N-NN in adverbs, adjectives and participles, full and short
1. With one letter n are written:
1. Adjectives with a non-derivative stem: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in these adjectives. Letter n included in the root.
2. Derivative adjectives with a suffix -n: winter n y(from: winter), years n y(from: summer).
3. Derivative adjectives with suffixes -en, -yang: sandy, silver (adj. with the meaning "name of a material, substance"), and -in: mouse, sparrow (adj. with the meaning of "belongings").
Exception:
wood, pewter, glass write with two letters nn.
4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: heat fresh meat .
Exception:
Write with two letters nn words from the list:
given, swaggered, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, coy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unintentional, unguessed
Do not confuse:
The exclusion list does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice , uninvited guest,sworn brother.
5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.p.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.
6. Adverbs in -about and -e formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy , neat .
2. With two letters nn are written:
1. Derivative adjectives with a suffix -n if the root of the noun ends with a letter n:autumn, spring, sleepy.
2. Derivative adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: literal, portioned.
Exception:
windy man, windmill , chicken pox, but windless day,lee side.
3. Verbal adjectives with a suffix -nn : korcheva nn th plot, marriage nth thing.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective←reject + nn .
Suffix -nn write in verbal adjectives formed from the generating stem with suffixes: - Eve//-ova,-Eve: uprooted ← to uproot, formed ← to form.
It's easier to remember this way: adjectives on Eve+nn + th,ova + nn + th, eva +nn+.
4. Adjectives-exceptions from paragraphs:
1.3.Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - nn .
1.4.Exception: the, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, chased, cursed, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected.
5. Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list words to remember in paragraph 5 along with other examples).
6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn(except for the m.s. singular form, in which there is always one letter n): night without moon na, tips prices.
7. Adverbs for -about and -e, formed from adjectives with two letters nn: sincerely , thoughtfully , calmly .
So, in order not to make a mistake in the exam, you need to know all the points. Be sure to include examples, because examples are examples that help you act by analogy.
Do not forget about the exceptions in paragraphs: 1.3., 1.4., 2.2.
Attention:
To expand the language experience, you can refer to the rubric.
This is a constructor dictionary. Set the parameters you are interested in and get the necessary lists of words.
It is useful for you now to refer to the Proper Dictionary, as well as to the Grammar Dictionary. Don't forget, you can include parameters: "New", "Simple", "Difficult", "Important". You can add or, conversely, exclude words for grades 5-8. Create your dictionary configuration by topic tasks 14.
It is necessary to distinguish denominative adjectives (which are formed from nouns, for example: art - artificial) from verbal adjectives and participles (which are formed from verbs, for example: fry - fried). All adjectives and participles answer questions"which", "which", "what", "which"
BUT . When is NN written in adjectives?
§ 1. Derived from nouns with a basis on "H" using the suffix "H", for example: l imoN - lemon, machine - machine.
§ 2.Formed from nouns using suffixes ENN and HE N, for example: CRANBERRY, REVOLUTIONARY.
Assign the color blue to adjectives. We will compose a phrase from typical examples for this rule and draw a picture.
For example: "The most sour juices are lemon and the 'revolutionary' color cranberry."
Exception 1. (НН) Glass, wood, pewter. Case glass, wooden with the handle pewter. Exception 2. (N) Young, united, drunk, zealous. Exception 3. (N/N) windy -from the obsolete verb to wind,butwindless, leeward. We write HH, if there is a prefix.
Reference: a) tangerine and tangerinesNew(the latter is formed using the suffix "-OV"); b) horse tail (suff. "-SK")and equestrian detachment; in) oily, salted, fried, dyed- adjectives formed from verbs, not from nouns.
The spelling of adjectives depends on their meaning: 1. wind e ny — wind e naya weather; transfer . — windy girl. wind I Noah- "driven by the force of the wind" - wind I noah engine; 2.buttered — « oiled, lubricated » — butter pancakes, porridge a; trans. — oily eyes. M oily- "from oil, in oil" — Oil paint; 3. Silver - " silver plated." FROM ribbed- "made of silver" - silver spoon. four. FROM deer – salty fish. FROMolyanoy- "consisting of salt" - salt column, hydrochloric acid.
§ 3. Short adjectives have as many "H"s as full ones: the road is long (long), the berry is red (red). Cm.
B. NN in full participles. (Educated from verbs).
§ four. If the sacrament has DEPENDENT Arctic Ocean VA, then we write NN : wall painted with varnish.
See figure below. Hanging on the letter "Ze" Arctic Ocean n - puppet. Let's introduce such symbol dependent words, it will be used further. Purple let's take participles. The participle has the characteristics of an adjective and a verb. The purple color comes from mixing blue color assigned to adjectives, and red for verbs.
§ 5. If the sacrament is formed FROM A PERFECT VERB, then we write NN : buy - purchased, solve - solved. How to find out how many H to write, for example, in the word abandoned N (N) th? It is formed from it(owl view) or from a throw at(non-native view)? Recall that in the suffix we write -EN(N) if the word is formed from a verb into -et ,-it…, but not on - at. Therefore: throw it⇒ Abandoned.
Participles formed from verbs with a prefix are written with two HH, as they usually become perfective verbs: freeze (non-native view) ⇒ frozen, freeze (actual view) ⇒ frozen
Note. The presence of the prefix NE- does not affect the spelling of the verbal adjective: unknown yy (do not call / call - imperfective verbs), non-pronounced n y, not koshen y, not painted.
Of red color OWL a (red color will denote verbs) holding a letter with the letters "FROM".
§6. If the participle has the suffix OVA,then we write NN: laminated Nny, risky Nny. This suffix is present in the word lakir-OVA-anny (table).
Exceptions: forged, chewed (ova, eva - part of the root). Forge, chew - vb. nesov. kind,but: under forged from shoeing (owl view).
There are very few words with the suffix eva / eva: uprooted, puttied, painted.
It is probably not difficult to imagine your room in this form: an elephant hung in a corner under the ceiling, an owl on the window (like Harry Potter) and a varnished table. You can hang a toy elephant and an owl.
§ 7. Brief participles have one letter "-N- »: painted, fixed. Answer the questions: “What is done?”, “What is done?”, “What is done?” Cm.
§ eight .In compound adjectives each part is written according to the same rules as the corresponding independent word:freshly frozen - ice cream - freeze, freshly frozen - frozen - freeze.
Using the considered rules, we will find out the spelling of words traveler, hotel, carnival, etc.
- Noun ⇒ adjective ⇒ noun/adverb:
a) noun on -H + suff. -H: limo H- limo HH th - limo nn ik, limo nn itza; b) suff. -HE N: revolution - revolution HE N th - revolutionary nn awn, revolution nn about; in) suff. -ENN: travel - travel ENN th - travel HH ik.travel ENN th - adjective derived from creatures . travel ie + -ENNY, and not from the verb nes. kind travel. Passive past participles (i.e. on - ... НН) are formed only from transitive verbs. And this is an intransitive verb, because you cannot say: I travel it. transitive verbs may carry a noun or a pronoun in accusative without preposition: took (what?) a book (v.p.), meet (who?) him (v.p.)
2. Verb ⇒ full participle ⇒ noun/adverb.
a) participle is formed from the perfective verb(what to do?): educate - educated - educate Nnitsa - educated, send - sent - messenger b) there is a suffix OVA:primed - primed.
Consequently:
§ 9. In nouns on-IR, -IC, -OSTand in adverbs with -О we write -НН, if -НН was in the adjectives/participles from which they are formed.
Reference.Education from imperfective verbs(what to do?): butter - oily - carnival ( adjective from noun oil - oil). Similarly: powder ( nesov verb. species) - powder box, cook - dumpling.
worker,hotel - also spelled with one H . There are no adjectives or participles with HH in their word-formation chain: work (non-Sov.v.) - worker, guest - living room - hotel
If we add a prefix, we get: work hard (perfect v.) - overworked (hands), oil (perfect v.) - oiled rags.
Summary drawing.
Exceptions: (НН) Glass, wood, pewter.(N) Young, united, drunk, zealous, pig, black, blue and other colors(H/HH)windy but not windy, under windy
(console) . (H) forged, chewed.
(HH)
Given, desired, cutesy, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, desperate, sacred, minted, read. O
despair -aboutdesperate - desperation, unsolicited advice, uninvited guest. Dowry - dowry.
Maslenitsa, worker, powder box, hotel, nameless.
But:sworn brother
ADDITIONALLY.
Exceptions. 1. With two "H" a number of adjectives and adverbs are written. Let's remember them with a picture:
rice. Leonid Melnyk
Remember what gift you dream of, and imagine that it came true:
Unseen-unheard of Unexpectedly-unexpectedly + (unexpectedly)- consonant with the word "unexpectedly" the most Sacred, desired + (pretty)- consonant with the word desired» Further see figure 1. 1.2. Slow, given(sounds like tribute) 4. Chased (read) 5, 6. Unexpected, desperate
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— desperate - despair (but: despair); unsolicited advice, uninvited guest,sworn brother.
Note. Do not have the suffix "-Н-": a) possessive adjectives: Raven, monkey(formed with the suffix "-II"), b) adjectives meaning colors: blue, crimson, ruddy, CROW(suit). To memorize these points of the rules, let's draw a crow sitting on the letter "H".
First you need to understand what form is an adjective:
Then you need to find out what part of speech the word is formed from noun or from verb.
| Full form | |||
| I. Adjectives from nouns | II. Adjectives from verbs (participles) | ||
| -N- | -HH- | -N- | -HH- |
| -an, -yan, -in lion - lion ! Glass |
1. -onn, -enn revolution - revolutionary ! Windy 2. H+H = sleepy+ny BUT! The words also belong to the primitives: single, pheasant, raven, ram, carp, seals, peacock, crimson, zealous, bulany. 3. MY = enn temporary (time) |
1. without prefix frozen catfish (from freeze) not
frozen |
1. with prefix per frozen catfish frozen mom catfish 3. suf. ova, eva, irova marinated ! forged, chewed, pecked ! desired, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected |
| short form | |||
| 1. The meaning of the action (what is done?) - "N" raised by a father, excited by the storm |
2. The meaning of the sign (what are they?) - see the full form: how many "n" in the full, so much in the short. They brought up nn s and education nn s (educated and educated). |
||
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles"
- Spelling participles - Communion Grade 7
Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1
- Spelling participles, participial turnover
Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2
- Spelling of adjectives - Adjective 6th grade
Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1
- adjective as a part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech Grade 10
Н and НН in all parts of speech
On our site you can.1956 rules:
Section 61 The double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, characteristic, dining, revolutionary, positional.
Note. In the word windy and in derivatives from it, one n is written, but in prefixed formations -nn- is written (still, leeward).
Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-en-), formed from nouns are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.
adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with a double n.
With one n, a suffix is \u200b\u200bwritten -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.
§ 62. Double n spelled in passive past participles, for example: reports read at the solemn meeting; a fighter wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.
§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -wounded, -wounded(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient is prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin came out, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, tear-stained face, rusty key, risky step, spoiled child, uprooted plot.
But adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense should be written with one n, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, dyed fabric.
The words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.
§ 64. Double n spelled in adverbs on -o and in nouns with suffixes on -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (agitated); confident, confident (confident); upbringing, pupil, pupil (educated); protege (placed); prisoner (prisoner); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root (root); characteristic (proprietary).
If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learning (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words srebrenik (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (disinterested person) are written.
Section 65. double n written in plural. h. and in the feminine and neuter gender units. hours of short adjectives formed from passive past participles, in the full form of which - double n, for example: groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very scattered.
Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was brought up by the Komsomol; the girl is pampered by upbringing; we are limited by time; students are organized into groups.
Clear sign
The rule is rather difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses of our site.Examples
heat n th bow (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannn-, -evann-, formed from ch. non. species).
Zazare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).
heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).
canned nn th bow (communion in full form, there is a combination of letters -ovan-).
Onion fire n(participle in short form).
Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).
These people are immoral and limited nnы (short adjective derived from participle).
He is preoccupied nn o looked at me (adverb from concerned).
Society is concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).
Silver n th knife (denominated adjective, suffix -YAN-).
Karti nn th gallery (one letter H in the root, the other in the suffix).
triumph nn meeting (nominative adjective with the suffix -ENN-).
Everything was very solemn nn o (adverb from solemn).
What words need to be remembered (here exceptions + difficult cases).
One letter H is written in the words:
Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, windy, washed-up man, dowry, tricky, mummers, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, rye, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, hard worker, martyr, hard worker, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, carnival, bone, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.
Two letters HH are written in the words:
Glass, pewter, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, desperate, cursed, made, conceited, chased, cutesy, homegrown, given, decided, bought, state-owned, captive, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, done business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, let go.
The topic of the Russian language "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the most simple rules and make a large number of mistakes during the creation of any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.
Part of speech definition
They call the significant, which denotes a non-procedural feature of the subject, and also acts in the sentence as a definition or nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “what?”, “what?”, “what?”, And also “whose?” and what?".
general information
"The spelling of 'n' and 'nn' in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.
It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters "n" you need to write in a particular case.
Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns
So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should you put -nn-:
Which adjectives that are derived from nouns use "n"?
Now you know in what cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough for a competent drafting of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:
- In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. AT this case these are the words "glass", "wood" and "tin". 2 letters "nn" are written in them, and they should be remembered.
- In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Let's take an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, pig, young and united.
How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?
2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any feature. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.
Important notes regarding the rules described
The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:
Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs
So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:
- Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix non-almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in the adjective with, one should not write the same number of letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (connected, beveled, built).
- If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Here's an example: organized excursion uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed and forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
- If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, woven from twigs).
- If the adjective is formed from a verb that has perfect view(for example, solved). The exception is the word "wounded".
Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs
One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.
Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives
In addition to full adjectives, Russian also has short forms. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.
Here's an example:
Important notes on the material covered
To finally figure out how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:
1. Usually the suffixes -yang- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made from a certain material." For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.
2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.
Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Windmill, that is, “driven by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from "windmill".
Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (buttered porridge). Oily, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).
Silver, that is, "subjected to silvering" (silver device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).
Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salt, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt pillar).
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