For the construction of the foundation of any type of building, concrete structures are widely used. Due to the porous structure, concrete passes moisture well, which in a short time will lead to swelling. wood flooring and deformation finishing materials. Concrete reinforcement will begin to collapse.
Therefore, concrete waterproofing is an important and necessary step building a house, which must be approached competently and responsibly. As a result of such work, the hydrophobicity of the concrete structure increases.
General rules
Regardless of the method you choose to protect concrete structures from moisture penetration, you must:
- determine the level ground water;
- determine the degree of swelling of the soil during the cold period;
- take into account the likelihood of flooding during a flood;
- take into account the operating conditions (for warehouses, the level of waterproofing should be much higher).
Materials for waterproofing
Most often, waterproofing materials are qualified according to the technology of application to the protected surface. According to this principle, they are divided into:
- liquid formulations;
- penetrating substances;
- viscous substances;
- roll and tile materials;
- additives for cement-sand mixture.
Execution of work
At high level groundwater, it is necessary to create a drainage system to collect and drain excess fluid into a separate well.
To do this, along the perimeter of the building at a distance of 0.7 m, it is necessary to dig a trench 0.4 m wide with a slope towards the collecting well. Geotextiles are laid in the trench, and a gravel layer of 4–6 cm is placed on top.
Properly designed drainage system on the street will divert melt and groundwater away from the house.
Liquid formulations
Liquid insulating materials are effective and easy to apply to the surface. To do this, use a brush, roller or spray. Liquid rubber provides quality protection with a seamless layer. To perform isolation with your own hands, use Elastopaz or Elastomix.
Elastomix is applied in one layer and hardens in a couple of hours. Elastopaz is applied in two layers, while its cost is lower. Liquid waterproofing concrete requires preliminary priming of the foundation surface.
pros
Advantages:
- high efficiency;
- durability;
- ease of installation;
- possibility of application from the inside.
The disadvantage of this type is the high price.
Penetrating materials are introduced into the concrete structure to a depth of 10 - 20 cm, where they crystallize. Crystals regulate humidity, prevent corrosion, increase frost resistance.
Before waterproofing surfaces, they should be cleaned of dirt and dust. Then the concrete must be treated with weak solutions of acids and water. Penetrating waterproofing anti-capillary materials, such as Penetron and its analogues, are applied to wet concrete in several layers. To do this, use a brush or spray. Most often they are used to protect against moisture from the inside.
Positive traits
Penetrating compounds have undeniable advantages:
- efficiency;
- high resistance to mechanical damage;
- frost resistance;
- strength and wear resistance;
- duration of operation.
There is only one drawback - the slow process of protection formation, since crystals in concrete grow for a long time.
Elastic waterproofing
Viscous mastics and polymeric materials are applied to surfaces in a cold and hot state. Especially often, bituminous mastics are used for waterproofing concrete structures due to their low cost and their characteristics:
- strength;
- elasticity;
- environmental friendliness.
Mounting technology
Technological process of application coating waterproofing does not cause problems, everything can be done by hand. The first thing to do is to inspect the surfaces. If chips and cracks are found, they must be cemented. Protruding edges should be cleaned. With a heat gun or building hair dryer dry the base.
In order for the mastic to adhere better, it is applied to the primer, which must be completely dry. Using a brush, roller or staple, the mastic is applied to the protected surfaces in several layers.
Each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has dried.
You can also use the pouring method.
In multilayer bituminous coatings introduce reinforcing meshes. Therefore, unlike the use of other types of insulators, coated waterproofing ensures the formation of particularly strong protective structures.
Pasting materials are produced in rolls and plates. Previously, roofing material, roofing felt, glassine were used for this, and now various modern films and membranes are used. It is a thin insulator, lightweight and easy to work with. It can be used both separately and in combination with a coating method.
In this case, the material is laid on a layer of coating waterproofing with an overlap of the upper layer of 10 - 15 cm. The edges are carefully glued with adhesive tape. The self-adhesive film is very convenient in laying. In spite of high price, this type of waterproofing is becoming increasingly popular due to its properties, namely:
- strength and wear resistance;
- resistance to corrosion;
- fire resistance;
- does not transmit UV radiation;
- easy to install.
Hydroprotective additives
These are special additives in concrete, acting on the principle of penetrating insulation. This protects the entire concrete structure. The disadvantage of this type of insulation is the difficulty in selecting the concrete formulation.
Internal basement waterproofing
The quality of protection of the basement from moisture from the inside depends on the correct insulation of the part of the foundation that is located on the street. For damp basement there is nothing left but to insulate the walls and floor from the inside. First you need to determine the level of groundwater. In the case when they lie below the depth of the foundation, it is enough to protect only the walls from moisture.
If there is water in the basement, it must be pumped out and the room dried with a heat gun. After drying, apply a primer to the walls deep penetration. While they dry, you can do the waterproofing of the floor.
Floor
Polymer bulk waterproofing is well suited for this. It is a mixture of sand, cement and binders.
When the layer dries, it is laid on reinforcing mesh and filled with concrete. When the structure dries, after 4 - 5 days, you can start working with the walls.
Walls
Penetrating insulation is used for waterproofing walls. Seams should be filled with sealant. To do this, use a solution based on polymers and a sand-cement mixture. After complete drying, you can proceed to the final finish. Previously, for waterproofing a damp basement from the inside, they used liquid glass, but its service life is incomparably less than that of modern materials.
Properly executed waterproofing will increase the hydrophobicity of concrete, protect your home from dampness, fungus and mold, save supporting structures from the impact of an external aggressive environment. This will increase the strength and durability of the building.
Concrete waterproofing is quite simple technological process, during which the hydrophobicity of a cast or block structure increases. In addition, waterproofing affects the frost resistance of concrete and the duration of the "life" of objects built from this building material.
Therefore, in this article we will consider typical methods for arranging waterproofing of concrete structures, offering our readers, as a bonus, an overview of insulators, with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.
The classification of waterproofing materials is most often built on the basis of the technology of applying an insulator to the surface to be protected.
And according to this principle, the range of such products is divided into the following types of insulating materials:
- Penetrating substances that work at the capillary level, clogging even microscopic cracks.
- Additives to the cement-sand mixture that increase the hydrophobicity of a cast structure or concrete block.
- Liquid compositions that paint the surface to be protected. Moreover, after “coloring”, the liquid hardens, forming a solid film impervious to moisture.
- Viscous compositions applied to the surface of concrete in a heated form, using a spatula. After cooling, the viscous composition partially hardens, and an elastic film appears on the surface, up to 2-3 millimeters thick.
- Roll and tile coatings glued to concrete (or otherwise fixed).
|
|
Advantages and disadvantages of waterproofing
Due to their physical and chemical properties, all of the above materials for concrete waterproofing have a unique list of advantages and disadvantages.
penetrating compounds
So, penetrating materials are famous for their effectiveness. They protect concrete from ground moisture, and from atmospheric precipitation, and from pressure breakthroughs. And in any case, penetrating waterproofing for concrete "works" at the capillary level - dissolved in water active substances, applied to concrete by staining, penetrate into microscopic pores and grow in them, nourished by moisture and chemicals contained in concrete.
As a result, all capillaries and microscopic cracks are filled with strong crystals growing deep into the material by 10-20 centimeters! And such protection does not suffer from accidental mechanical damage: after all, it is located inside a concrete wall, which is very difficult to destroy. At the same time, penetrating insulators also increase the frost resistance of concrete, guaranteeing the longevity of the entire structure.
The only drawback of penetrating compounds is the slow process of forming a protective environment. Crystals grow very slowly in concrete.
Waterproofing additives
Additives and additives in concrete for waterproofing cast or block structures function on the same principle. Only this time, not a 10-20 cm layer near the surface is protected, but the entire concrete casting or reinforced concrete. However, waterproofing additives make it necessary to select the concrete formulation more responsibly.
However, neither penetrating insulation nor additives provide 100 percent protection. Both options are just "draft" means that it would be nice to apply before the main defense.
Liquid waterproofing
Liquid formulations are famous high efficiency and ease of application technology. After all, liquid waterproofing of concrete is applied to the protected surface with an ordinary brush. Moreover, such a "frivolous" approach to the application process does not affect the effectiveness of the insulating composition.
The range of liquid insulators can be divided into solvent based formulations and aqueous emulsions. The first option involves the introduction of a hydrophobic base into an organic solvent. After application to the surface, the solvent evaporates, and the hydrophobic base remains.
The second option - aqueous emulsions of hydrophobic materials - works on the same principle. Moreover, the aqueous emulsion is not subject to shrinkage during drying, hardens faster and practically does not smell. Therefore, most buyers purchase liquid emulsions.
Coating waterproofing of concrete
Viscous mastics and multicomponent polymers with a complex composition are applied to the protected surfaces, both in a "cold" and "hot" state. Moreover, in cold application it is very similar to painting, and in hot application it is very similar to plastering the surface to be protected.
However, in both cases, a multilayer coating is formed from the coating compositions, into the structure of which reinforcing fiberglass meshes are introduced. Therefore, in contrast to the results of the use of liquid insulators, coating compositions guarantee the formation of a truly strong barrier with a high degree of elasticity.
Such an insulator is not afraid of any blows or chips. After all, the thickness of the insulating layer can reach up to 40 millimeters.
However, such dimensions are typical only for horizontal or inclined planes. On the vertical, only a 20 mm layer can be formed from the coated waterproofing.
Pasting materials supplied in rolls and slabs make it possible to form a waterproofing layer of any thickness. Moreover, in addition to hydrophobic properties, the insulating plate can also be endowed with heat resistance. The result is a multifunctional coating that improves performance. concrete walls and overlays.
That's just such a product is much more expensive than conventional waterproofing. Therefore, in the format of glued materials, in most cases, the consumer is offered either polymeric membranes with one-sided permeability, or roofing material. These materials increase the hydrophobicity of concrete for a period of 5-6 to 50 years.
Of course, the most efficient materials are more expensive and mounted on the wall with great difficulty. Therefore, pasting insulation is carried out either by amateurs interested in forming a temporary barrier, or by professionals who can offer reliable protection, which can "survive" the protected surface itself.
Waterproofing technologies
Modern technologies of hydroprotection allow increasing the hydrophobicity of concrete in several ways at once.
But most often, the following technologies are used to equip waterproofing:
- Impregnation of concrete with penetrating compounds.
- Coloring concrete with liquid insulators.
- Application of coating compositions to concrete.
Penetrating concrete waterproofing - Penetron and its analogues
The composition of Penetron assumes the following scheme for arranging a waterproofing coating:
Moreover, such a sequence of actions is practiced when handling all impregnating compositions.
Waterproofing concrete with liquid glass
Liquid glass can be used both as a penetrating waterproofing, and as an additive in a sand-cement mixture, and as a basis for "rough" insulation of concrete, carried out before pasting with polymer films.
The process of applying penetrating insulation has been described above in the text. The introduction of "glass" into cement is a very simple operation, which consists in mixing the substance into the finished solution.
And the “rough” insulation with liquid glass is done as follows:
Bituminous concrete waterproofing
Mastics and other coating compositions based on bitumen are applied to concrete in hot or cold form. Moreover, liquid emulsions are applied cold, and softened bitumen is applied hot.
The process of waterproofing concrete with bituminous mastics is as follows:
- Hot mastics are applied to a dry wall, and emulsions to a wet surface. Therefore, depending on the temperature of the insulating composition, the protected surface is cleaned of dust and dried (for hot mastics) or moistened (for emulsions).
- After preparing the surface, it is primed with a highly diluted water or kerosene emulsion - a primer. The purpose of this operation is to increase the adhesion of the surface.
- After priming, the mastic itself is applied to the surface, distributing it with a brush or sprayer. And first, the first layer is applied, on top of which a reinforcing mesh is glued. And after 5-6 hours, a second layer is applied to the “seized” surface of the first layer, and so on, until the dimensions of the insulating coating reach the desired thickness.
A similar technology works both when arranging a horizontal insulating layer on the surface, when the mastic can simply be poured onto the surface to be protected and leveled with a spiked roller, and when forming a vertical waterproofing layer, when the mastic is applied to the wall with a spatula, spray or brush.
Concrete structures are considered to be the standard of strength. This affected not only the priorities of the builders in many cases, but even popular culture. The problem is that none mechanical strength prevents buildings from artificial stone and their individual parts to resist the destructive action of water.
Peculiarities
Concrete waterproofing is often carried out during repair, construction and renovation work. The goal is to improve the quality parameters of the building and increase its resistance to water of various origins.
Along with roll materials, penetrating waterproofing is widely used. It does not stop the liquid on the way, but makes the thickness of the material impervious to it. The advantage of this option is the protection of the entire surface at once, the ability to guarantee cover even with continuous action of water (in a pool, reservoir).
Roll material unsuitable for permanently wet surfaces. But it also has advantages compared to penetrating solutions, such as:
- the ability to protect those walls and parts that already have cracks or may have them in the future;
- cover brick parts not only in the surface layer;
- protection of porous concrete;
- suitability for finishing the foundation.
The penetrating material is mixed with water and applied to wet surfaces. Waterproofing is provided by the systematic penetration of the solution into the pores. Crystallization forms a continuous strip of cover, which guarantees the resistance of the building to water. The depth of penetration of waterproofing under favorable conditions can reach 0.3–0.4 m. If initially there are microscopic pores and capillaries, as well as microcracks saturated with crystals, the treatment reduces the penetration of water several times.
Kinds
Coated waterproofing is now being used more and more actively and successfully replaces older solutions based on bitumen. Its advantage is that the formed coating initially has high adhesion to concrete surfaces and actually becomes one with them.
The most advanced coating variations provide pressure and tear resistance - they are suitable for protecting the walls of pools and reservoirs. Other positives are the following:
- the possibility of using in a recessed and basement;
- resistance to cracking under dynamic loading;
- passing steam outside;
- ease of installation;
- Can be used on wet concrete.
Cement coating is divided into plaster and penetrating. Its average consumption is 3500 g per 1 sq. m. m with a layer of 0.2 cm. Such coatings can be used to protect both vertical and horizontal structures. But mineral mixtures often lacks elasticity, the ability to withstand the action of vibration.
The additive of liquid glass is used for waterproofing concrete no less than cement compositions.
Such processing allows you to form a monolithic contour without a single seam, confidently resisting not only liquids, but also mold and other fungi. The glass version is suitable for geometrically complex architectural details and hard-to-reach areas. A small light layer effectively replaces several heavy windings at once. There is no risk of ignition, poisoning. The coating will not collapse even at high temperatures.
Glass protection is so effective that it is used in tropical and arctic conditions, and for volumetric pools.
But still there are weaknesses. Thus, the film formed by liquid glass is fragile and must be covered from the outside with other materials. You need to work with the mixture quickly so that it does not freeze prematurely. Therefore, along with liquid glass, other deep penetration waterproofing compounds are often used.
They work for the most part on three principles:
- osmosis (implementation of molecules in a diffuse way);
- Brownian motion;
- surface tension of liquids entering the capillaries of concrete.
The desired effect is also achieved through various chemical reactions occurring in the thickness of the stone. But all this is interesting mainly to specialists, and for ordinary builders and home owners, it is important that concrete impregnated with special mixtures remains permeable to steam. Practice shows that penetrating waterproofing is acceptable for prefabricated and monolithic structures equally. Doesn't have special significance and resistance to cracks - if only the grade of the material was not lower than M100.
Experience has shown that penetrating treatment is effective for the following:
- hydrotechnical and port complexes;
- foundations, cellars and cellars;
- fire tanks;
- elevator shafts, balconies, parking complexes;
- air passages between buildings;
- tunnels and bunkers.
Penetrating insulation can be made from dry mixes, on the basis of which a one-component binder solution is kneaded, or using ready-made liquid reagents.
Strictly speaking, liquid glass and liquid rubber belong to the same category. Dry waterproofing attracts the attention of builders because it does not require complex equipment or sophisticated work skills. The only exception to this rule are roll coatings. Dry mix concrete easily adheres to any surface, but after drying it may become cracked.
The solution variant is formed from fractions less than 0.5 cm. The chemical base is quartz sand and some other mineral substances with additives of polymers. In addition to protecting against water, such compounds help to make walls stronger. Again, the steam regime of the structure is not disturbed. With the help of mortar waterproofing, it is possible to insulate foundations to the depth of soil freezing.
The impregnation waterproofing system is attractive in that it can be used selectively on those structural elements, which are experiencing a particularly powerful load. It can be used both on completely new and already used objects. Most often, bitumen or synthesized resins are used for impregnation.
Attention: despite the relative simplicity of the method, the best results are achieved when using finished products manufactured at the factory. With all the desire to ensure comparable performance, using a sealant directly on construction sites, does not work.
Scope of application
Surface waterproofing concrete floors required for elements such as:
- gaps separating strip base from the pillar foundation;
- load-bearing parts of the foundation;
- ceiling tiles.
Apply waterproofing either from below, or along outer walls. In most cases, deep penetration mixtures are chosen. Their purpose is not limited to blocking the capillary movements of water, it is also important to strengthen the technological seams. In a number of situations, polymeric plaster compositions are used. Sometimes it is technologically justified to combine the treatment with mastic and the laying of rolls poured over the surface and penetrating into the thickness of the material.
Important: penetrating waterproofing requires great care.
Any manipulation with it is permissible only when wearing funds. personal protection, namely:
- impenetrable glasses;
- respirators;
- rubber gloves.
The presence of dust particles and efflorescence on the surface is unacceptable. Loose concrete is supposed to be knocked down. All seams and cracked places are covered with strobes so that in these areas the penetration is even deeper than in the whole wall.
The penetrating mixture is applied in two steps, with the second treatment being carried out when the initial portion has set a little, but has not had time to dry yet. Further, the finished surface will have to be continuously moistened for 72 hours. The slightest mechanical influences on it or lowering the temperature to negative values.
Protection against water of aerated concrete blocks and structures during outdoor work has its own characteristics. Aerated concrete absorbs moisture extremely intensively, much more than the main building materials. On the walls, the necessary degree of insulation is provided by plaster with a thickness of 0.8 cm. As with the preparation of other surfaces, it is very important to remove all dirt and foreign deposits. Profile tongues are cleaned as thoroughly as possible.
Aerated concrete must be primed before hydrophobic treatment.
The choice of composition for this purpose is determined mainly by the possible costs and the climate of a particular area. The primer is always applied at a minimum of +2 degrees. A prerequisite for success is the protection of cold joints in concreting. It is these areas, both in aerated concrete and in other varieties of artificial stone, that are the weakest links.
The choice of seam waterproofing method is determined by the following features:
- category of underlying soil;
- the magnitude of temperature differences (seasonal and daily);
- chemical aggressiveness of water;
- the magnitude of the load;
- seam mobility option;
- the quality of the building materials used, and so on.
You can use acrylate drills, waterstop, gel on acrylic base and other injectable mixtures. Many experts prefer to use several options at once, but each combination should be selected individually for all houses. After all, any method of isolating a seam from water has both positive and negative sides. So, the dowels do not tolerate high hydrostatic pressure; only fixed seams can be protected with non-shrink mixtures.
If it is required to correct the problems that arose during the construction of houses from aerated concrete, foam concrete, or to carry out repairs without dismantling, injection techniques are recommended.
A special technique is needed for waterproofing the joints of the floor slabs under the laminate. Typical Solutions are the following:
- pouring liquid materials;
- formation of a screed from waterproof concrete;
- roll layout;
- placement of polyethylene (from 50 microns only as an addition to other protection options).
concrete foundations they are mainly covered with isolon, foamed polyethylene, cork (independently and in combination with bitumen) or XPS.
Initially, all joints, intersections with walls and slab borders are cleaned. It is categorically unacceptable to leave loosened plaster or the slightest deposits of debris. Waterproofing is preceded by the application of a deeply penetrating primer. The overlap of the roll blocks is exactly 100 mm. For leveling bitumen, polymers or asphalt, spatulas with a wide blade are used. The run of polyethylene films on each other is 150 mm, without a polyethylene addition, no protection can be considered complete.
All screeds on the street are subject to mandatory waterproofing, because they are open to the weather. In those places where the groundwater level is very high, it is imperative to divert them, and make the screed itself as powerful as possible. Compacted clay is usually placed under the waterproofing layer. Bituminous materials are laid in three layers, when using polymer coatings, you can limit yourself to one line.
AT recent times quite often there are cases when penetrating materials are used as the main waterproofing element, which NOT PROPERLY.
Penetrating compounds can be used as one of the elements in the chain of systemic waterproofing materials, but not as the main one. These materials are easy to use, effective when a new structure has leaked (basement, underground garage, etc.), but consider them as a universal remedy for all cases - NOT PROPERLY, especially since they also have limitations (large pores, old leached concrete, etc.).
When repairing an old base, when the external pores are oily or clogged, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of plaster and degrease it, opening access to the capillary system. Moreover, this cannot be done with a simple iron brush - it must be cleaned thoroughly, preferably with sand or high-pressure water. There are other significant points that limit the use of penetrating waterproofing.
The problem of waterproofing foundations in active contact with water, as well as in cases with limited access to outside foundation lies in the fact that the use of traditional waterproofing materials does not always lead to effective protection against water and moisture. To further enhance the waterproofing properties of a concrete structure (foundation), waterproofing is recommended to be made of penetrating materials with inside protected structures (basements).
Penetrating waterproofing - cement-sand mixture using chemical additives.
Fundamental difference penetrating compositions from all other materials - the formation of a waterproofing layer not on the surface of the foundation, but in its considerable thickness (the penetration depth of active chemical components can reach 10-12 cm).
Application
- waterproofing of concrete and reinforced concrete structures;
- waterproofing of foundations and basements that are actively in contact with water;
- in combination with surface waterproofing of the foundation at a high level of groundwater.
Advantages
- improving the water resistance of concrete structures (and ONLY! concrete);
- formation of a waterproofing layer in the mass of concrete;
- the possibility of processing the outer and inner surfaces of the structure, regardless of the direction of water pressure;
- applied to a damp surface, there is no need to dry the concrete.
The main advantage of penetrating materials is the ability to protect the structure from moisture penetration from the outside. That's why this species waterproofing found wide application during the reconstruction of basements and semi-basements, when external waterproofing no longer possible to perform.
LIMITATIONS
- used for waterproofing on crack-resistant concrete structures;
- anti-capillary protection brick walls does not provide (due to the absence of substances necessary for the reaction in the brick);
- not used for waterproofing walls made of porous materials (foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) due to the large pore size;
- not recommended for use on foundation blocks prefabricated ( trouble spot are the joints between them).
The combination of penetrating waterproofing on stable foundations and elastic waterproofing on foundations subject to deformation can solve many waterproofing problems in the repair and reconstruction of underground structures.
Penetrating waterproofing mechanism
The waterproofing mixture is mixed with water and applied to the wet concrete surface. The effect of waterproofing is achieved by filling the capillary-porous structure of concrete with insoluble crystals.
Active chemical additives that are part of the material, penetrating into the concrete, enter into a chemical reaction with the components concrete mix, forming insoluble compounds (crystals), which create a continuous barrier that prevents the ingress of water.
The process of concrete compaction develops in depth upon contact with water molecules and stops in its absence. Upon new contact with water, the reaction resumes.
The depth of penetration into the concrete body of active chemical components can reach tens of centimeters. Micropores, capillaries and microcracks with a width (diameter) up to 0.3-0.4 mm, filled with products of chemical reactions, increase the water resistance of concrete by 2-3 steps.
As a result, penetrating waterproofing becomes integral part concrete, thus forming compacted waterproof concrete.
Concrete has been popular for many years construction material. Despite the very long history of its origin, concrete has become widespread and recognized only in the last century. Moreover, the volume of concrete produced and used in construction is growing year by year. This demand is quite understandable: concrete is a universal material of high strength and a wide range of uses.
But there is a characteristic of this material that I would like to improve or at least compensate for. Despite all its hardness, the water-repellent properties of this material are poor. If you look closely, even with the naked eye you can see the smallest pores on the surface. Moisture can penetrate deep into the material through these pores. With prolonged exposure to dampness and temperature changes, concrete products and structures can collapse.
To solve the problem of structural deformations and thermal microfractures of concrete, mandatory actions are needed to waterproof the concrete surface. This is especially necessary if the concrete is used in conditions high humidity or in contact with water: foundations, garage floors, swimming pools, etc.
Concrete waterproofing
There are many materials and methods for waterproofing concrete. The choice of a suitable solution will depend on the place of application, and on the area of processing, and on the intensity of operation, and on the possible budget.
Concrete waterproofing options:
- penetrating waterproofing for concrete;
- additives in concrete for waterproofing;
- liquid waterproofing for concrete;
- coating waterproofing for concrete;
- glued or built-up waterproofing;
- concrete sealant.
Penetrating waterproofing Penetrating concrete waterproofing
Waterproofing on cement base although it was known 50 years ago, it did not find wide application then.
The principle of operation of penetrating waterproofing is that its constituent chemical elements, after hitting the wall surface, penetrate under the action of physical strength into microcapillaries in the thickness of concrete. The name of this method of waterproofing comes from the ability to penetrate the wall.
In the capillaries, the active ingredients of the mixture interact with the substances that make up the concrete. Further, a kind of micro-plugs are formed, which completely clog the movement of the liquid from the inside, but do not reduce the vapor permeability of the wall.
For a long time, Penetron cement-based dry mix for waterproofing has been synonymous with penetrating concrete waterproofing. This is due to the fact that Penetoron has long been the only such remedy. But today on construction market waterproofing mixtures of many other manufacturers are presented.
Penetrating mixture for waterproofing is available in dry form. After mixing with water, apply to concrete with a wide brush with synthetic bristles. Mix the solution immediately before work and in an amount that can be spent within 30 minutes.
Cement based waterproofing Additives in concrete for waterproofing
To improve the inherent characteristics of concrete, various additives are added to its composition at the stage of making the mortar. Additives make concrete waterproof or hydrophobic.
hydrophobic concrete
This concrete, after hardening, acquires the property of repelling water from its surface.
The following types of additives are used:
- paraffins;
- calcium salts;
- stearic acid;
- salts of naphthenic acids;
- petroleum acids;
- resin.
An additive in concrete for its hydrophobicity can be hydrophobic (an immiscible admixture with certain characteristics) and hydrophobic (giving a water-repellent effect when interacting with concrete substances).
waterproofed concrete
Using waterproofing additives in concrete, it is possible to obtain a material with a lower air content. Waterproofing additives in concrete compact the mixture and increase the concrete's own resistance to moisture.
To waterproofing additives relate:
- ferric chloride;
- calcium nitrate;
- silicate adhesive.
Additives in concrete for waterproofing Waterproofing impregnation for concrete
Liquid impregnation for concrete waterproofing is of two types:
- Deep penetration (mixtures based on silicates). Such impregnation significantly increases the strength of concrete, which causes a waterproofing effect.
- Surface protection waterproofing (based on epoxy, acrylates, polyurethanes). Such impregnations create a film on the surface and prevent the liquid from seeping into the concrete, but do not affect its strength.
This type of waterproofing is one of the easiest to apply. Liquid waterproofing compound it is enough to apply on a vertical concrete surface with a roller or brush. Horizontal surfaces, such as floors or ceilings, are most conveniently waterproofed. It is enough to pour the impregnation in a thin layer, distribute it evenly with a soft brush and allow to dry.
Waterproofing impregnation Mastic for concrete waterproofing
Mastic waterproofing is very popular due to different reasons. This is a fairly affordable way to protect concrete from the harmful effects of moisture. The mastic is easy to apply, has sufficient fluidity to create an even coating during the drying process. In this case, the coating is smooth, without seams and joints.
Mastic can be used both in air and in contact with soil, protecting concrete equally well from atmospheric precipitation, and from ground and melt water.
There are two main types of mastics for waterproofing:
- Bituminous mastic. One of the cheapest and oldest waterproofing for concrete. The main component of such a coating is bitumen. Hot bituminous mastic is applied. The material is added polymer additives, improving the fluidity, polymerization and elasticity of the cooled coating. In addition, additives allow you to apply bituminous mastic in a cold way.
- Polyurethane mastic. Made from acrylic. When dried, it completely polymerizes, creating a dense protective covering on concrete. The advantages of polyurethane mastic in drying speed, resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Hydrophobic acrylic mastic is also good because you can add a dye to it and tint the coating to the desired color. Also, acrylic-based mastic is lighter than bituminous.
It is convenient to use a mastic coating for waterproofing surfaces of complex relief, as it is applied with a spray gun, less often with a brush or roller. At the same time, one can be sure that both external and internal corners will be well treated.
Mastic layer for best result can be up to several centimeters thick. The minimum allowable thickness is 1 mm.
Mastic for waterproofing Bonded and built-up coatings for waterproofing concrete surfaces
Waterproofing concrete with roll coatings one of the most traditional. Materials are made on the basis of bitumen. Coatings of the old generation had significant disadvantage- great fragility, which created difficulties both during installation and during further exploitation. Now in the bitumen used for the manufacture roll waterproofing, polymers are added, significantly improves the characteristics of the material.
Bitumen-based roll waterproofing is divided according to the principle of installation into:
- Okleichnaya. For laying waterproofing, the surface is pre-lubricated bituminous mastic. Next, lay the waterproofing itself, carefully level it. The joints are overlapped, they are glued with mastic. Waterproofing can be done in several layers, alternating mastic and roll material.
- Surfacing. Such waterproofing is bonded to the coating using burners. The material is rolled over the surface and warmed up. The mastic layer melts and sticks the canvas to the base. The joints are also overlapped.
Fused waterproofing Sealant for concrete
Sealant is used when it is necessary to waterproof small cracks or seams in concrete. Exists a large number of a variety of sealants that differ in the main ingredient: rubber, bituminous, silicate, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, etc.
The most popular are three of them:
- acrylic sealant. Made from acrylic. By and large, it's more of a putty. It does not waterproof too well, but it can fill large spaces, well leveled and beautifully painted after drying;
- polyurethane sealant. Fast bonding to the surface, after polymerization and drying has high strength. Perfectly proved itself for sealing seams and joints between plates. Paint may be applied over the dried polyurethane sealant;
- Silicone sealant. Most used and popular. The best protection against moisture and dampness. Can be used on different surfaces because it has high adhesion. The downside can be considered its immunity to staining - the paint simply does not hold on dried silicone sealant. But there are already tinted silicone sealants.
Silicone sealants can be acid and neutral. For work on concrete, only neutral silicone sealants are used, since acids, reacting with substances from concrete, can destroy both the concrete itself and the sealant.
Sealant for concrete Waterproofing concrete with "liquid glass"
Liquid glass is a substance that is a mixture of sodium and potassium silicates. The composition of liquid glass is similar to stationery glue. The silicates that are part of the liquid glass react with the components of concrete and clog microcracks in layers close to the surface.
Liquid glass is a penetrating waterproofing. It is applied very simply - with a brush or roller. You can do the work yourself. But, it should be noted the fragility of the composition after drying, therefore, such waterproofing requires protection from mechanical damage.
Waterproofing concrete with "liquid glass" Basically, when using cement mortar High Quality and high inherent strength, as well as when creating certain conditions for molding and drying, it is possible to obtain practically waterproof concrete. Such concrete is used in the construction of high-rise buildings and structures for special purposes. AT normal conditions to make such concrete is very difficult. Especially when it comes to low-rise private construction.
To increase the service life of buildings and to reduce the influence of the destructive influence of moisture on them, waterproofing of concrete is necessary. Various materials can be used for this: concrete sealant; hydrophobic additives for concrete; mastic for concrete; welded or glued rolls. The main thing is that the waterproofing is suitable, and the processing is done professionally.
Loading...