Do-it-yourself attic manufacturing stages. How to make a mansard roof yourself. Benefits of a broken structure

The attic device allows you to expand the usable space of the house. A structure with a high roof slope will look solid, and its construction will require less effort than the construction of a two-story building. The article will discuss how to make a mansard roof at home with your own hands.

Varieties of roof structures and roofs

How to make a mansard roof at home depends primarily on the intended design of the roof.

There are 2 types of roof for the organization of the attic:

Standard double slope. The roof structure has 2 inclined slopes. The pediments in this case are triangular.
broken roof. Both slopes in this design are divided into 2 more. The gables have a pentagonal shape.

How to make a mansard roof

The device of a gable roof is much simpler. But it should be understood that the attic in this design will come out small and with low ceilings. Therefore, to complete the task, a sloping roof with a slope angle of 40 to 45 degrees is preferable. And the smaller the slope, the larger the attic room will turn out. But in this case, additional strengthening of the structure is necessary, adjacent beams between the rafters.

There are 2 types of roof structures:

Layered structures. In this case, only the outer walls serve as a support for the rafters.
Hanging structures. In them, additional strength is given due to the capital partitions on which the rafters rest.

The layered version can be implemented if there are no such partitions. But in this case, the load-bearing walls will have a very high load. Therefore, it is allowed to install layered structures only if the distance between the main walls is not more than 8 meters. If this is not the case, then it is preferable to organize hanging truss systems.

How to build a roof attic type with a broken slope? For this purpose, combined types of structures are mainly installed. In them, the upper rafters are mounted in a hanging manner, the rest - in a layered manner. This design is the most rational for buildings with a small roof slope.

To organize an attic room with ceilings of 2.5 meters, you need to make a roof with a height of 3.1 meters to a break. The preferred design slope is 60 and 30 degrees. At the top of the rafters, angles from 15 to 45 degrees are possible.

Do-it-yourself Mauerlat installation

Mauerlat in construction is the lower roof support, which is installed on top of the load-bearing outer walls. It allows you to support the roof structure, taking on a certain part of the load. Let's figure out how to make a mansard roof yourself.

For organization gable design it is necessary to fix the Mauerlat on both sides of the building where the rafters are located. In this case, the load from the roof will be distributed over the surface of the walls. If the roof structure is relatively light, then it is possible to install a power plate under the rafter legs. In other cases, it is placed around the entire perimeter of the walls.

It is necessary to prepare a beam of wood conifers, which will go to the manufacture of Mauerlat. It is recommended to apply hydro insulating layer. Roofing felt or bitumen are great for the task.

For mounting mansard roof do-it-yourself to the base are used threaded studs designed for a wide washer. In its design, you need to make holes corresponding to the size of the mount. The drilling step should not exceed 2 meters.

Now consider the option of how to make an attic roof with your own hands, if the house is brick. To install the Mauerlat on brick walls wooden plugs are used. It is advisable to leave pockets in the masonry - special gaps for laying the structure. In this case, the installation procedure will be easier. In the brickwork, you can place a wire rod, to which you can easily screw the Mauerlat to the base. If you plan to build a house from concrete slabs or aerated concrete, it is necessary to install an armored belt with metal studs. Moreover, their length should be such that it is enough to install the Mauerlat, followed by tightening with a lock nut.

In wooden structures, it is possible to replace the standard support with a beam or an upper log of a log house. This is another way to properly make a mansard roof.

Installation of runs and struts

Runs - additional horizontal beams designed to strengthen the structure.

Types of runs:

Side. Such runs are placed along the entire slope of the roof. Their number depends on the surface area, as well as its slope.
Skate. Used as a support for the top of the rafters. Skate runs optional to use for broken roofs.

Instructions for the construction of a mansard roof with your own hands step by step:

The first step is laying the Mauerlat.
Then you need to place a temporary flooring on the roof so that it is convenient to move along it.
Now the installation of a U-shaped frame of racks, crossbars and girders is underway.
When the frame is completed, 50x150 mm rafters must be laid on it. Struts will add rigidity to the structure.

Installation of rafter legs

There are 2 types of fastening rafters:

sliding(it is also called hinged). It provides for the so-called sled in the mount, along which the rafters move along the Mauerlat. It is suitable for the possibility of settling at home.
Rigid. In this case, staples with bolts or wire with nails are used for connection.

The option of how to properly make an attic with a sliding mount demonstrates greater reliability, since it takes into account the mobility of the roof elements when the soil subsides. Sliding mount will be useful during construction wooden house, for which shrinkage is possible. It will help the roof "adjust" to the movement of the building.

How to build a roof correctly

Recommendation: to understand the location of the upper rafters, it is worth making a temporary rack of bars. It is fixed on the Mauerlat so that its top is located along the center line of the roof. This design will be a hint when leveling the upper rafters, which will greatly facilitate the task.

Need to do upper part Mauerlat bevelled. It is advisable to pre-make thinner boards. Then it must be attached to the run and circle its contours. And already according to the received form, drink it down. This approach will allow you to do the job more accurately. Now you know how to build a mansard roof with your own hands.

Mansard roof is the best way to increase the usable area of the house. This will keep costs to a minimum. With this design, you can equip one or more living rooms. Often in the attic they arrange children's rooms or an office. A comfortable room in the attic can serve as a living room.

When arranging the attic, it is important to remember a few principles that will help create a comfortable and practical room. The mansard roof is a specially equipped attic. When creating such a structure, it is important to carefully approach the stages of thermal insulation, redevelopment and ventilation of the room on the roof. A video of building a mansard roof with your own hands (step by step) can be found at the end of the article.

Advantages and disadvantages of the solution

When deciding to equip an attic room, you need to know the features of its construction. The advantages of attic rooms include:

Appears in the attic extra room. It can be equipped depending on taste preferences and purpose.
Small costs. Building attic space won't add up to a large amount. Such work will be equivalent to the construction of an extension near the house. Wherein effective area the house is expanding.
Great view from the window. Attractive scenery outside the window attic space no one will be left indifferent.

If we consider the disadvantages of the attic device, we should remember the need for additional heating of the room.

Types of mansard roofs

When designing attic floor it is important to take care of choosing the type of roof. It is necessary to understand not only the choice of the appearance of the structure, but also the methods of its arrangement. There are several options that are most acceptable when creating a mansard roof. They can be selected only taking into account the features of the house:

It is important to deal with the device of the mansard roof, which it was decided to make.

Attic device

Each roof has its own design features. However, attic structures have a number of common features and with simple pitched structures. It is important to know them before starting work:

Knowing the structure of the roof, you can start the main work. A photo of the construction of a mansard roof with your own hands (step by step) will help you deal with the stages of the process.

Attic construction technology

Often, when designing a mansard roof, architects do not take into account the errors in the ventilation system and the insulating layer. If there are such errors, the result can be disastrous. Within a few years, the roof will begin to leak. Since the attic is quite close to the wall inside the room, it is quite difficult to provide optimal level heat exchange. The design of the attic must necessarily include elements such as thermal insulation and ventilation.

Important! Elements of the truss system should be pre-treated with various means of protection that will reduce the impact of fire and microorganisms.

The heat-insulating layer is made 20 cm thick. This is due to the cold climate in most regions of Russia. In addition, when creating good thermal insulation in summer, it will be cool under the mansard roof. The advantages of this solution indicate the need to select a high-quality protective material.

In addition, you will need to create a roof ventilation system. In summer, when the temperature is quite high, the roof will get very hot, which can make staying in the attic quite uncomfortable. With a properly equipped air supply and exhaust system, being in a room will become much more pleasant. The same solution will protect the roof from destruction. A layer of sound insulation is laid to create a quiet and comfortable environment inside the attic. At the same time, rain, hail or strong winds will not be heard much.

Advice! when laying is done insulating materials, it is better to work with an experienced installer. This will avoid mistakes.

Stages of construction of the attic

Step-by-step instructions for arranging an attic floor involve the implementation of a number of subtleties of technology. For the construction of the attic, you must have at least minimal experience construction works. The construction of an attic space will be significantly more difficult than in the case of a conventional roof. This is due to the need to comply with the desired angles of the slopes. You can figure out how to build an attic in a private house with your own hands after studying the construction plan.

You need to start with the drafting of the attic floor. For this purpose, it is better to invite a specialist who can accurately calculate the load and install required dimensions elements. If you have certain knowledge, all calculations can be performed in a special program. You will also need to calculate the slopes of the roof and the expected loads. For error-free work, you will need to study the book "loads and effects on buildings and structures."

The construction of the truss frame

When performing this stage of work, you will need to invite 2-3 workers. It is better to start the roofing device with the laying of Mauerlat bars. They are fixed around the perimeter of the house. For Mauerlats choose bars 100x100 mm.

Then they mount the frame of the future attic room. Its vertical elements will serve as support posts for the truss system. First, vertical supports are installed on both sides. They are fixed to the longitudinal beams. To connect you need to use metal corners and self-tapping screws.

Advice! In the process of such work, it is better to use a screwdriver. This will speed up the work considerably.

As a result of such actions, two arches are obtained. They should be connected with a twine. It must be strictly horizontal. Even with a slight slope of the tow, one of the arches will have to be shortened. Then, at a certain distance from each other, other arches should be installed. To fix the jumpers, use stamped corners.

Then the upper rafters are installed. This kind of work is quite difficult. Rafters should be mounted in such a way that they are installed at a certain slope. First, a template is made from the boards. It is necessary that they correspond to the connected rafters. When using such a template, you need to cut the rafters that are on the ground. Then they are installed in the right place. Installation of rafters is carried out taking into account the construction of the internal attic room.

The installation of the truss structure ends with nailing the crate. Usually it is made of plywood or chipboard.

Attic roof insulation

After completing the installation of the truss system and the crate, you can create an insulating layer. The vapor barrier film is laid from the inside of the roof. It is fixed to the rafters on construction staples. After that, thermal insulation is performed. It is necessary to monitor the density of laying the insulation on the surface of the rafters. There should be no gaps due to which problems with condensate and thermal protection of the room may arise in the future. the construction of the crate is attached to the thermal insulation with a gap between the boards of half a meter.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. It will protect the attic from moisture. Roofing is laid on top of the waterproofing layer. Such a roofing pie scheme is optimal when constructing an attic.

Attention! During construction, it is important to take care of compliance with safety requirements.

As you can see, building a mansard roof is a serious job. The durability of the structure depends on the degree of seriousness with which to approach the work. You can find a lot of examples, which design and appearance may have an attic. Among its various types, you can choose the most suitable option. If you want to create optimal daylight, you should install a large window. Often its shape is chosen round or square. In any case, before work, you should carefully prepare and draft a future building.

conclusions

When building a mansard roof, some features of the work should be taken into account. For example, it is important to create proper insulation and waterproofing the cake. In addition, care must be taken to select roofing. Thanks to this, the mansard roof will be reliably protected from the weather.

Before work, a draft of the future building is drawn up. It is created taking into account the design loads and materials used. The construction plan reflects all the subtleties of the process. It is important to follow the mansard roof construction technology - this will ensure its reliability and durability.

The attic design of the attic space allows not only to increase the living space of the house, but also to make the structure unusual and beautiful. Moreover, a building with this type of roof can be made in almost any style. A mansard-type roof, the variants of which can be very different, is found both in the city and in countryside. Consider how to create such a design yourself, and find out what its features are.

Mansard roof - options

Such a roof has a special design of slopes, usually consisting of an upper sloping part and a steeper lower one. Thanks to this form, enough spacious room, which can be used as an attic or even turned into a very cozy living room.

The history of mansards began in the 17th century, such a design of roofs was invented by the architect Francois Mansart - such a roof was named after his last name. But this Frenchman was far from being the first to implement the idea of economical use of the attic floor of the house. The mansard roof was first built by Pierre Lescaut, also a Frenchman who worked on the construction of such famous buildings as the Louvre and Notre Dame de Paris.

On a note! In the 19th century, poor people usually lived on the attic floors, but now this floor can appear in housing and is quite wealthy.

Now attics are quite often built during the construction of country houses or small two-storey cottages, but the idea may well be implemented when creating other types of buildings. The attic has several advantages:

building a house with an attic is cheaper than with two full floors and a roof;
foundation costs during the construction of such a structure are also reduced;
the attic can significantly increase the living space of any building;
it gives the house an unusual and beautiful look;
it is not difficult to build a structure, the work can be completed quite quickly;
the attic is always associated with comfort;
a house with an attic is warmer by reducing heat loss through the roof.

But lofts also have several disadvantages. This type of attic space has sloping ceilings, which results in a small wall height, which makes it difficult to choose furniture. Also, the roof must be well mounted so as not to leak and release heat from the house - you will have to spend money on good hydro- and heat-insulating materials. Yes, and building attics is still more difficult than, for example, the usual gable roof.

Design features

The attic is a universal element. It was used both for ordinary houses and for the construction of country houses, often this type of attic space was chosen even for the construction of palaces. Of course, she could decorate workshops, commercial buildings, etc. And despite the fact that different materials, different styles were chosen, the attic still remained an attic - it has certain design features.

So, this building can have a different geometric shape- triangular, broken, have symmetrical or, conversely, geometrically complex and non-standard slopes. It can be located both along the entire width of the building, and only on one side of it relative to the longitudinal axis.

Bar prices

On a note! If the roof is broken, then Bottom part will have very steep slopes with an angle of inclination of about 60-70 degrees, and on the top slopes, on the contrary, will be gentle (about 15-30 degrees).

But whatever the attic, it will be located within the walls of the main building. Relative to the outer walls, the attic may be somewhat wider, but then it relies on the extensions of the ceilings. If the offset is large, then you will have to install additional supports (for example, columns, walls, etc.).

The height of the attic roof cannot be less than 2.5 m, otherwise it will not work to make a spacious room under it. Windows, which also need to be provided here, will be manufactured using special technologies using tempered durable glass and a reliable frame. They will cost several times more than usual. BUT bearing structures can be made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood. But in the case of the latter, it is important to carefully consider fire safety measures.

The mansard roof is a multilayer structure, which complicates installation. It can be insulated completely or only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe presence of a living room - where there is heating. But in any case, the design of the attic implies the presence of rafters, a ridge, directly roofing material, heat and waterproofing, and a vapor barrier layer. An interfloor overlap will act as a base under the roof.

Mansard roof rafters must have good bearing capacity. The cross section of the materials used will depend on the angle of the roof slope and cannot be less than 5x15 cm at a step of 100 cm. If the slope angle is 45 degrees, then a step of 140 cm is maintained.

Attention! In areas where it often snows and the amount of precipitation is high, it is recommended to install rafters with a step of no more than 80 cm.

If the attic will be used as a living space, then it is important to consider that in this case there is a risk of formation a large number roof condensation. Because of this, pockets of mold may appear inside the structure, a fungus may develop, etc. The presence of a large amount of moisture will also negatively affect the insulating properties of the material. That is why it is important to follow all the rules for installing a mansard roof, and the heat-insulating material must be reliably protected from moisture ingress, not only from the outside, but also from the inside, that is, a layer of vapor barrier material is also located on this side.

Important! Do not forget about the creation of roofing products that will allow air to circulate calmly inside the roof structure and help remove condensate.

Types of mansard roofs

There are 4 main types of mansard roofs that differ from each other design features. They can be divided into single-level and two-level. The former are the simplest in execution, usually combined with a broken line or gable roof with a slope angle of 35-45 degrees. The second ones involve the arrangement of two rooms at different levels. Here a system of mixed supports is used.

On a note! When building an attic under a gable roof, the height of the walls can be no more than 1.5 m, followed by sloping ceilings. With a broken roof, the height of the ceiling along the perimeter near the walls is up to 2.5 m.

When building a house, you can stop at one of the types of attics - a single-level attic with a gable roof, a single-level with a broken roof, with remote consoles, or a two-level with a special mixed type of support.

Table. The main types of attics.

Type of	Description
	In this case, the attic has one level and is equipped under a conventional gable roof. The simplest option, in the design of which you can not use complex calculations. Precipitation with a gable simple roof comes off on its own, there is no need to equip any additional elements.
	In this case, the attic also has one level, but the truss system is performed differently. Formed, as it were, four slopes of the roof. A much more spacious room can fit under it, but creating such a roof is more difficult.
	Of the single-level attics, this is the most difficult option. Here the room under the roof is even more spacious. Usually in this case, the attic room is shifted to one of the edges of the house. This design allows you to make large vertical windows from one side. Main cons - complex shape, construction complexity. But on the other hand, under the edge of such an attic, you can make a functional canopy, where a terrace, garage or other extension can be located.
	The most difficult option is the attic, since at least two rooms under the roof are located here, located at different levels. Such a design, when designing a house, immediately enters into its structure.

The mansard roof can also have a balcony. It is created on the principle of building a window. The main thing is that the bearing capacity of the walls allows you to equip it. By the way, columns can also support the balcony, but in this case it is built above the entrance.

Types of rafters for attics

Roof trusses can be of two types - and layered. You will have to choose between them depending on the method of attachment to the walls of the house. Hanging ones are simpler and are usually used for houses that do not have an average load-bearing wall. The rafters rest only on the main walls of the house, without intermediate supports. The width of the span between the walls cannot be large - usually it does not exceed 6 m. If the span is larger (over 9 m), then the arrangement of struts and attendants will be required.

Rafters are usually used when creating houses with two spans, that is, those that have bearing wall in the middle. In this case, the rafters have three points of support - directly this wall, as well as the main ones along the perimeter of the house.

Material for the manufacture of the truss system

Rafters can be made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wooden rafters are environmentally friendly, they are easy to work with, easily adjusted to the desired size. But wooden structures they are afraid of excess moisture and are prone to the formation of mold and fungus on them.

On a note! Before construction wooden materials recommended to process protective compounds which will extend their service life.

Metal and reinforced concrete structures can not be covered with such compounds - fungus and mold do not appear on them. Due to this, they are considered more reliable and durable. But the main disadvantage is that, if necessary, it will be difficult to adjust them to the desired dimensions on the spot, and the slightest error in the calculations can lead to the roof being skewed. Also a master working with reinforced concrete or metal rafters, may face other difficulties - this is a large mass of products, which forces the use of special equipment even for lifting elements.

Difficulties and features of the arrangement of the attic roof

When designing and building a mansard roof, a number of design features should be taken into account, on the basis of which a number of work rules are formed. For example, the Mauerlat must be fixed very securely with anchor bolts. It is he who will experience the maximum load, which means that he will hold the entire roof on himself. Anchors are additionally recommended to be walled up cement mixture if the main walls of the house are made of stone, brick and other similar materials.

It is also important to remember about correct design and roof layers. For example, mansard roofs cannot be covered with metal roofing materials. They get very hot and it will be too hot on the top floor in summer, there can simply be no question of any comfort of living. As waterproofing material it is not advised to use roofing material - when heated, it begins to smell specifically. It is best to cover the mansard roof with slate or soft tiles. For thermal insulation, it is usually recommended to purchase mineral wool, which is laid waterproofing film from two sides.

Do-it-yourself attic photo

Expansion of living space in a private house after construction will cause a lot of problems, including redevelopment and related costs. But if you urgently need an extra room, there is a way out. Do-it-yourself mansard roof, erected above the house, allows you to increase the living space without completing the construction of an additional floor.

The mansard roof is somewhat different from the usual one. Its design is focused on obtaining the desired volume and height of the room. To achieve this goal, the attic is most often made according to a gable broken pattern.

The shape, angle of inclination and design that a sloping roof has are influenced by such factors:

the height of the snow cover and the maximum level of precipitation in your area - the higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination of the slopes should be;
estimated thickness of sound and heat insulation - a thick layer of insulation has a decent weight, which entails the need for additional fasteners;
in some cases, do-it-yourself installation of a mansard roof involves the addition of an external flight of stairs, which may also affect its design.

Technical terms and safety rules

Do-it-yourself sloping roof is assembled from elements, most of which have their own historical names:

A bar placed along the walls, playing the role of a support for the rafters, is called a Mauerlat.
The wooden beams that form the slope of the roof are called rafters.
The stiffeners connecting the individual rafters and distributing the load force between them form a suspension.
Flat boards, plywood, chipboard and other materials on which tiles, corrugated board or similar roofing material is laid are called purlins.

When working at height, it is very important to take care of your own safety. For this you should:

use a fastening belt;
carefully fix the scaffolding during installation;
do not leave unattended, especially switched on, electric and other tools;
watch for assistants when lifting and moving heavy loads and it is advisable to always be in their visibility zone;
do not leave loose parts on the roof slopes;
try not to be distracted by other things when working at height.

Do-it-yourself attic photo: frame construction

Mansard roofs begin to be built from the base - Mauerlat. It is laid along the top of the walls to bind the box of the house and the roof structure. If the house is not brick, but made of wood, or its last floor the wooden part is crowned, then the upper log or beam can serve as a Mauerlat.

The connection of the wall and the base in this case is carried out by means of large brackets, powerful overlays, nails or ties. To the old brickwork or a concrete wall, the studs or anchors on which the Mauerlat beam sits are driven tightly, and during construction new wall- mounted during the masonry process.

Mauerlat is made only from coniferous wood. The bar has a section of 100 - 150 square centimeters. Coniferous wood is distinguished by its durability, resistance to stress and higher resistance to air humidity.

There must be waterproofing between the Mauerlat and the wall.

It can be a layer of thick roofing felt or a durable waterproof membrane. Thanks to waterproofing, the roof with an attic will be protected from excessive moisture and wood damage. When installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to ensure a strict horizontal of its surface. It will become the basis for setting the verticals and horizontals of the roof structure.

Floor beams are laid on the base so that their ends protrude 30-50 cm beyond the wall line. They are made of coniferous wood, from a bar with a cross section of at least 100x200 mm. The fastening of the beams to the Mauerlat is done with steel corners, brackets and other and durable hardware.

For greater strength at the junction of the bars, you can choose pockets of recesses and lay them with one layer of roofing material. To ensure the horizontal, it is better to first lay the two extreme beams, and level the rest along the stretched cord. Alignment is done by trimming and knocking small wedges, wooden spacers under the bars.

According to accepted standards, the step between the beams can vary from 50 to 100 cm. In practice, do-it-yourself construction of a mansard roof is tied to the dimensions of the materials used, and the step between the beams is adjusted to the width of the interfloor sheet sound and heat insulating material, for example, construction wool. The ends protruding beyond the wall are treated with water-repellent protective preparations.

The racks on which the logs will rest are vertically installed on the floor beams. They are made of timber 100x100 or 100x150 mm. The vertical position of the racks is controlled by a level or a plumb line. The construction of the attic requires mandatory control of the placement of the upper ends of the racks in the same horizontal plane.

Fixing is done by temporary or permanent slopes, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in relation to the axial section of the roof. For jibs, any sufficiently strong boards or trimmings of thin timber are taken. The result is two rows of racks, equal in height and parallel to each other.

On top of them, in line with the Mauerlat, runs are laid - boards with a section of 50x150 mm. Usually they account for the fracture of the roof. There are others Constructive decisions, but such a broken mansard roof with your own hands is the easiest to implement.

Runs of parallel rows are interconnected by puffs. The puff-purlin-beam system forms a rigid skeleton of a rectangular living space. Puffs work in tension and do not carry a transverse load. Therefore, for them, you can take the thickness of the board 50 mm, and the crossbar - 150 mm. To eliminate sagging, it is installed on the edge.

rafters

The construction of a mansard-type roof itself begins with the construction of the truss system. With sufficient experience, it is better to assemble the rafters on the ground and feed them upward for their consistent fixing on the girders and Mauerlat. An easier, but time-consuming way is to collect them locally right at the top.

In this case, each board of the lower rafters is applied and cut in place, after which it is attached in the lower part to the base and protruding parts of the beams, and at the top to the girders. Horizontal installation is controlled by a stretched rope. Fastening is carried out with nails, wood screws, steel plates and brackets. The lower part of the rafter leg should extend 30-50 cm beyond the wall. This will be the basis for knocking out the fillies that form the hanging part of the roof.

The upper part of the rafter system is formed by hanging rafters. They can also be collected on the ground and fed up a ready-made corner. After attaching to the lower rafter legs, the ridge of each corner is rigidly attached to the central part of the puff by means of a headstock.

Under its own weight, the upper part of the truss system forms a strong self-adjusting system, similar to an open umbrella. Thanks to this, any fluctuations of the roof will be compensated by springiness. If the width of the attic is large enough, a ridge is knocked along the upper connection of the rafters. With a small width, the extreme upper boards of the crate can play its role.

Sheathing of gables

Sheathing of gables can be done with any sheet material or boards. When they are hemmed, leave space for window and, if necessary, doorways. They equip a reinforcing frame corresponding to the size of the window or door frame. Simultaneously to the lower parts rafter legs filly are knocked out - extending boards that form the overhang of the roof.

The type of lathing depends on the characteristics of the selected type of roof. If it's soft mansard roof or shingles, then the structure should be solid or with the smallest possible gaps. For a hard coating, their size and the pitch of the crate are indicated by the manufacturer of specific roofing materials.

Waterproofing is installed under the base for fixing the tiles. It is advisable to thickly treat the boards with a moisture-proof preparation. Plywood and other softwood sheet materials must be water resistant.

Warming

A broken mansard roof allows you to limit yourself to the insulation of the living space from above and on the sides. At the same time, the lower part of the roof will be well ventilated, which will prevent moisture and condensation from accumulating. Due to the rafter voids, the attic with your own hands will be protected from overheating in summer, and from hypothermia in winter.

Attic interior cladding

For the interior lining of the attic space, wooden or plastic lining, plywood, thin sheets Chipboard or fiberboard. Heavy facing materials should not be used, since the entire load from their weight falls on wooden beams.

Outcome

A do-it-yourself attic will most fully meet your requirements and will allow you to make the most of the attic space for organizing living quarters.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof step by step video

Modern people try to use the area of their home as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the proposal to equip extra space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure above the old building.

How to make an attic on an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

The attic turns a country house into a fabulous building

An old house can be updated by building a superstructure in accordance with existing standards.

The attic superstructure begins with calculations of the strength of the old house

First you need to decide: can they withstand the load of the attic floor and new roof existing foundation and walls. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can start remodeling the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

Old brick walls sometimes seem strong, but with additional stress, cracks may appear in the mortar over time. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately consider their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:

metal poles with a section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with the lower edge, and connected with the armored belt of the first floor with the upper edge. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
metal fittings with a cross section of 12 mm are placed in strakes and tie the house along the walls: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters up;
lays over the reinforcement metal grid with a cell size of 2x2 cm, which, after completion of all work, is covered with plaster.

Strengthening the foundation is carried out by tying with a reinforcing belt from all sides.

If the old foundation cannot withstand the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can proceed to the choice of the project of the future superstructure. It should look harmonious against the background of other buildings and match the style of the whole house.

The type of mansard roof will determine the calculation of the dimensions of the inner upper room and necessary materials for construction

There are several types of attics:

single-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living space;
A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings
single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased interior space, but serious costs and time for construction;
A single-level attic with a broken gable roof is usually built on a brick house
single-level with cantilever extensions - complex structure, allowing you to get even more space, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;
A single-level attic with cantilever extensions allows you to get a lot inner space due to the increase in the upper structure
multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, built only by specialists.
A multi-level attic with a mixed roof support on old houses is usually not installed due to the complexity and large amount of work.

Video: converting half of the old roof into an attic - an easy way

Alteration of the roof under the attic is a relatively cheap way to increase living space. In a private house is usually placed pitched roof, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal wood paneling makes the attic warm and bright

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

A large attic allows you to divide the area into different residential areas

Advantages of creating an attic:

the possibility of arranging one or more new living rooms;
An attic with low ceilings under a gable roof is most conveniently furnished with low sunbeds
low costs compared to the construction of a full-fledged floor or a side extension to the house;
renovation of the exterior of the building;
A house with an attic under construction always attracts the eyes of passers-by and is interested in the final result.
the opportunity to observe a beautiful view from the attic window.
A lot passes through the windows in the attic sunlight illuminating the room all day long

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages that must also be taken into account:

the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, the installation of several double-glazed windows;
the difficulty of conducting additional heating and lighting in the upper part of the old house - you will have to combine it with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;
To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a potbelly stove
part layout home space under the stairs leading to the attic;
The stairs leading to the attic must be fenced for safety.
the need to purchase special furniture for a sloping roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.
Low furniture is best suited for attic interiors

Availability inclined walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with this decision you will have to take a more responsible approach to design development. You can make furniture for an inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single complex from existing multi-level models, painting everything in one color.

Furniture that repeats the slope of the attic can be made independently

So, the main disadvantage of converting an attic into an attic is the need to invest, but it's worth it.

Building an attic will cost much less than creating an additional floor, regardless of what materials will be used to build the walls. Indeed, to create them, you will need the main material, insulation and decoration, while for the attic superstructure you only need roof insulation and a new truss system.

The superstructure is made in a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape. Internal walls are designed both inclined and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Alteration of the attic into an attic does not require the dismantling of all existing structures. But you need to make sure that ceiling: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, sheathe it new board.Then it will be able to withstand the weight of furniture and people.

For frequent climbing to the attic, you will need to make a comfortable staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, perform interior decoration - all this will create a cozy and comfortable room.

A superstructure with a sloping roof, decorated in light colors, visually increases the space, and color spots add brightness to the interior

When building an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

rafters are made of glued timber with a thickness of at least 250 mm so that the required amount of insulation can be laid;
foamed polystyrene is used for insulation due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to provide natural ventilation;
a hydro- and sound-proof layer must be laid.

Alteration of the roof under the attic do it yourself

During the construction of a house, there is usually not enough money, so many refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story house of a small area is purchased along with the site. In both cases there is affordable option increasing space for living - do-it-yourself restructuring of the attic space into an attic.

Create a project

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. The correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

You can draw a plan and develop a draft design yourself by studying different variants in the Internet

Strengthening the walls and foundation may be necessary in the event of a complete replacement of the rafters. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement may be needed only for overlapping. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the truss system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the attic roof must be thought out in advance and this data entered into the project plan

truss system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The first is based on internal walls houses or additional supports, and the latter - on external walls.

In the attic, layered and hanging rafters are used.

Hanging rafters are best suited for the attic.

An attic with hanging rafters looks prettier and wins in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with the outer ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered truss system.

truss system consists of different bearing bars. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.

The image of the individual elements of the truss system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure

Refurbishment of the premises

With a sufficient height of the attic, the truss system does not need to be redone. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the truss system is in good condition, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floor. Insulation is first laid between the lags, after which the surface is sheathed ordinary boards or sheets of OSB, chipboard.

The floor in the attic is insulated and covered with boards

Between the rafters, before laying the insulation, all necessary communications, places for installing windows are cut in the roof. carried out before warming.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation under-roof space through the vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

It is necessary to insulate the roof correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on this. Usually used as a heater mineral wool, polystyrene or sprayed polyurethane foam.

A thick layer of heat insulator is tightly laid and fixed between the rafters so that there are no gaps or gaps anywhere. On the upper part of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - waterproofing is mounted, then heat-insulating material is laid from the side of the room. Then from the inside the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this is how air circulates through the holes in the cornice and ridge. If the roof is covered wavy sheets, then the thickness of the gap should be 25 mm, if flat material, then it is necessary to bring it to 50 mm.

When creating attic thermal insulation, it is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of layers

When planning an ascent to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the ladder is usually mounted inside the house. It is constructed from wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.

The staircase to the attic can be of different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior.

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced along the perimeter with metal or wooden strapping.

The design of the stairs to the attic must be durable, reliable, safe and beautiful.

Interior decoration

For wall cladding, in most cases, gypsum boards are used, the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is glued on top or decorative plaster is applied. Alternative option- lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be designed as decorative elements and even use it as a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other fixtures.

The design of the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative business.

Use heavy Decoration Materials in the attic is not recommended, as they increase the load on the walls, ceiling and foundation of the building.

There are many options interior decoration attic, but it is advisable to use only light materials

To cover the floor, you can use a laminate or linoleum, and it is better to refuse tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Roof of the attic floor

The roof of a residential superstructure should consist of the following layers (in order - from the street to the interior):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the roof of the attic

Mansard roof calculations for a house

Determination of the total weight of the roof

To calculate total weight roofing materials, specific gravity multiply one square meter of coverage by the total area of the mansard roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, you must add the specific gravity of all the materials that make up roofing cake, and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the crate is 25 mm, then its specific gravity is 15 kg / m 2, a 10 cm thick insulation has a specific gravity of 10 kg / m 2, and ondulin roofing material has a weight of 3 kg / m 2. It turns out: (15 + 10 + 3) x1.1 \u003d 30.8 kg / m 2.

According to existing standards, the load on the ceiling in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg / m 2.

Roof area determination

To calculate the surface broken roof, we need to split it into simple figures(square, rectangle, trapezium, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To determine the surface of a gable roof, it is necessary to multiply the length by the width, multiply the resulting value by two.

Table: determination of the attic roof area

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and that it is convenient to move in the attic in full growth

It is also necessary to calculate the slope of the roof. Usually the angle is 45–60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account the climatic zone in which the house is located, the type of attic construction, snow, wind loads, architectural decoration of the house.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less will be the load on the truss system, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the truss system

When choosing a truss system, you can stop at the following options:

hanging rafters;
oblique type;
skating run;
combined design.

If the length of the roof is more than 4.5 m, then support runs and struts can be used for reinforcement. With a length of more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters a bar with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. The step of their installation should be 50 cm.

On the large area it is better to fasten a metal truss system: due to the increase in the distance between the rafters, the absence of spacers and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation, you need to know the following parameters:

width, thickness and pitch of the rafters;
distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
the size of the boards for the crate and the step between them;
size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
type of steam, hydro and thermal insulation material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each of the materials is determined. For this, simple mathematical formulas are used.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common Mistakes

Most often, with self-calculation, errors are obtained during the determination of the required amount of insulation. If a climatic conditions severe, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create comfortable living conditions in the attic. The heater is placed on floor covering houses, gable walls and roof slopes. But everywhere the thickness of the insulation can be different.

Video: calculation of a mansard roof with diagrams and loads

The attic floor allows you to get additional living space and gives the private house a modern attractive appearance. It is not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out quality installation all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.