When designing a house made of aerated concrete, builders are one of the first to decide on the type of floors. Distributed following designs– reinforced concrete monoliths and panels, wooden beams. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are important to evaluate before starting. installation work.
- availability of special equipment;
- cost of installation work and materials;
- speed of building construction.
Despite the fact that panel and monolithic floors in a house made of aerated concrete are characterized by mass positive qualities, they also have negative sides - it is difficult to choose slabs of the desired configuration and size. Wooden interfloor ceilings do not have these disadvantages - they are durable and “adapt” to any configuration of the house. Considering the light weight of the beams, there will be no pressure on the walls heavy load. This is why experienced builders often choose wooden floors when building a house based on aerated concrete.
How to calculate the dimensions of a wooden floor?
In order for a house made of aerated concrete to stand for many years, it is important to correctly calculate the interfloor or attic structures, because they will serve as the floor for the upper floors. The builder needs to know what maximum length and cross-section to buy beams.
Here is a summary table from which, taking into account the length of the span and the pitch of installing the logs, you can determine the cross-section:
| Span length, m | Installation step, cm | |
| 60 | 100 | |
| Beam cross-section, mm | ||
| 7 | 150x300 | 200x275 |
| 6,5 | 150x250 | 200x250 |
| 6 | 150x225 | 175x250 |
| 5,5 | 150x200 | 150x250 |
| 5 | 125x200 | 150x225 |
| 4,5 | 100x200 | 150x200 |
| 4 | 100x200 | 125x200 |
| 3 | 75x200 | 100x175 |
| 2,5 | 75x150 | 100x150 |
| 2 | 75x100 | 75x150 |
Let's assume that a house is being built from an aerated block with a span of 5 m, and the beams are installed in increments of 1 m. Check the table - you will need timber with a section of 150x225 mm. When making further calculations, keep in mind that the boards will extend into the aerated concrete wall by at least 15 cm. Therefore maximum length the ceiling is installed as follows: 5 + 0.15 + 0.15 = 5.3 m.
Calculate so that the cross-section of the lumber provides a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. It is advisable that the length wooden beams did not exceed 6 m - the structure may not withstand the loads. The exact amount of lumber that needs to be prepared is calculated based on the surface area.
How to install a wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete with your own hands?
Once the dimensions of the floors have been calculated, you can purchase all the materials necessary for installation. The interfloor structure consists of lower support beams, covered with heat and sound insulation, and counter rails fixed on top. Experienced builders choose laminated veneer lumber as lumber, edged board or ready-made I-beams. Metal elements can also be used.
The main feature is that the wooden floors for floors in a house made of aerated concrete will be supported by a support made of reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted along the entire perimeter of the building. To make it, U-blocks are taken - this is where wooden beams will be placed in the future.
In front of the device interfloor structures lumber is treated with antifungal agents. Here you can use any of the commercially available formulations. The exception is solutions based on oil based. Such substances will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the wood, which will make a house made of aerated concrete less durable and reliable.
It would not be superfluous to treat the beams with substances that increase fire resistance, since wood is flammable. Modern compositions can significantly reduce the risk of fire - in the event of a fire, the floor or roof will not collapse within several hours. If an interfloor wooden floor is installed over metal beams, then steel elements must be treated with anti-corrosion agents.
Wait until the compounds applied to individual parts of the structure dry. And when preparatory work will be completed, you can install interfloor wooden floors:
1. The ends of the beams, which will later be attached to the aerated concrete wall, are first sawed at an angle of 60°, and then wrapped in roofing felt. This will prevent the bars from fraying. Leave the cut areas uncovered - the wood should “breathe”.
2. The aerated concrete block must not be allowed to come into close contact with the end of the beam - this can lead to rotting of the beam. Therefore, leave a gap in this place - at least 5 cm. Lay a thin layer of thermal insulation here - mineral wool.
3. First, the outer beams are installed. Observing the same step, attach the intermediate wooden boards. Check how evenly the beams lie using the building level.
4. Beam floors are attached to the reinforcing belt metal corners, plates or studs coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
5. Now you can begin installing the reel. It is made on the basis of boards or beams that are attached to lower parts beams
6. The roll-up should be insulated. Thermal insulation layer is at least 10 cm.
7. Wooden beams for the ceiling are covered with logs on top. After this, you can begin installing the floor of the upper floor. If in the future it is planned to cover it with linoleum, laminate or parquet, then chipboard or plywood is additionally laid on the logs to level the surface.
8. The bottom of the floors with wooden load-bearing elements is sheathed with clapboard or plasterboard. You can choose other options - it all depends on the planned decorative finishing ceiling on the lower floor.
The basement structure is mounted using the same technology as the interfloor structure. But in this case it is important for the builder to take into account some features:
- To protect the aerated concrete block and beams (in case high humidity on lower floors), provide for waterproofing. It fits under the insulation.
- If the rooms below are not heated (pantry or basement), provide a thicker layer of heat insulation - up to 20 cm. To protect the blocks from condensation, lay a vapor barrier on top of the insulation.
The attic floor differs from other types of structures in that at the end of the work there is no need to install a floor - it is enough to install ladders-bridges along the beams. The insulation layer in the space between the beams is 15-20 cm. Since there will be no large loads on the elements, it is realistic to do without a reinforcing belt. The exception is when the attic on the upper floors will be used as a living room.
Houses made of aerated concrete blocks are built no more than three floors high. Floors in houses made of aerated concrete are made taking into account the material of the walls, just as aerated blocks are selected with such characteristics that they can withstand the floors.
Types of floors for aerated concrete
- monolithic;
- reinforced concrete slabs;
- aerated concrete slabs;
- wooden or metal beams.
Slab floors
Floor slabs can be reinforced concrete or aerated concrete. Aerated concrete floors are lighter than reinforced concrete; aerated concrete slabs are assembled into a monolithic sheet thanks to a tongue-and-groove system. If slabs without grooves and ridges are used, then reinforcement is placed in the gap between the slabs and sand-cement mortar is poured. Aerated concrete floor slabs are reinforced with mesh; they can withstand a load of 600 kg per 1 square meter, which is quite enough for an individual residential building.
Scheme of aerated concrete slab floor installation
Aerated concrete slabs for floors can be different sizes. The slab floor should be 20 centimeters longer than the span, so that it extends 10 centimeters onto the wall on each side.
Reinforced concrete slabs are similar to aerated concrete slabs, but they are much heavier, so when using them it is necessary to accurately calculate the load.
The advantages of slab floors include:
- quick installation;
- good noise and heat insulation;
- high load-bearing capacity;
- affordable price.
Monolithic floors
For a monolithic floor, a reinforcement frame is made, which is filled with concrete. The thickness of the monolithic floor can reach 300 mm. A monolithic floor can be of any shape - this is the main difference from a slab floor, which can only be rectangular. Monolithic flooring has a high load-bearing capacity - up to 800 kg per square meter, but it is quite time-consuming and expensive to make.
Monolithic ceiling device
Floors on beams
For this option, metal or wooden beams are used, on which plywood or boards are laid, and the space between the beams is filled with expanded clay, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other insulation materials. This is proven and inexpensive way make an interfloor ceiling.
An example of a wooden floor in a house made of aerated blocks
Which floors are better for aerated concrete houses?
Foreman's advice:
In houses made of aerated blocks, any floors can be made, provided that the load on the walls is accurately calculated. The easiest way is to make floors made of wood or aerated concrete slabs, because the load on the walls from them is lower than from other materials and, moreover, these options are the cheapest.
It is generally believed that internal partitions are not load-bearing, so they are made slightly lower than load-bearing walls so that the ceilings do not rest on them. Partitions made of aerated concrete are usually made 2 centimeters below the ceilings so that the ceiling does not put pressure on them, because such a load can cause cracks to appear on the partitions.
Window and door lintels made of aerated concrete can be considered a type of ceiling - they are used with the design load for the project. If the wall thickness exceeds 500 mm, prefabricated lintels can be used. The length of the lintel should be 100 mm greater than the width of the opening in each direction.
Video: laying wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete
Construction of houses from aerated blocks is very popular in Lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, easy to obtain flat surface walls
When determining the design of a house, the question arises as to what type of flooring is best for houses made of aerated concrete blocks. First we will give a brief overview possible options, and then we will focus on wooden interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete.
Which cover is better?
In a house made of aerated concrete you can arrange different kinds interfloor ceilings. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.
Brief characteristics of reinforced concrete floors
Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:
- strength;
- durability;
- high load-bearing capacity;
- good sound insulation;
- high fire resistance and non-flammability.
But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into account when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.
Precast concrete panel floor. In the case of precast reinforced concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow for the optimal selection of the panel the right size. Since the panels are produced only rectangular shape, then they cannot cover rounded areas and rooms of irregular geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be sealed additionally monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly quick process, it is the installation that may become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the opportunity for a crane to arrive to install them.
Advantages:
- quick installation.
Flaws:
- restrictions on size and shape;
- the need for an entrance for the crane during installation.
Monolithic concrete floor. A monolithic ceiling is convenient because it does not require large equipment and it can be made in any size and shape. But constructing a monolith is a very labor-intensive process. This is the production and installation of formwork, installation metal frame, preparing concrete and pouring it, caring for concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to comply with certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution throughout the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Labor intensity, duration and a large number of so-called “wet processes” may make you think about looking for another floor design option.
Advantages:
- the ability to make floors of any shape;
- no large equipment needed.
Flaws:
- high complexity and duration of the process;
- wet process;
- you need a large amount of water, and there may not yet be such volumes of it on the site;
- need to comply technological modes preparing and laying concrete.
A significant disadvantage for concrete floors When choosing a flooring material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, its weight is important. Considering that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more fragile than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete it is preferable to use more lightweight design ceilings
Brief characteristics of wooden floors
Therefore, very often the choice is made on wooden floors. Wooden floors lighter than concrete, cheaper, can cover rooms of various configurations.
Manufacturing and installation of wooden floors is not complicated. To install such a ceiling, you do not need large equipment; you can use homemade winches and hand tools.
Advantages:
- a light weight;
- flexibility in configuration;
- availability of assortment of wood;
- not difficult installation.
Flaws:
- flammability;
- the need for antiseptic protection.
Wooden flooring: design and installation
The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made from solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections depending on the pitch of the beams and the overlapped span can be seen in the table.
Table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and pitch of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400 kg/m2.
|
Span, m |
|||||||
| Beam spacing, m | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 4,5 | 5,0 | 6,0 |
|
Beam cross-section, mm |
|||||||
| 0,6 | 75x100 | 75x150 | 75x200 | 100x200 | 100x200 | 125x200 | 150x225 |
| 1,0 | 75x150 | 100x150 | 100x175 | 125x200 | 150x200 | 150x225 | 175x250 |
| Log diameter, mm | |||||||
| 1,0 | 110 | 130 | 140 | 170 | 190 | 200 | 230 |
| 0,6 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 210 | 230 | 240 | 270 |
Fastening the beam to the wall. During the construction of the wall, floor beams begin to be laid out at the design height. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with waterproofing material: wrapped in roofing felt, covered bitumen mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.
There should be a small air gap around the beam; the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Polystyrene insulation is installed between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall.
If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are connected to each other with an overlap of 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is advisable to place the joints of the beams above an internal wall or other support.
Floor structure design. To provide heat and sound insulation to the floor, sound and heat insulation is laid between the beams. For this purpose, a groove is made in the lower part of the beams, for securing which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulation materials should fit snugly against the bars. The bottom of the beams is lined with plywood, OSB board, or plasterboard.
Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a subfloor is laid on top of them. To improve sound insulation, special noise and vibration absorbing pads can be laid under the subfloor and under the joists.
To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of the ceiling sagging due to the influence of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option to install the floor and ceiling along separated beams. The main idea of this method is to separate the floor structure and make different ones for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. load-bearing beams. To do this, the floor is laid on the main supporting beams.
The floor beams are laid directly on the wall with an armored belt. Between them in the middle are mounted ceiling beams, which are attached to the wall with brackets.
Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the load-bearing beams, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. The ceiling beams will not bear large loads; their main task is to support suspended ceiling and a pie from soundproofing materials. Therefore, according to calculations, ceiling beams can be installed with a smaller cross-section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the load-bearing ones. In this way, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.
Construction of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important
In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is a mandatory structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams onto the wall, which helps ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt has important for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the floor, it also serves to generally preserve the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation due to possible soil shrinkage and slight movements of the foundation. Therefore, special attention is paid to the construction of a monolithic belt.
There are special U-shaped gas blocks for constructing a monolithic belt.
Reinforcement is placed inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.
The bottom row of rods is placed on special spacers so that a protective layer made of concrete.
If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones; aerated concrete cuts well. You can make a U-block yourself by cutting out inner part block with a hand saw.
The frame is made from reinforcement.
Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted using wire.
At junction points, it is advisable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement in an arc.
You can attach embedded parts (rods) to it, to which the floor beams will be attached. WITH outside walls monolithic belt insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.
and filled with concrete
Since special blocks are expensive or may not be on sale, a monolithic belt can be made as an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.
In order to external wall The place of its installation was not visually visible. The installation of the reinforced belt is carried out as follows: we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick along the outer wall. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, we lay 50 mm polystyrene. WITH inside We put formwork on the walls wooden shield, we place an armored belt in the resulting space.
Useful video:
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Aerated concrete is a modern building material that allows you to quickly build a house. Its main features are good heat retention and ease of processing. Calculations of the maximum loads of the material show that using aerated concrete it is possible to build houses with a maximum height of three floors - this is the maximum weight of walls and ceilings that the material can be guaranteed to withstand without changing its properties. physical characteristics. Interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete are made from various materials and each of them has certain requirements.
Wooden floors are most often used in house construction Source m-stone.ru
Requirements for floors
Any house under construction must be reliable, comfortable and resistant to various climatic and temperature conditions. It is important to understand that the ceiling is the main structure connecting the house, which is subject to the following requirements:
, which are both temporary and permanent;Rigidity– there may be “deflections”, but no more than the norms allow;
Soundproofing– external and internal noises should not distract owners;
Thermal insulation– we are talking about structures that separate rooms with different temperatures (damp attic and living room).
Floors for houses made of aerated concrete
The ceiling is a horizontal structural element in a building, with the help of which the floors are separated. The floors will have to withstand loads from floors, furniture and partitions.
On this moment The following types are distinguished:
Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete;
Slab: aerated concrete or reinforced concrete slabs;
Beam: wooden or metal beams.
Wooden beam floor between the first floor and the attic Source domdelaem.ru
When choosing the type of floor, you should take into account the number of floors of the building, the size of the span, the seismicity of the region and the vertical load.
Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are a popular method that has the following positive qualities:
Price. Wood belongs to the category of affordable building materials. Even if premium, carefully crafted wood is used, this option the floors will be many times more affordable compared to the use of reinforced concrete floors;
Light weight. In the field of construction, there are certain conditions that regulate the weight of the material used. For example, it is not allowed for the structure to be too light - this indicates insufficient strength. As a rule, wood does not weigh down the structure too much, but if you take into account the fact that the house is built from aerated concrete - a material on which less high loads are placed, then this method could not be more relevant. This will not make the building less durable, and the developer will only benefit - the material is easily and simply maintained;
Aerated concrete walls require lightweight materials, and wood is optimal options Source strangely.ru
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of aerated concrete houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
Undemanding. Compared to concrete floors, wooden structures much easier to prepare and process. First of all, it is worth noting the fact that there are no “wet” operations. Secondly, installation is easy even in cold weather.
You also need to take into account some of the disadvantages of wooden floors:
Operating restrictions. Aerated concrete blocks, although they have a small mass, in certain places should be secured with reinforced concrete elements. The ceiling is not a power support element, but they are still used as a connecting link, so they must be strong. Wooden floors do not always meet this requirement. For example, if you are building two-storey house in an area where seismicity is more than 8 points, then wooden floors will not cope with their task;
Fragility. This applies to any structures made of wood. Physical and operational properties material is lost after a certain time. Of course, wooden structural elements are being processed by special means: impregnations, fire retardants and others, but the service life depends more on external conditions - changes in humidity and others.
Everything is better protective compounds apply before final installation of wooden beams Source otvetprost.ru
However, if the beam is rotten, it can be relatively easily replaced with a new one. And if it is necessary to reconstruct or update reinforced concrete floor, then this will take much more time and effort.
Monolithic interfloor slabs
An equally popular method of arranging floors when constructing houses from foam and gas blocks. Its main advantages:
use of fireproof parts;
durability;
variety of materials for construction work;
relative ease of installation work.
The highest load-bearing capacity is achieved if monolithic slabs, which also increases the functionality of the structure. The span can have any size, dimensions and geometric shape. According to the technology, the overlap is done directly on site. To complete the task, you will need concrete (purchased or made on site), which is used to fill the formwork on the 1st floor. The mixture is poured in such a way that the slab is 100 to 200 mm thick (depending on the project).
Formwork and reinforcement for pouring first floor floors Source beton-house.com
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of internal redevelopment of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
When choosing this method, you should take into account the following factors:
Before filling the formwork you need preparatory work;
If you plan to produce concrete on site, you will need special equipment(concrete mixer and special pump);
The supporting structures will need to completely harden, which requires time;
To obtain the required grade strength of concrete, you need competent specialist who understands proportions;
Monolithic ceiling – not the most affordable, but reliable option.
Iron beam ceilings
Modern houses made of aerated concrete are covered with metal beams. The method is popular due to the fact that it allows you to make a strong and reliable overlap with a large length between load-bearing walls. But it is important to understand that despite any treatment, the metal deteriorates over time, or at least becomes covered with rust, losing its performance characteristics.
Beams damaged by corrosion quickly lose their performance properties Source dc-region.ru
How wooden floors are attached
For correct fastening wooden blocks, special open or closed nests are formed in aerated concrete walls. You also need to be sure that the wood can “breathe”, for which the end of each beam is cut at an angle of 60-75 degrees. The cut is carefully treated with antiseptic agents.
The end of the beam that was treated with an antiseptic (with the exception of the cut edge) should subsequently be wrapped with roofing felt or other waterproofing material. In addition to protecting the wood, this is also done so that the beam “sits” tightly in the socket.
From a thermal insulation point of view, nests are the most weak spots ceilings of the second floor in a house made of aerated concrete. Therefore, they are additionally insulated, which is suitable for mineral wool or polystyrene foam plates.
Methods for embedding beams in walls; treatment of the ends of the beam protects against condensation and rotting of materials Source sdelaipotolok.com
Having completely processed, wrapped and installed the beam, it is necessary to additionally inspect the nests - there may be cracks in them that need to be covered with special solutions and sealants in order to prevent wet and warm air. Anyway additional protection There will be no unnecessary nests and will extend the life of the beams.
Fastening a monolithic floor
Before constructing the floor, an armored belt is made, since aerated concrete blocks are a fragile material that can easily burst under load. Under the armored belt, wooden formwork should be built that follows the contour of the walls. It is important that it be solid, that is, not interrupted. After this, the armored belt is filled with concrete solution.
Preparing armored belt for floors Source banya-ili-sauna.ru
Before you begin constructing the formwork, it will require the installation of supports. Typically, steel supports are used at this stage. It is important to install the supports evenly, without errors, as the consequences can cause great difficulties. To level the stands it is convenient to use a building level. One rack can withstand a load of 300-500 kg.
Application building level will help to lay beams without distortions Source lestorg32.ru
Afterwards, the transverse beams are laid (you can start either from the top or from the bottom, sewing them to the supports). On next stage is installed reinforcement mesh. The cables are laid first, since if the concrete is poured first, laying them will be problematic. At the same stage, pipes for ventilation are installed and an unfilled area is left where there will be a staircase between floors. Wire is suitable for tying the reinforcement, after which the structure is filled with concrete.
Based on the volume of the concrete mixer, concrete is made according to the following proportion:
Cement – 7 liters;
Sand – 15 liters;
Crushed stone and water – 30 liters.
An area is prepared in advance, where the finished mixture is subsequently poured. Self monolithic ceiling should have a thickness of 150 to 300 mm. For the mixture to completely harden, it is enough to wait a few days. If the floor was divided into sections, then the beams used to separate it must be removed.
Video description
How to install wooden floor beams on aerated concrete walls, see the video:
Conclusion
At the moment, there are several options for arranging a floor for a house made of aerated concrete. A competent choice should be based on the calculated loads and financial opportunities. The durability of a house is influenced by many factors, such as temperature, humidity, loads, and so on. Floor slabs made of aerated concrete are not uncommon, but monolithic types, prefabricated monolithic and reinforced concrete slabs are more popular.
Floors in a house made of aerated concrete are usually made using an armored belt. Despite all the unique advantages of aerated concrete, the strength of the blocks is too low to build houses from aerated concrete higher than two or three floors. The ceiling on aerated concrete walls is mounted on a designed reinforced concrete belt running along the entire contour of the enclosing walls at the plinth level, under each interfloor ceiling and under the roof. Armored belts are required aerated concrete house not only as supports for beam systems. The floors of the house carry and redistribute the loads on bearing structures walls, and aerated concrete has the disadvantage of fragility. Supporting beams on light porous blocks can lead to local punching, therefore, regardless of the type of ceiling, reinforced belts are performed, including in order to enhance the spatial rigidity of the structure.
Requirements for floors of houses made of aerated concrete take into account the insufficient compressive strength of aerated concrete (due to the cellular structure of the blocks). The overlap should provide:
- Optimal strength and rigidity (no deflection);
- The safety factor is plus the calculated load, including forces from people, furniture and all equipment on the floor, plus the own weight of the ceiling and the walls above;
- Fire safety of the home;
- Comfortable level of sound insulation.
Types of floors for aerated concrete houses:
- Slab;
- Monolithic;
- Prefabricated monolithic;
- Beam - on wooden or metal beams.
Various types of floors modern cottages, modern and expressive - hipped, coffered, arched, brick vaults and others - for aerated block houses are too structurally complex and uneconomical.
Difference aerated concrete house- necessity reinforced belts for any area, even if seismic phenomena in the construction area are completely excluded. The beam floor, regardless of the material of the beams, is always equipped with an armored belt. The first stage of installing an armored belt is to verify the exact horizontality of the upper cut of the load-bearing walls, which is unrealistic in practice. All defects are eliminated by erasing the aerated concrete material until completely leveled, then the overlap is carried out according to technology.
Interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete
Any type of overlap is possible, subject to load calculations. The optimal floor for an aerated concrete house is considered to be a similar floor made from factory-made autoclaved aerated concrete slabs. But classic wooden beam floors are still more popular.
Floor slabs in aerated concrete house
The difference in the mass of traditional hollow and ribbed reinforced concrete slabs with aerated concrete slabs also determines the choice. For quick construction of a house, a prefabricated floor is optimal if the following conditions exist:
- You can drive up to the construction site, drive up special equipment, there is an area for storing slabs;
- The house's plan is simple - without curved walls, which are possible with aerated concrete block masonry, and spans up to 6.0 m.
The slabs are mounted along the reinforced belt (options for brick cushions under the slab floor are possible if calculations are available). The slabs are being monolied cement-sand mortar, the ends of the ceiling are thermally insulated.
Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete
A complex and labor-intensive monolithic floor is justified for unique buildings made of aerated concrete, complex in plan and/or with curved walls. Concrete is made using lightweight aggregates (polystyrene, vermiculite), reinforced frame, usually at least two meshes - lower and upper. High-quality formwork for the ceiling is also required, preferably inventory formwork. Homemade formwork from boards and panels requires control of deflection and careful insulation, and is usually used locally, on small difficult areas. Total thickness ceilings are 150-200 mm, depending on the span, and every cm of thickening will greatly affect the overall load on aerated concrete walls.
Professional calculations for monolithic floors are a prerequisite. In addition, in order to reduce and redistribute loads, the design is changed: not a flat floor, but a ribbed one - with beams and thin layers concrete pouring. But this option is closer to a monolithic beam floor, since the forces are absorbed by the ribs-beams. The formwork is permanent and includes reinforcing metal profile sheets. Concrete pouring must be continuous, cold joints are excluded. As for the labor intensity of manufacturing such a ribbed monolithic floor, it is considerable, as is the cost, but for long-span cottages (9.0 m or more) this expensive type of non-standard floor is quite justified.
Advantages of monolithic floors:
- By bearing capacity- more than enough;
- You can cover any span, configuration, even fancy buildings;
- For a span of more than 6.0 m, when additional columns or racks are not planned, a monolith is the only solution.
The disadvantages of monolithic concrete floors include:
- The long process of concrete hardening and strength gain is at least 28 days. We are no longer talking about quick construction.
- Load calculations are an indispensable condition, and qualified and accurate.
- Without special equipment and custom-made ready-mixed concrete High Quality not enough. Automixers, concrete pump, equipment for vibrating concrete - a significant increase in construction costs.
- Constant monitoring of the concrete strengthening process, care and creation of heat and humidity conditions. And in frosts, not in summer heat thin monolithic ceiling in conditions private construction extremely expensive both in terms of finances and labor. Optimal time construction in middle lane– end of summer, beginning of autumn.
- Final high price ceilings
Beam floors
A house made of aerated blocks, which has a standard configuration and distances between load-bearing walls of up to 6.0 m, is traditionally covered with beams with flooring - metal or wood. Rolled metal for beams is quite an expensive material and requires careful anti-corrosion treatment, and the installation of heavy profiles requires special equipment. Therefore wooden beam floor for a house made of aerated concrete is still the leader among private builders. Important advantage wooden flooring - the possibility of independent work.
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