High sewerage output from a private house. How to remove the sewer pipe from the house under the foundation. Self-assembly of the sewer system

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Plastic pipes are ideal for sewer installation due to a wide range of fittings.

installation of a cesspool;
arrangement of overflow wells-settlers made of concrete;
installation of a deep cleaning station;

Installing a cesspool when installing a sewer system is a rather outdated method. He has become obsolete due to special antipathetic factors, among which a special place is occupied by an unpleasant smell that causes concern to residents of a private house. Such a problem annoys not only the owners themselves, but also the nearest neighbors, while cleaning the pit is a rather unpleasant procedure. Installation of overflow concrete settling wells requires a lot of labor. Such an input of sewage into a small house greatly pollutes the soil over a fairly large area. The device of the sewer system with the help of installing a deep cleaning station allows you to qualitatively clean and disinfect drains. But in order to install it, it is necessary to create a complex sewer system, to which it will be necessary to supply electricity.

Important! The most convenient way to create a sewer is recognized. Such a system provides high-quality cleaning over a long period of time.
In addition, its installation does not require much effort, which allows you to arrange the input of the system yourself.

Features of creating a sewer system

Before entering the sewer into a country house, it is necessary to take into account the location of the bathrooms. If they are located nearby, the number of sewer pipes will be significantly reduced. Therefore, it would be better if all the plumbing facilities are located in one place next to the exhaust ventilation. The sewerage device consists of 3 main elements:
An initially well-thought-out sewerage layout will allow you to immediately arrange holes for pipes in the foundation.

inside the building;

external outlet circuit;

sewage treatment plant or septic tank.

To work, you will need the following materials:

pipes with a diameter of 50 and 100 mm;

tees;

pump;

turning corners.

Required tools:

roulette;

ruler;

hacksaw;

pencil;

file;

building level.

Entering the system into a private house begins with laying pipes from the most remote point. Under a slight slope, they lead to the main pipe, which goes into the sewer well. At the corners, a revision is mounted, designed to clean them. If the house has a warm basement, pipes can be laid in it. If there is no such room, you will have to run pipes inside the room. Throughout, starting from the house and ending with the drain pit, the pipe should have a slight slope. In addition, in no case should knee-shaped dips be allowed, in which solid waste accumulates, which can lead to severe blockage.

The sewer pipe from the house to the sewer should be located at a slight slope - this will ensure a complete flow of water.

The drain pipe must be installed above the water table to prevent freezing of the water inside the drain. If it is laid above the freezing level of the soil, the pipe will have to be insulated with foam. The introduction should be made using silicone plumbing sealant. When joining the cut pipes, the cut edges must be turned to facilitate their assembly. In the places of their connection, which takes place inside the house, an exhaust riser is made.

To improve traction, it must be arranged above the roof level. When connecting plumbing fixtures to sewer pipes, it is mandatory to install a hydraulic lock, which is a bent pipe in the form of a knee, constantly filled with water. This will prevent sewer gases from entering the house and avoid unpleasant odors.

Conducting sewerage to the house

The drainage pump in the installation scheme will allow you to pump out treated effluents from the tank.

The sewerage device begins after pouring the foundation and erecting walls and roofs. Internal wiring is made depending on the layout. All drains from consumers are led to a collector located under the floor or in the basement. It, in turn, is connected to an external drain pipe. The pipe should be removed from the house at a depth of at least 50 cm. After that, a trench is dug, which should lead to the place where the septic tank is planned to be located. Most often this place is located 5 m from the house. A plastic drain pipe is laid in the trench at an inclination of 3 cm by 1 m. The trajectory of the trench must be calculated in advance, while avoiding sharp turns. After the trench is dug, the bottom is covered with sand and gravel to create a cushion. If the soil is loose, the base can be poured with cement mortar.

Important! When preparing a trench, it is necessary to take into account the level of soil freezing. The outlet of the pipe to the septic tank should be arranged at a depth of about 1.5 m. For the construction of a treatment plant or a septic tank, it is necessary to dig a large pit, the walls of which must be carefully tamped, and the bottom should be covered with a layer of crushed stone with sand 20 cm, and then poured with concrete. The tank must be installed so that its top is above ground level. This will provide an opportunity to avoid overfilling the tank as a result of flooding with melt water during the rainy season.

Particular attention is paid to the insulation of the outer part of the sewer. Entering the sewer into a country house involves the installation of a drain pipe in a special wooden box. At the same time, its walls should be smeared with used engine oil. If this seems insufficient, it will be possible to lay an additional layer of insulation. But, as a rule, freezing of the line happens quite rarely and most often when there are malfunctions in the drain system. It can be a leaky faucet or a toilet that is constantly running water. It can get into the pipe on the street and freeze on the walls, thereby narrowing the drain hole.

Sewerage device from concrete rings

Now on the market there are concrete rings with a bottom, which greatly facilitates the installation of the structure.

When installing an autonomous sewage system, a storage septic tank, consisting of concrete rings, is most often used. It works according to the following principle: the drains going through the pipes pass into the first reinforced concrete well, after which they precipitate, where the fermentation process begins. As a result of this, stratification begins, that is, one part of the pollution remains at the bottom, while the second part rises to the top. When the top layer of the overflow pipe is reached, the water that has settled enters the second well. This leads to the fact that all the sediment remains in the first chamber, and the contents of the second are pumped out into the sewage equipment. Most often this happens once per season.

The number of reinforced concrete rings, chambers and the depth of the septic tank should be determined individually, since in each case these parameters are strikingly different from each other. In accordance with SNiP, the volume of the septic tank must be calculated based on the indicators of wastewater consumption in 24 hours.

The depth of the pit for a septic tank directly depends on the depth of soil freezing in the region.

When calculating the daily volume, 200 liters of wastewater per person is most often taken into account. If there are five people in the family, then approximately 1 cubic meter per day will be produced. This means that the volume of the septic tank should be equal to 3 cubic meters. The sewer system, which uses concrete rings, can be of three types:

Single chamber. In this case, the waste water flow should be up to 1 cubic meter.

Two-chamber - 1-10 cubic meters.

Three-chamber - more than 10 cubic meters per day.

The number of rings directly depends on their width. If a standard ring with a volume of 0.62 cubic meters is taken, 5 rings will have to be installed.

Construction of a septic tank

There are several types of septic tank:

from concrete rings;

metal;

plastic.

The first option is most often used in the sewerage device. Due to the gravity of the concrete, such a septic tank will not be squeezed out by the movement of the soil. In addition, it is highly reliable and durable. The construction is carried out in several stages: To begin with, a suitable place is selected. Ideally, if it is located on some hill, this will ensure its protection from the ingress of spring meltwater. At the same time, in no case should it be placed too far and high so that the pipe does not end up on the bottom. After choosing a place, a hole 3 m wide is dug. The depth should be the same. In total, you will need to dig three holes. At the end of earthworks, three concrete rings are placed in the pit. This must be done with a crane.

If the water consumption is less than 1 cubic meter per day, then a single-chamber septic tank can be installed.

After installing the rings, the pits are covered with earth and covered with special hatches. In two wells, it is necessary to concrete the bottom to prevent leaks. A pipe is brought to the very first well, which should be located under a slope. Next, a drain is made from the first to the second well. The drain should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the top. The second drain is made in the third well 20 cm lower than the first two.

A septic tank built using concrete rings can be used even in the cold season. This is achieved due to bacteria, which initially ferment, and only then defend sewage. At the end of the septic tank, all parts of the sewer system are assembled together, after which a test run is connected and carried out. After the sewer system is fully assembled and put into operation, cases of clogging may occur over time.

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Features of the sewer device

Despite the fact that people today are striving to do more and more in order to get closer to the most comfortable living conditions, in many settlements there is not only a centralized sewage system, but also no running water. Both can be successfully dealt with in the following way. A few words have already been said about the water supply (in this case, the old proven method will come to the rescue - installing a well), and with the sewage system, the issue is resolved with the help of such a structure as a domestic sewer. At the present stage, this design is a complex, which directly includes sewage equipment, communication mechanisms (pipelines) and engineering treatment facilities (septic tanks, cesspools). Depending on the design of the sewer system, it can be concluded that it is designed to collect effluents from a source (from a sink, bathroom or toilet bowl), carry it around the house (more precisely, under it), bring it outside and, finally, disinfect and cleanse.

It is worth mentioning what may be the result of improper installation of the sewer system. The most harmless option would be a constantly clogged sink or bathtub. This may happen due to the fact that low-quality material was used during installation or the pipes will be thinner than required by sanitary standards. In addition to the fact that an illiterate installation can cause blockages, it quite often causes the water (intended for drinking and washing) in the well to be poisoned with feces.

This usually happens when the joints between the pipes are not well secured.

As a result, leaks are observed, and wastewater permeates the soil and goes even into its deepest layers, including they can reach a well with drinking water, which as a result will become completely unsuitable for consumption.

How to properly carry out work on the removal of a sewer pipe?

In addition to all of the above, the soil saturated with liquid begins to oscillate and this can adversely affect the construction of the house. So, over time, you may notice cracking of the foundation or even walls. Well, the most unpleasant sign of a malfunction or malfunction in the sewer system, and at the same time the most obvious, of course, will be an unpleasant smell that reaches all ends of your site (and maybe even further). That is why it is necessary not only to correctly connect all pipelines and all equipment with them, but also it will be necessary to dig a cesspool at an appropriate distance from the house. The very process of removing the sewer pipe from the house depends on at what stage of the construction of the house you are doing it.

So, for example, in order to carry out the removal of sewers from a newly built house, it will be necessary to resort to drilling the foundation. In this case, the diameter of the hole should be slightly larger. This is necessary so that, as a result of possible shrinkage of the foundation (which happens very often with new buildings), it could not have any effect on the pipe laid through it. If you have not completed the house, then in this case it will not be difficult to remove the pipes intended for draining wastewater. To do this, you can wall up the pipe during the laying of the foundation, but do not forget to note in what places it should be, so that later, while digging a ditch, you can get to the pipe. A house that has been standing for several years will most likely not settle, so the sewer pipe must be removed again by drilling the foundation. In this case, you do not need to make a large gap (as in a newly built house), a hole will be enough, the diameter of which is 5 cm larger than the diameter of the outlet pipe itself.

If the withdrawal of the sewer pipe is supposed to be from a house located in central Russia, then the depth of the laid communications should reach half a meter, or even more (up to 70 cm). In more severe conditions, pipes should be deepened by a much larger value (after all, in severe frosts, the soil in some areas of our state freezes even 1 m deep), respectively, everything that will be in it will also freeze. That is why calculate the size of the recess as carefully as possible. Another mandatory component of the sewer pipe outlet system is that the pipe at the entrance to the foundation should not come into contact with it. To do this, a metal sleeve is inserted into the foundation hole. Further, it should be noted that the pipes should not come into contact with this part of the structure. In other words, a gap must remain between the pipe and the elements surrounding it. In order to make this possible, either foam or heat-insulating film is used, with which the pipe is wrapped. Thus, the hole is filled, preventing the sleeve from touching the pipe.

Outdoor work required for domestic sewerage to be removed

After all the homework on fastening the outlet pipes from the sinks, and from the toilet bowls, and from the bathtub has been completed, as well as after drilling a hole in the foundation and installing a pipe in it, you can begin to mount the outlet communications. In private houses, cesspools with septic tanks are used as a reservoir for the accumulation of wastewater. They should (for the purposes of sanitary and hygienic safety) be built at some distance from the house. Therefore, in order for all the drains to reach this hole, it is necessary to dig a trench. Its depth in the middle lane of our state should not be less than 50 cm, and the length will depend on how far the pit is from the house. Do not forget also that all waste will drain only if the pipes are sloped. Accordingly, if initially the depth of immersion of the pipe (at the place of its passage through the foundation) was equal to 50 cm, then with each meter the trench will need to be deepened by about 2-2.5 cm.

At the bottom of the trench, it is necessary to lay a sand cushion, which should be compacted (you can spill sand with water for this). Pipes connected to each other should already be laid on it. For outdoor work, a material such as cast iron, asbestos cement or plastic is usually used. The final element of each sewer system is a cesspool or septic tank. The first element is the most common. The outlet pipe must enter the pit, which is a small but deep pit. It is impossible to simply leave it as it is after digging, as the soil will certainly begin to crumble. In order to strengthen the cesspool, you must either purchase concrete rings (which are inserted into the finished pit) or fold the walls in it with bricks. The bottom of the cesspool does not get off in any way, since most of the liquid will go through it into the deeper layers of the soil.

When erecting a building, a common sewer pipe is installed at the stage of laying the foundation. When the building is ready, internal pipelines and a septic tank are connected to it. If this section of the pipeline is not installed on time, it will take a lot of effort to drill a hole for the sewer outlet from the house under the foundation.

Design stages

Sewerage outlet scheme

The project of the sewerage system in a private house is created even before the laying of the pipeline begins. It should take into account the following points:

whether it is possible to connect the sewer to the central communication complex;
in the house will live permanently or temporarily;
how many residents and potential guests are planned;
how far apart are the rooms with sewer drains.

If it is not supposed to be connected to the central system, choose what type of treatment plant will be installed: a cesspool, a septic tank, a biological treatment plant.

When building a new house, they design the outlet of the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank simultaneously with the building plan. This allows all water points to be installed close to each other, which contributes to a simple and efficient network with a single discharge pipe.

For a private cottage of a large area, you can make an exception and install a system of two risers, but the exits must be located at a distance of at least half a meter.

Rules for the withdrawal of sewers from a private house

To avoid damage to the communication line, the depth of laying the main sewer pipe at the exit from a private house must be at least 0.5 m from the blind area.

It is also required to take into account other requirements of SNIPs and SanPiNs:

The distance from the sewer under the floor of the base of the house to the storage tank is 5–10 m.
It is not allowed to arrange a cesspool at a distance of less than two meters from a neighboring site and 30 meters from a well or well (for sandy soil, at least 50 meters).
The slope is created so that the decrease for each meter of the pipeline is approximately 3 cm.
The depth of the sewer line is below the freezing point of the earth. If this cannot be done, the pipe sections will have to be insulated or equipped with electric heating.

The rules also take into account the installation of an inspection well with a hatch, which must be located at a distance of at least three meters from the building.

The sewage treatment plant, which requires periodic pumping with sewage equipment, is erected in such a way that it is convenient to drive up to it.

For the gravity flow of sewage, the storage tank is located lower than the level of the building, or pumping equipment is installed.

Installation of the sewer line under the foundation of the house must be carried out according to certain rules. Pipes are assembled by inserting them into each other. Special rubber gaskets are installed in the sockets, the joints are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and coated with liquid soap or special lubricants.

Preparatory work

The sewer network under the floor slab is usually assembled from plastic round pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. The size of the moat in width with such a section is at least 0.6 m, a special shock-absorbing layer of sand or crushed stone 100 mm thick is poured onto its bottom.

You will also need:

sleeves with a cross section larger than the diameter of the pipeline;
fitting elements (tees, taps with plugs, couplings);
adapters;
fasteners.

For sealing, a special gun is used, into which a cylinder filled with silicone is inserted. Other tools are selected depending on the way the outlet is created and the piping is applied.

Sewerage output methods depending on the type of foundation

Column Foundation

The choice of method determines the type of building foundation. With a competent approach, it is possible to remove the sewer line from an already rebuilt house.

Column and pile foundation

It is easiest to bring the sewerage out of a private house with a similar base to the street. Columns or piles allow the installation of communication networks even after the construction of the building. In the course of work, it is ensured that the ditch is dug at the maximum possible distance from the columns. The close location of the trench will weaken the ground around them, and reduce their load-bearing performance.

To connect to the sewer, you will need to make a hole in the floor slab for the outlet of the main pipe.

When installing a pipeline under a columnar foundation, it is taken into account that the space under the building is not heated. Warming of communications is carried out with heat-insulating materials or additional heating is equipped by means of an electric cable.

Monolithic slab

Installation of communication highways is real only before pouring a monolithic foundation. When installing sewer pipes, sleeves will be needed. They will not allow the tiled base to overload the pipeline, and will also protect against damage to the main networks in the slab when pouring the concrete mixture.

In the event of an accident, the sleeves will allow you to quickly remove the damaged part and put a new piece of pipe in its place.

The communication network, which is protected by the sleeves, is installed directly into the trench, where the earth is then poured and the concrete solution is poured.

Tape base

Strip foundation

A conclusion in such a foundation can be made both during the construction of the building and in an already existing house. In the first version, the process is carried out during the pouring of the base. In the second method, it depends on how deep the foundation foundation is installed.

It is possible to bring the sewer through the deep strip foundation in this way:

A hole is cut in the formwork. A sleeve made of a metal pipe is inserted into it.
The part is fixed and poured with concrete mixture.
A sewer pipe is inserted into the resulting case.

For work you will need a puncher and a grinder.

If the base is not deep, you can dig using a shovel or a drill. To do this, the future pipeline is mounted in a trench, the bottom of which is below the freezing level of the soil directly under the base. To protect communications from overloads, a piece of metal pipe is put on in advance.

Use of inclined drilling

Making communications exit through the base to the street is not an easy job. To facilitate it will help the use of the method of inclined drilling. This technique is suitable for a significant thickness of the strip base and is a punching of an inclined well to the lower boundary of the building foundation. The channel is needed to bring out communication networks.

Regardless of whether a private house is connected to a central or autonomous sewer, the sewage disposal system on the street must be equipped independently. Before starting this work, you need to develop an installation scheme that allows you to get by with the minimum size of the pipeline and sewer wiring.

This will reduce the cost of purchasing material and increase the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system. Particular attention should be paid to the depth of pipe laying, the angle of their inclination and the reliability of flange connections, since the performance of the sewer depends on these parameters.

Connecting a private house to the sewer

Circumstances and layout of external sewage

The outer part of the sewer system in a private house connects the outlet of the internal drain with a waste storage tank located on the site, or with a central sewer, with a pipeline network. Read about the internal wiring in the house in the article. Laying of external sewer pipes is carried out according to a scheme developed in advance, taking into account the following circumstances:

terrain features;
weather;
remoteness of wells and reservoirs;
the total volume of effluents, depending on the number of people permanently residing in the house;
the depth of soil freezing and its composition;
ways of access of the car of a vacuum truck if necessary.

In the scheme of laying the external sewage system, it is imperative to provide for its ventilation, since otherwise, over time, unpleasant odors will penetrate into the living quarters. Read about the rules for the sewer ventilation device in the article. Ventilation is equipped with a fan pipe, which can be placed on the lid of the septic tank or on the section of the pipeline that runs from the house to the wastewater storage tank.

Scheme of arrangement of autonomous external sewerage

The septic tank is equipped at the lowest point of the geological relief of the site. This arrangement allows you to most optimally perform the installation of external sewage. It should be laid in a straight line to the location of the outlet pipe of the internal sewage disposal system.

Choosing a drain location

When choosing the location of the drain, you should, first of all, make sure that the unpleasant smell does not penetrate into the living quarters. As a result, it should be located no closer than five meters from the house. The optimal distance will be ten meters, it is also not worth placing a septic tank too far, since this significantly increases the cost of laying the pipeline network. The external sewage connection to the house should not be carried out at a right angle. In addition, the following must be taken into account:

water sources should be located no closer than thirty meters;
a septic tank cannot be installed on the border of a neighboring plot;
for the convenience of pumping out sewage, it is better to place drains near the road;
especially careful sealing of the storage tank is needed when the groundwater is located close;
the laying of the pipeline network facilitates the natural slope of the terrain.

Rules for placing a septic tank on the site

A cesspool for sewerage has been used since ancient times. Previously, they did not waste energy on sealing its walls, and when the pit was filled, it was covered with earth and a new one was dug out. Now the walls are made of bricks, concrete rings and other building materials.

Liquid waste fractions seep through the soil at the bottom, being filtered, solid components gradually fill the mine, and after a while they need to be pumped out.

The arrangement of a cesspool is advisable if the volume of wastewater in a private house does not exceed the value of one cubic meter per day. If this limit is exceeded, environmental pollution will occur.

Instead of a cesspool, you can equip a sealed container for the accumulation of wastewater. In this case, a thorough waterproofing of the bottom and walls of the shaft is performed. Thus, the possibility of contamination of the soil and drinking sources is prevented. The disadvantage of this system is the need for frequent cleaning, since the sealed container fills up rather quickly.

Decide on the type of treatment plant

Treatment facilities for a private house are equipped in the form of a simple cesspool without a bottom or a sealed wastewater tank. To improve the filtration of wastewater allows a single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning or a two-chamber septic tank with a filter well. A variant of the construction of three chambers with a filtration field, as well as with the use of a biofilter and an air supply system is possible.

Tire filtration septic tank

A single-chamber septic tank, in essence, is a cesspool with a drainage layer. Crushed stone or gravel mixed with sand is poured at the bottom of the well. Passing through the filter layer, the liquid fractions of the waste are cleaned before entering the soil. After some time, the drainage layer must be replaced, as silt deposits are deposited on it. A single-chamber septic tank is suitable for a private house with a small amount of wastewater.

A two-chamber septic tank consists of a storage tank and a filter well, which are connected by an overflow pipe. In the sump, the faeces are partially clarified, then they fall into the mine with a drainage layer at the bottom. They seep into the soil already sufficiently cleaned.

A two-chamber septic tank is a popular sewerage option for a private house, as it does not require large financial costs for its equipment and works efficiently.

Installing a septic tank of two or more chambers, as well as a filtration field, virtually eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution. Settling in the first tank, the partially clarified effluent through the overflow pipe enters the next chamber with anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic residues. Read about how to make a septic tank with your own hands from improvised materials in the article

After successively passing through all sections, the effluent enters the filtration field, which is an underground area of about thirty square meters, where the final soil cleaning takes place. If there is free space on the site, this method of arranging sewage is optimal.

Diagram of a septic tank with a biofilter

A septic tank with a biofilter is a station for deep sewage treatment. According to the principle of operation, it is similar to a treatment system with a filtration field, only in this case it is replaced by a water separator and anaerobic bacteria settled at the outlet of the overflow pipe into the fourth section, which cleans the wastewater by approximately ninety-five percent. Such water can be used for technical needs.

It is irrational to install deep cleaning stations in private houses with periodic residence, since if the sewage system of such a design is not constantly used, the bacteria that decompose organic residues die. In addition, they are quite expensive.

Sewer pipe laying depth

The depth of soil freezing is a fundamental factor when deepening sewer pipes into the ground. They must be laid below the freezing point, otherwise they will freeze in winter, and it will be impossible to use the sewer until the spring thaw. The appearance of even small ice growths on the internal surfaces of pipelines leads to a decrease in their permeability and the formation of blockages.

Map of normative freezing depths

In the southern regions, the depth of laying sewer pipes is fifty or more centimeters, in the central regions - seventy or more centimeters. You need to know exactly the depth of soil freezing in your area in order not to go deeper into the ground than necessary, since in this case the cost of doing the work will increase.

Organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house

The organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house depends on the stage of readiness for operation of the building. If the house has just been built, shrinkage of the foundation is possible, therefore, drilling a hole in it for the outlet of the sewer pipe must be noticeably larger in diameter than the cross section of the pipe itself.

Variants of schemes for the withdrawal of sewerage from the house

In the event that the house is just being built, the outlet pipe can be walled up during the laying of the foundation. The foundation of a house built several years ago will no longer settle, so the diameter of the hole drilled for the outlet pipe does not need to be increased. Plumbing fixtures should be located at a short distance from the common drain, since in this case it is easier to connect them to a common outlet. If the house has two or more floors, the bathrooms should be placed one above the other, in which case one riser can be dispensed with.

Do-it-yourself installation of external sewage in a private house

The external sewage system consists of a cleaning tank and a piping system connecting the septic tank to the house. Before performing installation work, an external sewerage scheme is applied on the site plan.

Practical options for removing sewers from the house

Then special pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are selected, intended for outdoor use. They are usually orange in color. A trench is dug to lay the pipeline. Its depth is selected depending on the climatic features of the area, the composition and characteristics of the soil, as well as other factors. If necessary, the pipeline network is insulated.

The most time-consuming part of the work when installing a sewer with your own hands in a private house is digging a pit for a cesspool or septic tank. The optimal distance at which the septic tank is removed from the house is about ten meters.

The volume of the storage capacity directly depends on the number of people permanently residing in the house and the frequency of their use of plumbing fixtures.

It is best to connect the storage tank to the outlet of the internal sewer in a straight line, bends and turns of the pipeline system increase the likelihood of clogging. For the convenience of cleaning, a long line in places of change of direction must be equipped with inspection hatches.
This is what a properly equipped external sewer looks like

Wastewater moves through the pipeline system by gravity, under the influence of gravitational forces, so you need to maintain the correct angle of inclination. If it is too small, large fragments of waste will be retained and the sewer will become clogged.

If the slope is too great, solid fractions will be thrown to the walls of the pipe, and again it will become clogged. Information on the correct sewer slope can be found in the article.

The desired angle is maintained and controlled by the building level when digging a trench, its depth increases as it approaches the storage tank or central sewer. A shock-absorbing cushion is laid at the bottom of the ditch, which is a sand mound, pipes are laid directly on it. If it is necessary to change the slope of the pipes, sand is poured in the right place.

An important operational parameter of the sewer system is the depth of the pipeline network. It must necessarily be below the freezing point of the soil in the region. Otherwise, in winter, frozen sewage can break the pipeline network and disable the sewer. To carry out repairs will have to wait for the spring thaw.

How to properly equip pipe insulation

To prevent the occurrence of emergencies in the cold season, it is better to perform thermal insulation of the sewer. Many modern materials, such as polyurethane foam, fiberglass or mineral wool, have good thermal insulation qualities. You can properly equip the thermal insulation of the pipe by simply wrapping it with insulation and placing it in a sheath made of a mixture of asbestos and cement.

Options for insulation of external sewerage

You can also fix a plastic film over the thermal insulation. In cold northern regions, to protect sewer pipes from freezing, the insulation layer is additionally equipped with an electric heating system. In any case, the pipeline network must be laid below the freezing depth of the soil, especially if snowdrifts melt in the spring on the surface. An interesting experience in laying outdoor sewer pipes can be gleaned from the following video.

Comfortable living is impossible without. To organize a drain system, you need to know exactly how to remove the sewer from the house. In country houses and dachas, this will have to be done on your own, because. most often there is no centralized system. In addition, it will be necessary to take care of the place of collection of waste and their subsequent disposal.

What to Consider

The difficult stage of the conclusion has been passed, now you need to correctly lead the pipe into the septic tank:

The first step is to clear the area. The top layer of turf is removed along the entire length of the future trench.
Accurate measurements of the length of the pipe from the crossing point to the wastewater collection point are made.
Now you need to calculate how deep the trench will need to be made. To do this, it is important to remember that the slope of the pipe should be 1–2 cm per meter. If the starting point of the transition from the internal sewerage to the external one is at a depth of 50 cm, and the distance to the septic tank is 10 m, then the entry point to the drain pit should be at the level of 60–70 cm. In the case when the landscape is sloping, it is necessary to calculate the difference and take it away from the end result. This can be done very simply. A line is projected using a laser level. From it, measurements are made to the surface near the house, as well as near the septic tank. For example, if the slope was 20 cm, then a recess of only 40–50 cm would be required near the septic tank.
The trench always digs 20 cm deeper than planned (usually 40 cm wide is enough). This is done in order to carry out the addition of sand to this thickness. The sand is well compacted and spilled with water. After that, he will most likely sit down, so you will need to complete this level.
It is better to assemble the structure on the surface, so you can ensure the best docking, and it is also just more convenient.
The pipe is laid. Around it, an embankment of sand is also made and well rammed. But this should be done only on the sides, because, by pressing from above, it can be easily damaged.
The entrance to the septic tank is sealed with a rubber cuff.
It is desirable that the laying site is not an area with heavy traffic. If this is the case, then it will be necessary to lay corrugated sewer pipes or additional sleeves that will compensate for the pressure exerted.

Note! In certain cases, external laying is allowed. In this case, it will be necessary to take care of good thermal insulation of the pipe by wrapping it in several layers of mineral wool and securing everything with thick foil. If you are not sure whether the pipe in the ground is really below the freezing of the soil, then it can also be insulated or a heating cable can be laid along it.

For outdoor installation, take a special pipe that is designed for this. Under heavy load conditions, you can use corrugated. Also take care of the ventilation of the septic tank by installing fan ventilation.

Video

Watch a video that shows the process of defrosting a water drain in a private house: