How to build an attic house with your own hands. We make a beautiful attic floor with our own hands. We insulate the walls of the attic

Many male people, finding a family, sooner or later think about purchasing their own home. Someone takes an apartment on a mortgage, and someone saves money for. But not many people manage to save up for a big house, and the alternative would be to build a house with.

What is a mansard roof

The attic can be built from or from a suitable material for you.

It will not be difficult to build an attic, but patience, diligence, suitable materials and the availability of a tool are necessary.

The shape and design of the roof must be included in the design of the house in order to avoid incidents during further operation.

You can take a typical project for building a house or order it from professionals. In such documentation, you will be able to understand where to start and choose the right materials for construction.

Now you can buy everything you need, but first equip a place to store building materials and tools. The storage area must be dry and free from rain or snow to damage the building material.

Also, under a canopy, it will be possible to equip a small workshop for the manufacture of some parts of the house or roof. For a house from or who does not have the opportunity to build a full-fledged second floor, choosing a mansard roof would be the best option. House from will be a budget option. Next, we will consider the attic device.

Structural elements of the attic in design are practically no different from gable roofs.

Materials required for the construction of a mansard roof

The roof is the outer covering of the roof, it protects the inside of the attic and can be made of various materials.

For roofing, as a rule, such materials are used:

Stages of building a mansard roof with your own hands

After getting acquainted with the names of the roof device, we can continue to further disassemble the construction in stages.

First stage

The construction of the attic always begins with Mauerlat mounting.

When building on a stone box, you need to think about fixing with studs or anchors at a distance of no more than two meters.

At the locations of the anchors, the timber is marked, a hole is made in it and put on the anchor, then the Mauerlat is fixed with nuts to the wall.

To simplify the marking, it is necessary to put the beam on the anchor and lightly walk with a hammer on top, after these manipulations there should be traces, they will be places for drilling holes.

Second phase

The second stage in the construction of the attic will be the installation of floor beams.

Actions must be consistent.

First of all, the extreme beams from the ends are installed, then the intermediate ones. Between the intermediate and extreme beams, it is necessary to pull a nylon cord or scaffolding, or you can still use a level. These devices are needed to indicate the plane.

Third stage

We install, align in a vertical position and fix the support posts.

We strengthen with jibs and make horizontal runs.

It should be borne in mind that the racks are placed in equal numbers with the floor beams on two parallel sides of the attic.

The rigidity of the supporting structure is provided by horizontal runs.

Fourth stage (truss system)

The details of the truss structure prepared according to the template are installed according to and fixed to the vertical supports.

Elements can be fixed using boards or metal plates with holes.

Fifth stage (pediments and crate)

W
we sew the gables, leaving room for, we attach the sheathing boards all over the roof. This is the easiest work in the construction of the attic.

Sixth stage

So we have almost come to the end of construction and this is the insulation of the mansard roof with our own hands.

In modern construction, a variety of materials are used for insulation and you can purchase them at any hardware store.

final stage

Free space under the roof of the house can be converted into a residential attic. This is not only a rational option to turn the attic space into a functional area, but also a great way to increase the usable area. Turning an attic into a room today is not difficult. Fortunately, there are advanced technologies and modern materials for this. Often, all work is carried out independently, taking into account the nuances of such a room. The arrangement of a free zone under the roof is useful not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also from a functional one. When carrying out work on the arrangement of the upper part of the house, the mansard roof is additionally insulated.

Peculiarities

The popularity of houses with an attic is explained by the peculiarity of the architecture of the building. The attic got its name from the founder, the French architect Francois Mansart, back in the 17th century. Since then, it has become convenient to use the last floors of buildings, although initially they were allocated for household needs, it was not a living or warm room.

Today it is quite possible, for example, to equip an additional bathroom. But more often the room is modified for an additional bedroom, living room or playroom for children. The attic will never be a living room in the traditional sense due to the broken roof and technical nuances. However, this does not prevent many from planning the construction of houses, taking into account additional meters, just in case. Like any building, an attic room in a private house has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

It is worth mentioning the following main advantages of a functional room in a private house:

no additional structures are required;
the building is able to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe house;
no need to solve problems with sealing buildings;
you can beat the design of the external appearance of the building;
even a two-level design is reliable;
heat losses are reduced (this is especially noticeable in winter);
in the process of arranging the attic, as a rule, major repairs are not required.

When evaluating the quality of the building as a whole, it would be useful to recall the shortcomings of the attic:

sometimes this is not an opportunity to increase space, but a clear “loss” of useful meters (mainly in old houses);
problems may appear in the presence of sloping ceilings and walls;
hydro and thermal insulation of the house leaves much to be desired (what to say about the attic);
old roof windows sometimes cause a lot of problems.

Features of the attic floor often lie in the fact that this room itself (more often in modern houses) extends almost along the entire perimeter of the house. In this regard, it is often necessary to modify or supplement the facade of the house (parapets, niches, ledges, decorative elements) in accordance with the technical features of the roof. In individual construction, the possibility of completing or altering the mansard roof is provided.

Types of roof structures

For individual construction, the use of various options for the roofing system is typical.

Particular attention is paid to the construction of a mansard roof, which differs in the main types of structures:

single or gable (broken, gable);
hip and semi-hip.

Characteristic features for each type determine the possibility of arranging the attic.

Today, in addition to traditional, more modern forms are used:

shed mansard roof with a sloping area (mounted on load-bearing walls);
rigid gable mansard roof with a slope on opposite sides;
sloping roof (installation of a gable roof option);
a hip or half-hip roof with four slopes (the end slopes of the hip roof differ in shape in the form of beveled triangles (the gable area is protected at the half-hip roof);
pyramidal (also called tented) types of roofs, which are not widespread, are distinguished by their polygonal shapes.

The shape of the roof is not the only distinguishing feature of a modern mansard roof. What matters is the height of the building and the nature of the coating (corrugated board, metal, you can make plastic tiles).

Separately, it is worth highlighting the universal distinctive features of the mansard roof:

it is not only the roof, but also the walls of the house;
the maximum height of the building is not more than 2.5 m;
the possibility of installing metal-plastic windows with tempered glass;
multilayer structure;
the cost of a mansard roof is ultimately more than a regular one.

Even when designing a house, you can choose the most suitable shape of the roof, if necessary, lengthen the rafter legs (layering from the walls is about 50-55 cm), calculate the loads and allocate space for windows.

Types and sizes

The highest point of the height of the under-roof space must be at least 2.5 m in order to consider this room as an attic. Otherwise, it's already an attic. According to SNiP, you can set the minimum value from ceiling to floor.

Differences in the types of attic roofing are determined by the following values:

semi-attic - with a vertical wall height of less than 0.8 m;
attic - with a wall height of 0.8 to 1.5 m;
floor - with a wall height of more than 1.5 m.

The width of the structure is another main component for determining the type of attic. The minimum standards for width are at least 80 cm. For a residential attic, this indicator (width) increases to 2 m, especially if the width of the house itself is at least 4.8 m. As for the building area, this parameter can be set using a special formula. Calculations are carried out in accordance with building codes and regulations. The area of an ordinary attic cannot be less than 16 square meters. m. The attic arrangement project covers all structural elements - roof slopes, supporting walls, gables, rafters. The type and size of the attic room is fully taken into account.

In general, the work on the arrangement of the attic is as follows:

the roof is checked;
lathing is carried out (from wooden boards);
fastening of insulating materials is carried out;
the top of the truss structure is strengthened;
stiffeners are checked (if necessary, replaced) - rafters for the roof;
beams are laid along the perimeter of the outer walls, they are connected to the rafter structure;
diagonal bevels (ties) are performed to give strength to the mansard roof;
supporting supports are strengthened.
A waterproofing layer is laid, insulation.

Useful area calculation

When arranging the under-roof space, it is important to correctly calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic space. The size, size, height of the attic, especially the angle of inclination are closely related in the calculations. Any redevelopment is carried out in accordance with the norms of SNiPa. So, according to this provision, the minimum height of the dwelling under the roof is 2.5 m. The slope of the roof affects the calculation of the height of the room. Thanks to the calculations during the design, it is possible to reflect the real parameters of the upper floor of the house to obtain a usable area.

You can do the attic area yourself when calculating, but the initial data will depend on the following parameters:

slope level of 30 degrees (in the narrowest part of the slope, the height is 1.5 m);
slope level of 45 degrees (in the narrowest part of the slope, the height is 1.1 m);
the slope level is 60 degrees and above (at the narrowest part of the slope, the height is 0.5 m).

To calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, the smallest height is taken and and is multiplied by 0.7 (reducing factor). Then, for the minimum level of the walls of the attic with a slope of 30 degrees, an indicator of 1.2 m is obtained; from 45 to 60 degrees - 0.8 m; over 60 degrees - do not limit. It is important to remember that a successful attic project with a modern roof requires accurate and accurate calculations, for this you can use specially designed computer programs (a work scheme will appear before your eyes).

Design and materials

When choosing materials for the construction of the attic, timber is traditionally chosen, and aerated concrete is also actively used. But there are other options for building and finishing materials for construction, the main thing is that it be a frame technology. The choice is made based on the type of structure and its size, taking into account the configuration of the roof and the slope of the walls. Wooden rafters are best suited for the attic frame, moreover, it is important that they are perfect - without cracks and knots, especially without signs of decay.

As for the choice of aerated concrete, it is a fairly cheap and easy-to-install material. In addition, it is strong and durable. Aerated concrete blocks can be further processed with a special tool. However, due to the lime, which is part of the material, aerated concrete cannot be classified as environmentally friendly materials. Instead, you can use corrugated board, foam blocks or sip panels. The advantages of the foam block include a sufficient level of noise and heat insulation.

When arranging the under-roof space, competent design and drawings are of great importance. Modern mansard roofs enjoy well-deserved popularity not only in summer cottage construction. More and more different options for small country houses with a furnished attic appear in our open spaces. It's all about the rationality and efficiency of such a room. Ready-made roofing schemes are of interest, which imply an attic in a classic form, although the alteration of space even in an old house is not always capital. Most of the schemes are not very complex, so the entire attic or balcony can be designed and made by hand. There are separate schemes for finished structures, where beams and ceilings do not even change.

Engage in design should be at the initial stage of construction or repair. The attic floor is included in the project of the house. And the choice of roofing type largely depends on how successful the building as a whole will be. The finished attic space can also be skillfully converted and equipped, turning it into a full-fledged functional room. Thanks to modern technologies and materials, today it is not a problem to design an attic floor in a finished house. The project can be selected by the type of attic.

Forms

The room under the roof is given a special role so that it can be used comfortably.

To this end, a number of requirements are imposed on the attic space under the attic:

the shape of the attic should be as convenient as possible;
you need to pay attention to warming;
room lighting is also important.

Proper planning will help to realize many useful ideas. The geometric shape of the attic has become a classic of the genre. Such a roof can be triangular or broken, with symmetrical or asymmetrical sides relative to the walls of the building. The floor itself can be located both on one of the sides and across the entire width, even somewhat going beyond the boundaries of the outer walls. Some of these projects involve the installation of additional supporting structures, for example, in the form of columns or walls.

In general, roof structures can be designed as follows:

in the form of a separate multi-level floor;
solid floor with two-level development;
two-level floor with the base of the mezzanine floor.

The load-bearing walls of roof structures usually consist of two parts:

vertical wall (wall material for the construction can be used the same as in the construction of the lower floors);
inclined wall (the truss system serves as its frame, and the roof serves as the outer skin).

The ratio in the project of all these elements among themselves depends on the design as a whole. The shape of the mansard roof gives the whole house a special look. Attic premises of a residential type may vary in the shape of the roof.

Basically, it is customary to distinguish the following types:

shed roof (without sidewalls, with a single roof space);
gable roof (a complicated design that allows you to design a comfortable attic floor, taking into account the roof windows);
a broken gable roof with a characteristic silhouette (slopes can be bent inward or bent outward).

A competent project allows you to "free up" the desired usable area. It can be increased by installing a vertical, attic wall. It is worth considering that the useful area of \u200b\u200ba hipped roof is less than that of a gable roof. This is due to the large number of bevels that do not allow free design of the under-roof space. It is optimal to use a typical attic project.

Since the height of the attic floor is important, it affects the usable area. In addition, the height distinguishes the type of room under the roof. For the overall picture, it does not hurt to study the project of a typical attic structure in section.

Let's consider what it is.

If the height of the vertical wall of the roof space is more than 1.5 m, then this is already a full-fledged floor. In the center of the structure, you can move freely without bending over. With an attic wall height of more than 2 m, we can talk about a functional room, which in terms of comfort will resemble a typical room.
If the attic has a single or gable roof with an attic wall height of about 0.8 m (up to a maximum of 1.5 m), then this design is characterized by increased functionality.
The presence of walls less than 0.8 m high (or if there are no vertical walls) may indicate an insufficiently functional room.

There are several ways to turn the attic into a functional room, more convenient and rational. The general tone is set by the interior of the roofing room. Sometimes extraordinary solutions may be required for its arrangement, but it is better to follow well-known and proven rules in work. So, the quality characteristics of the attic largely depend on the purpose of the room. For example, it is convenient to turn a small, narrow attic into an extra bedroom. The high attic allows you to equip an entire guest floor under the roof. It is also important what furniture will be in the room and, accordingly, you can build in a wardrobe or put a rack.

It is important to comply with two general requirements:

for a large room, the height of the walls to the floor from the ceiling is not less than 2.2 m;
the height of the attic walls from the level of the bed is about 1.4 m.

A competent ceiling device will improve the proportions of the room under the roof to the desired ones (in accordance with the standards).

Device

Do-it-yourself construction of an attic roof implies a strong foundation and a reliable floor, the presence of reinforcing supports to ease the load due to the attic floor (the attic needs to be further strengthened). Sometimes it is necessary to further strengthen the foundation of the house or redo a separate foundation. Professional skills are indispensable here.

stingrays

Even at the initial stage of the attic device, it is necessary to resolve all issues related to the design features of the building, taking into account all the partitions. The house may have slopes that affect the design features as a whole. And the under-roof space itself can differ in a variety of forms. The interior decoration of the attic will depend on the features of the intra-roof structure. If the roof of the house is constructed in a special way, then you will have to remove the old rafters and materials, replacing them with new ones, taking into account the features of the project (additional load, angle of inclination and other design features of the building are taken into account).

truss system

The entire truss structure must be calculated and designed for the type of attic floor. The best option for a typical house is the manufacture of an attic floor with a broken gable roof. Such a roof has a large load on the walls, however, the combined area of \u200b\u200bthe attic space is most often equipped in this way. At the same time, it is important to comply with the requirement for the presence of additional bearing supports (installation of inclined rafters designed for vertical and horizontal loads). When installing the rafter system, the Mauerlat is installed, after which the rafter legs are assembled and installed. The installation of the rafters is carried out, starting from two opposite legs, they are pulled on top of each other (the installation accuracy must be adjusted). This is how the frame of the truss system is installed, after which the crate is performed, which depends on the roofing material.

Roof

When constructing the upper floor, it is important to take into account the complexity of the attic roof. It differs from a typical roof in that it bears the functional load of a residential and under-roof space. The ceiling of the house is a mansard roof with the necessary sound and heat insulation layers, with the finishing of the room. It should be as warm, comfortable, spacious and light as possible. An additional crate of the roof structure will improve the quality of the thermal insulation of the attic floor, although mineral wool can serve as the main insulation for these purposes.

High-quality finishing of the roof-ceiling depends on the purpose of using the attic. So, for example, lining, fiberboard, plywood sheets are traditionally used for summer cottages. Finishing of residential premises is carried out with more substantial and expensive materials. Roofing material for exterior decoration creates comfort for the interior of the attic. In this case, slate, bitumen-based materials and modern tiles are traditionally used. It is better not to use metal sheets, they do not retain heat and create additional noise during rain, wind. It is also better to refuse roofing material, since in summer it heats up a lot, releasing a specific smell.

Window

The correct frame of the roof structure includes the arrangement of windows. They are installed between the rafters. For the reliability of the window attachment points (bottom and top of the structure), horizontal lintels from a bar are placed.

Installation of roof windows is carried out in stages:

build an opening for a window;
mount a frame with a dismantled double-glazed window;
lay insulation and a layer of waterproofing;
carry out fastening of the gutter of the window structure;
install details;
return the dismantled double-glazed window to its place;
perform interior decoration.

There is not always a constructive opportunity to build or expand the usable area of the house by adding a full-fledged upper floor or side structure. To increase the space in small houses, it is best to use the attic. It does not take up much space, but it allows you to “unload” the house a little, saving on construction.

In order to build an attic or make it from an attic, you need to stock up on materials:

rafters are made of wooden beams (with a section of 50x180 cm);
the crate is made of a wooden board;
end wall cladding is made of wall panels;
fastening of roofing elements is carried out on self-tapping screws, nails, metal profiles and metal corners;
during construction, heat-insulating, vapor-proofing and waterproofing materials are necessarily used;
roofing material is used at the finishing stage;
at the end, the interior decoration of the room is done from modern facing materials, the main heating is installed.

Before starting work, it is important to make sure that the floors that are located between the first floor and the attic are sufficiently strengthened. Loads need to be calculated. After making sure that the fasteners are reliable, you can proceed to the arrangement of the truss system. In the process of work, the quality of the connections of each element of the system is controlled. For a sloping roof project, support beams with end walls are first mounted. After that, work begins on the collection of the frame structure of the truss system.

Separate elements of the truss system are fastened with a groove-ledge connection and with metal plates for greater reliability. The use of all wooden elements is possible after special treatment for additional protection. It is also necessary to treat with flame retardants to reduce the flammability of wooden structures. After assembling the truss system, they proceed to the processing of the bevels of the walls and internal partitions.

An obligatory stage during the construction of the attic is the ventilation of the attic floor. It was enough for the attic to ensure the ventilation of the room. The attic building must meet the requirements of the dwelling. Ventilation problems can lead to heat loss, moisture condensation, and rot. All these external factors can lead to subsequent destruction. Simple ventilation is ineffective here, forced ventilation of the system and insulation is necessary.

Next, the arrangement of several layers of the mansard roof is carried out: the very top is a roofing material, under it is a waterproofing material, a crate, a heat-insulating and vapor barrier material, and a ceiling finish. It is important to emphasize that the sequence of multi-layer stacking cannot be changed. Installation of insulation is carried out on the truss system. There is a gap between the insulation and the roof for natural ventilation. In some cases, insulation (mineral wool and other fire-resistant insulator) is laid on the crate.

The heat-insulating layer is about 25-30 cm thick. For reliable fixation of this layer, an additional frame perpendicular to the rafters can be used. A vapor barrier in the form of a breathable membrane and a waterproofing material are attached at some distance from the insulation. It is worth considering that not only the roof should be insulated, but also the walls of the attic room to ensure greater comfort. It turns out a "pie", which ensures the reliability and strength of the structure. Finishing the roof-ceiling is done in the usual way - with plywood sheets, ceiling tiles, drywall, clapboard.

Decorative decoration of the attic depends on the overall design of the room. Usually the walls and ceiling are covered with wallpaper in the style of the whole house. Walls can also be painted or plastered.

Warming and soundproofing

The main sound insulation in the attic room falls on the floors. Noise reduction is necessary to ensure comfort in the upper part of the floor, and so that excess noise does not spread to neighboring rooms.

For this purpose, old proven methods and new technologies are used:

polyethylene foam with foil is laid on the logs (on one side);
sand 5 cm thick is poured between the beams.

Properly executed soundproofing dampens impact noise from above, whether it be steps, falling objects. For sound absorption, mineral wool, polystyrene or felt, as well as basalt slabs, are often used. It also provides vapor barrier and thermal insulation.

Due to the constant contact of the attic roof with atmospheric loads, summer overheating or winter cooling of the roof, it is necessary to carry out work on additional insulation of the attic. To do this, even at the stage of construction under the slate or other flooring, a special protective layer of insulation and films against moisture are laid. The main scope of work on waterproofing the attic is carried out from the inside after the completion of the main stage of construction.

It is important to leave a small space between the roofing layer and the insulation for natural ventilation. Today, additional external insulation of the attic is being carried out with modern means so as not to reduce the usable area inside the attic building. The light weight of the insulation does not allow the structure to sag or deform. On sale there are special heaters - materials for spraying. They create a uniform, durable surface that prevents the appearance of moisture.

Finishing

Original and practical solutions for cladding a wooden or brick attic room give free rein to imagination. The design of the attic is largely determined by the overall design decision, but sometimes the most daring ideas are used. Facing the attic floor is primarily associated with the features of the finished structure. In this regard, the interior decoration of the attic has a number of features.

It is necessary to pay attention to several points.

The presence of skylights affects the internal appearance of the attic. They are located on the slopes of the roof. An ordinary window is placed on a flat wall, the room gets more light.
You can come up with an unusual design for the attic walls, for example, in colorful shades that contrast with the color of the ceiling or floor.
The bevels of the mansard roof can be designed in a designer way, emphasizing all the unusual design of the attic room.
The special atmosphere of the attic room is given by non-standard furniture (for example, irregular shape). A low, non-equiangular cabinet will fit perfectly in the narrow and low part of the attic.
A large attic area can be divided into functional zones.

If you have made such a decision how to build an attic - it will be the right one. Before building an attic in an existing house, you first need to decide on its shape, and whether the roof will be completely converted into an attic floor or not.
After all, the construction of the attic is considered not only more economical, but also a process that will require much less labor in comparison with the construction of the next floor. It is these facts that make the construction of the attic very popular. Projects of country houses with an attic, as a rule, have a special or, as the builders call it, a "broken" roof, as it makes it possible to make the most of the usable area.

Particular attention in solving such an issue as building an attic must be paid to the quality of the roof. Since it should not only have an aesthetic appearance, but also have excellent thermal insulation, and also have good waterproofing. The best thermal insulation material for roofing is either slate or ceramic tiles, but in no case do not use metal tiles, as they tend to get very hot in the sun. In this case, how to build an attic with your own hands? At the initial stage of building construction, it is possible to make calculations of the supporting structure with maximum accuracy.

It should be borne in mind that the installation of rafters must be done at an angle (from 30 to 60 °), since an increase in the degree of inclination leads to a decrease in the usable area of the attic.
To solve the problem, you can insulate the attic from the inside using mineral wool.

A residential attic requires a large layer of insulation. The material must comply with fire safety requirements and be non-toxic. Mineral wool is one of the most suitable options.

Varieties of material

The main types of mineral wool are basalt wool and glass wool. Each has its own properties, pros and cons.
Basalt wool

Basalt wool is produced from gabbro-basalt rock. Carbonate rocks are specially added to it, which allows you to adjust the acidity module. Material of greater acidity is more resistant to moisture, more durable. The addition of binders to basalt wool: bituminous, synthetic, composite, bentonite clays - holds the fibers together, helps to give the desired shape.

glass wool

Glass wool is a mineral material, for the manufacture of which raw materials used in the production of glass are used, as well as waste, broken glass.

The properties of glass wool are different from those of basalt, its thickness is 3–15 microns, and its length is several times greater than that of basalt. Therefore, glass wool slabs are more elastic, have greater strength, and are resistant to vibrations. Glass wool is fire resistant, withstands up to 450 °C.

Despite all the advantages of glass wool, there is one significant drawback that reduces the popularity of its use. When laying this material, a lot of small particles that are harmful to health are formed. Therefore, the installation is carried out in special clothes, shoes, a protective mask. It will not work to clean them after work, you will need to throw them away.

Nuances of isolation

When insulating the roof, it is better to use cellulose wool, it provides better moisture conductivity, does not allow moist air to accumulate under the roof.

The main difficulties of insulation are manifested when working on the slopes of the roof, which has a truss structure.

Here it is necessary to use dense cotton wool, which can be securely placed between the rafters. It should be light and elastic.

The main advantages of mineral wool are its incombustibility, soundproofing, good thermal insulation performance, vapor permeability, high environmental friendliness, and relatively affordable price. It is produced in plates, mats, cylinders, there are options with foil coating.

If the size of the insulation is greater than the distance between the rafters, it is cut into the necessary pieces, adding a few centimeters for a tight fit.

This method is well suited for warming attics, residential premises located directly under the roof. The disadvantage can be considered a decrease in internal dimensions due to a layer of wool, drywall and additional finishes.

Thermal insulation methods

Depending on which structural element of the building is insulated, there are 2 ways to insulate the roof from the inside.

Thermal insulation of the floor

The first option is floor insulation. The method is inexpensive and very easy to implement. It consists in laying wool on concrete base slabs or, in the case of a wooden floor, between structural elements. Any kind of mineral wool will do, even soft and granular. Laying is simple, it is not required to bypass the rafters, as when insulating roof slopes, you can easily fill all the gaps and cracks.

Thermal protection of slopes

The second option is the insulation of the roof slopes. If the room in the attic is not in use, then this option is not economically viable. The consumption of materials increases significantly, it takes more time due to bypassing the rafters and additional fastening of the mineral wool.

Insulation of slopes can be done in two ways: over open rafters or between them. In the first option, wooden beams remain visible indoors and have an additional decorative function.

Sequence of work

Regardless of which method of mineral wool insulation is used, the general algorithm of actions is as follows: surface preparation, waterproofing, insulation installation, vapor barrier laying, sheathing.

Preparatory activities

Before starting work on thermal insulation, the surface to be insulated must be prepared. The structure is inspected, if necessary, the identified defects are eliminated, cleaned of dirt and debris. The preparatory work can also include the calculation of the amount of material.

The thickness of the insulation layer should be at least 15–20 cm, so when choosing wool of a smaller thickness, it will need to be laid in two layers.

Waterproofing

To protect the roof from moisture, waterproofing is installed on the surface to be insulated. It is overlapped, fixed with a stapler and gluing the joints with adhesive tape.

It is important to install the waterproofing membrane so that there is a ventilation gap between it and the insulation, and the material completely covers the entire rafter system and goes a little on the walls.

A batten sheathing is then nailed over the insulation to the rafters to secure the material and provide a ventilation gap. All wooden structural elements are best treated with a special antiseptic.

Insulation laying

After installing the waterproofing, you can proceed with the installation of insulation. To do this, mineral wool is cut into pieces about 5 cm wider than the distance between the rafters. Then, after laying, the material will straighten out and better fill the space. Installation of mineral wool should be carried out in such a way that the material fits as tightly as possible to the beams and there are no gaps left.

Arrangement of vapor barrier

After laying the insulation, it is necessary to protect it from water vapor coming from inside the room. If this is not done, the mineral wool will gradually get wet and lose its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, a vapor barrier is installed on top of the insulation. As a vapor barrier, special foil materials, polyethylene films or roofing material are used.

For tightness, the vapor barrier is laid with overlapping layers, the seams are glued. It is important to install foil vapor barriers with the metallized side inside the attic. The structure is fixed with wooden slats, on which the sheathing (lining or drywall) is subsequently attached.

Roof insulation with mineral wool is one of the most affordable ways to equip a warm and cozy attic. The main thing is to strictly follow the technology. And then everything will work out.

Try to pay special attention to the insulation of the attic roof. If the roof is not insulated, do not expect heat in the attic. A roof is a roof covering. A mansard roof is a “roofing cake” consisting of several layers: a vapor barrier layer from the inside, a waterproofing layer from the outside, a heater between them and an air gap.

Various materials are used as insulation. The characteristics of the materials used depend on some factors: the functional purpose of the room, the level of humidity, critical temperatures, loads, and so on. Non-combustible, basalt materials are the best option.

Various materials are used as insulation for the attic from the inside. The most popular and simple - mineral wool

Styrofoam is not recommended. He is hot. Possesses poor vapor conductivity. Mineral wool is perfect. It is pressed into a plate. On the inside, there is a vapor barrier layer. From the outside - waterproofing (special layer).

Now it has become quite popular to use polyurethane foam spraying to insulate the attic from the inside. This method is also quite economical and very effective.

If the attic is made from an old attic, then, as a rule, the rafters are retained. The load is minimized by using low-density insulation for this, as they are much lighter. The disadvantage is that they are blown by the wind. Additionally, windproof, vapor-permeable material is laid.

Approach the installation of insulation with due attention. Do not forget about the presence of sufficient ventilation space between the roofing and the insulation layer.

The attic is warm in winter and cool in summer only when all the work on the insulation of the walls and roof is done correctly. Do not ignore these rules and your budget will get a tangible effect.

The attic is a fashionable architectural element. F. Mansara (French architect) three centuries ago was the first to use the attic space not only for household purposes, but also for housing.

Now in civil and industrial construction, it is quite widely in demand. In individual construction, the attic is experiencing a real boom. It is equipped both during the construction of a new house, and during the repair of attics (roofs).

The house takes on an expressive look, and the attic space is used functionally and efficiently. The area occupied by the attic is decent. An additional room for a good relaxation room (billiard room) or a wonderful summer bedroom. By making it warm and dry, it will be habitable.

A well-insulated and well-made attic can be an excellent rest and work room.

How to properly insulate the attic from the inside? A pre-designed project is required. It will allow you to prepare well, to foresee all the nuances. A competent approach to attic insulation and the mandatory use of high-quality materials will help to avoid mistakes that can play a very bad role over time.

In a private house, as a rule, there are large heat losses. Basically, this happens through the ceiling and upper floors. The processes of wetting (drying) of the insulation under the roof degrade its quality. Violation of the microclimate is often the cause of the cold inside the house. This occurs mainly due to poor-quality construction work associated with the attic.

It is recommended to insulate the attic not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Warming is a technically rather complicated process. The impressive area of the attic floor, its maximum contact with the external environment, the complexity of the design - requires certain knowledge and skills from the one who will deal with its insulation.

Attic structures are distinguished by the fact that they can be constructed from a wide variety of materials, for example, wood, metal, reinforced concrete. There are no restrictions here, it is only necessary to ensure stability and proper insulation. The ceilings in the rooms can also be very different: inclined, flat with one inclined wall, formed by two slopes converging at an acute angle. All this and much more has made the attic so popular for more than four hundred years.

The main advantages of such a roof are as follows:

1. The possibility of an attic add-on, that is, the use of the infrastructure of an already standing building. At the same time, there is no need to completely disassemble the entire roof, which allows significant savings during the work. This is an additional floor that can be used for its intended purpose.

2. The living area of the house is increased due to the reconstruction of the unused attic space. This allows you to add a full-fledged second floor at a relatively low cost.

3. In places with fairly dense buildings, the attic second floor is the best way out.

4. The external appearance of the building is improved, the structure acquires a complete, integral look.

5. Attics can be attached not only to one level. If necessary and in compliance with all the rules and requirements, it is possible to build a two-story attic, which will decorate any building, adding additional living space to it.

6. During the construction of the attic, heat losses through the roof of the house are much reduced. In addition, this results in lower heating costs during the winter months.

7. The construction of attics is possible even in a residential building without the need to resettle residents. For this, it is not necessary to use heavy construction equipment, all work is carried out directly on the roof of the building in the shortest possible time. A new floor can be built almost without problems and costs.

But when building an attic, there are also disadvantages, like any design. It is worth noting such shortcomings as:

1. When arranging such a room, some of the usable area is lost.

2. Sloped and sloping ceilings greatly reduce the height of the walls, the ceilings in the attic are usually low, do not exceed 2.4 meters.

3. Windows in many cases can only be located in the ceiling, which is not always convenient.

4. Roof structures due to lack of ventilation begin to degrade quickly. Usually their service life is about three times less than with a cold attic.

5. Large amounts of snow often accumulate on skylights in winter, which reduces the level of already insufficient lighting.
Varieties of designs

When deciding how to make an attic, you must first decide what type of truss system will be used. A characteristic feature of the attic design is its broken, rather steep configurations, but we must not forget that this is not an aesthetic function, but a purely practical one. Such broken forms provide:

correct transfer of all loads to load-bearing walls;

allow you to effectively protect the entire structure from precipitation;

· give stability to such negative phenomena as temperature extremes, showers, snowfall, the formation of a large amount of ice.

The simplest form of a residential attic is a triangle, the most complex is with a break. All horizontal logs and vertical racks are recommended to be made of wooden thin beams.

Among the used truss systems for the attic floor, the most commonly used are:

1. Hanging type rafters. They rest on the walls, creating a horizontal load. If you decide to make an attic second floor using this type of truss system, then you need to take into account the design features. To connect the beams, intermediate supports are not used here, only special puffs made of metal or wood.

2. An inclined type of truss system is recommended for small cottages in which the load-bearing wall is located in the center or intermediate supports are available. The rafters rest on the outer walls, the middle part of the structure - on the inner wall. Such a simple system can only be used for those houses in which the distance between free-standing load-bearing walls is not more than six and a half meters.

3. Hanging and inclined rafters can be in the form of right triangles, which have an emphasis behind the bearing wall. In this case, the Mauerlat does not need to be erected; ordinary beams are taken for the rafters. Struts are required, all racks cut into the floor beams, the rafters are attached with anchors.
Construction stages

So how to properly assemble the attic structure? The sequence of all work should be strictly observed, which will allow you to build a solid, reliable attic. Be sure to correctly determine all loads, which only experienced designers can do.

The construction of the attic provides for such work as:

1. Dismantling of the old roof. In this case, it is not necessary to completely disassemble the overlap. Unless it is foreseen by the project.

2. If necessary, the floor structures are strengthened. This is done so that the second floor (mansard) does not give unnecessary loads. If necessary, an additional layer of waterproofing is laid at this stage.

3. The construction of the truss system, the insulation of the attic itself.

4. Installation of windows.

5. Interior and exterior decoration of the building.

For the construction of the attic, it is recommended to use wooden beams that have a cross section of fifty by one hundred and fifty centimeters. At the same time, the following sequence of work is observed: first, the frame of the future structure is made, after which the support beams and rafters are strengthened. After the installation of stepped bevels, waterproofing work is carried out, insulation is laid. Now you can strengthen the crate and lay the roofing material. Finishing work is carried out last, after all windows are installed.

The attic second floor must be insulated to ensure the safety of the structure and the comfort of living conditions. In order for such a process to become effective, it is necessary to observe the construction of a multilayer "pie", which includes:

· internal finishing material on the ceiling of the attic room: moisture-resistant plywood, drywall, etc.;
vapor barrier membrane

insulation (usually mineral wool in rolls or slabs);

installation of waterproofing

installation of roofing (tiles, corrugated board, etc.).

The insulation layer should be two hundred and fifty - three hundred millimeters, often a special frame is made for its installation, which is attached perpendicular to the rafter system. When laying, it is impossible to allow gaps and cavities to remain between the insulation plates, as this will lead to significant heat losses, low thermal insulation efficiency.

The attic is not only beautiful, but also a very functional architectural element that is able to fulfill the numerous tasks assigned to it. This is a great place to live. Here you can equip a nursery, a playroom or a large gym.

The attic construction technology consists in the high-quality and consistent performance of such works:

1. Development of a project for the construction of an attic floor or its refurbishment.

2. Dismantling of old roof structures.

3. Strengthening the wall structures of the upper floor.

4. Device for waterproofing and thermal insulation of ceilings.

5. Construction of the end walls of the attic room.

6. Mansard roof erection, its insulation and finishing.

7. Installation of attic windows.

8. Arrangement of a new living space.

To work, you will need to purchase materials and tools. It is usually necessary to have wall panels (or other material) for sheathing the end walls of the attic space, thermal insulation materials for walls and pitched roofs, roofing materials, beams for roof construction, finishing materials, etc.

After preparing everything that is required for construction, project development, you can begin the main work. First you need to make a frame for the roof. Rafters can be made from beams measuring 50x150 cm. The structure must be well fixed, slings, support blocks must be installed, attic walls erected and rafters installed. The truss structure must be mounted securely and accurately. After that, stepped bevels of the walls, partitions of the attic room are installed, and work is carried out on the insulation and waterproofing of the attic. Next, you should build a crate for the attic roof, lay a heat insulator on it, strengthen it and then finish the roof with roofing material. After that, the installation of doors and windows, interior decoration and arrangement of the premises.

Attic roof

In order to understand how to make the roof in the attic correctly, knowledge about the features of such a room will not be superfluous. Leaks in the roof and other roof defects will affect the entire building to a much greater extent than the same defects in an ordinary attic roof. In this case, water will flow into the living room, which is likely to lead to the repair of the premises.

The main feature of the mansard roof is that it is exposed to moisture both from the outside and from above (snow, rain, etc.) and from below (the formation of condensate from the air moisture of the living quarters of the lower floors). To eliminate this problem, the attic construction technology provides for the installation of a special vapor barrier layer that prevents the penetration of moist and warm air from living rooms to the tiles.

It is also necessary to make waterproofing under the roofing material and ensure sufficient ventilation of the roof of the attic space. As a roofing, you can use soft bituminous tiles or metal tiles.

Warming and arrangement of the attic

In view of the fact that the attic is usually used as a living space, great importance is attached to its thermal insulation. High-quality insulation of the attic roof ensures the creation of a comfortable microclimate in such a room and other rooms of the house, effective heat preservation and a long service life of the entire building. There are several ways to insulate the attic. Warming outside means the general warming of the whole house.

The optimal and most effective way is additional internal insulation, which involves the use of a multi-layer heat-insulating structure consisting of the following layers:

The first layer (internal) - finishing material, such as drywall sheets, plywood and other materials that form the ceiling of the attic room

The second layer is a vapor barrier film

The third layer is a porous heat-insulating material (mineral wool, etc.)

The fourth layer is a waterproofing material laid with the formation of a small gap and the possibility of a simple withdrawal of water to the outside

· The fifth layer is roofing (metal tiles, soft roofing, etc.).

Advice from the master!

In addition to the thermal insulation of the attic roof, it is also necessary to insulate its walls and floor. The arrangement of the premises in the attic includes the implementation of such works as the installation of skylights, internal partitions, doors, as well as decorative trim.

Installing pitched skylights is the best solution for an attic. Glazing can occupy a significant area of the attic surface, at least - 12.5%. The glasses in such windows are special: they do not break when pressed hard or hit, but crumble into granules that do not have sharp and cutting surfaces.

The specificity of attic rooms allows you to equip them in a special way, arrange them in an unusual and original way. Many designers recommend using translucent plastic partitions or partitions decorated with translucent fabrics for zoning these rooms. When choosing a shade for wall decoration, it is recommended to give preference to light colors that will make the interior light and pleasant. It is not recommended to decorate roof windows with curtains, but it is better to choose light-colored blinds.

Having learned how to build an attic yourself, equip it, create a comfortable, cozy and unusual room, you can try to build the top floor at home. This is a great way to make your home unique and individual, increase its usable area and equip additional living space.

It should also be noted that the attic should be at least 3 meters wide, and the height in the center of the room should be at least 2.2 m. But in this case, how to build an attic that was not originally planned? There are always additional questions such as, for example, the device of the stairs. You can place a ladder in the area of the attic hatch, which will simplify construction, and a spiral staircase will also make it possible to save space. In order to prevent the wood from rotting and being damaged by pests, all wooden elements of the roof must be treated with an antiseptic.

To increase fire resistance, it is necessary to impregnate with flame retardants (special wood flame retardants). Also, when deciding how to build an attic, it must be taken into account that the attic and attic differ primarily in climatic conditions. The attic is a less ventilated room, which causes condensation to form on the insulation. Therefore, it is necessary to leave a space between the insulation and the roof (at least 50 mm), and another layer of vapor barrier should be laid on the insulation from the inside. When carrying out thermal insulation work, one should also not forget about the insulation of walls, which are thinner in attic structures. The layer of their thermal insulation must have a thickness of at least (250-300 mm). Self-construction of the attic floor is possible, but for this it is necessary to carefully plan the implementation of all work and thoroughly observe the existing technology.
Of course, it would be much easier not to disassemble it, but to reinforce the ceiling over the premises of the house. As load-bearing structures, you can use bars, or a channel.

After the ceiling is reinforced, you need to determine the size of the attic rooms, their height at the walls should not be lower than 1.5 m, and in the middle part it should be a standard height of 2.5 m, or even more. After that, a guide profile (PN) is attached to the floor, for drywall, and above it, the same profile to the rafters. Marking, which is done with a plumb line, tape measure, or a strong cord. Then, the rack profile (PS) is installed in the guide profiles, the pitch of which should be 600 mm. On inclined ceiling surfaces, the metal profile can be mounted horizontally. After that, when the layout of the rooms is clearly visible, several skylights can be installed on the roof so that the rooms are well lit with natural light. In addition, it will be necessary to make an opening in the ceiling for the installation of stairs to the attic. The least space on the ground floor will be occupied by a single-flight staircase, with goose step steps.

After that, from the outside, the frame of the attic partitions can be sheathed with waterproof drywall, and then electrical wiring can be laid inside the frame to connect switches and sockets. Further, mineral wool slabs, 100 mm thick, or, in extreme cases, 50 mm, are placed in the frame. From the inside, they are closed with a vapor barrier, and an inner lining of waterproof drywall is attached, holes are made in it for the installation of sockets and switches, and wires are brought out into them for connection. Then the ceiling and inclined surfaces are hemmed, which are also insulated with a mineral wool board.

Warning: Use of undefined constant WPLANG - assumed "WPLANG" (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /var/www/krysha-expert.php on line 2580

Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in /var/www/krysha-expert.php on line 1802

The attic design of the attic space allows not only to increase the living space of the house, but also to make the structure unusual and beautiful. Moreover, a building with this type of roof can be made in almost any style. A mansard-type roof, the variants of which can be very different, is found both in urban areas and in rural areas. Consider how to create such a design yourself, and find out what its features are.

Mansard roof - options

Such a roof has a special design of slopes, usually consisting of an upper sloping part and a steeper lower one. Thanks to this shape, a fairly spacious room appears inside, which can be used as an attic or even turn into a very cozy living room.

The history of mansards began in the 17th century, such a design of roofs was invented by the architect Francois Mansart - such a roof was named after his last name. But this Frenchman was far from being the first to implement the idea of economical use of the attic floor of the house. The mansard roof was first built by Pierre Lescaut, also a Frenchman who worked on the construction of such famous buildings as the Louvre and Notre Dame de Paris.

On a note! In the 19th century, poor people usually lived on the attic floors, but now this floor can appear in housing and is quite wealthy.

Now attics are quite often built during the construction of country houses or small two-story cottages, but the idea may well be implemented when creating other types of buildings. The attic has several advantages:

building a house with an attic is cheaper than with two full floors and a roof;
foundation costs during the construction of such a structure are also reduced;
the attic can significantly increase the living space of any building;
it gives the house an unusual and beautiful look;
it is not difficult to build a structure, the work can be completed quite quickly;
the attic is always associated with comfort;
a house with an attic is warmer by reducing heat loss through the roof.

But lofts also have several disadvantages. This type of attic space has sloping ceilings, which results in a small wall height, which makes it difficult to choose furniture. Also, the roof must be well mounted so as not to leak and release heat from the house - you will have to spend money on good hydro- and heat-insulating materials. Yes, and building attics is still more difficult than, for example, the usual gable roof.

Design features

The attic is a universal element. It was used both for ordinary houses and for the construction of country houses, often this type of attic space was chosen even for the construction of palaces. Of course, it could decorate workshops, commercial buildings, etc. And despite the fact that different materials were used for its construction, different styles were chosen, the attic still remained an attic - it has certain design features.

So, this building can have a different geometric shape - triangular, broken, have symmetrical or, conversely, geometrically complex and non-standard slopes. It can be located both along the entire width of the building, and only on one side of it relative to the longitudinal axis.

Bar prices

On a note! If the roof is broken, then the lower part will have very steep slopes with an angle of inclination of about 60-70 degrees, and on the top slopes, on the contrary, will be gentle (about 15-30 degrees).

But whatever the attic, it will be located within the walls of the main building. Relative to the outer walls, the attic may be somewhat wider, but then it relies on the extensions of the ceilings. If the offset is large, then you will have to install additional supports (for example, columns, walls, etc.).

The height of the attic roof cannot be less than 2.5 m, otherwise it will not work to make a spacious room under it. Windows, which also need to be provided here, will be manufactured using special technologies using tempered durable glass and a reliable frame. They will cost several times more than usual. And load-bearing structures can be made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood. But in the case of the latter, it is important to carefully consider fire safety measures.

The mansard roof is a multilayer structure, which complicates installation. It can be insulated completely or only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe presence of a living room - where there is heating. But in any case, the design of the attic implies the presence of rafters, a ridge, directly roofing material, heat and waterproofing, and a vapor barrier layer. An interfloor overlap will act as a base under the roof.

Mansard roof rafters must have good bearing capacity. The cross section of the materials used will depend on the angle of the roof slope and cannot be less than 5x15 cm at a step of 100 cm. If the slope angle is 45 degrees, then a step of 140 cm is maintained.

Attention! In areas where it often snows and the amount of precipitation is high, it is recommended to install rafters with a step of no more than 80 cm.

If the attic is to be used as a living space, it is important to consider that in this case there is a risk of a large amount of condensate forming under the roof. Because of this, pockets of mold may appear inside the structure, a fungus may develop, etc. The presence of a large amount of moisture will also negatively affect the insulating properties of the material. That is why it is important to follow all the rules for installing a mansard roof, and the heat-insulating material must be reliably protected from moisture ingress, not only from the outside, but also from the inside, that is, a layer of vapor barrier material is also located on this side.

Important! Do not forget about the creation of roofing products that will allow air to circulate calmly inside the roof structure and help remove condensate.

Types of mansard roofs

There are 4 main types of mansard roofs, which differ from each other in design features. They can be divided into single-level and two-level. The former are the simplest in execution, usually combined with a broken or gable roof with a slope angle of 35-45 degrees. The second ones involve the arrangement of two rooms at different levels. Here a system of mixed supports is used.

On a note! When building an attic under a gable roof, the height of the walls can be no more than 1.5 m, followed by sloping ceilings. With a broken roof, the height of the ceiling along the perimeter near the walls is up to 2.5 m.

When building a house, you can stop at one of the types of attics - a single-level attic when arranging a gable roof, single-level with a broken roof, with remote consoles, or a two-level with a special mixed type of support.

Table. The main types of attics.

Type of	Description
	In this case, the attic has one level and is equipped under a conventional gable roof. The simplest option, in the design of which you can not use complex calculations. Precipitation with a gable simple roof comes off on its own, there is no need to equip any additional elements.
	In this case, the attic also has one level, but the truss system is performed differently. Formed, as it were, four slopes of the roof. A much more spacious room can fit under it, but creating such a roof is more difficult.
	Of the single-level attics, this is the most difficult option. Here the room under the roof is even more spacious. Usually in this case, the attic room is shifted to one of the edges of the house. This design allows you to make large vertical windows on one side. The main disadvantages are the complex shape, the complexity of construction. But on the other hand, under the edge of such an attic, you can make a functional canopy, where a terrace, garage or other extension can be located.
	The most difficult option is the attic, since at least two rooms under the roof are located here, located at different levels. Such a design, when designing a house, immediately enters into its structure.

The mansard roof can also have a balcony. It is created on the principle of building a window. The main thing is that the bearing capacity of the walls allows you to equip it. By the way, columns can also support the balcony, but in this case it is built above the entrance.

Types of rafters for attics

Roof trusses can be of two types - and layered. You will have to choose between them depending on the method of attachment to the walls of the house. Hanging ones are simpler and are usually used for houses that do not have an average load-bearing wall. The rafters rest only on the main walls of the house, without intermediate supports. The width of the span between the walls cannot be large - usually it does not exceed 6 m. If the span is larger (over 9 m), then the arrangement of struts and attendants will be required.

Rafter rafters are usually used when creating houses with two spans, that is, those that have a load-bearing wall in the middle. In this case, the rafters have three points of support - directly this wall, as well as the main ones along the perimeter of the house.

Material for the manufacture of the truss system

Rafters can be made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wooden rafters are environmentally friendly, they are easy to work with, easily adjusted to the desired size. But wooden structures are afraid of excess moisture and are prone to the formation of mold and fungus on them.

On a note! Before construction, wooden materials are recommended to be treated with protective compounds that will extend their service life.

Metal and reinforced concrete structures can not be covered with such compounds - fungus and mold do not appear on them. Due to this, they are considered more reliable and durable. But the main disadvantage is that, if necessary, it will be difficult to adjust them to the desired dimensions on the spot, and the slightest error in the calculations can lead to the roof being skewed. Also, a master working with reinforced concrete or metal rafters may face other difficulties - this is a large mass of products, which forces the use of special equipment even to lift elements.

Difficulties and features of the arrangement of the attic roof

When designing and building a mansard roof, a number of design features should be taken into account, on the basis of which a number of work rules are formed. For example, the Mauerlat must be fixed very securely with anchor bolts. It is he who will experience the maximum load, which means that he will hold the entire roof on himself. Anchors are additionally recommended to be walled up with a cement mixture if the main walls of the house are made of stone, brick and other similar materials.

It is also important to remember about the correct design and layers of the roof. For example, mansard roofs cannot be covered with metal roofing materials. They get very hot and it will be too hot on the top floor in summer, there can simply be no question of any comfort of living. It is not recommended to use roofing material as a waterproofing material - when heated, it begins to smell specifically. It is best to cover the mansard roof with slate or soft tiles. For thermal insulation, it is usually recommended to purchase mineral wool, which is laid with a waterproofing film on both sides.

1. What roofs can be used for attic buildings

2. Why lofts are becoming popular

3. What are mansard roofs

4. What you need to know when building an attic

5. Requirements for mansard roofs

6. Possibilities of using the attic floor

The final stage of any construction is the installation of a roof, and in the case of building the roof of a private house, it is important to determine not only the materials necessary for work, but also the design and shape of the roof.

The most rational today are mansard roof projects, due to which you can save a lot and equip an additional room.

In this case, it becomes possible not only to bring the attic into a more attractive appearance, but also to use it to increase living space. By what criteria can you understand that you have an attic floor in front of you?

First, it is located on the top floor. Secondly, to create its facade, both partially and completely, a broken or sloping roof is involved.

If we take into account construction requirements, then the level of intersection of the roof with the facade should not exceed 1.5 meters from the attic floor.

If the mansard roof project does not provide for such, then the room cannot be called an attic - it will remain well-equipped, but still an attic.

Architects note that mansard roofs give any home a special presentability, and also help to increase its practical functions.

If, when planning the attic floor, it is difficult to place the interior premises in a conditional triangle, then a more suitable angle of the attic roof is chosen, for example, with broken slopes, as shown in the photo.

The main advantage of attic buildings is the ability to use an existing foundation, that is, even during capital construction, the area of \u200b\u200bthe land will remain unchanged.

In a word, this roof is an economical option for arranging additional living space used in modern construction.

What roofs can be used for attic buildings

Depending on the type of roof chosen, an attic of one form or another will turn out, as a rule, these are triangular, broken, asymmetrical, located throughout the house or in a specific part of it.

Varieties of mansard roofs:

The simplest option is the arrangement of a pitched roof.
Such a roof looks like an inclined plane, fixed to load-bearing walls of different heights. Such options for mansard roofs are very rare due to a significant reduction in internal space.
Gable or gable roofs, consisting of two slopes fixed in opposite directions, are very popular among developers. Such a roof is characterized by ease and speed of installation, as well as high structural strength.
In the attics of small houses or cottages (see: “Attic in the country, advantages and disadvantages”) broken roofs look good, which are a subspecies of a gable roof (read: “What are the types of roofs with an attic”).
The hip and semi-hip roof is considered more complex in design (they belong to four-pitched roofs).
It is noted that such projects of houses with a mansard roof are aimed at maximizing the usable area.
On rounded and polygonal buildings, a domed, pyramidal or conical roof will look great.
In this case, a mansard-type roof is being built in several stages and assumes maximum accuracy in the calculations.

Why attics are becoming popular

The increase in demand for the construction of attic premises is due to a number of reasons, including:

equipment of additional living space without using an additional plot;
external attractiveness of the building;
the possibility of increasing the density of construction;
expansion of an already operated house, while residents do not need to move out anywhere;
short construction period;
For the installation of the premises, a minimum budget is sufficient.

What are mansard roofs

Among the large number of proposals, attention should be paid to the main mansard roof options used in construction:

a gable or sloping roof goes well with a single-level attic;
for a single-level design, remote consoles can be installed;
the construction of a two-level attic can be carried out using mixed-type supports (read also: “Ready-made projects of baths with an attic”).

When choosing the types of mansard roofs, it is important to take into account the level of expected load on the structure as a whole.

Even if the owner of the cottage or house will be engaged in the construction of the attic on his own, the creation of the project and the calculations of the maximum allowable loads are assigned to specialists. As for the style of roofing, a lot of options are offered here, different in appearance and cost, however, initially the choice must be consistent with operational and design requirements (see: "Mansard roof: features and stages of construction").

What you need to know when building an attic

Not everyone succeeds in independently drafting the mansard roof of a private house and correctly performing the installation work, so it is better to immediately place the responsibility for the implementation of the planned activities on professional builders (see also: “Possible projects of attic houses”).

Before starting to create a project, you should analyze the layout of the base of the building, the structure of its roof.

If the design of the mansard roof is carried out as an additional floor to a house that has been in operation for a long time, then an assessment of the quality of its foundation and bearing base, as well as the level of possible load on them, is required.

One-story houses with an attic are becoming more and more popular.

Since the attic structure should be very light, the appropriate building materials are also purchased.

Mansard sloping roof, in detail on the video:

Requirements for mansard roofs

All projects of mansard roofs of private houses are made taking into account the following requirements:

Roofing materials must have a minimum weight.
Great for this metal tile, metal sheets and more.
For interior and exterior cladding, as well as the construction of partitions, light profiles or drywall are used.
Due to the large surface area in contact with the external environment, the level of heat loss in the attic is much greater than in the lower floors, so special attention should be paid to the thermal insulation of the roof. Builders, as a rule, recommend mineral wool or any modern lightweight insulation.
In addition, vapor barrier and waterproofing are laid (see also: "Attic in a private house - stages of the superstructure").

Possibilities of using the attic floor

It should be noted that mansard roof designs can be created for any living space, including a bedroom, study, children's playroom, gym or gym for the personal use of home owners. And when glazing the structure in the attic, you can create your own garden or green corner (read the article: “Roofs of houses with an attic: forms and variety”).

Today, the presence of an attic in the country is not only a normal activity, but also an indicator of the material well-being of the owner.

location additional floor it depends on personal preference - someone will take all the free space, and one will be enough to make only part of it. But in addition to the hard part of imagination, you need to know how to build an attic, taking into account all the nuances of a particular room. Accurate planning and the right choice of building materials ensure a satisfactory result and convenient housing placement.

MANSARD DESIGN

When building an attic space in a wooden house, it is necessary to take into account:

The surface area depends on the angle of the roof.
The greater the slope, the greater the surface area.
Roof shape. The best option is a slippery roof, which helps to rationalize the space.
Characteristics of the design of future spaces and the structure of the entire building.
Particular attention should be paid to auxiliary elements.
Load it up on the roof. Where necessary, rafters are installed, which increase the strength of the structure.
Location of communication system elements in accordance with fire safety requirements.
Need to install windows.
The distance from the ground to the middle of the window is no more than 200 cm. Optimum lighting is achieved if the window size is one tenth of the floor area.

For the maximum correct calculation of the load-bearing elements, the construction of the attic must be carried out at the stage of preparing a new building. The building layout includes beams, supports, studs, rafters, and wall reinforcement. In this case, the superstructure shall have a maximum height of 2.2 m and a width of at least 3 m.

Also, you should carefully consider where the stairs and windows will be.

PRODUCTION OF WOOD MACHINES

Wood is the optimal solution for the choice of materials for the additional floor frame. In addition to the aesthetic appearance, wooden walls have low conductivity, which helps to keep the room warm. The environmentally friendly frame "breathes", absorbs the decomposition products of oxygen and other chemical compounds.

With a clear step-by-step guide for building a wooden loft with your own hands, it can be quite fast. The main thing is to determine the consumption of building materials and clearly plan the desired design.

Attic renovation

After removing the walls to the desired height and creating the floor, you can continue to upgrade the additional floor.

First, an attic wall is built, if it was included in the layout. In this case, a material similar to that of which the wall walls are made is used. The wooden wall is covered with a bond, according to which another layer of liner is used to protect against the negative effects of the external environment.

Walls with a half allow you to install a table whose height is higher than human height, provides free movement throughout the room. The choice depends on the purpose of the attic, the construction of the building itself and other details of the layout.

Fixing walls and installing Mauerlat

If the height of the attic wall is more than 0.7 m, in order to avoid the appearance of cracks, it is necessary to increase the strength of the structure.

For this purpose, reinforcement or gluing of the walls to which the Mauerlat is attached is performed. Binders are reinforcing bars intercepted by special clips. It strengthens the entire volume of the walls, the thickness of which determines the distance between the reinforcement.

Attention: no welding - the connection is made only with clamps!

To make a blank under the beam, we use U-shaped blocks in which the skeleton will be laid.

In addition, hairs at 1.2 cm are installed at 1 m for the subsequent installation of Mauerlate. The frame is then sprayed with concrete after a complete hardening, which can be continued in the construction of gutters from windows.

Mauerlat falls on the armada and is firmly tied to the wall.

If you want to do this, you will need 1.5 cm bars. If you do not have the length you need, you can connect some short links using an anchor.

Before the installation of Mauerlets, the humidity of the armadia was provided in advance ruberoid. The rods are drilled holes that are positioned so that the anchors can easily penetrate the grooves.

Do-it-yourself attic - an additional area of \u200b\u200byour home

Then the screws must be firmly screwed in and the structure formed must be left for a few days, after which they must be screwed.

ATTIC INSULATION

Regardless of the purpose of the lower part of the attic, the space must be insulated, which is associated with significant heat loss through the roof. In addition, due to thermal insulation, the risk of rotting wood upgrades and molds is reduced.

Mineral wool or polystyrene is used as a heater.

The use of any material has its advantages and disadvantages.

As practice shows, the optimal material design for internal thermal insulation of basalt wool.

Ceiling insulation from the inside

Before laying the thermal insulation on the ceiling, all small cracks must be removed, after which you can proceed with the waterproofing.

To do this, a waterproofing film is attached to the rails to protect the surface from moisture penetration.

If you want, you can place the box as close as possible between it and the rafters. basalt slabs. Depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation material, they are laid in one or more layers.

In order to avoid moisture penetration, it is recommended to install a vapor barrier suitable for parchment or polyethylene foil. Attach the vapor barrier to the rafters with studs or resin adhesives.

It performs the insulation of drywall ceilings, beams or plywood.

Floor and floor heating

To insulate an attic floor, you must first lay a layer of steam fencing and then heat the space between the beams and trim with wood planks.

The walls of an attic room should only be insulated if they are not formed on the slopes of the roof. Before insulating the wall, the surface must be leveled and all laces must be removed.

The procedure for laying heat-insulating material is the same as on the ceiling, the only obligation is the presence of a container.

VENTILATION MANSARD

Suitable ventilation device- a prerequisite for reliable heating of the attic.

Air circulation is necessary to prevent burning of wooden scissors and corrosion of reinforced elements.

Unsuccessful organization of ventilation also leads to wetting of the insulation and deterioration of heat transfer. In order to avoid adverse effects on the roofs, it is necessary to install a ventilation slot.

And from the inside of the roofed pie, you must leave free air movement.

Holes for its exit are made in the region of the roof ridge, and in the absence of it, it is advisable to install a special special ventilation element on the ramps.

INTERIOR STRUCTURES ATTIC

The completion of the attic depends on the personal wishes of the owner and the purpose of its location.

The elements of the attic decor are no different from the design of any other room.

Ceiling ceilings, wall cladding, bamboo fabric or drywall are used here. You can create a very comfortable environment by going around or painting the walls in one or more tones. Important factors in choosing a design are the size and configuration of the attic, lighting, the location of windows and doors, and the availability of materials.

Characteristics of attic construction
Step by step - production steps
How to build an attic with your own hands
The final phase of the construction of the mansard roof

The presence of an auxiliary roof can significantly increase the usable area of a privately owned apartment. To save money, many homeowners are considering building their own attic.

According to experts, it is quite possible if you study the relevant information.

Characteristics of attic construction

One of the best options is to break the attic.

It is spacious and, after proper refinement, will become a complete living space. When such a roof is installed without accurate calculation, it cannot do so.

It should be noted that when designing an attic with roofing, the recommendations of SNiP should be taken into account.

It is necessary to consider several shades of this part:

If the building is built on a field where a mild climate prevails with frequent windy weather and very rare snow, the roof may be tilted at a slight angle.
In the event that snowfalls and heavy rains occur in the area of \u200b\u200bresidence, the flat roof should be relaxed.
It is absolutely essential to equip high-quality acoustic, hydro and thermal insulation, as the attic should be the same living room as other rooms in the house.
The best roofing material for building a mansard roof is considered to be slate or tile.
Some owners install metal covers incorrectly, but with the onset of cold weather, they have problems with a heat-saving attic room. Building materials should be chosen with fire-resistant and moisture-resistant properties, since the roof always consists of wooden elements. For their best preservation, such surfaces are treated with antifungal agents.
If you build an external staircase with your own hands when building a roof, you can save usable floor space in the house.
More comfortable for residents will be an internal staircase, but it will take up many square meters. There is another option - the location of the ceiling staircase, which practically does not cover the space. As for the screw design, its comfort is questionable.

Step by step - production steps

When the attic rises with your own hands, the production steps will be:

Wooden beams with a size of 10 × 10 cm are installed in the waterproofing.
How to make an attic

In this case, the best waterproofing material is roofing material or only in rolls, which makes it convenient even in the absence of appropriate skills. If the ceiling in the house is wooden, then there is no need to place additional beams under the main beams.
Below is the installation of racks on bearings with the same cross-sectional size.
These shelves serve as a kind of fence for the attic walls. They should be installed at a distance of no more than two meters. To ensure quality work at this stage, hand drawings of the attic roof will be made.

If you do not have the necessary knowledge, you can contact the experts.
Each of the stands must be completely accurate and use tips and clips to secure them. The accuracy of the installation must be checked according to the level and, if necessary, put these elements in a certain place. After installing the rack, they are aligned on both sides. On the inside, sheets of plain plywood or dry walls are used, and panels are made on the outside.
It is important to install the heater between the racks.
In addition, an upper beam with the same cross section is installed. He can somehow strengthen it. When building a mansard roof, the main thing is that the beams are firmly and firmly installed.
At this stage, the Mauerlat installation, which is the support of the rear leg, is located at the bottom of the structure.
Thanks to this element, the roof ramp is fixed to the walls. For the Mauerlat, you need a stick or plate that has a 40x40 centimeter section. Place waterproofing under it to prevent rotting.
If the Mauerlatt is well located, it will protect the roof of the house from the effects of wind, in winter from snow and other loads.
For a thorough fixation, use a wire with a cross section of 5 millimeters, preferably annealed, which is intended for gluing. If you want the power to stand, the wire is built directly into them.
At the next stage, in accordance with the technology for installing attic roofs of private houses, it is necessary to install rafting paws. Firstly, the mark on the Mauerlat frame and the raft is marked in the places of the rafting. Usually the installation step is 100-120 centimeters.
The scissors are made of completely flat plates with a cross section of 4-5 inches and a width of 15 centimeters.
Leg rafting must rest on an obligatory element of the building - on the crest of the rampart. This is not necessary if the length of the rafter does not exceed 8 meters.
Then they are processed by normal stretching.
The installation of the fillet is carried out in the same way as with the rafters. To simplify the work, it starts with two extreme elements.
Pull the cord between them and point to it when you install the next filler. After installation, they are attached to the floor slab, which serves as an obstacle to wind and precipitation.
Before creating a mansard roof, you must determine the location of the windows when drawing drawings.
The opening of the window must be at least 12-13% of the surface of the side walls. Where you install windows, you need to strengthen the rafts. To do this, place the strips that will become the top and bottom of the window in which the frame is mounted and attached.

How to build an attic with your own hands

Then make sure that all previous work is done correctly.

With the help of a level it is necessary to check all the dimensions of the tiles and beams from the cufflinks of the roofs, which make up their own hands. It is also necessary to ensure the rigidity and reliability of the fastening of the structural elements to ensure that the insulation is everywhere. Minor deficiencies may need to be addressed.

You can contact an experienced builder to evaluate the quality of work in the attic of the house, as the roof must be strong, reliable and durable.

If everything is fine to set up the attic, and the design is not in danger, you can proceed to the following stages of construction:

When the roof skeleton is ready, the rails of the boxes are additionally attached to the rafters.
The step of their installation depends on the roofing material chosen to cover the roof.
After installing the rail, a hyperbarrier is applied to it. The most commonly used conventional polyethylene films for this purpose. It is cheap and at the same time protects the quality of the attic from moisture penetration. Secure it with construction clips. The film should cover from the bottom up.
Thermal insulation material is installed on top of the film layer.
One of the best insulations is mineral wool. This material is light, safe for health, perfectly retains heat. In addition, minvat does not allow the spread of rodents in the house.
In the place where the roof is located, the installation is carried out similarly to the installation of polyethylene foil.
The roof material is laid in the same way that it loads the elements against each other. It must be ensured that in places where the roof is damaged, the upper parts of the roof tops protrude above the bottom.

This point is very important, because improper installation ends with the fact that even with a little rain the roof of the attic will begin to leak and that the wooden structure will gradually become useless.
Install the skates so that after the completion of the construction of precipitation, it could not get under the roof.

The final phase of the construction of the mansard roof

When the main part of the attic is completed, continue installing the doors and windows that are part of the roof of this design.

The roof cake in this case is multi-layered, so noise, heat and waterproofing are guaranteed inside the attic.

If the decision on the stairs is not made, it is better to choose an external option, which will be easier and cheaper. Over time, you can make a staircase in the room, losing part of the room in the house.

You should pay attention to reverse work if there is a living room in the attic.

However, for those who have ever renovated houses in their homes, this kind of work will not be difficult.

Even if you decide to invite a team of experienced builders, information on how to build a roof will not be redundant.

This will allow you to control the work on the construction of the attic on the roof.