Mansard roof frame. Mansard roof truss system equipment: drawings. Installation of skylights is carried out in stages

When building such a complex structure as a do-it-yourself mansard roof, a lot of different factors should be taken into account. First of all, you need to choose the type of roof, of which there are many. Next, you need to draw up a project with the calculation of the truss system, the slope of the slopes, the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and the amount of materials needed for its construction.

The roof is being built according to certain technologies, which cannot be violated. We will talk about how to make a full-fledged attic floor in a country house in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before we begin to figure out how to properly build a mansard roof, let's see what varieties of such structures are. Such roofs differ in the shape and number of slopes, their angle of inclination, the type of roofing material used, and the degree of insulation. The choice of one or another type of roof depends on a variety of factors: the architectural design of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic, in principle, is allowed to be arranged under the roof of any design.

Mansard roofs are:

Shed. This is the easiest type of roof to build. Under the shed roof in the attic room there will be only one full-fledged wall;
Gable. The device of the mansard roof of this type is also not particularly difficult. Its disadvantage is not too large usable area. After all, the corners of the room under the gable roof form an unused "deaf" zone;
Double broken lines. This option is much more convenient in terms of housing;
Tent. Such a roof is arranged in square buildings. The hipped roof has four slopes of the same size;

Hipped mansard roof is arranged in square houses

Hip. It is also a hipped mansard roof. Instead of gables, slopes are provided in the design. The hip roof is also very convenient for arranging an attic under it;
Multi-forceps. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
Pyramidal, conical, domed. Roofs of this type are arranged on buildings of complex shape.

A roof of any design can be converted into an attic

There is also a mansard-type roof itself. Its design involves the removal of slopes far enough outside the building itself on special consoles.

On a note: With your own hands, most often, a gable broken roof is arranged under the attic. The technology of its construction is quite simple, and the room as a result is quite spacious.

How to make a roof calculation

In order to calculate the amount of roofing material, insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier film, it is necessary first of all to determine the area of the future roof. It is especially difficult to perform the necessary calculations if the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, a diagram of the mansard roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of each figure is calculated. The results obtained are added up.

The area of a triangle is calculated by the formula S=(bxh)/2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, h is its height. The formula for calculating the area of a trapezoid is S=((a+b)/2)xh, where a and b are the bases of the trapezoid, h is its height. The circle formula is S= pxr 2, where r is the radius of the circle. Number n=3.14

Mansard roof. Drawings allow you to easily calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof

roofing material used. Manufacturers always indicate what the minimum and maximum angle of inclination is acceptable for one or another of its types;
Climatic conditions. Do-it-yourself mansard roof is arranged taking into account the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be exerted by the wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on the roofing cake and rafters will be less;
The purpose of the building. The design of the mansard roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that in the future it will be a living space. Therefore, it is recommended to choose such an angle that the height from the floor beam to the top of the roof is at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and sheathing.

Continue the installation of the mansard roof by installing the lower (layered) rafters. For them, a bar with a section of 50x150mm is suitable. You should first make a template from a not too thick board. One of its ends is applied to the Mauerlat, and the other to the run. Next, mark out the shape of the gash and cut it out. According to this template, the rafters are cut.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters mark the center of the roof. At the same time, a temporary stand is nailed to the Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is set. Next, a template is prepared from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut out along it. In the center they are fastened together with metal plates. Then you need to put hanging racks (beam 25x150mm). After that, the lower rafters are strengthened with struts (board 50x150 mm) and the gables are sewn up.

For fixing all elements of the truss system, galvanized corners, self-tapping screws and nails are used.

crate

Mansard roof projects can involve the use of a wide variety of roofing materials. Very often you can see roofs made of metal or corrugated board. A sparse crate can be installed under them. When using rolled materials, a solid one is mounted.

Mansard roof lathing can be solid or sparse

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

Do-it-yourself attic roof will turn out to be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a superdiffusion membrane is used to protect roofs. Mount it start from the bottom. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30 degrees, the overlap between the rows of the film should be approximately 25 cm, at an angle of more than 30 degrees - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to the rafters by means of special brackets. A counter-lattice is stuffed over the film. Roofing material is attached to it.

Roofing material is mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Important: During installation, make sure that the film is not stretched. The material should sag slightly. Thus, ventilation of the under-roof space is ensured.

Warming

Subject to all insulation technologies, you will get a mansard roof suitable for arranging a living space. Do-it-yourself heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installation of insulation from the outside, the attic is preliminarily sheathed from the inside. After the laying is completed, in order to prevent the plates from falling out, they are covered with wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Insulation of the roof of houses with an attic. Photo of basalt wool between rafters

On a note: Most often, mineral wool is used to insulate attics. It lies between the rafters denser than the foam. As a result, the appearance of cold bridges is excluded.

Vapor barrier and cladding

The attic of a gable roof is arranged with the obligatory use of a vapor barrier material. On top of the cotton wool, it is necessary to stretch the isospan with foil into the room. Above it, a counter-lattice is stuffed under the skin. Thus, ventilation is arranged. From the inside, the attic is sheathed with drywall, clapboard or plywood.

In this way, a reliable mansard roof can be erected with your own hands. The video below shows the process of installing a roofing pie with laying insulation on the outside.

As you can see, the procedure for erecting a mansard roof is quite technologically complicated. However, it is still possible to arrange additional living space in the country with your own hands, with a little effort.

When people start building a house, they rarely think about the fact that the composition of the family may soon change. What to do if additional living space is needed, and it is impossible to expand the dwelling with outbuildings due to the small area of the land? The design of the mansard roof solves the problem of lack of space, it can be mounted on a newly built house or to reconstruct an existing roof.

Gable attic

Sloped roof with attic

Varieties of mansard roofs

The group of mansard roofs includes all types of roofs, under the slopes of which it is possible to equip a living space. According to building codes, an attic is distinguished from an attic by a ceiling height suitable for human habitation and the presence of natural light. The following are suitable for attic installation:

Houses with a roof of any type can be equipped with an attic, however, working with a hipped, shed and asymmetric is more difficult and expensive, it is better to abandon these options in favor of more rational ones - a gable or broken roof.

Types of attic rooms

A heated attic space is a real alternative to the second residential floor of a wooden or brick house. The fact is that the increase in the number of storeys of the structure is associated with significant costs for the capital foundation and the construction of the stairs. Different attic configurations are used depending on the available area and the needs of the homeowner:

Single-level. Under the broken or straight slopes of the gable roof, there is only one living space. The construction of this type of attic is not associated with an increase in the weight of the roof, so it is suitable for buildings under construction and reconstructed. Even a master without experience can perform the calculation and build a drawing of a single-level attic. According to building codes, the ceiling height in a residential area should be 2.5 m or more.
Single-level with a remote console. A cantilever type mansard roof device is placed under an asymmetric roof. To increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe living space, part of it is taken out to the limits of the perimeter of the structure. The protruding part of the attic, based on pillars, is adapted for a canopy or garage. The roof of the house with consoles is asymmetric, the main part of the house is covered by a gable roof, and the console is a single-pitched “patch”. The console view of the attic is erected to install vertical windows for natural light. However, professional architects can create a project and drawings of such complexity, and a complex scheme of the truss system is not suitable for self-assembly.
Two-level. If the roof height exceeds 5 m, then in the attic room it is possible to equip two rooms located at different levels and connected by a staircase. This type of attic is not built on existing houses. Two-level premises are planned at the design stage, taken into account when creating foundation drawings. The scheme of the relative position of the truss system is specially developed for the complex, asymmetric geometry of the roof slopes. The second level of the attic is based on columns, so the reliability of the structure directly depends on the correctness of the calculations and the professionalism of the architect.

Designers can create real masterpieces from cantilever and two-level attics using the advantages of panoramic lighting, equip a greenhouse, nursery or bedroom filled with fresh air and light, however, a simple single-level design is more suitable for self-assembly.

Advantages of the attic

Homeowners try to use every opportunity to rationalize construction costs, so they do not miss the opportunity to use the space under the roof of the house. This option to increase the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house has the following advantages:

The minimum price of 1 sq. m of living space. Due to the fact that the attic equipment is not associated with an increase in the cost of building a foundation, the cost of each meter in a house is cheaper than in the construction of two-story structures.
Rationalization of heating costs. An air pocket between the attic floor and ceiling prevents the heat generated by the heaters from escaping through the roof. Air does not transfer heat well, so it will be warmer on the ground floor of the building, which leads to energy savings.
Finished look. Attic equipment makes the look of the house complete and harmonious, allows you to equip a balcony, shed or garage.
Construction speed. During the construction of the attic in a residential building, it is imperative to stop the operation of the first floor. The speed of installation allows you to complete work on the attic equipment within a week.
Minimum costs. Experienced builders say that there is no cheaper way to get a few square meters.

To equip an attic room, the length of the end wall of the building must exceed 4.5 m, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is more than 7 square meters. m, the recommended proportion of height to area is ½.

Natural lighting in the attic

The presence of natural light is a prerequisite that must be met in order for the attic space to be considered residential according to building codes. There are two ways to organize it.

When choosing windows for the attic, keep in mind that it must be in harmony with the roofing material, the total area of windows cannot exceed a third of the surface of the slopes, and the size of the translucent structure directly depends on the angle of inclination.

Ventilation equipment

If you are going to insulate and heat the attic, it must be equipped with a forced ventilation system. The cold under-roof space is ventilated independently with the help of dormer windows. In a well-insulated attic, natural air circulation becomes difficult, which makes it stuffy, damp and uncomfortable. To avoid such problems, installation is necessary:

The location of the elements of the forced ventilation system on the soft roof

A working forced ventilation system makes air circulate with the help of convection - the properties of warm air rise up, making room for cool air taken from the street. This will increase the life of the truss system, roofing material, protect against mold and dampness, and also create a pleasant microclimate in the attic.

There are ready-made drawings of mansard roofs of a standard size available for do-it-yourself installation, if you are an inexperienced builder, then it will be most reliable to stop at just such options.

Video instruction

How to build a mansard roof with your own hands. Stages of construction. Heater installation. Creation of a truss system. Construction technology.

After building the frame of the building, many want to save money and do the construction of a mansard roof with their own hands. However, in order for this process to go "without a hitch," you need to know all the nuances of installation at each stage.

Stages of work. Roof device. Types of roofing materials. Features of the truss system. Installation of lathing, waterproofing and insulation. Roof types. The correctness of the work.

Skylights

Use the entire possible area, give the house originality and significantly reduce heat loss through the roof - these are the tasks that the attic solves. If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way it is possible to turn a one-story house into a two-level one. It is also attractive that a do-it-yourself mansard roof can be built even without special building skills.

It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows in the usual floor are located in the walls. There are no or almost no walls in the attics. Roofing replaces them. That is why windows are made special: they not only have to let in enough light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much more on the roof than on the walls.

When planning an attic, it is worth considering the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend that the window area be at least 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Of all the methods shown in the photo for arranging skylights with an attic, the inclined installation is the easiest to implement. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, as well as to use special models with a reinforced frame and reinforced glass - the load on the surface can be significant.

Benefits of a sloped roof window:

more light, not so sharp borders of light and shadow;
the roof surface remains flat, its relief is not complicated;
relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, it must be remembered that its area increases with an increase in the angle of inclination.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it, calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to put two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask an expert

When installing a dormer window, the geometry of the roof becomes more complicated: a valley appears on top and on the sides. Because of this, the truss system becomes more complex in both planning and assembly.

The complexity of laying roofing also increases. All valleys are the places of the most probable occurrence of leaks. That is why it is necessary to do everything very carefully. In regions with a lot of snow, it is advisable to install snow retainers above such windows: so that they are not blown away during a sharp descent.

The advantage of such a window: near it you can stand in full growth. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more difficult and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if an exit to a balcony is made through it. In other cases, this method of arrangement is not the best option: there is little light, the shadows are very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complicated, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window in the end part of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Quite simply high-quality glasses are enough. It is this option that can most often be seen in country attics: this is the most inexpensive option, which is easily implemented with your own hands.

truss system

With the independent construction of private houses with an attic, usually a sloping roof is chosen. It allows you to get a room of a significant area, larger than under the gable.

The design of the sloping mansard roof is such that the overhangs can be lowered quite low, giving the house an interesting look. But the long overhang of the roof is not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning, you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase the windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main of which is weather conditions.

Tilt angle

It depends on the roofing material, but most of all - on the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60 °, the upper ones - by 30 °. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, all lengths can be calculated. Just keep in mind that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

In the classic version, the load from precipitation on the side surfaces may not be taken into account. Precipitation can only be held on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45 °.

In general, the slope of the side surfaces usually ranges between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds, it is better to make flatter roofs. Then the wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of rafter systems of broken roofs

For the manufacture of a sloping roof frame with their own hands, pine lumber is most often used, the grade is not lower than 2. The choice of the cross-section of timber and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing (its weight), wind and snow load in the region, the installation step of the rafters. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The technique is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TCP 45-5.05-146-2009.

For a small-sized building, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafter legs, a puff, floor beams, racks and side rafters

An attic room equipped as an attic is one of the options for increasing the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house. The roof of such a room must be strong, and its truss system must withstand heavy loads.

Varieties of roof structures, advantages and disadvantages

During the construction of the attic, a truss system is used, which differs in shape and type of construction. The roof can be:

Dvuhskatnaya. The easiest way to mount the structure is a symmetrical gable roof.

It has a frontal view in the shape of a triangle. If the width of the house does not exceed 6 meters, then the angle of inclination in such a roof can be within 45 degrees. With a house width of more than 6 meters, the angle should be increased to 60 degrees.

The advantage of such a mansard roof is the ease and speed of installation, the reliability of the structure and its ability to withstand significant loads.

The disadvantage is the small space inside the room, which does not allow you to design a large attic.

Installing a gable roof truss system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ykQjiMMUbA

Tri-slope and four-slope. It has another name - asymmetrical, having slopes of different slopes and lengths.

The advantage of such a roof is a beautiful design and originality.

The disadvantage is that such a roof is much more expensive and has a complex shape that requires scrupulous calculation.

Broken gable. The slopes of such an attic structure have two parts located at different angles of inclination.

The advantage of a broken roof is that in this option you can use the attic space under the attic with maximum efficiency. In addition, it is the most economical.

Half hip. One of the types of gable roof. A characteristic feature is two slopes (hips) above the frontal part of the roof.
Hip. It is a trapezoidal slope on both sides of a long roof and triangular slopes on both sides of a short one.

The advantage of half-hip and hip roofs is that, due to the absence of gables, they are able to carry significant loads. They have low windage. The rafter system of such roofs makes it possible to mount an overhang of significant dimensions, which will serve as protection from atmospheric phenomena. more durable.

The disadvantage is the difficulty in installation. Hips reduce the total space of the attic. Hip and semi-hip roofs require windows, which should be given special attention at the design stage. Windows located in the slope itself are easier to manufacture and install, but must be closed during precipitation. Vertical window openings are much more convenient, but their equipment and installation is much more complicated.

Designing a truss system for a hip roof

Material for the truss system

The materials used for the manufacture of load-bearing structural elements must be durable, withstand temperature extremes, have a low specific gravity and be resistant to moisture. The most acceptable material is wood. For the manufacture of the structure, conifers with high strength and minimal rotting are chosen. These can be larch, pine or spruce. The finished timber must be treated with an antiseptic and refractory material. Also, the roof truss system can be made of glued beams, but this will increase the length of the run.

The truss system can be made of lightweight metal structures. This version of the roof is easy to install, easy to operate and maintain, but it costs much more.

The main elements of the truss system

The basis on which the inner and outer skin of the attic space is mounted is the truss structure. Often there are cases when the internal space between the roof and the sheathing serves to lay various kinds of communications.

The design consists of the following parts:

Rafter. They are one of the main elements of the frame of the entire structure. The angle of inclination of the slope, the scheme, the stability and strength of the structure depend on their shape and quantity.
Runs. Designed for connecting rafters.
Mauerlat. Rafters are mounted on it. It acts as a foundation for the entire attic structure, evenly distributing the load on the building along its entire perimeter.
Crate. Sheathing material mounted on the rafters on which the roof is attached. In addition, it increases the rigidity of the entire structure.
Skate. The place of the upper fastening of the slopes of the attic roof.
Support stand, brace. Spacer elements that strengthen the rafters.
Sill. Beam between the front wall and the ceiling. Mounted parallel to the ridge. Serves as a basis for fastening struts and racks. Gives strength and stability to the rafters.
Puff. Fastener designed to fix the rafters.
Filly. A piece of timber that extends the rafters to make the overhang of the required length.
Roof overhang. The lower part of the roof that extends beyond the walls. It is intended for protection of walls and the base from influence of an atmospheric precipitation.

Broken attic structure and its calculation

The attic with a sloping roof is the most used, since the area under the roof can be used to the maximum benefit. A reference scheme is considered to be a diagram in the context of which there are elementary figures: a rectangle is in the center, an equilateral triangle is at the top, two right-angled triangles are on the sides. The drawings of this design are easy to calculate. The general scheme and individual drawings are applied to paper before the start of calculations.

The sloping roof is calculated by the elements:

calculation of the angle at which the roof will be installed;
determination of the dimensions of the ridge and side rafters, as well as elements for their reinforcement;
calculation of the dimensions of the crate;
calculation of the areas of slopes;
determination of the mass of materials required for the roof;
calculation of the load and mass of the insulation;
setting the required distance between the rafters.

Important! The angle at which the roof is installed should be within 30 degrees in its upper part and 60 degrees for the side rafters.

The length of the side rafters is calculated by the formula. We have the initial data: 0.5 m - the roof eaves, 2.5 m - the height of the support, 60 degrees - the angle of inclination. We apply the formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle.

L = cornice + height / cosinus 60 = 0.5 + 2.5 / 0.5 = 5.5 meters.

The length for ridge rafters is calculated using the formula for an equilateral triangle. Suppose that the base or puff is 4 meters, the angles A at the base correspond to the angle of inclination of the ridge rafters, which is 30 degrees, at the top of the triangle the camber angle is 120 degrees.

L = tightening / 2cosinus A = 4 / 2x0.86 = 2.3 meters.

For the installation of a broken attic structure, the minimum allowable cross-sectional dimensions for rafters are selected: 50 x 100 mm. To determine the weight of the truss material, the average value of the density of the tree at a moisture content of 18 percent is chosen. This will amount to 0.5 tons per cubic meter.

The density and pitch of the lathing depends on the material of the roof. For a soft roof, a plywood crate is mounted over the entire surface of the rafters. For semi-rigid and rigid roofs of large sizes, a compacted or sparse crate is installed. Under a semi-rigid roof of a large size, it is necessary to lay a continuous layer of lathing. Basically, the crate is mounted every 25-35 cm. The width of the board is about 25 cm.

To calculate the area, the design is divided into geometric shapes. Their areas are considered separately each, then all the data are summarized. For a broken attic structure, the area is divided into 4 parts: 2 side, 2 ridge. Calculate the area of each, increase by 2 times and then add everything.

Calculating the weight of the roof is a must. Approximate weight 1 sq.m. roofing can be: slate - from 11 to 14 kg, soft tiles - from 9 to 16 kg, galvanized sheet - from 3 to 6 kg, ceramic tiles - from 50 to 70 kg.

The average load for a broken roof should be at least 200 kg per linear meter. This will ensure the containment of snow load and wind on the entire structure. In addition, there are correction factors that depend on the slope of the structure: up to 25 degrees, the coefficient is 1, from 25 to 60 degrees - 1.025, from 60 degrees and above - none.

The distance between the rafters is set differently, depending on the roofing. If the rafters are made with a section of 50x150 mm, then the approximate step between them may be:

for ceramic tiles, slate, ondulin - 80 cm;
for metal tiles - 60 cm;
for corrugated board - 90 cm.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

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Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our families and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to lack of square meters. How to make housing spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far ahead - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied space with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic will be the most successful option!

Currently, this is a fashionable design for private houses. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard (fr. Mansard), the conversion of roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the rich. From here, by the way, the name came - attic.

Many people ask the question: "Attic or additional floor?". It is worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, the pros and cons, consider the purpose of your home (cottage or permanent residence), your marital status, and budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full-fledged second floor.

In this article, we will tell you how to significantly transform the usable area with minimal investment. And with the implementation of all the necessary activities, you can handle it on your own.

Installation and arrangement of the attic, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! A great studio, office or storage space for unnecessary things will come out here. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious square meters into a warehouse?

Typically, attic spaces are provided to children who like to be placed on high levels, and besides, low beams often cause some inconvenience to adults. This floor is the last one, and the higher, the better the view, no doubt. The presence of pipes, the proximity to the roof, a remote balcony, a sloping ceiling - all this will become a stylish help for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will work out as well as possible, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house will not be harmed, and the dwelling will last a long time. Believe me, the attic is a very useful thing!

The most successful solution is a frame attic. Before you begin to develop a superstructure plan, you must make sure that the lower floor can withstand the additional load. After all, every person who encounters a building knows that the main building is placed on a supporting structure, which is calculated based on the entire mass of the building. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make the necessary calculations, as well as check the foundation for cracks or any damage on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is constructed, the appearance of the attic can be different. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire top floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not often possible to see attics that extend beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or broken. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof consists of two planes, as it were. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling let in many times more light than ordinary windows in the rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing, observe harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight construction, which consists of more than 50% of lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, it does not create a load on walls and ceilings.

There are several design features that cannot be ignored.

take seriously the thermal insulation, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often “suffers” from frequent and sometimes strong temperature changes;
it is important to make waterproofing conscientiously, so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
between the thermal insulation layer and the roof, ventilation must be done properly.

The parameters of the truss structure should be determined by the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm. The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the design of the system are flexural and compressive strength, the desired density and moisture content.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire and bioprotective structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers are advised to leave the attic space intact. Nevertheless, if it becomes necessary to separate rooms, then it is better to build partitions using drywall.

Consider also the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

due to the sloping roof, unlike the usual floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing / opening the doors;
psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time you want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
regardless of the type of roofing and even the correct installation of sound insulation, sounds from rain will penetrate into the room;
it is important to think over the heating system correctly;
the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop a future attic project. After that, prepare the design of the attic, as this is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade - the pride of the building. The appearance and interior depends on the methods of coating and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Shed

The simplest option, which is a sloping area fixed on load-bearing walls. Advantages: ease of calculations and installation work, due to its low weight it is suitable for buildings on simplified foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to loads (snow).

gable

One of the most common options. Such a structure consists of two opposite slopes, which lie on the walls of the building that serve as a support and are connected at the top with a ridge. Material investments in a gable roof are quite small, while it looks aesthetically attractive. The gable roof device includes: rafters, lathing, inclined planes, mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

broken line

The broken roof structure is a subspecies of the gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Four-sided or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant to strong winds and leaks during rainfall roofing systems, where two triangular slopes are installed instead of gables. Complex installation is a minus of this design: it requires accuracy in calculating the truss system and installing the frame. For this reason, designing is usually trusted to professionals.

Multi-forceps

Among all the designs, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting is considered to be multi-forceps. It is characterized by the presence of several gables (from 3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on the architectural style and design.

The attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

single-level- a fairly practical option in execution that does not require complex development and serious calculations;
two-level- This is a building that is difficult to erect, the project of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current building technologies make it possible to make different types of balconies in the attic. To select the desired design, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. And it doesn't matter if the balcony was already included in the plan, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

The most successful location option is from the side of the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows you to use part of the roof as a canopy, and the ceiling of the floor as a floor.

Another type of construction is the option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of roofing, part of the building is left uncovered so that a balcony can be equipped there.

Drawings and calculation

The main parameter when planning the attic floor is the ceiling level, the optimal height of which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before direct construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a broken gable roof, but then as many bearing supports as possible should be installed for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Do not forget to include the ventilation system in the calculations, as well as windows and furnace heating pipes, if any.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan should contain all the information about the shape features, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After the exact calculation of the mansard roof truss system is completed, all the necessary materials should be purchased and the roof should be prepared. Only after that, you can start building.

Do-it-yourself attic manufacturing steps

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as decide on the materials for decoration. You should listen to the opinion of professional designers who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will guide you step by step through all stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in an old room. It does not matter whether it is single-pitched, double-pitched or broken, without a doubt, the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make a diagram in different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the truss system. The most important thing is to accurately calculate the height of the roof ridge, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge about 3.5 m - with the independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to your full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must be aware of the existence of two types of truss systems: inclined and hanging. They differ from each other by the method of attaching nodes to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will be held only on the walls of the house and connected to each other with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this particular type of rafters is assumed, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are larger, for example, when the span width exceeds 9 m, then more struts have to be done.

In two-span houses, where there is only an average supporting wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, the three base points (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inside) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other with the help of corner plates. The crate itself is made of slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key steps in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the crate, which will protect against moisture penetration, and glass wool is laid on the inside for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, interior processing and design of walls and partitions, as well as the installation of windows.

As we have already mentioned above, the most successful will be the use of metal tiles or corrugated board as a material for roofing.

floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: backfilling of expanded clay or laying mineral wool slabs. Both methods involve protection from moisture with hydrofilms. Also pay attention to the wooden floors. Here, the insulation is performed with dressing of the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose the flooring of your choice. It can be ceramic, parquet or laminate.

Window

Loft windows are quite a labor intensive but worthwhile process, so consider if you can do it yourself. In fact, they do not differ much from facade ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation, you will have to disassemble the metal tile, while trying to maintain waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much lighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that if snow and ice are not cleared regularly, the window may be subject to temperature changes, so it is important to select models according to the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For a comfortable stay and use of the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

It is necessary to take into account all the details at the initial stages of design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

Fireplace. Efficient, comfortable and completely safe way.
If your house already has a heating system on the ground floor, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing the necessary safety measures. But more convenient - turbocharged gas boilers that do not require a separate room. They are wall mounted and very easy to use.
"Warm floor". To create a comfortable microclimate in the room, you can install underfloor heating. This can be done both with your own hands and with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

An important point is the proper arrangement of ventilation. Only in this way will attic heating work well.

Warming and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of contact with the street, compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be taken very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulating materials. However, when solving this problem regarding full-fledged thermal insulation and vapor barrier for the house, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will not only reduce heat loss and heating costs at home, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and sputum, the formation of frost on the roof . The choice of materials for the "roofing pie" must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When you choose a finish in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where the temperature practically does not drop below zero in winter, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and most budgetary - based on mineral wool, polystyrene foam is used less often. Sometimes it is possible to use a heat-insulating layer consisting of modern filling agents or materials in the form of a liquid sprayed onto the walls and solidifying into a solid form. In all these cases, the roof will come out no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the “roofing pie”, the design of which consists of metal tiles or corrugated board, lathing, waterproofing membrane, truss system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space is sure to extend the life of your roof. Never play the lottery "will carry it - will not carry it", but "wind it on your mustache" the advice of experts.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use wood as a finishing material from the inside, various types of composite panels, HPL panels (or HPL in Russian - high pressure laminate). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using drywall sheets (gypsum plasterboard).

Roofing should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated board, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to an existing building.

To begin with - before altering the attic - you need to make drawings and draw up an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will face.

It is not easy to develop a plan for a mansard roof alone: certain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific calculations are important here. You can’t make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and besides, it can damage the overall building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the beginning of construction to the design of the premises.

Partitions

One of the simplest tasks that you can definitely handle with your own hands is the installation of interior partitions. Usually, drywall and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quickly and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: a frame, and gypsum boards are attached to it. At the end, the lining of the partition is made. To do this, you can use lining, block house, imitation timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After warming the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The peculiar geometry provides excellent prospects for creative design solutions. Immediately, we note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at finishing materials.

The most popular material plastic lining. Advantages: uniqueness, budget, environmental friendliness. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Of the minuses, it is worth noting fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

Not the most expensive material plywood sheet. Covering the walls with them is quite easy. It also has excellent sound and heat insulating properties; no preliminary leveling of the surface is required before installation.
Finishing the attic with drywall will allow you to embody the most original design solutions: with its help you can create suspended ceilings, arches and even columns. At the same time, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then this finish will last you a very long time.

So, let's sum up and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and high-quality attic you will need:

careful design of the future extension;
strengthening load-bearing walls and foundations;
roof removal;
erection of the frame (it will be easy enough for you to assemble it with your own hands);
roof insulation, waterproofing;
window installation;
interior decoration and insulation.

With excessive savings, as practice shows, the house can eventually turn out to be of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult relatives and friends, as well as those who already have similar experience.