Do-it-yourself plumbing work. Water supply in the apartment: device, replacement, laying, connection. Distribution of water pipes

The installation of plumbing in an apartment is a complex of sequential processes that require preliminary calculations and correct selection equipment. Installation should be approached with special responsibility, since the quality of work depends on the duration of operation of the overall system.

Preparatory work for creating a plumbing system

The first stages involve the preparation of the installation site, tools, material and accurate mathematical calculations.

Tools for laying plumbing

The required set of tools includes:

• scissors for the process of cutting pipes;
• welding soldering iron;
• pliers;
• adjustable wrenches;
• roulette;
• marker (for marking).

Drawing up a wiring diagram, taking measurements and mathematical calculations

layout modern apartments involves the compilation of two methods for diluting pipes (at the user's choice):

• Collector. This method is the most practical in terms of subsequent operation, but its installation requires a professional approach. During installation, an individual pipe is supplied to each equipment.
• Tee. In this case, each new branch requires the installation of an individual stainless steel shut-off valve. The main advantage of the scheme is that there is no need to turn off the entire system in the event of a breakdown in a particular plumbing fixture.

Pipes are purchased only after mathematical calculations. This process requires measurement of all areas where the pipes will run, including branches and bending angles. It is recommended to purchase pipes with a margin of 1-2 m.

Before the beginning installation work the exact location of each piece of equipment must be determined. After choosing a site, you need to measure the place and the plumbing fixture. The results obtained must be compared with each other to determine the correspondence between the dimensions of the plumbing and the allocated space.

The right choice of materials

The quality of the plumbing system and its service life depend on the choice of components. Therefore, it is better not to save and buy quality materials. After all, the consequences can cost more. Pipes must be made of high quality polypropylene. Fittings are recommended to be taken from stainless steel or high-quality plastic. Buy sealants from trusted manufacturers, as after a while a low-quality sealant can leak. According to SmartInoks experts, one of the main elements in the plumbing system is stainless steel taps, since taps are exposed not only to water, but also mechanically when opening and closing. Buying faucets made of poor quality steel has a higher risk of corrosion and a greater chance of breaking under mechanical stress.

Installation of plumbing equipment and other components of the system

Before installing pipes, prepare their locations as much as possible. For the installation process, you will need scissors for trimming them, a tape measure and a welding soldering iron. It is recommended to free up space from unnecessary elements. It is mandatory to install rubber gaskets in the docking points. Their absence will lead to leaks. When installing, it should be noted that the slope of the pipes in relation to the main riser from the equipment should be within 3 cm per 1 m of the pipe. In cases where a tee system is used, stainless steel taps are required at each new branch.

Shower and bath installation

For the correct functioning of the shower or bath during installation, the following points should be considered:

• Supply of electricity (with additional insulation from moisture), hot and cold water, sewerage;
• The outlet of the cabin sewerage according to the standard should not exceed 70 mm from the floor surface to the sewer pipe (if this parameter is exceeded, an additional installation of the podium should be carried out);
• Mandatory application of sealant to the joints.
• Drain installation involves the following processes:
  • Compound drain hose cabins or baths to the sewer drain;
  • Sealant treatment of joints;
  • Installation of a sealing gasket in the drain hole;
  • Silicone surface treatment.
• If there is a branch, a stainless steel faucet should be installed.

Installation of a sink, washbasin, washstand

What are the main points to consider when installing such equipment?

1. The correct comparison of the size of the supply pipes and the location of the washbasin, sink or sink.
2. Installation of stainless taps (in case of inclusion given element in general scheme systems).
3. Sealing works must be carried out exclusively on dry fittings (it is possible to use a household hair dryer).
4. Avoid contact of hands with mating surfaces.
5. Install paronite gaskets between the plastic parts and the metal conductive pipe.
6. Trimming of standard fittings (a slight deviation during cutting will lead to leakage at the junction).
7. Mandatory lubrication ( silicone sealant) on gaskets.
8. According to the recommendations of SNiP, the installation height of plumbing is 80-85 cm.

Modern models of toilet bowls provide special holes for fixing the device to the floor surface. Equipment installation is carried out according to the following principle:

• Connecting the device to the sewerage using a corrugated outlet;
• Installing the corrugation seal on the outlet steamer of the toilet bowl;
• Sealing the joint between the toilet and the floor.

Connecting the water supply and sewerage requires the following steps:

• Connecting a flexible hose using a FUM tape;
• Installation of a stainless steel cut-off valve on the pipe;
• Fixing the outlet pipe into the socket of the sewer pipe.

Sewer installation

Sewer pipes are connected to the fitting with a hermetic rubber band. The percentage of the slope is from two to fifteen units - the difference between the end at the beginning and end of the pipe should be from 2 to 15 cm. When changing the direction of the sewer, the degree of turn should be made greater than the direct one. Pipes providing connection to the riser must be connected at an angle of less than 45°.

Installation of a washing machine, dishwasher and other similar equipment

Mounting plumbing fixtures by type of washing machine, dishwasher, etc. requires compliance with the following requirements:

• In the absence of a check valve, they are not installed without taking into account the level limit (outlet hose location) - the manufacturer specifies this parameter on an individual basis.
• Mandatory installation of a siphon to prevent leaks.
• Provision of stationary water drainage.
• Connecting equipment to plumbing system using 3/4" hoses. Additionally, rubber gaskets should be installed.

Modern plumbing does not get along well with old water pipes and their wiring. New dimensions of manufactured models, mounting and installation options require the replacement of old communications. The inevitability and necessity makes us consider new wiring diagrams, since the old ones are no good, and it becomes problematic to connect a washing machine, sink or toilet to them.

Design

Doing plumbing in the bathroom “by eye” is an unsuccessful decision, the consequence of which is - unnecessary problems. The best option is to decide from the very beginning what will be where, what elements of the pipeline will be needed to assemble the circuit, what their consumption and cost will be.

We make a list of necessary plumbing. A separate bathroom and toilet need a detailed, well-designed unified scheme for distributing water supply and sewerage. They do not need to be considered separately.

The list of things you need is usually:

• Washing machine.
• Shower cubicle, box, jacuzzi or bath.
• Toilet.
• Sink.
• Hygienic shower or bidet.

We mark what kind of pipeline (hot, cold water, sewage) we pull to the plumbing device. We carry out accurate measurements of the room and everything that will be in it, draw up a working drawing. It is important to calculate everything exactly so that the washing machine or bath fits into the space allotted to it.

All plumbing fixtures are connected to the water supply network one after the other.

First of all, we mark on the diagram the place where the toilet is connected to the sewer riser. They will be connected with a fitting.

We exclude all kinds of bends and turns of sewer pipes, so as not to provoke their clogging and clogging. We connect the drains of the remaining plumbing devices so that they pass through the toilet wiring.

An important task is to achieve comfortable placement, avoid piling up.

It should be noted that plumbing fixtures such as toilets, bathtubs, shower trays can have a typical (single-level) and atypical (inclined, direct) connection.

We take into account all possible nuances at the design stage, study technical documentation, we consider photo schemes various options wiring plumbing and pipes in the bathroom.

We design everything so that the premises, furniture and plumbing are convenient to use - nothing interferes with the opening and closing of doors, there is free, uncluttered access to the toilet, bathroom, sink.

Classification

When the drawing up of a visual plan is completed, we move on to putting it into practice. Difficulties with piping in the bathroom with your own hands should not arise if you understand how to do it correctly.

We select the appropriate connection scheme:

• Through the use of outlets.
• Open (all communications are visible)
• Collector (parallel connection to a common main pipe of all plumbing devices).
• Closed (all pipes are “walled up” with plaster or hidden under wall cladding)
• Sequential, using tees.

The collector type of wiring is the most complex and expensive. But its huge advantage over sequential is the even distribution of water between working appliances, you do not need to completely shut off the water in the bathroom to carry out repairs.

As for aesthetics, exposed water and sewer pipes do not look presentable in interior design. They can be hidden under decorative trim or plastered, previously laid in grooves punched on the surface.

When they are immured into walls or "sewn up" - there are difficulties with repairs (you will have to destroy a layer of plaster or remove panels to get to them) when they start to leak.

It is important, from the very beginning, to strive for tightness, rigidly and firmly connect all parts of the pipeline, use waterproofing at the joints.

Little things worth paying attention to

Assembling the plumbing scheme, pay attention to the following nuances:

• We strive for the minimum number of pipe connections to each other. The smaller the better, the more reliable the whole structure.
• We select pipes and couplings for connection from a homogeneous material.
• All communications are thermally insulated.
• We provide easy access to important elements water supply network - filters, taps, meters. So that when repairs are needed, troubleshooting does not flood half the bathroom and the neighbors below until you turn off the water!

It is also important to choose the right material with which the wiring will be performed. Modern elements pipelines are made from:

• metal plastics
• PVC.
• Of stainless steel.
• polypropylene.
• Copper (bronze).
• Cross-linked polyethylene.

The most widely used pipes are made of metal-plastic and polypropylene. Steel, polyethylene and copper pipes are expensive, less common, require special equipment for installation. alone, without outside help such materials do not assemble a wiring diagram.

Sewer pipes are made of plastic with different diameters and wall thicknesses. They are assembled very quickly, like a children's designer, reliable, durable.

How well and correctly the piping in the bathroom is done will depend further exploitation all plumbing. It is important to do everything with high quality from the very beginning, so that later you can neither redo it nor eliminate leaks and breakthroughs.

Photo wiring in the bathroom

When it comes to renovating a bathroom, replacing the plumbing lines is a must. Moreover, it is not always about dismantling old pipes and laying new ones in their place. As a rule, if the owner undertakes a cardinal arrangement of the bathroom, it involves improving the ergonomics of the usable space, combining or vice versa separating the bathroom and toilet, installing modern plumbing and household appliances, and improving the design. Naturally similar events are associated with the laying of both new water mains and drainage ones. In a word, a new piping in the bathroom will be required.

How to develop a wiring diagram?

A professionally designed plan for transforming a bathroom is a key moment in creating comfort and coziness in a home in principle, so that in the end it turns out one system, which means that all its elements should be “linked” with each other in such a way that the operation of each of them individually would be as functional and efficient as possible.

As for the bathroom, correct system in the bathroom, even with minimal overall dimensions, it will turn it into a corner of comfort and relaxation. To begin with, a clear layout of all plumbing products to which this or that pipeline will be connected is developed. Here it should be noted that if the toilet is a separate room, then the piping in the toilet should be carried out in conjunction with the bathroom.

Before you get to know all the nuances correct installation, we offer to see good example a job well done.

Video: how to separate pipes in the bathroom and toilet

Choosing the right mounting method

After a thorough study of the sketch, where all the markings and dimensions are applied, and a well-thought-out wiring diagram, you will have to think about how all this will be implemented in practice. In principle, there should not be any particular difficulties with this, since pipes can be separated in one of two ways - open or hidden.

The open method is when the communication pipelines are outside. It is characterized by simple installation work, but the aesthetic parameters leave much to be desired. Even if all communications will pass as close as possible to the floor surface.

There is no need to talk about aesthetics - definitely ugly

The hidden method implies that the pipes are hidden in wall structures. Here, everything is in order with visual perception - the highways simply will not be visible. But to perform installation in this way is an extremely difficult event. A lot of effort will take, for example, gating. It is important to note that wall gating with hidden wiring cannot be performed in load-bearing walls.

At the end finishing works pipes will not be visible at all

Hidden placement water pipes requires especially careful installation, because if a leak occurs, it will not be easy to eliminate it. For this reason the best option is a system built using copper or polypropylene pipes - they are completely non-corrosive, so they can last longer than metal ones. It is not recommended to build a hidden water supply from metal plastic pipes. During operation, it will be necessary to periodically check and tighten threaded connections fittings, which will not be easy to do on a highway hidden behind exterior trim.

We continue to work with the wiring diagram, now we need to decide how the pipes will be physically laid: in series, collector, with through sockets. The latter is practically not used in everyday life, so we will leave it to professionals. Let's take a closer look at the first two methods.

Consistently

The advantages of this option are that everything is extremely simple and clear: the main pipeline is laid in stages, connecting one device to another. From an installation standpoint, it's a great choice.

There is only one drawback - during operation, uneven distribution of water pressure, if several devices are used simultaneously.

With collector

This method involves the installation of a valve on each pipe leading to the device. This will allow repair without shutting down the entire system. Collector wiring is the creation a separate section piping for each device. Provides uniform distribution of water to water intake points. A "novice plumber", however, this method may be too tough - it requires a lot of patience and labor. Well, plus everything else, it turns out an increased consumption of materials.

Such wiring is quite difficult to install - consider whether it is worth taking on it yourself

Whichever option is preferred, in any case, the following conditions must be met: the minimum possible number of connecting nodes and bends of the mains, as well as the maximum integrity. Overlaps of cold and hot water lines are allowed only in exceptional cases with complex water supply, and in general, the wiring of water supply and drainage pipes should have a finished, concise appearance.

Dead-end and closed circuit: pros and cons

The sequential and collector-beam circuits discussed above refer to the so-called deaf (dead-end) methods of distributing water pipes. In them, each branch of the water supply ends with a consumption point (dead end). Such a network configuration is good in terms of saving materials and space, but it loses in comfort when it comes to hot water supply. The water in the main will constantly cool down, so before taking advantage of all the benefits of hot water supply, you will have to drain several liters of liquid into the sewer each time. It would seem that not so high flow per year will result in several wasted cubic meters. In addition, the delay in supplying water at a suitable temperature takes time and causes discomfort.

Water supply system with constant circulation hot liquid will save some cubic meters water per year

A way out of this situation can be found in the installation of closed-type wiring. characteristic feature This scheme is the constant circulation of hot water in a circle. Since at the same time it has a constant temperature at each point of the pipeline, the consumer will receive hot water as soon as the valve is opened. The obvious advantage of this method is complemented by another plus - the absence of sudden temperature changes, which is important for hot water supply systems. It has a closed circulation wiring and disadvantages. A more intricate scheme complicates installation and requires additional costs materials and equipment. So, when arranging it, you will need almost twice as many pipes, and in addition, you will have to install a separate circulation pump, which will ensure the forced movement of fluid through the system.

Algorithm for performing installation work

The very first step, whether it be hidden system or open, is the installation of a control valve. Considering the fact that the quality of the supplied water from their central conduit is, to put it mildly, unsatisfactory, installation is a mandatory measure. It is mounted immediately after the valve. Then a water meter is installed and (optional).

If the pressure of the supplied water in the line exceeds the permissible limits, then a pressure reducer is installed. It is important to note that the gearbox must be equipped with a pressure gauge, through which the parameters are set that will be most optimal for the operation of specific plumbing fixtures, usually 3-4 atm.

At the very end, the collectors are installed. AT trading network they are offered with outlets from 2 to 4. If there is a need, then the products can be combined. Ideally, the manifold should be provided with shut-off valves. When connected in series, a tee is used to go to the devices.

What materials to use?

It is quite difficult to answer this question unambiguously - there are a lot of factors of influence. Let's just say that the most popular among the consumer audience when creating sewer pipelines and systems with cold water are pvc pipes. In the same place where hot water is supposed to be transported, it is worth giving preference. A stainless steel towel warmer will last longer than a brass one.

Errors in the design of water supply systems

Novice plumbers often make a number of mistakes that make the installation of a water supply system more difficult and reduce its reliability. And although the mistakes made during the work are not critical, however, the risk of leakage is associated with such unpleasant factors as the appearance of mold and the destruction of the finish.

So here are some of the most common mistakes.

1. Arrangement of the hot water supply system is carried out polypropylene pipes without internal reinforcement. If a hidden mounting scheme is used, then this is not a critical mistake. In the case when the wiring is visible, such an oversight can lead to a decrease in the aesthetics of the structure - pipes intended for cold water will “lead” when heated.
2. The system provides for an insufficient number of shut-off valves or is missing check valves. Shut-off valves should be installed at the inlet of each branch and in front of all flow points, and check valves should prevent the flow of heated water from the hot mains to the cold.
3. Hot water supply is not insulated when it is concealed installation. Such "savings" lead to a drop in the temperature of the liquid along the way from the riser to the plumbing fixture. In addition, the appearance of condensate on the surface of the pipes causes the spread of mold and damage to finishing materials.
4. When drawing up a wiring diagram, it is necessary to consider the location of the pipes so that they do not overlap the joints. Subsequently, this will save a lot of time and nerves in the event of leaks or the need to carry out preventive work.
5. When designing a water supply system, the placement of sewer pipes is not taken into account, which can lead to difficult access during repairs.

In addition, it should be remembered that even the most ideally designed plumbing can cause a lot of trouble if its installation was carried out carelessly or in violation of technology.

With what mistakes should not be made when installing pipes in the bathroom, you had the opportunity to get acquainted a little higher. Now we offer to watch the video material, where the complex collector wiring is done correctly.

The word "plumbing" is often used in Everyday life. This concept is quite capacious and applies to a wide range of equipment. Plumbing in a private house or apartment is bathtubs, shower boxes, faucets, bidets, valves, toilet bowls, pipe products, siphons and other things related to sewerage and water supply, without which it is unthinkable comfortable life modern man. A private house, cottage or apartment is permeated with engineering systems. Water supply and sewer networks are among the most important communications. This article is devoted to the main issues that are associated with the plumbing of a private house.

How is plumbing arranged in a private house

Water pipes- This is a type of engineering communications responsible for providing a private house with water. Its purpose is to organize a stable transportation of water to the points of water intake. The operation of the water supply system of a private house is provided by a set of functional equipment: these are pumping stations, storage tanks, filters, circulation pumps, etc.

No less important systems of a private house are sewers providing removal of sewage and used water resources with subsequent treatment.

Internal engineering systems of a private house

Water is delivered and sewage is removed through pipelines using plumbing and special equipment, which are located inside a private house. The place of water inlet and outlet of sewage is, as a rule, in the foundation of the building.

Plumbing that ensures the operation of the water supply inside a private house:

water supply entry point;

water metering and distributing unit;

plumbing for heating water (boiler or boiler);

pipelines for supplying cold and hot water to consumption points in a private house;

water supplies to the main places of consumption;

plumbing fixtures (faucets, showers, sinks, etc.).

Plumbing internal sewerage:

pipelines from places of water consumption;

sewer riser;

exit point of the sewer from a private house.

Outdoor plumbing and sewerage system

Plumbing of external networks of a private house:

external pipelines;

sewer wells(inspection, rotary, filtration, revision, etc.);

cleaning systems;

well, well or other structure for water intake;

pump or pumping station.

To organize the water supply system of a private house, the following types of pumps are used:

submersible - devices that are immersed in a well or well below the water surface;

surface - devices used for the equipment of pumping stations located on the surface;

fecal - devices designed for pumping liquids with the inclusion of particles of a certain fraction.

House plumbing and sewerage project

Reliability of plumbing and engineering networks a private house largely depends on the professionalism of the designers. The calculation of the water supply and sewerage project is carried out even before the construction or reconstruction of the house begins. Often there are examples when design work developers do on your own. If for a small cottage with a simple network and simple plumbing, this option can take place, then for a private house with modern layout design work should be carried out by engineers who are familiar with modern technologies and plumbing innovations. The simplest engineering communications project for a private house involves the location of the kitchen next to the bathroom, which can use a common sewer riser.

For a private house with several bathrooms located on different floors, you will need more a complex system with different stands.

To draw up an engineering project for the plumbing of a private house, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures.

Determine the source of water supply. For a country private house in places where there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized water supply system, water can be taken from a well, an equipped well, or nearby reservoirs.

Compile an engineering topographic site plan, as well as analyze the composition of soils and the depth of groundwater.

Determine the volume of water that needs to be supplied per day, and the amount of wastewater to be discharged. These calculations are required for right choice engineering plumbing of a private house.

Determine which treatment plant will be used for water supply of a private house. The preferred option is to install ready septic tanks which are produced by various manufacturers. In some cases, due to the characteristics of the site and the level of groundwater, it may be necessary to install local treatment or arrange a storage septic tank.

After completing the procedures described above, specialists select the necessary equipment and plumbing for a private house, and also draw up a detailed design of water supply and sewerage systems.

Plumbing in a private house: laying scheme

There are several ways to carry out plumbing in a private house. Wherein different schemes connections are based on uniform principles of arrangement.

1. Plumbing scheme in a private house

Regardless of the chosen water supply scheme in a private house and the plumbing used, there are two main options for connecting distribution points:

serial way to connect consumers;

parallel way to connect plumbing for water consumption.

Serial Connection Diagram used to equip a small private house with a small number of water consumption points. According to its principles, water from the source of water intake enters one plumbing device and then goes to another (i.e., the pump supplies water to the accumulator, then to the sink, and then to the bathroom, bathroom, etc.).

When using this scheme to supply water to several types of plumbing, there is a significant pressure drop on devices located at the end points. The arrangement of a consistent water supply system is simple. A tee with one inlet and two outlets is mounted on the pipe that goes to the water consumption device (one supplies water to the required plumbing, and the other to the next equipment).

parallel circuit connecting the water supply of a private house necessarily contains such a type of equipment as a collector, from which water is supplied separately to each element of consumption plumbing.

Consistent and parallel circuit plumbing connections of a private house can be used both when connected to a centralized water supply system, and when water is supplied from autonomous sources.

The standard water supply system of a private house includes the following elements.

Water intake point (central water supply or autonomous sources).

Pumping equipment (for autonomous sources).

Hydraulic accumulator for the accumulation of certain volumes of water.

Plumbing for water treatment. After the water accumulator, a tee with shut-off plumbing is installed, which provides water supply to private houses, and for watering plants and trees personal plot. Filtration plumbing is installed on the outlet that supplies water to household water intake devices.

Behind the filtration plumbing, it is necessary to install another tee with shut-off plumbing, which will separate the system into hot and cold water circuits.

The cold water piping must be connected to a suitable collector. This element of plumbing must be equipped with shut-off valves at all outlets.

The hot water circuit piping must supply water to the boiler or boiler.

After water heater hot water is fed to a collector equipped with shut-off valves at all outlets. From its outlets, water enters the plumbing of hot water.

Plumbing systems in a private house can contain a wide range of plumbing and auxiliary equipment - pumping automation, water meters, pressure sensors, etc.

How to make plumbing in a private house should be taken care of at the stage of choosing a building project. To reduce the length of the pipeline, it is better to locate the water consumption points in one part of the building. This solution will not only reduce the cost of purchasing pipes, arranging water supply and sewerage, but will also simplify engineering networks, minimize the number of connections, and reduce the likelihood of malfunctions during operation. If a decision is made to independently draw up a layout for the plumbing of a private house, it must be applied to the building plan or to graph paper. The stages of drawing up engineering network diagrams are as follows.

At the beginning of drawing up the plumbing layout of a private house, fence and drain points are applied to the plan. The plan is drawn up separately for each floor of the building.

After drawing the consumption / drain points on the plumbing layout plan, the location of the common riser is indicated. For the riser and outlets of toilet bowls, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of mounting a pipe with a diameter of 11 cm. The length of the outlet in the area from the collector to the toilet must be more than one meter. Drain points are located as close to the riser as possible. At the same time, the greater the outlet of the drain points, the shorter the distance to the riser should be.

The next stage involves drawing on the plan the points of placement of plumbing and collector pipeline lines that lead to the exit node from a private house. It is installed in the foundation of the building and involves the installation of a protective sleeve in the form of a large diameter pipe.

Then you need to draw lines for laying wastewater from the points of water intake to the collector. Taps that are in close proximity to each other (eg sink and bath taps) must be combined. This rule does not apply to plumbing outlets such as a toilet, the drain of which must be cut separately from other outlets.

The sewerage of a private house should be designed with a pipe slope of 3% for pipelines with a diameter of 5 cm and 2% for pipes with a diameter of 11 cm.

The next step in drawing up a plumbing scheme for a private house involves drawing a point for placing a fan pipe.

The drawing up of a plan for the placement of plumbing is completed by drawing the line of the external sewage system of a private house, which is applied taking into account the characteristics of the landscape, the location of adjoining buildings and trees. If external communications are of considerable length, it is necessary to provide for the arrangement of revision wells every 10 m. Such elements must also be placed at the turning points of the sewer pipe, as well as at the tie-in points of other lines.

How is the installation of plumbing in a private house

Installation of water pipes

After drawing up the layout of the plumbing of a private house, you can proceed to the direct installation of engineering communications. Ready-made wiring diagrams should contain not only the exact coordinates of the placement of pipes, fittings, plumbing elements, but also their dimensional parameters. It should be taken into account that the incorrect selection of the diameter of pipelines reduces the efficiency of the functioning of engineering networks. To equip plumbing, the master must have the skills to read engineering drawings. Installation of plumbing in a private house is carried out after the completion of the construction of the box and the arrangement of the roof.

Rules for the installation of plumbing in a private house:

placement of the entry point of the pipe for supplying water to a private house produced at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the exit point of the sewer, gas main or heating system;

immediately behind the wall where the water entry point is located, you need to equip a water metering point. This node is best combined with a stroke that provides the possibility of supplying an increased volume of water (this may be necessary when extinguishing fires and in other cases);

to the water metering unit there is a departmental stop valves, and after it, an intra-house shut-off valve is installed;

calculation of the diameter of water pipes is made taking into account the planned volumes of water consumption and the number of plumbing elements for water consumption;

the laying of the internal pipeline and sewerage of a private house is most often done in the basement;

for water pipes of a private house with a long length, it is necessary to provide for the installation of three circulation pumps, two of which are necessary to ensure the supply of water at minimum and peak water consumption, and the third serves as a backup equipment;

the slope angle of the internal water supply of a private house depends on the diameter of the pipes and is indicated in the plumbing layout.

Installation of an external sewer system

Rules for the arrangement of external elements of the water supply and sewerage of a private house:

laying pipes in the ground should be carried out at a depth exceeding the freezing point;

when sewer pipes intersect with water pipes, the latter are laid above the sewer pipes by at least 0.4 m. To protect cast-iron and plastic pipes from mechanical deformation, special casings made of durable steel are installed at the intersections. The length of such a casing should exceed 10 m (in each direction) for sandy soils and 5 m for clay-based soils;

pipeline intersections must be designed at an angle of 90 degrees;

with parallel laying of water supply and sewerage, the distance between the outer walls of pipes with a diameter of up to 20 cm should be more than 1.5 m.

Installation of internal and external engineering communications of a private house is a complex process, the success of which largely depends on a professionally drawn up plumbing scheme. For the normal and safe functioning of the water supply or sewage system, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements of SNiP.

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house

Start with plumbing since the presence of water is necessary already at the stage of building a private house. AT this case first of all, you need to think about providing a supply of cold water. You can also install a heating boiler, the installation of which is a simple procedure.

To equip the water supply of a private house, plumbing, materials and tools are needed:

shut-off plumbing;

PVC pipes;

pump equipment;

a set of keys;

pliers;

• Bulgarian.

Before you do plumbing in a private house, you need to determine what types of plumbing equipment will be installed. Consider general rules and installation sequence.

As stated above, on initial stage a plan should be developed for the placement of plumbing and plumbing elements. The scheme should include information about all the nodes of the external and internal wiring of the water supply system of a private house. Based on the parameters of the water supply, you need to choose the optimal equipment for arranging pumping station. Manufacturers of such equipment attach to it wiring diagram indicating the main features of connecting to the water supply of a private house. It is necessary to place the pump plumbing unit in such a way as to minimize the noise from its operation. To do this, select the most convenient place in the house (in the basement or basements). In the documentation for the pumping station, you can find information about the noise level that is created during its operation.

After a location has been chosen pumping equipment, you can start arranging trenches for laying external pipes through which water from the source will be supplied to the house. Their depth should exceed the level of soil freezing. If missing technical possibility laying the pipeline at such a distance, it is necessary to carry out the insulation of the line using special fiberglass materials.

After arranging the outer part of the water supply of a private house and installing pump plumbing, installation is carried out internal pipes. This is very milestone, which must be carried out with strict observance of the technology for performing work. When the distribution of water pipes is completed, the specialists proceed to the installation of plumbing and installation sewer system.

Let's consider installation of the sewerage for the private house. Here, even before the installation work, an engineering diagram of the system is drawn up, indicating the points of placement of plumbing. A professionally drawn up sewerage plan will eliminate the difficulties during installation and problems during operation.

Sewerage of a private house includes external and internal systems. The elements of outdoor installation include sewer pipes and cleaning systems. Inner part also consists of piping and plumbing of a private house.

Rules for installing sewerage in a private house:

when choosing a location cesspool it is necessary to provide for the possibility of unhindered access to it by sewage trucks;

the lowest line of the cesspool is placed one meter deeper than the freezing level of the soil. The sewage collector is equipped with a slope and must have a depth of more than 70 cm.

In situations where it is not possible to lay sewer pipes below the freezing level, the collector is insulated.

For the installation of the sewer system of a private house, plastic pipes are currently used. Unlike metal products such a pipe will not experience problems with corrosion. The installation of these elements of a private house is carried out by inserting one pipe into another, followed by sealing the seams. Laying of sewer pipes is carried out in strict accordance with preliminary calculations depths. This will allow the line to be laid on undisturbed solid ground, which will prevent the elements from bending. Pipes for risers and collectors must be of a larger diameter than sewer pipes coming from private home plumbing.

To carry out work on the arrangement of sewage systems in a private house, experienced and highly qualified specialists should be involved. The works on the installation and connection of plumbing are carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of building codes according to the drawn up scheme. Only experienced specialists who perform work under engineering supervision can satisfy such parameters.

What is the cost of plumbing work in a private house

Starting to set up engineering systems of a private house, to the repair of bathrooms, the installation of a bathtub and other plumbing, customers are primarily interested in the cost of work. To draw up an estimate, a free visit of the measurer to the object is provided. The table, which is presented to your attention on this page, shows the approximate prices for the installation of plumbing in a private house. The final estimate depends on the choice of the contractor for these works.

Type of service	Price
Installation of a sink, toilet bowl, bathtub, bidet, shower box	2000-5000 rubles
Connection household appliances: washing machine, dishwasher, etc.	from 1000 rubles
Installation of a water supply pipeline (price of a plumbing connection point)	from 1200 rubles
Sewer pipeline installation (connection point price)	from 800 rubles
Additional services: meter installation, dismantling, riser installation, etc.	from 300 rubles

The higher the qualifications of specialists who install plumbing in a private house, the more reliable the operation of engineering systems will be and the more comfortable living will become. The main task of plumbing is to create the most convenient conditions for the operation of sewerage and water supply. Plumbing has long ceased to be a luxury and is a basic necessity in a private home. At the same time, nothing is permanent. Like all equipment known to us, it also needs periodic maintenance and repair. The performance of such operations is always associated with the purchase of materials, the selection of components, repair kits.

Order this product guaranteed quality at manufacturer's prices, you can in the catalog presented on the official website of the specialized company "SantekhStandard". The developers of the portal took care of creating the most convenient conditions for finding the right products. Here you can profitably buy water pipes made of polypropylene or metal-plastic, various fittings, valves, faucets and other plumbing with delivery.

You can get qualified advice and place an order by phone:

Plumbing in a new building or any apartment is an important process. Do-it-yourself plumbing wiring is quite real, important correct scheme and knowledge about plumbing installation. This is a rather difficult and very responsible job. The efficiency of the functioning of the entire plumbing system in the apartment depends on how it is correctly thought out and carefully executed. The technologies of construction and installation works in this direction that exist today are quite simple and affordable. Therefore, you should not rush here to call plumbers. Many can safely do the wiring or installation of plumbing equipment on their own with their own hands. In addition, such a statement of the question will, among other things, save a certain amount in the family budget.

Of course, before starting work, it is necessary to arm yourself with certain knowledge that will allow you to carefully study, analyze the situation, and then provide for the correct stepping each subsequent action. To help you do high-quality wiring with your own hands, let's try to figure out the nuances, difficulties, and main stages of this work.

• 1 We plan the placement of plumbing and basic communication wiring
• 2 Mounting method
  • 2.1 Open installation of water pipes
• 4 We plan the wiring
• 5 Materials and tools
• 6 Wiring order and technological nuances
• 7 Installation of sewer pipes
• 8 Conclusion

We plan the placement of plumbing and basic communication wiring

Of course, each owner plans in advance the placement in the bathroom, toilet or combined bathroom, the main plumbing and Appliances, this is:

• Bathroom;
• Shower cubicle;
• Toilet;
• Bidet;
• Washing machine;
• Wash basin;
• Hygienic shower;
• Heating boiler.

When this choice is defined and clarified their main dimensions, you need to decide on engineering communications. To the bath, shower, bidet, washbasin, sewer pipes, hot and cold water pipes are required. To the toilet washing machine need to be summed up cold water and divert sewerage. To hygienic soul and the heating boiler will require cold and hot water piping.

To schematically designate the wiring for plumbing fixtures, first consider the main clarifying aspects.

Mounting method

Pipe laying can be done in two main ways: open or closed. In terms of reliability, these installation schemes are approximately the same, however, there are certain differences between them.

Outdoor installation of water pipes

With open installation, pipes are installed on top of the floor or walls. If possible, they can be hidden under a false wall or any decorative structure. The advantages of an open installation are:

1. Laying of any pipes.
2. Easy installation, maintenance, repair.
3. Lightweight layout.
4. No need to ditch the walls.
5. Inexpensive dismantling.
6. Constant monitoring of the condition of pipes.
7. The ability to add the required new line at any time without spending much time and money on dismantling or repair work.

To disadvantages open mounting include:

1. Unsightly appearance.
2. Reducing usable area.

The last factor is very critical for small spaces. The absence of extra centimeters will not make it possible to place plumbing fixtures as we would like. Because part of the required volumetric space will be occupied by plumbing or sewer wiring.

This installation is more aesthetic and involves laying pipes directly into the wall. This method of installation makes it possible to arrange furniture and plumbing fixtures without loss of free space. However, there are significant drawbacks here:

1. Limited choice of pipe material.
2. The complexity of preparatory work.
3. The complexity of the installation and connection of pipes.
4. Impossibility of urgent repair work in case of leaks due to preliminary dismantling and destruction of wall finishes.

When choosing hidden wiring, you must always remember its scheme. Otherwise, if it becomes necessary to make a hole for installing a mirror, do not accidentally drill a pipe, thereby creating an unpleasant situation for yourself and your neighbors living on the floor below.

For our modern apartments, you can choose two options for breeding water pipes

1. Collector.
2. Tee.

First option in order easier than the second in installation, more practical in terms of operation, but more complex in execution. With this installation, each plumbing fixture has its own pipe. This is done so that when water is taken, it is evenly distributed to each installed device. In this scheme, you need to use a little large quantity pipes than in tee wiring, however, the number of connections is much less here. Therefore, the cost of the collector option is higher than the tee.

With a tee system, each new branch must have its own shut-off valve. Therefore, in the event of a failure of any plumbing fixture, it will not be necessary to turn off the entire system. Although, in any case, a shut-off valve at the apartment entrance must always be installed.

We are planning the wiring

Having decided on the laying method and the wiring diagram, knowing the overall dimensions of plumbing fixtures, you can draw on paper the pipe layout, which you need to do with your own hands. The diagram defines the installation locations of all plumbing equipment, which includes:

• Cranes;
• Toilet;
• Bath;
• sink and so on.

All measurements must be made carefully with the maximum high precision. In this case, it is desirable to adhere to the following recommendations in the scheme:

1. Try to avoid crossing pipes.
2. Pipes of water supply and sewerage should be laid side by side as close as possible, so that later they can be closed with one box.
3. Don't over-complicate the wiring. Try to keep everything as simple as possible.
4. If the main pipes are located below the floor, the water outlets through the tees must be drawn perpendicularly upwards.
5. Vertical outlets of sewer pipes are replaced with flexible hoses that are inserted into tees.
6. For wiring, professionals advise using polypropylene pipes. They work great in cold and hot water systems; heating and sewerage. By technical parameters These products are characterized by high strength, durability, ease of installation. In addition, they are available in a price range. Connect them using special welding.

Materials and tools

After studying the scheme, carefully checking, clarifying the calculated data, you can buy pipes, fittings and the necessary fittings with a margin of 5 - 10% of the planned calculation for doing the work yourself.

In addition, it is necessary to have a certain set of tools in the form of:

• Scissors for cutting pipes;
• Soldering iron for welding;
• Marker for marking;
• pliers;
• Adjustable wrenches;
• Knife;
• Roulettes.

Wiring order and technological nuances

Consider the main stages of distributing water pipes.

1. Initially, inlet valves or ball valves should be installed from the main general hot and cold water supply system in the apartment.
2. Then, filters should be installed in the main outlets to the apartment for deep cleaning of the supplied water.
3. After them, counters are mounted, like metering devices.
4. They are followed by installed pressure reducers that regulate the supply of water to plumbing fixtures.
5. Shutting off the water supply from the common riser, further wiring is carried out according to the worked out scheme.
6. You can do it yourself, starting from the main riser or soldering pipes from the last device to the main riser.
7. It is necessary to work with a soldering iron very carefully so as not to burn yourself, while fulfilling all the requirements of the instructions for it.
8. The layout of water pipes ends with end outlets in the form of "American women". On the one hand, they are soldered to the pipe, and the other has a thread for connecting a flexible hose.

Installation of sewer pipes

The assembly of sewer pipes is simple, but very responsible. When doing this work with your own hands, it is necessary to check that there are special rubber gaskets in all the connecting spaces of the pipe. This is necessary to ensure a quality connection, to prevent leaks and the spread of an unpleasant odor.

When wiring sewer pipes, it must be borne in mind that their slope to the main riser from plumbing equipment should be within 3 centimeters per meter of pipe.

Conclusion

Careful planning and scrupulous work on the plumbing layout in the apartment will allow anyone who is confident in their abilities to do it with their own hands. The main thing in this work is that all locking mechanisms and valves are within quick reach.

Starting work and planning the wiring on your own, it is better to additionally consult and coordinate it with professionals who can notice shortcomings and give practical advice on all issues. Then, for sure, having received the approval of specialists, you can save the family budget and enjoy the work done.