The meaning and functions of the vestibule in a private house. A vestibule is a passage space between external and internal entrance doors. What problems does the vestibule solve?

Over the past decade, private home ownership has gained massive popularity and has become almost a trend. modern world. People are increasingly trying to get out of stuffy walls apartment buildings acquiring real estate outside the city limits. Depending on the financial opportunities, cottages are being built from scratch, houses in the village are being rebuilt or cottages are being converted so that you can comfortably spend the winter in nature, away from the bustle of the city.

However, not all city dwellers, having decided to move to the bosom of nature, know the intricacies of rural construction, which we inherited from our ancestors. One of these subtleties is the presence of a vestibule, or simply a vestibule, in a private house. Those very ordinary canopies, sung in the lyrics and rural prose of Russian classics.

What is it and why is it needed?

Tambour in modern construction called the buffer zone between the street and the entrance door to the dwelling. As a rule, the vestibule is small, but sufficient in size to regulate the air flows coming from the street. This is especially important during the cold season.

When you open the front door of the vestibule, the flow of cold air does not immediately enter the house.

That is why our ancestors built a canopy - cold air dissipates in the transit space, allowing you to keep the heat of the main living space, and warm air from the house does not break out when the front door is opened, since the vestibule door is already closed by that time.

According to modern building standards, the doors of living rooms should be separated from the street by at least three doors, this will save optimal temperature bedrooms and reduce heating costs.

But not all builders and the owners themselves agree to heed this valuable advice: many believe that the vestibule takes extra square meters from the living space of the house and it is better to make a double insulated door. However, a double door retains heat better only when closed, and when opened, it lets cold air into the house immediately, since the doors are so close that they open at the same time.

In addition, the vestibule also served as an auxiliary unheated room where it was possible to store garden tools, conserved supplies for the winter, and also had an entrance to other utility rooms adjacent to the house. At present, the entrance to the garage or to the boiler room is often made from the vestibule.

Another significant advantage of the vestibule is that, if it is present, a significant proportion of street dirt and water is not brought directly into the house. In the vestibule, you can leave outerwear, shake off snow and rain moisture, and change shoes.

Types of vestibule in a private house

According to the principle of appointment, the vestibule can be divided into several types:

vestibule-canopy. An unheated room that serves as a buffer zone between the living quarters and outbuildings. It is a thermal cushion in heating the house, and also eliminates the need to go outside to get into the garage or boiler room. In the vestibule, it is desirable to have at least one small window;

vestibule hallway. Warm room, which is a continuation of the house. Here, as a rule, cabinets are located for outerwear, cabinets for shoes, mirrors and shelves for them. Such a vestibule is a continuation, but in fact a full-fledged corridor of the house, therefore it is insulated, heating and lighting are carried out.

vestibule veranda. Most often, this is a room attached to the house, which has a large number of glazed windows.

it bright room in summer season it is used as a veranda and places for relaxation, and in winter it serves as a thermal cushion and prevents the porch from ice formation if the staircase is built into the veranda itself.

Dimensions

Dimensions according to building codes vestibules in a private house should have a minimum depth of 1.2-1.5 m so that the front door of the house can open freely and at the same time not interfere with at least one person in the buffer zone. This is done to preserve warm air, which, when the door is opened, will not immediately mix with the street. By the time it opens street door from the vestibule, the door to the house is already closed, and, accordingly, the heat is preserved.

Doors from the house to the vestibule and from the vestibule to the street should open outwards.

Device and location

Since the vestibule serves primarily to significantly save heating, you should consider maximum efficiency its location and device.

In multi-storey urban buildings, entrances themselves serve as vestibules; in some of the houses, separate vestibules for several apartments are designed, which become an additional utility room. In the entrances themselves are often installed double doors with a vestibule on the ground floor at the entrance, this is also done to keep the heat in the stairwell during the cold season.

By the type of building in a private house, the vestibule can be built-in, that is, it can be in the contour of the foundation of the whole house, or be a separate extension. In the first case, you can simply highlight the vestibule by installing a partition, and in the second, it is built as an independent building, according to all the rules and nuances of construction, starting with laying the foundation.

The tambour can be a frame attached structure from aluminum profile, sheathed with material or completely glazed from ceiling to floor with a PVC profile. In this case, the vestibule will be an air veranda.

Entrance projects

The entrance, located on the north side, is best protected from the wind by the built-in vestibule. It can also serve as a convenient transition to the garage, protect the front door of the house from rain and gusts of wind.

It is not recommended to build a glazed vestibule-veranda on the south and south-west side, since the sun will turn the room into a steam room in the summer, and the opportunity to relax on the veranda will be reduced to zero, since the sun will shine through the south-western windows of the veranda until late in the evening .

In the attached vestibule, there is often a porch structure, and, accordingly, a staircase leading to the house. This will prevent icing dangerous area, and will also allow you to get the keys, shake off clothes, close and open the doors of the house, being protected from snow, wind and rain by the canopy and walls.

As a rule, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house. However, this is not at all necessary: attached to brick house the vestibule may well be made of wood materials on a stone foundation.

The vestibule door does not have to be done before entering the house. If it is possible to make a spacious canopy, then the entrance to them can be on the side of the house. This will further preserve the air thermal cushion between the house and the street. Plan one-story house with a separate vestibule, it can be designed in such a way that you get a spacious glazed veranda that goes around the whole house or part of it.

Tambour finishing

The material for covering the floor, ceiling and walls of the vestibule is selected depending on the purpose and type of extension. If this is a vestibule built into the thermal circuit of the house, then the finish will fully correspond to the interior. In this case, it is necessary to insulate floors and walls, conduct heating, install double-glazed windows or do without window openings at all in order to retain heat as much as possible.

A cold attached vestibule serving as a vestibule can be finished with polycarbonate - it will protect from wind and rain, and create an air cushion.

Arrangement of the interior of the vestibule

Interior arrangement the vestibule depends on its secondary purpose. If you want to make an extension as functional as possible, it will not be difficult. If dimensions allow, then even in a cold, uninsulated room, you can arrange furniture for garden tools, heaters and thermal curtain systems, as well as shelves for items that are used only during the warm season.

Warming

Despite the fact that the main function of a cold extension is to create a protective zone in front of the front door, which does not allow the door to freeze through at low temperatures, it can also perform more diverse tasks. So, even incomplete insulation of the extension can create an optimal microclimate for a gradual transition to frosty air. For example, if you are dressing a child or waiting for the family to gather, one of you will have to stand fully dressed.

In this case, a cool veranda will not allow those already dressed to overheat, while at the same time relieving them of waiting in the frosty air.

The attached premises do not provide sources of main heating, as this is an unnecessary and unprofitable expenditure of resources. Insulation materials can serve as sheathed walls and floors. Niches for insulation inside the cladding are provided in frame buildings, and materials with heat-saving surfaces are suitable for brick outbuildings.

If possible, you can insulate a certain area of the floor with a heating cable laid in one of the corners. This place will serve as a shoe dryer in the autumn winter period and at the same time support certain temperature throughout the room.

For information on how to insulate the walls from the inside, see the following video.

Glazing options

Ideally, openings for windows are laid in the design of the vestibule. This helps in saving energy daytime you don't have to use artificial lighting. However, in a spacious insulated vestibule with large window openings you will have to take care of high-quality glazing of openings, otherwise warm air will not linger in the room. In the case of a vestibule-entrance hall with windows built into the thermal circuit of the house, it is necessary to install double-glazed windows, as in all living rooms.

If the vestibule-veranda does not involve additional heating, then you can glaze the window openings regular windows. This will solve the problem of lighting and protect from rain and wind.

doors

If the extension room does not carry the function of a store of valuables, then the door can be the most ordinary, with a simple lock. Its main function is protection from bad weather and precipitation, as well as the aesthetic function of decorating the front entrance of the house. The entrance door to the house itself should not only be reliable protection from intruders, but also qualitatively insulated, not allowing warm air to escape. Ideally, the space between two doors should read one and a half to two steps of an adult, so that one of the doors has time to be closed when the other is opened. Thus, both doors of the vestibule, with correct distance from each other, will serve as savings in heat energy costs.

Roof

The installation of a roof is assumed only in projects of vestibules, which are an external extension to the main object. For the roof of the extension, a certain configuration is required for the slope of precipitation, as well as fastening indoors, that is, it is enough solid foundation and frame. Do not forget about the drainage system so that raindrops do not fall in a stream on the space in front of the door.

Tambour is necessary in any private house. Many do not pay due attention to this small room, believing that the vestibule is only suitable for storing clothes and shoes, but this is not so. It is very important to avoid drafts, additionally insulate the front door and minimize the ingress of street dust directly into the house. In addition, the design this room is also important: since the vestibule usually occupies a minimum area, its decoration should be simple and concise. At the same time, it is worth furnishing the vestibule as comfortably as possible, because it is in this space that you immediately find yourself on the threshold.

Types of vestibules

Tambours are not always placed in front of the entrance to the house, but in recent times they have become more and more popular. To save money, vestibules are made in the form frame outbuildings having a polycarbonate base, and more an expensive option is brick outbuilding, which is also often done for big houses. This space is important to minimize the penetration of cold air and dust into the living space. At the same time, vestibules are very diverse.

Vestibule-hallway- this is the most common option. In this case, there is no need for an additional hallway directly in the house - very often it is not done at all. Thus, this vestibule allows you to save space - it will be an ideal option for small houses in which everyone square meter I want to use it as rationally as possible. In such a space, you can place a small wardrobe, hooks, shoe racks and a mirror. Good lighting is essential for maximum comfort.

Good lighting is essential for maximum comfort.

Tambour-veranda or combined with a balcony- This is usually a fairly spacious room with large windows that can be used for outdoor recreation. Here they often have small table, a bench, miniature storage cabinets, and on the windowsills you can grow seedlings or houseplants. To maintain a comfortable temperature, it is better to make double-glazed windows and an insulated front door. A similar layout is often chosen in spacious private houses or cottages.

Tambour-canopy often done in residential buildings: this option involves the use of space for household needs. This is an ordinary insulated porch, where everything you need for gardening, repairing and cleaning the house is usually stored. However, even such a space can be stylishly decorated by laying out all the necessary things in cabinets.

Finishes and materials

The decoration of the vestibule can be very different - everything will depend on your budget, the design of the exterior of the house, as well as the need to seriously insulate the vestibule or simply avoid drafts. The materials for the vestibule can be varied - consider all the options and determine Which one is best for your home?

Plastic vestibule- This is enough economical option, which is often made for middle-class homes. The walls in this case are assembled from PVC panels - given material strong enough and resistant to changes weather conditions. It is not difficult to assemble such a vestibule even on your own. At the same time, it is very important to insulate it. This can be done by upholstering the walls with additional insulation - the cheapest and most traditional option is felt, but there are also more modern heat-insulating materials.

Brick vestibule for a brick house it will look the most harmonious, and also turn out to be the most durable and practical of all possible options - similar design will stand for decades, will be able to protect the interior from wind and cold. Brick should be chosen according to the color of the house, so that the vestibule fits into a single ensemble with the main building. A brick tambour always looks good and often does not even require additional finishing from the inside, which is one of the absolute advantages.

A brick tambour always looks good and often does not even require additional finishing from the inside, which is one of the absolute advantages.

Glass vestibule often made to use it as a veranda. Can be made fully open glass walls and the ceiling on the frame. Such a project will not be cheap - especially when you consider that all glass must be insulated for a comfortable stay inside in cold weather. At the same time, such an unusual design solution is certainly worth the money: you will get an excellent view of the courtyard and will be able to feel like a part of nature, and indoor plants will feel great in this vestibule. One of possible problems regular wet cleaning may be necessary to keep the glass clear.

Wooden vestibule most characteristic of the same wooden houses. However, any option can be trimmed with wood outside or inside - for example, from brick or plastic. Wood is not the most practical material; on average, such vestibules have to be repaired after 10-12 years. At the same time, a tree can look excellent, it leaves a lot of room for imagination: you can make carved decorations, varnish the boards or paint them in any color. The tree will fit perfectly into the country-style design and allow you to fully feel like a part of nature.

Deciding on the size

Many refuse the vestibule for the reason that in a small house it will take up too much space, which you want to use as economically and expediently as possible. However, the vestibule may not take up as much space as it seems. Consider the following popular sizes and decide how spacious vestibule you need:

The minimum depth of the vestibule is considered to be 1.4 m, and the width should be only 1 m. Many owners small houses economy class, it seems that the smallest vestibule is the best solution, although this is by no means always the case. In a more spacious vestibule, you can place functional cabinets and shelves, and, with a minimum size of the vestibule, it will take up space without performing any practical function.

Therefore, such a vestibule-porch should be made rather in a spacious house, where it is possible to make a separate entrance hall and veranda.

Suitable for maximum space saving vestibule of medium size with a width of 3-4 m. In this space, you can easily equip the hallway: you can put a small closet, place open wall shelves or shelves for shoes, hang hooks for outerwear and put a mirror. Thus, inside the house itself in the hallway there will be no need.
Spacious vestibules in private houses with a width of more than 5 m the owners often equip it like a veranda. It is especially good if there is a large window in the vestibule or it is possible to make mirror wall. At good insulation, such a vestibule will become a favorite place for breakfast or dinner in a small family. It is enough to put a small table and a few chairs.

Do-it-yourself tambour

If desired, a vestibule can even be built with my own hands. It is an ordinary extension to a private house. If the house has a porch, the task will be greatly simplified - you just need to enclose it with walls. If there is no porch, you will need to make a foundation and floor: if you have never been involved in construction, for this, it is worth attracting professionals, otherwise, such an extension may squint or collapse in just a few years.

When creating a vestibule in place of the porch, it is important to initially draw up a project correctly. Consider the following nuances:

The walls of the vestibule can be made from a wide variety of materials. It can be wood, brick or PVC. PVC is the easiest to work with, although brick and wood walls can also be made by hand.
Walls made of wood or PVC should be installed on the frame. It can be made from wood or metal rods. If you cannot work with welding, you suitable wooden option.
For insulation, the inner surface of the walls should be sheathed with felt or modern materials that retain heat. Then the walls can be finished with drywall, painted or wallpapered.

If possible, it is worth making a vestibule with a window - this will be especially useful for a spacious vestibule. At the same time, if you want to make glazing with double-glazed windows that will not let cold air through, you will have to turn to professionals for this.
The plan should be developed taking into account how the annex is located in relation to the house. For example, you may have a house with a vestibule on the side or front. Think about making it easy to enter the house from the street, but also about how the vestibule will affect appearance at home. If you have cottage with a separate vestibule, you do not need to build it too wide. It is important that the extension looks harmonious.
Think about the lighting of the room in advance. If you have a very small vestibule or an option with a window, one lamp will be enough. Spacious outbuildings need bright light from one or more sources. This is especially important if you are going to use the vestibule as a hallway.

See below for a master class on building a vestibule.

Vestibule interior design

Many neglect interesting design solutions in the vestibule, not considering it as a full-fledged part of the house. At the same time, the situation at the threshold of the dwelling is very important - this is what will allow you to feel comfortable from the very entrance to the house. Almost any design can be made inside the vestibule - everything will depend on the layout, the purpose of the room, and also on your tastes.

Ceiling decoration is usually not very diverse. Most often it is simply covered with white plaster, less often they are made suspended ceilings. Sometimes the ceiling in the vestibule can be horizontal, and sometimes it is left in the form of a triangular roof - both of these options can look good.

In a spacious vestibule, some place lamps around the entire perimeter of the ceiling, but are usually limited to one light source.

The floor can be finished in many different ways. Consider the following options:

Some prefer to leave the floor concrete, but in this case it will always be cold: it is worth laying a carpet and walking only in shoes.
Linoleum is inexpensive option, which will allow you to finish the floor, and it is not difficult to lay it on your own. At the same time, in the vestibule of a private house this option often turns out to be not very practical, linoleum is quickly scratched and torn.
Instead of linoleum, you can put quality laminate. It will look better, last longer, and also be warmer. In addition, now you can find a laminate with a very interesting design- for example, multi-colored or monotonous options imitating wood, as well as models with prints and ornaments.

Parquet is a rather expensive coating, which is rarely done in the vestibule. At the same time, it can look great, serve for decades, and also allow you to feel closer to nature - this is a great option for connoisseurs of country style.
Lots of people make floor tiles. This may look very interesting, because the choice modern options tiles are very large. In addition, you can overlay the stairs with the same tiles, which will make the design more solid and harmonious.

The greatest scope for imagination leaves the design of the walls. A variety of options are possible here - it all depends on your preferences and layout:

Wallpapers are used quite rarely - they can quickly peel off from the contrast of temperatures, so they are only suitable for temporary decoration.
The easiest way to beautifully decorate the walls in a room is to simply paint them. If the walls are perfectly even, you can apply a thin layer of paint just on the plaster, and it will look good. If the walls are not made perfectly, you can give them texture - now there are techniques for applying relief paint with strokes or splashes - this will help make minor flaws invisible.

Paint should be chosen dark or in pastel colors- depending on the area. White walls should not be done, because they will quickly get dirty, and designers also recommend abandoning bright colors in a small room.

Unlike many places and objects in the house, the front door is never idle. Regardless of the activity or number of residents, the entrance to the house is always used: go to the store or work in the garden, a neighbor or guests come, the cat asks for warmth.

And while the door is in the open position, not only fresh air enters the house, but also summer heat, winter cold, and those who enter bring with them autumn dampness, road dust and mud on shoes.

To solve such problems in private housing construction, a small room is used in the form of an extension - a vestibule. By virtue of different circumstances not everyone feels it obvious benefits. Skeptics believe that there is little benefit from such a small room and it is pointless to spend space on it, and the problem of air exchange can be solved by installing a double or insulated front door.

Such a position is not without meaning and is quite viable, but only in the southern regions, where the climate is moderately mild, there are no significant temperature drops, long autumns and heavy snowfalls. In all other situations, a well-equipped vestibule will be useful, and sometimes simply necessary. It should be clear right away that building codes do not oblige to build a vestibule in a residential building. But according to them, there must be at least three doors between the street and the bedroom. The vestibule, being a kind of buffer between the outer and inner front doors, fits perfectly into this rule.

A special need for a thermal buffer is felt in winter. If there is only a door, even a double one, significant heat losses are inevitable. No matter how insulated the door is, when it is opened, cold air immediately rushes in without hindrance. If there is a vestibule, both doors do not open at the same time. Thanks to this, the incoming air remains here and does not penetrate into the rest of the house. Thus, the vestibule retains expensive heat in winter and coolness in summer, especially when the air conditioner is running. Here they linger unpleasant odors from the street, for example, smoke from fires. Even though this room small sizes, here you can store shoes and outerwear.

We are planning a vestibule

Since this building is not mandatory, there is no regulation on the design of this area. But after all, the vestibule cannot exist without entrance doors, there are several points on this occasion that help to properly equip this room. The location of the entrance and, accordingly, the vestibule is influenced by the nature and wind rose of a particular area. For the organization of the entrance, the leeward side is preferable. In this case, the house will be somewhat warmer, because gusts of cold wind will not beat on the door. Otherwise, when the entrance is facing north, the vestibule will show itself as efficiently as possible. The air cushion of the buffer zone of the vestibule will not allow the northern winds to cool the rooms on the first floor.

In private housing construction, two versions of vestibules are used: internal and attached.

Among the advantages of the attached premises, the following points can be distinguished:

the extension does not "eat up" the living area;
the possibility of creating at any convenient time after the construction of the house;
the cost of construction, even taking into account the availability own roof, cheaper than the built-in version;
can be arranged in the form of a glass-covered veranda;
if there is free space, it can be used to store garden tools or for household needs.

If the vestibule is made in the form interior, it is also not without some advantages:

such a room is more comfortable and warm even in the absence of heating, as it is surrounded by thicker walls;
the extension, especially if it was built later, does not always fit into the architectural surroundings, and the interior cannot adversely affect the appearance of the house;
if the house has a large area, it is easier to allocate internal space than to arrange the construction of an extension.

When designing an entrance, it is important to plan the door correctly. It should open outward. So it will be more protected from breaking and will ensure quick evacuation in case of fire. In addition, such an arrangement of the door will give more free interior space that can be spent on something else. A window must be provided in the vestibule. For security reasons, it is better to make it deaf and place it directly above the door. The light coming from above below will provide the necessary illumination and, if this room is small, no additional source is required.

Since this is a buffer zone, the coating here must be appropriate: hard, durable, not slippery when wet, moisture resistant. As you know, cold air always stays at the bottom. If you lower the level of the vestibule a couple of steps below the floor, this will provide additional protection from entering the house.

Creating a tambour

The dimensions of the future extension are determined solely by the preferences of the owner of the dwelling and his plans for further use. There is an opinion that the construction of a vestibule that is too small is not economically justified; in everyday life it will be irrational, since the limited space cannot be used in any other way. If you are still determined, then the whole process is not particularly difficult and is quite within the power of one employee.

The erection starts from foundation laying. For a small room, a light foundation is suitable. Usually these are piles installed at the level of freezing, and a concrete grillage. For the installation of piles around the perimeter of the site, holes of the required depth are prepared. In this process, roofing material will not be superfluous, it will also become a formwork during pouring and protection in further use.

When the piles are completely ready, work begins on the formwork for the grillage. If the structure needs to be raised above the ground, the desired height is reached with a sand cushion. Before pouring such a foundation, the bottom of the formwork is covered with a film, and then the reinforcement is laid. After preparing the foundation, you can begin to build walls. Using the releases of reinforcement, the walls of the vestibule can be connected with the walls of the main building. The construction is completed by installing the roof.

thermal insulation

In order for the vestibule to become a truly reliable barrier, its design must have certain thermal insulation properties. The basis of the thermal circuit is the outer wall. If the vestibule is attached, it is blown by the winds from three sides, so the thickness of the walls and the filling of the insulating cake must comply with these conditions. As a rule, the same material is used to build the vestibule as for the construction of the rest of the house. If, for example, glued beams were used to build the entire house, or ceramic blocks, general additional insulation is not required, but in the case of a vestibule it is better to insulate. To create an insulating layer, foam plastic, various mineral wools, perlite are suitable. During installation, the insulation is reinforced with a mesh, and then finishing, painting or plastering is performed.

From the point of view of the general design, the vestibule room can be organized according to the principle winter garden. In this case, the main structure is a glazed plastic or metal profile. The main point that you should pay attention to is the docking of the structure with the foundation and the main walls of the building. Fibrous insulation is used to seal the expansion joint. From the outside, the seam is protected from the weather with waterproofing tape or sealant for outdoor use. When installing the roof, a different insulation technology is used. An independent structure is being prepared from rafters with a cornice strip, which closes the joint.

Regardless of the design of the vestibule, it is important that there are no gaps. The most likely places for their formation: corners, baseboards, door perimeter. Ideally, eliminate similar shortcomings still under construction. In any case, to solve such problems, it is better to use mineral wool, tow, insulating tape, as well as silicone sealants or polyurethane foam.
The door is part of the structure, and its thermal insulation properties should be level. It is preferable to install entirely wooden or metal door With internal insulation. With a structure of plastic profile the same door with partial glazing will do. If funds are limited, you can insert a regular interior door, after insulating it around the perimeter.

Vestibule heating

Among experts in the field of construction, the issue of vestibule heating causes a lot of controversy. Some are ardent opponents of active heating of this room. Others propose to bring the main circuit here, as in any other room, arguing that an unheated room in severe frost can cool down so much that it ceases to function as a thermal barrier. Building rules do not recommend placing heaters in rooms where there are external doors. The reason for this is that in critical frosts there is a possibility of freezing of the coolant. A traditional steam circuit can not only freeze, it is also unnecessary energy consumption. Experienced house designers also recommend abandoning the use of systems here. steam heating, but fundamentally not against heating the air. After all, the meaning of the vestibule as a building is to be a buffer room for mixing the heat of the house with the cold air of the street.

As a solution to the problem of heating, the following options are possible:

The first is the laying of an electric underfloor heating in the screed. Such unobtrusive heating will correspond to the functional purpose of the room and provide a sufficient level of heat to store outerwear and shoes here. At the same time, on very cold days it is an absolutely safe option. An additional advantage is cost-effectiveness, autonomy, the ability to turn on separately from the main system. The second solution is an active electric heat fan. Install such equipment vertically to supply air in a given direction. Working in pairs, the installation is able to create a curtain that completely blocks access to cold streams in living rooms at home. This option is also safe and economical. InnovaStroy offers quality engineering work including installation different options heating equipment.

Interior decoration

The special conditions in which the premises are located throughout the year, and these are temperature differences and significant changes in humidity, do not allow using all the possibilities of modern finishing. In addition, you need to immediately count on the fact that in this room there will be dust from the street, dirt, snow and moisture from wet shoes. Accordingly, for walls and ceilings, materials are preferred that will make it possible to perform without consequences wet cleaning. The easiest option to install and maintain will be plastic panels, it is even better to arrange everything with plaster and subsequent painting. To save money, you need to immediately choose the facade paint, otherwise you will have to repaint the vestibule every year. Traditional for internal works gypsum materials should not be considered at all. Under such conditions, the coating will quickly become unusable. Since in the vestibule there is not always artificial lighting, for finishing better fit light color palette. Besides light walls visually increase the volume small room.

The vestibule floor should become synonymous with strength and practicality. Priority in the choice should be given to wear-resistant and moisture-resistant materials: linoleum, ceramics or natural stone.

Using the vestibule

Some business owners assign the role of a pantry to the vestibule. They keep a lot of old things here, shoes, garden and household tools, bags with the remains of building materials. All this is very businesslike, but in the end, without that small space it is cluttered, it is difficult to remove it, and sometimes it is simply impossible to walk through it. Use the area of a small vestibule only for storage systems for unused shoes and outerwear, preferably closed ones. Don't leave the clothes you wear in season here. Keep it in the hallway or your wardrobe. Hooks for umbrellas, brushes or keys will be useful in the vestibule. A free wall will be decorated with a mirror. Use the extra space as a "garage" for a sled or baby stroller. If your vestibule is deep enough, do not skimp on space for a built-in wardrobe. It will become a haven for those items that do not get along well in the house, for example, skis, a gymnastic hoop, etc. If you don’t want a closet, make a mezzanine. There, from prying eyes, you can hide boxes from household appliances, which cannot be thrown away under warranty, empty glass containers, sports equipment.

If the garage is attached to the house, it will be very convenient to make an exit to it from the vestibule. However, this is another source of cold air. But if the door to the garage and the entrance are not located on the same axis relative to each other, the ventilation of the vestibule is minimal. Especially given that both doors won't be open at the same time. However, this arrangement also has its drawbacks. If you brought furniture to the garage, it will be difficult to bring it into the house through the corner passage of a small vestibule room. The choice of a door to the garage must also be approached carefully. Let it be less warm, but it must be absolutely tight. Through it, gas from the exhaust of a car or the smell of fuel should not pass into the house.

The fight for purity

Dirt on shoes can reveal where a person has been during the day. Small pebbles, snow, dust will eventually come home with shoes and find their place. It is necessary to make sure that the vestibule is the place where all the dirt remains without getting into the house. Usually the whole fight ends with laying a rug on a rag or rubber base. They quickly fill with dirt and cease to perform their functions.

Dirt protection systems are the most efficient and easy to maintain. They are made of metal, aluminum, combined with rubber inserts. They perfectly collect large dirt and do not allow thin heels of women's shoes to get stuck.

Features of the layout of the vestibule

There are no separate standards for the design of vestibules. However, there are rules that, among other things, regulate the arrangement of this space.

To locate the entrance to the house, and with it the vestibule, preferably taking into account the wind directions prevailing in the area. A door on the leeward side will make the house a little warmer, because gusts of wind will not blow into it.

At the same time, the vestibule can be built into the main volume of the building or attached to it in the form of a protruding part (risalit), where you can also place a staircase. The front door must necessarily open outward: this improves its resistance to breaking, increases the free space in the vestibule, and ensures safer evacuation in case of fire.

Natural lighting is not necessary, artificial lighting is sufficient. But glazing can be provided in the inner door: this will increase the illumination and improve the visual perception of the space. The floor covering must be hard and not slippery (even when wet). When installing dirt gratings, they should be flush with the upper floor covering, without a protruding threshold. This guarantees a safer ride. Finally, the vestibule area is often lowered two or three steps below the level of the first floor, which further contributes to the retention of cold in this room.

Most often, the vestibule is built from the same material as the house.
A translucent structure, such as glass, can also serve as a vestibule.
In small old houses, for example, in adobe houses, they often made summer kitchen- in fact the same vestibule, isolating the residential part of the house from the cold.
Building a vestibule in the main volume of the house with reasonable planning can help in zoning the space
If the vestibule is small, then the door should be installed so as to open to the street.
It is better to heat the vestibule autonomously - using the "warm floor" system or installed above outside door fan heater.
The tambour, lowered 2-3 steps below the level of living quarters, better retains the cold.
Fencing off a small hallway, turning it into a vestibule, is easy and inexpensive, and the resulting buffer will save on heating.
Two rugs - with a large cell and a hard pile - will clean the shoes best

Which vestibule to build - heated or not?

A lot of controversy raises the question of the need and possibility of heating the vestibule. Some experts strongly recommend that a circuit of the general heating system be carried out here in order to avoid frost on the doors or ceiling of the room in winter. In addition, according to them, the vestibule in frosts can cool down so much that it ceases to play the role of a temperature buffer.

However, according to building codes, heaters should not be placed in rooms that have external doors, in order to avoid freezing of the coolant. And most designers do not advise connecting the vestibule to traditional heating systems: this leads to unnecessary, completely unnecessary energy costs. The very essence of the vestibule, what it is needed for in the first place, is to be a buffer, a mixing zone of cold and warm air.

It is permissible to install two thermal devices here. Firstly, it is a cable underfloor heating. It will not harm the main function of the vestibule, provide a more comfortable change from street shoes to indoor slippers, and speed up the melting of snow, which is often brought on the soles. An air curtain will also be useful, that is, several fan heaters installed above the doorway, with a flat, clearly directed air flow. It will be enough to install a curtain of low power (i.5 ~ 5 kW) so that the wall of warm air along the opening completely cuts off the cold air from the residential area. In this case, the vestibule will be used only for changing shoes and accumulating street dirt.

Vestibule thermal insulation

The usefulness of the tambour playing the role of a constructive temperature barrier for the rest of the premises depends, first of all, on its heat-insulating qualities. outer wall the tambour, being a part of the exterior structures of the house, is an integral element of the thermal contour of the building, and its “pie” should help to ensure and maintain the “thermos effect”.

The wall is made of the same material as in the rest of the house. But if additional insulation, for example, for a wall made of ceramic block or glued laminated timber, is usually not required, then in the vestibule area, experts recommend arranging a layer of thermal insulation made of foam, perlite or mineral wool slabs (basalt or glass wool - read more about seamless heaters here). For the latter, film vapor barrier is required on the inside and waterproofing on the outside. Outside, a reinforcing mesh is strengthened on the heat-insulating layer and then covered with finishing paint or plaster.

An attached vestibule can also be made according to the winter garden technology: a frame made of aluminum or plastic profile with double glazed. The main thing is to ensure reliable docking. profile design with the main wall. To do this, arrange an expansion joint: leave a gap 20-50 mm thick, fill it with fibrous insulation (tow or mineral wool, but not polyurethane foam) and protect with facade sealant or waterproofing tape. The same seam must be made at the junction of the foundations of the cottage and entrance vestibule to avoid cracking over time. But the roof of the extension cannot be docked in this way. To cover the attached vestibule, it is better to make an independent truss structure, and close the joint from above with a cornice strip.

Also in the vestibule you need to special attention make sure there are no gaps: along the perimeter of the doors, along the baseboards and in the corners. It is better to fill large holes with mineral wool, but you can also blow it out with polyurethane foam, and fill small gaps with tow, seal with insulating tape, or simply “close” with silicone sealant.

Do-it-yourself tambour

We fill and assemble the frame.

I collected galvanized corners, yellow self-tapping screws, because black breaks through one. bottom bar pulled with studs, pre-laid during concreting.

I suddenly remembered that I forgot about the porch (in fact, I wanted a welded one, but abandoned this idea). We make formwork under the porch.The frame has already been sheathed by this time.

We fill this case, not forgetting the mortgages under the railing.

Outside wind protection, inside vapor barrier or vice versa, I don’t remember.

We sheathe the outside with siding, on pre-installed profiles. We also cook poles for the visor

Inside - plastic panels

Tambour from double-glazed windows

The area where the vestibule will be located is determined.
The most distant corners of the future premises are pits for supporting pillars.
For correctness, the pillars are concreted during installation. Filling the proposed floor with soil.
Distribute metal profiles with their fastening on supporting pillars.
Roof beams are added, connecting them to each other, using all safety measures.
Attaching roof beams to the frame of the profile and to the metal profile.
Next come the materials that insulate the vestibule.
Wall treatment, room decoration.
Insertion of double-glazed windows and doors, fastening to the load-bearing frame.
Elimination of unfinished details.

Small vestibule with your own hands

Likewise, we start any construction from the foundation. The foundation will be piled with a grillage. To do this, you need to drill holes with a hand drill for a depth below the freezing of the soil. Install reinforcement in the hole under the pile.

We make waterproofing piles. We take the roofing material and turn it into a tube, install it in the vent. In addition, it will act as a formwork, since the grillage is finished 10 cm above the ground. We pour concrete.

For grillage, we make formwork, lay reinforcement and fill it with concrete. In order to raise it above the ground, you need to add sand, and pave the bottom of the formwork with a film.

Somewhere in three days, you can begin to install a reinforced concrete floor.

On the seventh Tuesday we build walls that are connected to outer wall at home with the help of rebar outlets.

Building up the roof in the vestibule.

Vestibule size

For residential buildings, the dimensions of the vestibule should be as follows: depth 1.4 m, width = doorway width + 0.3 m.

For public buildings, the size of the vestibule is calculated slightly differently. Depth should equal width door leaf+ 0.2 m, and width = door leaf width + 0.15 m on each side. Only in this case, the minimum depth should not be less than 1.2 m, and if disabled people abuse it, then the minimum depth should be 1.8 m and a width of 2.2 m.

Building a vestibule measuring 1.4x1.2 m under the table on foot is not entirely rational. Therefore, this building often develops into a glazed veranda, where there is already more space and you can place some kind of furniture.

Sources: imhodom.ru, kak-svoimi-rukami.com, svoidomstroim.ru, hdinterior.ru

We need to allocate an entrance hall and a vestibule in a private house. Since there is not much space for these two rooms, that is, the task is to make a vestibule minimum dimensions. Question: what kind (so that after all it was not cramped)?
In the picture, a vestibule 1.85 m wide and 1 m deep is highlighted. Plus the area of the doorway of the front door. Those. the total area of the vestibule is 1.85 m + (0.5 * 0.8) = 2.25 sq. m. The front door opens to the street, the door from the vestibule to the hallway will open inside the house.
Small vestibule or normal? M.b. deepen it to 1.2 m?
There is another option not to deepen it, but to expand it and make it 1 m * 2.2 m in size.
In general, I need recommendations, first of all, from the residents of private houses or architects. There is an ambush here: the larger the vestibule, the smaller hallway. I wouldn't want to cut the hallway. Therefore, the minimum vestibule is needed.
Tambour options (in my opinion):
1x1.85 m
1.2x1.85 m
1x2.2 m
The vestibule is unheated: to shake off the snow from the ears, wet clothes, throw off very dirty shoes, etc., before bringing it all into the hallway. Clothes and shoes in warm hallway will be stored. Those. we are not going to install a built-in wardrobe for things in the vestibule.
We live in Samara.