In the section on the question Tell me examples of sentences for sequential, parallel and homogeneous subordination in compound sentences given by the author Neurosis the best answer is 1. Homogeneous submission
[But it's sad to think], (that youth was given to us in vain), (that they cheated on her every hour), (that she deceived us) ... (A. Pushkin) - [verb], (union what), (union what), (union what) ...
Homogeneous clauses, like homogeneous members, have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation).
2. Parallel subordination
(If I had a hundred lives), [they would not satiate all the thirst for knowledge], (which burns me) (V. Bryusov) - (union if), [n.] , (p. word which).
Heterogeneous clauses have different meaning, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence.
3. Consistent submission
[She was horrified"], (when she found out), (that the father was carrying the letter) (F. Dostoevsky) -, (s. when verb), (s. what).
subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree), etc.

And everything connected with it is studied in school course Russian language, and is also included in the examination work.

Variants of subordination of dependent parts (successive subordination of subordinate clauses as well) will be discussed below.

Complex sentence: types of subordinate clauses

A complex sentence is a sentence where there are two or more grammatical bases, one of which is the main one, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out(main part), when morning came(dependent part). Subordinate, or dependent, parts can be different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main clause to the dependent one. Yes, when asked which the dependent part is considered definitive: the forest (what?) in which we walked has thinned out. If the question of circumstance is attached to the dependent part, then the subordinate part is defined as adverbial. Finally, if the question to the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.

Complex sentence: several subordinate clauses

Often in texts and exercises there are several subordinate clauses. At the same time, not only the subordinate clauses themselves can be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main clause or to each other.

To determine the parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. Solving this issue, it is necessary first of all to find the main sentence, and then, asking questions from it, determine the nature of subordination.

Subordination and sequential subordination

In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative stems, there may be subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate clauses that depend on a single main clause. Sequential subordination is different from subordination. The fact is that in compound sentences with sequential subordination, not all subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, that is, they do not have subordination.

It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find the consistent subordination of the subordinate clauses.

• Read the offer carefully.
• Highlight grammar points.
• Determine if the sentence is complex. In other words, find out whether there are main and dependent parts, or parts of a complex sentence are equal.
• Identify subordinate clauses related directly to the main clause.
• The subordinate clause, which is not related in meaning to the main clause, will refer to another part dependent on the main clause. This is the sequential subordination of subordinate parts.

Following this algorithm, you can quickly find the sentence specified in the task.

The main thing is to know the answer to the question, the consistent subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where such a subordinate clause depends on the main clause, which is the main one for another subordinate clause.

The structure of sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

Structurally, the most interesting is a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent clauses can be located both outside the main clause and inside it.

The day they spent in a sunny city where there are many historical monuments they will remember forever.

Here is the main suggestion they will remember the day forever encircles related subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause depends on the main clause which they spent in the sunny city. This subordinate part is the main one for the subordinate defining part. where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. In another sentence He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken the main clause is located outside the subordinate clauses.

Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

Sequential subordination of subordinate parts is used as in colloquial speech as well as in writing. Such sentences are found in fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkin: Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies as the best dancer, which was ... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who came the next day to apologize to Gavrilo Afanasyevich; at L.N. Tolstoy: He remembered how once he thought that his husband had found out, and was preparing for a duel ... in which he intended to shoot in the air; from I.A. Bunin: And when I looked up, it again seemed to me ... that this silence is a mystery, a part of what is beyond the cognizable.

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of three types of subordination of secondary (or dependent) parts in Each type has its own subtleties and tricks, knowing which you can easily determine this type.

Homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

All three types characterize the order in which the answer to the question posed from the main part of the sentence occurs. It is worth noting that there can be (and most often happens) several accessory parts and they can stand both in front of the main part and after it.

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is such subordination when all minor parts answer the same question. As a rule, such clauses have one common union or For example: "Mom told me that everything would be fine and that she would buy me a doll." In this case, one common union "what" can be seen. However, there are also cases when the union is omitted, but it is implied. An example is the following sentence: "Nastya noticed that he was looking at her and he had a blush on his cheeks." In this version, the union is omitted, but the meaning remains the same. It is very important to clearly see this omitted conjunction, as such sentences are often found on the exam.

Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is such a subordination when minor members answer the question of their "predecessor", That is, questions are asked from each part of the sentence to the subsequent member. For example: “I am sure that if I get an excellent score, then I will get into a good educational institution". The sequence is clearly expressed here: I am sure (of what?), that ..., then (what will happen?).

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is a type of subordination when the secondary parts belong to one They do not answer one question, but together they explain the meaning of the main statement. It is desirable to make schemes of this kind in order not to make a mistake in determining the type. So, submissions: "When the cat jumped out of the window, Masha pretended that nothing terrible had happened." So, the main part is the middle of the sentence (and from it you can ask a question both to the first subordinate clause and to the second one): Masha pretended (when?) and (what happened then?). It is worth noting that a simple complex sentence will not contain any of the above types of subordination. As a rule, they are built only on between parts.

Thus, we can conclude that in a complex sentence, dependent parts have three types of attachment: homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Each type defines a dependency on the main member and a relationship with the same minor parts. To correctly determine this type, it is enough just to correctly ask a question and draw diagrams of complex sentences, marking these very questions with arrows. After a visual drawing, everything will immediately become clear.

42. The concept of a non-union complex sentence. Typology of non-union proposals

Associative compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of unions or allied words: [ Habit over usgiven ]: [ replacement happinessshe is] (A. Pushkin).

The semantic relations between simple sentences in allied and are expressed in different ways. In allied sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore the semantic relations here are more definite and clear. For example, union so expresses the consequence because- the reason if- condition, but- opposition, etc.

The semantic relations between simple sentences are less clearly expressed than in the union. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in terms of intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others to complex ones. However, often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both a complex and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: Searchlights lit up- it became light around; Searchlights were lit, and it became light around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.

Meaningful relationships in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of their simple sentences and are expressed in speech by intonation, and in writing various signs punctuation (see the section "Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).

AT non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:

I. enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):

[I_did not see you for a whole week], [Ididn't hear you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .

Such non-union complex sentences approach compound sentences with a connecting union and.

Like their synonymous compound sentences, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity enumerated events and 2) their sequences.

1) \ Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the darknessneighing horses ], [from the taborfloated tender and passionatesong- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.

stirred ], [ fluttered half asleepbirdie ] (V. Garshin)- ,.

Associative compound sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.

II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):

[I unhappy ]: [everydayguests ] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinate causes.

III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first one):

1) [ Items were lost form]: [everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-

2) [Like all Moscow, yourfather is like that ]: [ would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-

Such unionless proposals synonymous with sentences with explanatory conjunction namely.

IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or the word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back etc.; in the second case, we can talk about the omission of words like see, hear etc.):

1) [ Nastya during the storyremembered ]: [she has from yesterdayremained whole intactcast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.

2) [ I came to my senses, Tatyana looks ]: [bearNo ]... (A. Pushkin)- :.

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses. (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).

v. Comparative-adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):

1) [Allhappy family looks like and each other], [eachunhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.

2) [Chinfollowed to him]- [he service suddenlyleft ] (A. Griboyedov)- - .

Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversative conjunctions ah, but.

VI. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):

1) [ Do you like to ride ] - [ love and sleighcarry ] (proverb)- - .

2) [ see you with Gorky]- [ talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.

Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate conditions or tense.

VII. Consequences(the second sentence names the consequence of what the first says):

[Smallthe rain sows since morning]- [ it's impossible to get out ] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT

44. Contaminated types of complex syntactic constructions

The identification of two levels of articulation of complex syntactic constructions leads to the conclusion about the structural contamination of such constructions. Contaminated are complex constructions in which whole complex sentences act as constituent components. Since a subordinating connection is a connection that is the closest (in comparison with a coordinating one, for example), it is natural that a complex sentence usually acts as a single component of a complex syntactic construction, although an union-free association of parts within a component is also possible if these parts are interdependent.

A complex sentence can be a component of a compound sentence, a non-union sentence, and, finally, even a complex sentence.

1. Complex sentence as a component complex design With writing connection: Each child must experience his own, deeply individual life in the world of the word, and the richer, fuller it is, the happier days and the years that we passed through a field of joys and sorrows, happiness and sorrow (Sukhoml.). The peculiarity of the structure of this sentence lies in the fact that the composing union and (at the junction of two components of a complex structure) stands immediately before the first part of the comparative union with something - that, but attaches the entire comparative sentence as a whole, which, in turn, is complicated by the attributive clause.

In addition to the union and, other composing unions are often found in similar syntactic conditions: Our courtship with the countess's house is destroyed and cannot be restored; but even if it could, he would not be again (Vost.); What happened is gone, no one cares about it, and if Laevsky finds out, he won’t believe (Ch.).

The following complex constructions with a coordinative connection at the first level of articulation are similar in structure, although they have a different degree of internal complexity:

1) Occasionally a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass, and if you looked closely, you could see its finest crystalline structure (Paust.);

2) We left Blok’s reading, but went on foot, and Blok was taken to the second performance in a car, and by the time we got to Nikitsky Boulevard, where the Press House was located, the evening ended and Blok left for the Society of Italian Literature Lovers (Past.).

2. A complex sentence as a component of a complex construction with unionless bond: For a long time it was done like this: if a Cossack rode alone on the road to Millerovo, without comrades, then when he met with the Ukrainians ... he did not give way, the Ukrainians beat him (Shol.). A feature of the structure of this sentence is the presence in the first part of the synsemantic word so, the content of which is concretized by a complex sentence, in turn, complicated by a non-free lexical part cost ...

3. A complex sentence as a component of another complex sentence [Lack of heterogeneous syntactic connection in such constructions could serve as a basis for considering them in polynomial complex sentences (see § 124). However, the special structural organization of such sentences and its similarity with the constructions described in this section allow us to place them here in order to preserve the system in the presentation.].

1) Let the father not think that if a person was nicknamed Efficient Momun, then he is bad (Aitm.).

2) Everyone knows that since the fisherman is unlucky, sooner or later such a good failure will happen to him that they will talk about it in the village for at least ten years (Paust.).

This structural type of a complex sentence is distinguished by the unity of construction: the first subordinating conjunction does not refer to the part immediately following it, but to the entire subsequent construction as a whole. Most often, a complex sentence placed after a subordinating union has a double union fastening its parts (if ... then, with what ... by that, although ... but etc.) or subordinating unions with particles-braces (if ... then, if ... so, when ... then, since ... then, once ... then, etc.). For example: Who does not know that when a patient wants to smoke, it means the same thing that he wanted to live (Prishv.); It seemed that in order to believe that the plan for the slow movement of deforestation and food consumption was his plan, it was necessary to hide the fact that he insisted on the completely opposite military enterprise of the year 45 (L.T.); Baburov, during this outburst of anger, suddenly gathered the remnants of pride and in response said loudly, with some even pomposity, that since there is an order not to let the enemy into the Crimean land, then no matter what it costs him, he will fulfill the order (Sim.).

In the given examples, there is a different degree of internal complexity, but they are united by one common structural indicator: they are built according to the “main part + subordinate” scheme (more often explanatory, but causal, concessive and investigative is also possible), which is a whole complex sentence (with relations conditions, reasons, time, comparison, less often - concessions and goals). The specified feature of contaminated complex sentences does not allow us to see here the usual sequential subordination in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses. Such a description does not reflect the actual structure of the syntactic construction.

As can be seen from the examples given, the most common type of contaminated complex sentence is the sentence with the union that (at the first level of articulation). However, other unions are also possible, although they are much less common, for example: because, since, so, although. Such combinations of subordinating unions are possible: what once ... then; what if...then; that once ... then; that although ... but; because somehow... then; because once ... then; because if...then; because once ... then; because though...but; so once... then; so if...then; so once ... then; so although...but; because once ... then; because if...then; because just ... then; because although ... but; so as to; although if...then; although once ... then; at least once ... then; although so that others. For example: But, probably, something had already happened in the world or was happening at that time - fatal and irreparable - because although it was still the same hot seaside summer, the dacha no longer seemed to me a Roman villa (Kat .); I really wanted to ask where Molly and long ago Lee Duroc returned, because although nothing followed from this, I am naturally curious about everything (Green).

Approximately the same confluence of alliances is observed in the sentence. The second poster said that our main apartment was in Vyazma, that Count Wittgenstein defeated the French, but that since many residents want to arm themselves, there are weapons prepared for them in the arsenal (L.T.) , where the third explanatory clause (after the union but) is a complex sentence.

A complex sentence can be a component of a complex polynomial sentence with several main ones: When they were driving to the place of logging, it suddenly became very warm and the sun shone so brightly that it hurt the eyes (gas.).

4. Compound sentence as a component of a complex sentence: I did not want to think that not only the guys were not interested in this magnificent picture, but many adults were at least indifferent. As an explanatory clause, a compound sentence with a union is used here not only ... but also.

Such proposals are possible only with gradational unions, for example: not only ... but also; not that ... but; not so much...how much.

5. An allied complex sentence as a component of a complex sentence: The density of grasses in other places on the Prorva is such that it is impossible to land on the shore from a boat - the grasses stand as an impenetrable elastic wall (Paust.).

48. Fundamentals of Russian punctuation. Functional features of Russian punctuation

Russian punctuation, currently a very complex and developed system, has quite solid foundation- formal grammatical. Punctuation marks are primarily indicators of the syntactic, structural articulation of written speech. It is this principle that gives stability to modern punctuation. On this basis, the largest number of signs is put.

The “grammatical” ones include such signs as a dot, fixing the end of a sentence; signs at the junction of parts of a complex sentence; signs highlighting functionally diverse constructions introduced into a simple sentence ( introductory words, phrases and sentences; inserts; appeals; many segmented designs; interjections); signs with homogeneous members of the sentence; signs highlighting postpositive applications, definitions - participial phrases and definitions - adjectives with distributors, standing after the word being defined or located at a distance, etc.

In any text, one can find such "mandatory", structurally determined signs.

For example: But now I undertook to re-read a few things by Shchedrin. It was about three or four years ago when I was working on a book where real material was intertwined with lines of satire and fairy tale fiction. I then took Shchedrin in order to avoid accidental resemblance, but, having begun to read, having thoroughly read, having plunged headlong into the amazing and rediscovered world of Shchedrin's reading, I realized that the resemblance would not be accidental, but obligatory and inevitable (Kass.). All the signs here are structurally significant, they are placed without regard to the specific meaning of the parts of sentences: the allocation of subordinate clauses, the fixation of syntactic homogeneity, the designation of the boundary of the parts of a compound sentence, the allocation of homogeneous adverbial phrases.

The structural principle contributes to the development of solid commonly used rules for punctuation. Signs placed on such a basis cannot be optional, author's. This is the foundation on which modern Russian punctuation is built. This, finally, is the necessary minimum, without which unhindered communication between the writer and the reader is unthinkable. Such signs are currently quite regulated, their use is stable. The division of the text into grammatically significant parts helps to establish the relation of some parts of the text to others, indicates the end of the presentation of one thought and the beginning of another.

The syntactic articulation of speech ultimately reflects a logical, semantic articulation, since grammatically significant parts coincide with logically significant, semantic segments of speech, since the purpose of any grammatical structure is to convey a certain thought. But quite often it happens that the semantic articulation of speech subjugates the structural, i.e. the concrete meaning dictates the only possible structure.

In the sentence The hut is covered with straw, with a chimney, the comma between the combinations covered with thatch and with a chimney fixes the syntactic homogeneity of the members of the sentence and, consequently, the grammatical and semantic relation of the prepositional case form with a chimney to the noun hut.

In cases where different combinations of words are possible, only a comma helps to establish their semantic and grammatical dependence. For example: There was an inner lightness. Freely walks the streets, to work (Levi). A sentence without a comma has a completely different meaning: walks the streets to work (designation of one action). In the original version, there is a designation of two different actions: walks the streets, i.e. walks and goes to work.

Such punctuation marks help to establish the semantic and grammatical relationships between words in a sentence, clarify the structure of the sentence.

The ellipsis also performs a semantic function, which helps to put logically and emotionally incompatible concepts at a distance. For example: Engineer ... in reserve, or the misadventures of a young specialist on the way to recognition; Goalkeeper and gate... in the air; The history of peoples ... in dolls; On skis... for berries. Such signs play an exclusively semantic role (moreover, often with emotional overtones).

The location of the sign that divides the sentence into semantic and, therefore, structurally significant parts also plays an important role in understanding the text. Compare: And the dogs became quiet, because no stranger disturbed their peace (Fad.). - And the dogs became quiet because no stranger disturbed their peace. In the second version of the sentence, the cause of the state is more emphasized, and the rearrangement of the comma contributes to a change in the logical center of the message, draws attention to cause of the phenomenon, whereas in the first version the goal is different - a statement of the state with an additional indication of its cause. However, more often the lexical material of the sentence dictates only the only possible meaning. For example: A tigress named Orphan lived in our zoo for a long time. They gave her such a nickname because she was really orphaned in early age(gas.). The dismemberment of the union is obligatory, and it is caused by the semantic influence of the context. In the second sentence, the designation of the reason is necessary, since the fact itself has already been named in the previous sentence.

On a semantic basis, signs are placed in non-union complex sentences, since it is they who convey in written speech desired values. Wed: The whistle blew, the train started moving. - There was a whistle - the train started moving.

Often, with the help of punctuation marks, the specific meanings of words are clarified, i.e. the meaning contained in them in this particular context. Thus, a comma between two definitions-adjectives (or participles) brings these words together in a semantic sense, i.e. makes it possible to highlight the general shades of meaning that emerge as a result of various associations, both objective and sometimes subjective. Syntactically, such definitions become homogeneous, since, being close in meaning, they alternately refer directly to the word being defined. For example: The crown of spruce needles is written in thick, heavy oil (Sol.); When Anna Petrovna left for her place in Leningrad, I saw her off at a cozy, small station (Paust.); Thick, slow snow flew (Paust.); Cold, metallic light flashed on thousands of wet leaves (Gran.). If we take out of context the words thick and heavy, cozy and small, thick and slow, cold and metallic, then it is difficult to catch something in common in these pairs, since these possible associative convergences are in the sphere of secondary, not basic, figurative meanings, which become the main ones. in the context.

In part, Russian punctuation is also based on intonation: a dot at the site of a large drop in voice and a long pause; question and exclamation marks, intonational dashes, dots, etc. For example, an appeal can be highlighted with a comma, but increased emotionality, i.e. a special accentuating intonation dictates another sign - an exclamation mark. In some cases, the choice of a sign depends entirely on intonation. Wed: Children will come, let's go to the park. - Children will come - let's go to the park. In the first case, enumerative intonation, in the second - conditional intonation. But the intonational principle acts only as a secondary, not primary. This is especially evident in cases where the intonation principle is “sacrificed” to the grammatical one. For example: Frost lowered the bag and, cowardly putting his head in his shoulders, ran to the horses (Fad.); The deer digs the snow with its front foot and, if there is food, begins to graze (Ars.). In these sentences, the comma is after the union and, since it fixes the boundary of the structural parts of the sentence (participle turnover and the subordinate part of the sentence). Thus, the intonational principle is violated, because the pause is before the union.

The intonation principle operates in most cases not in an “ideal”, pure form, i.e. some intonation stroke (for example, a pause), although it is fixed by a punctuation mark, but ultimately this intonation itself is a consequence of a given semantic and grammatical division of the sentence. Wed: My brother is my teacher. - My brother is a teacher. The dash here fixes a pause, but the place of the pause is predetermined by the structure of the sentence, its meaning.

So, the current punctuation does not reflect any single consistent principle. However, the formal grammatical principle is now the leading one, while the semantic and intonation principles act as additional, although in some specific manifestations they can be brought to the fore. As for the history of punctuation, it is known that it was pauses (intonation) that served as the initial basis for the articulation of written speech.

Modern punctuation represents a new stage in its historical development, and the stage characterizing a higher level. Modern punctuation reflects the structure, meaning, intonation. Written speech is organized quite clearly, definitely and at the same time expressively. The greatest achievement of modern punctuation is the fact that all three principles operate in it not in isolation, but in unity. As a rule, the intonational principle is reduced to semantic, semantic to structural, or, conversely, the structure of a sentence is determined by its meaning. Separate principles can be singled out only conditionally. In most cases, they act inseparably, although with a certain hierarchy. For example, a dot also denotes the end of a sentence, the boundary between two sentences (structure); and lowering the voice, a long pause (intonation); and completeness of the message (meaning).

It is the combination of principles that is an indicator of the development of modern Russian punctuation, its flexibility, which allows to reflect subtle shades meaning and structural diversity.

Lecture 75 Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Lecture plan

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.1. Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

In lectures 73 and 74 we talked about the complex sentence, about various types of subordinate clauses, but basically paid attention only to sentences with one subordinate clause. Much more often in the texts there are sentences of three or more parts in which several subordinate clauses are used.

Depending on how these subordinate clauses are attached to the main one, complex sentences (CSS) are divided into:

1) NGN with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses;

2) NGN with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

3) NGN with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses;

4) SPP with various types subordination of subordinate clauses.

Let's analyze the proposal:

The arrows show where exactly we ask the question to the subordinate clause (from the end of the previous part, from the beginning or from the middle). In this sentence, we ask a question to both subordinate clauses from the end of the previous part.

Consider a few more sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

It can be seen from this diagram that the second part breaks the first one, since the question is asked from the middle of the main sentence.

I want to draw attention to another type of complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. This case is quite complicated, so pay special attention to it.

[I thought] 1 , (that later it will be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship) 2 , (if I don’t argue with the old man at this decisive moment) 3 .

Now try to draw diagrams of several sentences on your own. To do this, you need to drag various elements from bottom margin to the table.

1) She wrote to him that she had decided to hasten her departure from Dresden, because her aunt's health had completely improved.

2) Mechik could not believe that Levinson was really the way Chizh portrayed him.

3) She looked at him as one looks at a person in whom they saw what they had long expected.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses

About homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, we say if in a complex sentence all subordinate clauses

• refer to the same word of the main part,
• are of the same type
• connected with each other by a non-union or coordinative connection.

Let's look at a few examples.

In other cases, the homogeneous nature of the clauses may not be so obvious:

[She went with him, pleased] 1, (that she pleased him) 2 and (now she can stay on the shore and take a break from nursing the bored Pavlik) 2 .

Between homogeneous clauses there is a connecting union, but in the second clause the allied means (the union WHAT) is omitted, but it can easily be restored:

[For the medieval reader, it is predominantly important], (what the work is dedicated to) and (by whom it was created).

And now try to assemble complex clauses with homogeneous subordination from scattered simple sentences. Pay attention to the meaning of the sentence.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

Parallel (non-uniform) subordination of subordinate clauses occurs in two cases:

• if subordinate clauses are attached to one word of the main part, but are different in semantics;
• subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, but refer to different words main part.

Let's look at both cases with examples.

(Because we never kept birds) 1 , [then I understood] 2 , (that this cage belongs to the new tenant) 3 .

In this sentence, the second part is the main one, both subordinate clauses depend on the same word, but at the same time they are different in meaning: the 1st part is the subordinate clause of the cause, and the 3rd part is the explanatory clause. Let us now represent this proposal schematically.

Please note that the scheme is very similar to the scheme of a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses, but the questions are asked differently.

Now consider a sentence with subordinate clauses that have the same meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Both subordinate clauses in this sentence are explanatory, connected by the same conjunctions, but at the same time they depend on different words.

Specify the numbers of complex sentences with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. In case of an incorrect answer, be sure to read the pop-up comment.