mastic can be used to perform repairs or in the construction area. It is also good because it is suitable for waterproofing measures on the surface. complex shape, which have transitions and adjacencies. In the mentioned cases, the mastic is the only right decision, which makes it possible to achieve good result. On sale you can find several varieties of mastics. The hot composition has oxidized bitumen and fillers of mineral origin among the ingredients. Before using this mixture, the material should be heated so that it becomes ductile.

The application is carried out in hot form, during the cooling process a seamless, even coating is formed, which is inaccessible to water penetration. You can choose to waterproof with bituminous cold mastics. They can be created on water based or solvent based. In the latter case, we are talking about a mixture that has organic solvents in the composition. After applying the material, they evaporate, and the concrete forms a coating that reliably waterproofs the surface. Shrinkage at the time of drying is a feature of this waterproofing. The degree of shrinkage will depend on the amount of solvent. It is not necessary to warm up such waterproofing, and a brush or roller can be used for application.

bituminous emulsion

Another name for water-based mastic is bituminous emulsion. For the preparation of the composition, polymer modifiers and emulsifiers are used. Bitumen can be contained in waterproofing in the amount of 20 to 70%. This concrete waterproofing mix is ​​non-toxic, odorless, can be applied to wet surfaces and has a short drying time.

Additives for concrete waterproofing

Today, additives in concrete for waterproofing are quite common. They improve the quality of the designs. The amount of cement can be reduced, while the brand remains unchanged. The most effective additives are for obtaining high marks concrete, including:

• superplasticizers;
• waterproofing additives.

Additional features of additives

The action of the described additives is aimed at increasing the water resistance of the material by reducing porosity. The substance fills the capillaries and voids, seals the structure. Sealing additives are most often found in the composition of polymers. They are able to increase water resistance to W8W12 level. This goal can be achieved with the help of superplasticizers and plasticizers. They make concrete more fluid, and air bubbles freely rise to the top, resulting in reduced porosity.

Modern solution

Crystal-forming hydrotechnical and penetrating additives in concrete for waterproofing are more modern. With their help, it is possible to achieve the formation of crystals in pores and capillaries. The substance that fills the structure of concrete does not dissolve in water. If, after the concrete has hardened, water enters it, then the substances begin to swell and fill the voids.

As a result, even small cracks are repaired independently. This method of waterproofing is quite expensive. But if the concrete has a high density, then the method is not suitable. With the help of hydraulic additives, it is possible to increase the water resistance to a level within W18-W20. These compositions are actively used in the creation of concrete monolithic foundations, water tanks and pools.

Liquid waterproofing

Liquid waterproofing for concrete is offered for sale in several varieties. Among others, liquid rubber should be distinguished, which is sprayed onto the surface of the structure. After drying, it remains elastic, and when the soil moves and the house shrinks, the waterproofing remains intact. It stretches where cracks form.

Liquid waterproofing for concrete is applied to a dry surface. It is susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, and given that its color is black, the coating will attract maximum sunlight. The rubber surface of the aerial part of the foundation must be hidden under the finish or painted in light colors.

Liquid glass

Today, liquid glass is often added to concrete for waterproofing, while it is important to observe the proportions. The volume of material should not exceed 10% of the total mass of the solution. When it comes to industrial scale, cubic meter 72 liters are added, which is 7%. This allows you to create material with the best technical specifications. If you intend to prepare concrete at home, then you should follow the proportion of 1 to 10.

Waterproofing "Penetron"

Penetrating waterproofing for concrete "Penetron" is a dry mixture of special cement, active chemical additives and quartz sand. "Penetron" is used for monolithic and prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete structures. With the help of the solution, you can increase the indicators of water resistance, frost resistance and strength. The material perfectly protects the structure from the effects of the following aggressive environments:

• alkalis;
• acids;
• sea ​​water;
• groundwater and wastewater.

Internal penetrating waterproofing brand "Lakhta"

Internal waterproofing of concrete can be carried out using a product under the Lakhta brand. A substance is used to prevent leakage of liquid under positive and negative water pressure. The composition is represented by a dry mix based on cement using quality sand and chemical additives. Lakhta penetrates into the concrete structure by 12 mm.

After preparing the solution, it must be used within half an hour. Working temperature environment varies from +5-35 °С. This internal concrete waterproofing is applied to the open pores of the material. To do this, the surface is pre-cleaned of dirt, dust and cement film.