How unexploited flat roofs of modern cottages are made. Do-it-yourself flat roof house

Not so long ago, such a fashion as a flat roof in a private house came to the CIS countries. Most developers did not consider this appropriate and continued to build pitched roofs. They can be understood, because a few decades ago, when the quality of materials was in doubt, the construction of a flat roof was carried out only on temporary structures. But today, when the quality of materials has improved significantly, it is foolish to refuse this roofing type.

Flat roof roofing cake

It is not necessary to say again that a residential building with a flat roof is reliably protected from the wind. As for moisture removal, roofers also learned how to solve this problem qualitatively. They realized that a low-slope device would naturally remove excess moisture from the roof plane, but this could be prevented by materials whose structure has various roughnesses.

That's why installation work should be thought out in more detail, but it's worth it. After all, you save a lot on lumber and the time it takes to build a flat roof.

So, in order for all layers to perform their functions qualitatively, they should be laid correctly. This is what a roofing cake should look like flat roof:

Base. As a rule, it is made of iron concrete slabs, but some use thick profiled metal. This component roofing cake will carry impressive loads, therefore, it is worth making it as stable as possible. Often, flat roofs are made exploitable, for example, a lawn is sown on the surface. If you plan to do something like this with this plane, then check the calculations of the base several times.
Vapor barrier layer. During operation, this component will play an important role. It will serve as protection against moisture vapor coming from the underlying floors. Remember that if moisture gets to the heat-insulating boards, then they will have to part with their positive qualities, therefore, this layer will become useless. For the installation of a vapor barrier layer, as a rule, polyethylene film or bitumen is used, but developers who have finances can afford a unidirectional membrane. It allows you to remove excess moisture from heaters and at the same time serve as protection for them.
Thermal insulation layer. A flat roof differs from a pitched one in that there is the possibility of laying unique materials, for example, backfilling. They are perlite, slag, expanded clay, and so on, but in addition to them, this layer also includes slabs of mineral wool or foam. By the way, roofers try to lay these materials in such a way as to give the roof some slope. As mentioned above, this allows atmospheric precipitation to naturally move away from the roofing plane. The requirements for this layer are as follows: light weight and low hygroscopicity
The most important component of a flat roof is waterproofing layer. Bituminous, polymeric or mixed products are used as it. You can choose slightly different materials for yourself, but remember that in addition to waterproofing qualities, they must be resistant to sudden temperature changes, good elasticity and a long service life.

A high-quality choice of materials and their installation will significantly affect how long a flat roof will last in a private house. It should be understood that the failure of at least one of them will certainly lead you to repair, therefore, take the selection of roofing materials as seriously as possible.

Varieties of flat roofs and the nuances of their installation

Before you make a flat roof device for a private house, you should figure out what goal you will pursue.

If you want to create an unused roof, then it is best to use profiled metal sheets. This will save you money and significantly affect the speed. installation process. But if you are in doubt, it is best to immediately consider this option and resolve this issue.
Operated roof implies that on its surface you will build some additional structure or arrange a pool or lawn here. This type of roof will great solution in buildings whose dimensions do not allow creating additional rooms. It should be understood that with the arrangement of the roof space, the load will increase, which puts pressure on the base, therefore, reinforced concrete slabs are laid as it. According to technical documents, the slope of such a roof should not exceed three degrees.
Inversion. This type is a variation of the traditional one. Their difference lies in the fact that they are laid in an inversion roofing cake a little differently. Waterproofing changes with thermal insulation boards. This option is the most common in private construction, so architects offer it.
ventilated. Despite the fact that ventilation is more suitable for pitched roofs, there is a flat ventilated roof in construction. To do this, aerators are correctly placed on its surface, which, under the pressure difference, pull the polluted air out and thereby circulate it. Their device is advisable to perform with large roofing areas.

Before you start building, carefully consider all the details. As for load calculations, this work is best entrusted to professionals in their field.

Construction of a flat roof on unheated structures

If it is necessary to cover a temporary structure, for example, a shed, a gazebo or a canopy, a not very difficult structure is created. Used to control slope. support beams. Tilt at 3cm by 1 running meter slope, which, in fact, will be 3% will be quite enough for precipitation to be removed naturally.

The basis for the roofing cake will be solid wooden crate. By the way, for ventilation between the boards, it is worth leaving a small distance of 1-3 millimeters. This will remove the resulting condensate. Self-tapping screws or long nails are used as fasteners.

The waterproofing layer on this structure will be rolled material - roofing material. This product is a very cheap material and its qualities are enough to cover a temporary structure and protect it from moisture for 10 years, and if repairs are needed, it is enough to buy a couple more rolls of roofing material and roll it up again, on the old basis.

The bituminous material is laid in layers. The overlap of the strips should be at least 10 centimeters. The coating is fastened to the base by means of a device on its surface with wooden or steel slats. Their installation should be carried out in such a way as not to interfere with the natural descent of water from the surface.

Building a flat roof on temporary structures is usually not a difficult job that can be done by one or two workers.

Roofing on heated buildings

The device of a flat roof of a private house, in which heating is provided, will take place as follows:

First, the floor beams are installed. During this process, it is especially important to follow the horizontal, so for the convenience and speed of the process, get a laser level.
Unedged flooring is made on the installed beams. wooden planks, the thickness of which is about 4-5 centimeters. If there is a very large distance between the installed support beams, then the cross section of the boards must be increased to the required design value.
Roofing material strips are rolled onto the created base, but other material can be taken as waterproofing. After cutting off unnecessary parts, some developers leave the bituminous product in this state for a day, but you can carry out further work without waiting for this period. For a reliable connection, the joints of the strips are laid with a ten-centimeter overlap.
After waterproofing, as a rule, it is laid thermal insulation material. You remember that often a backfill product is used for flat roofs. Its device hides some dangers, because with a small mistake, you can come to the conclusion that huge puddles will collect on the roof surface, which will significantly reduce the life of your roof, so I advise you to invite a knowledgeable person to carry out this work.
Next, the plane is poured with a screed thickness, which should be at least 20 millimeters.
After the cement mass has hardened, the entire roofing surface is primed, and then the roofing is laid.

If you perform these layers with the highest quality, then your roof will last even longer than the manufacturers of roofing products assure about it.

Monolithic concrete as a roof

In addition to the well-known methods of erecting a flat roof in construction, a new method for creating a roof has recently appeared. So, here is the technological process of erecting a concrete roof.

Concrete is far from being a light building material, therefore, appropriate products should be used as floor beams. For its role, an I-beam steel beam, the thickness of which is 120-150 millimeters, is ideal. Their installation must be carried out without any slopes, ideally horizontally.
Experienced developers recommend using a concrete grade of at least 250. It is best to mix it in a concrete mixer installed at the facility. If you still decide to knead the solution by hand, then most likely you will not achieve the desired consistency. Concrete is created in the following ratios: 4 buckets of fine gravel, one and a half buckets of cement, a bucket of sand and required amount water
The base is all the same lumber located on the lower shelf of the I-beam. wooden elements should be protected from the solution with waterproofing material, for example, roofing material. After the waterproofing wraps the boards, a reinforced mesh with 2x2 cm cells is laid on top of it
The next layer is fine gravel, and then comes the prepared concrete

IMPORTANT: Complete the entire pouring process within one working day, otherwise it threatens to cause cracks on the future element.

Let the screed harden. She will do it in 1-2 days, in addition, do not forget to take care of the concrete, of course, if quality is important to you. To do this wrap it plastic wrap or after some time, water given element water
After complete drying, the resulting plane is delivered bulk material- expanded clay. Then they make a ramp and lay out a ballast sleeve from paving slabs

In this article, I have mentioned the breakout quite a few times, and for sure not everyone knows what it is, so let's explain.

What is a slope

This process is typical only on flat roofs. It is arranged in order to ensure the natural descent of precipitation from the roof surface. As a rule, a flat roof is arranged with an internal drain, but there are options where it will be external. Therefore, at the very beginning of construction, it is building to think over this moment, and decide which drain will be more profitable for you.

If your choice fell on internal system drain, then the slope is carried out so that water enters special water-catching funnels. Their number in everything depends on the dimensions of the roof plane, for example, on a roof of 25 square meters 1-2 funnels are provided.

When an external drainage system is equipped, then with the help of a ramp, water is brought to the edges of the slopes, where a gutter is arranged.

Unfolding can be done in the following ways:

Create required slope using bulk material. Expanded clay or perlite is ideal for this. Having set the necessary slope, given material covered with a screed, and the roofing is already laid on it
Thermal insulation boards are also able to set the required slope. But I believe that playing with the laying of this layer is much more complicated and costly than purchasing expanded clay
A specially designed formwork allows you to pour concrete so that it is already with the required slope.
The most expensive method of unfolding is considered to be a device plastic panels, which differ in thickness from each other. By laying them out in a certain sequence, you can achieve the required slope

A flat roof is a great solution for creative people. After all this design serve not only excellent protection your comfort from the weather, but also give you additional square meters that you can use for your own purposes, for example, to equip your workshop for crafts on the roof.

Having made special fences on the roof, you can build a rather interesting playground right on your roof! And if the options I have proposed do not suit you, then perhaps you will find the use of these square meters on your own.

A flat roof in a private house provides many different possibilities. With this simple design, you can save on roofing materials and works, and installation is carried out in a shorter time. It is also easier to place various systems on its surface: antennas, hoods, solar panels and others. To all this, additional space can be used by arranging a garden, a recreation area or a greenhouse on it.

However, despite the cheaper installation, many nuances must be taken into account so that such a roof does not become a “headache” for the owner of the house.

Flat roof construction

A flat roof, like any other, must fully fulfill all its functions: protection from water and its removal and thermal insulation. In addition, it must have sufficient strength to withstand external loads.

This is what determines the structure of the roofing pie, which consists of the following mandatory elements.

Base. All the main loads fall on this part. The overlap must be very strong, but it all depends on whether the roof will be used or not. Most often, the basis is reinforced concrete slab, laid on load-bearing walls, less often on non-residential buildings - a layer of profiled sheet.
Vapor barrier layer. Performs a protective function, which consists in preserving materials from steam penetrating from the inside of the room.
Thermal insulation. Reduces heat consumption from the house.
Waterproofing. A flat roof does not completely drain all the water, like gable counterparts, as a result, you need high-quality protection from moisture penetration.

For normal removal of moisture, a ramp is used. Most often, it is a screed, which forms the angles of inclination along which water can flow into the prepared system of trays to remove it from the roof plane.

Saving on any details of a flat roof is unacceptable, otherwise it will lead to leaks, freezing and other negative phenomena of a poorly mounted roof pie.

Types of flat roofs

Availability, order and order individual elements roofing cake determine the type of roof. There are such designs of flat ceilings:

Unexploited. These structures can be seen in high-rise buildings. It is believed that their surface is not intended for use and is designed for a short stay of people. In this embodiment, on non-residential buildings, a profiled sheet can be used as a base.
Exploited. In this case, it is necessary to have a concrete base capable of withstanding heavy loads. Surfaces can be used as a garden, recreation area or even car parking. In addition to a solid foundation, it is important to observe the angle of inclination, which should not exceed 3 degrees.

Inversion. The design provides for a change in the order of the layers of the cake. Waterproofing is placed under the insulation, which allows you to save it from damage. Quite often, this type of roof is used in the construction of private residential buildings.
Ventilated. These types of roofs have a ventilation system (built-in aerators) that evaporate excess moisture from the thickness of the roofing pie. Can be combined with other types of roofs.

In addition, the type of roof depends on other factors, for example, whether the room is heated or not.

Installation of a flat roof on different types of buildings

Depending on whether the room will have a heating system or not, the roof assembly technology may differ during installation.

Roofs on unheated premises

Usually, garages, sheds, gazebos, and various pavilions act as unheated buildings.

The required slope of 3 degrees, on such buildings, is formed due to the load-bearing roof beams. The height difference is about 30 millimeters, per 1 meter of the beam length.
After laying the beams, a flooring is made, which will serve as the base. It can be boards or profiled sheet. They are fixed with self-tapping screws or other suitable fasteners.
If the room is unheated, you can miss such a layer as thermal insulation. A waterproofing material is laid on the base. Roofing material is used as a waterproof coating. It is spread out in overlapping strips (about 150 mm) and additionally fixed with slats, which are placed along the slope of the roof.

This is the simplest version of a flat roof, which can be mounted on an unheated utility room with your own hands at a minimum cost of money and time.

Flat roof assembly on heated buildings

In residential buildings with a heating system, the roofing pie of a flat roof will be different. It will definitely require the presence of a thermal insulation layer, high-quality hydro and vapor barrier. The presence of the latter is no less important, since water vapor can gradually spoil the entire roofing cake.

The ceiling under the base is assembled from wooden beams, which are placed every 900-1000 mm.
They are covered with flooring from boards with a section of 40-50 millimeters. The thickness of the lumber is selected depending on the distance between the beams. The larger it is, the thicker the boards are needed.
A roofing material is laid on the flooring, it is cut and straightened in advance. Waterproofing sheets are overlapped by about 100-150 mm.
The thermal insulation layer can be made by bulk method. To do this, expanded clay is poured onto the resulting base with a layer of up to 300 mm and leveled.
Next, a layer of thermal insulation backfill is poured cement-sand screed(minimum 30 mm thick).
After the cement has hardened, the surface is covered with a bitumen-based primer and covered with a layer of roofing material.

It is also possible to mount a more solid roof made of monolithic concrete.

Monolithic concrete flat roof

In this embodiment, a solid concrete base is made by hand.

As support beams, an I-beam is used, which is laid in level without forming a slope.
For pouring, it will be necessary to prepare concrete of a grade of at least M250, it is prepared in a concrete mixer, maintaining a ratio of 4: 1.5: 1: 1, where the ingredients are crushed stone (20-25 mm), cement (m400), water and sand, respectively.
For pouring, a base is made of boards, which are mounted on the lower shelves of I-beams and covered with roofing material.
Small crushed stone is poured on top of the waterproofing, which is poured with the resulting concrete. Filling must be done at a time, otherwise the structure of the roof will not be the same.
Next, expanded clay is poured and a ramp is made.

razuklonka

Razklonka is the formation of slight slopes on the surface of a flat roof, which allows you to remove water from its surface. The drainage system is assembled in two versions: external and internal. That is, the trays can be fixed to the end of the roof or on its surface.

With the internal location of the gutters, the presence of water collectors is planned in advance, the number of which is calculated as follows - 1 funnel per 25 square meters of roof area.

A house with a flat roof, in a row of the same type of "boxes" with a pitched roof, looks fresh and unusual. Therefore, every year the number of suburban residents who are seriously considering the construction of such a house for permanent residence is increasing. Fans of the "cubic" design are captivated by the wow effect and increased attention from the neighbors. Someone wants to place engineering equipment on the roof, or lay out a lawn and equip places for recreation. Still others believe that it is cheaper and easier to build a house with a flat roof than with a pitched one. Is it really? Consider the main pros and cons of these buildings and conclude whether they are suitable for our country. To do this, we will answer the following questions:

Why is it hard to choose suitable site under the "cubic" cottage
Is it true that flat roofs are not suitable for our climate?
Why does a flat roof leak?
A flat roof is simpler and cheaper than a pitched one - this is a myth
Why flat roofs are difficult to repair

1. House with a flat roof and domestic realities

Most suburban residents look at cottages with a flat roof with skepticism, calling these houses “boxes”. Why? Flat roof houses came to us from abroad. Traditionally, they were erected in countries with a warm climate, where there is practically no winter, heavy snowfalls, severe frosts with sudden thaws, prolonged rains, but they blow strong winds. For example, somewhere on the coast mediterranean sea. These houses then evolved into a 'not for everyone' fashion design trend in Western Europe and from there they came to us.

Tretin FORUMHOUSE User

I see that we mainly build houses with pitched roofs. But, is it really necessary? In Germany and Switzerland, flat-roof house designs have long been offered. What can be the disadvantages of a flat roof, in addition to an imaginary unaesthetic appearance?

Indeed, how can anyone be left indifferent by a cottage with panoramic windows in the photo below?

Or such a high-tech house with a flat roof in the forest.

Or a cottage, on the roof of which an observation deck is made, a lawn is laid out and a place to relax is equipped.

Now imagine these houses with us. harsh winter. In an ordinary - not an elite village, where roads float in spring and autumn, and plots are fenced with a profiled sheet. Houses in the mass are finished with siding or lined with facing bricks. And pitched roofs are covered with slate, metal tiles or, less often, more expensive solution - shingles. The picture doesn't add up. Something is missing, isn't it? You no longer want to sit on the flat roof of the house, as you dreamed, with a cup of tea or coffee. After all, from there you can see not the ocean, sea, mountains or nature untouched by man, but dense rural buildings or, at best, fields overgrown with grass.

A house with a flat roof, in high-tech style, looks advantageous only on a spacious isolated area, for example, on a slope, with beautiful view on a forest, lake or river. The flat-roofed cottage is lost without landscape design, and among solid, but the same type of houses, it looks like a "white crow".

This is where the first "pitfall" - dreams of stylish home flat roofs break when you realize,how much will the plot cost on which the cottage will look as it should.

Having conceived the construction of a house with a claim for a non-standard foreign design, select the appropriate site for it.

2. Reliability of a flat roof in our climate

When you look at beautiful houses, which are not one hundred years old, ask yourself why they were built this way and not otherwise. Why do houses built in the coastal zone somewhere in Norway, Sweden or Scotland have no overhangs and the usual drain? They are simply not needed because of the strong winds that turn the rain into a horizontal stream of water hitting the walls. The same is true for houses with flat roofs. They were built in a warm climate, where there is little rainfall, but a strong wind load.

A flat roof is more wind resistant than a pitched one.

dmitrievich-50 FORUMHOUSE User

Our ancestors - smart people. They considered the design of the house from the point of view of practicality, based on the climatic conditions of residence. Why were flat roofs built in Central Asia? Are they pitched on the Central Russian Upland? In the Baltics, not just pitched, but with an acute angle of the ridge? pitched roof with a slope of 45 degrees, in the Moscow region or in Saratov, will provide reliable protection from rain or snow for 20-25 years, even if covered with cheap corrugated board or slate.

flat roof, right approach to the construction and use modern materials, will also provide reliable protection for the house from precipitation and will not leak.

The only question is how much 1 sq. m of such a roof with a guarantee that it will not quickly leak with frequent transitions through 0. Icing. Nighttime freezing and daytime thawing of snow cover. Lingering downpours. And most importantly - how to make such a roof so that it serves for a long time in our climate?

The second difficulty in building a cottage with a trouble-free flat roof is severe Russian conditions operation.

3. The main problem of building a reliable house with a flat roof in the Russian Federation

link82 FORUMHOUSE member

The company built a house with a flat roof for me. On the edges made 6 pcs. heated funnels and brought out to the sides, through the parapet, drain pipes. Is it correct? Maybe it was necessary to make a slope in the center and, with a small roof area, put two funnels instead of six? And let the pipe inside the building. Lead to the basement and further into the storm sewer? I am afraid that the knee, which is brought out of the funnel into the street, will freeze. Ice has already formed on the pipes. What if the pipe burst due to frost? How to fix it? Throw a heating cable? So much money has already been spent on this roof!

Flat roof house built in 2013.

In addition to problems with drainage, another one was added. When link82 I came to check the house, I found that the roof was leaking in several places. Water went from the second floor to the first. The whole drywall floated. Now you have to swear with the builders. Trying to take the money, and completely redo the roof. According to Michael-snabss(the portal user is professionally engaged in the construction of flat roofs) in this example, a whole bunch of errors have been collected. The main of which - builders who just don't know how to make flat roofs the right way.

When building a house with a flat roof, do not chase cheapness. Each step of the builders and stage of work needs strict control. More thorough than when erecting a pitched. Mistakes are costly!

The roof was most likely made of built-up waterproofing material- glass isol. The tree played and the fiberglass tore. Repair of this roof with a special roofing membrane will cost from 130 to 200 thousand rubles.

The third factor complicating the construction of a cottage with a flat roof in the Russian Federation - lack of highly qualified builders who know exactly how to build just such houses. How to use and combine materials with each other. What tools are needed for this. Even if the future owner of a flat roof house has a detailed project, and he should be, then everything can be spoiled by “specialists” working on the principle: “we always build like this and no one has complained yet!”.

Flat roofing should only be done by professionals.

4. Is flat roofing cheaper and easier than pitched roofing?

Usually, when it comes to the benefits of a flat roof, you can hear the argument that it is cheaper than a pitched one. Why? Less area - less material consumption. It is easier to make an overlap, because. no classic needed rafter system. No need to equip attic floor etc. And it's true, but as they say, the point is in the details.

If we simply consider the "pie" of a flat roof, then on the base, for example, concrete floor slabs, are laid:

vapor barrier;
thermal insulation;
waterproofing.

Or the so-called. inverted flat roof where the layers go like this:

waterproofing;
thermal insulation;
finishing layer.

In an inverted flat roof, the waterproofing layer is located under the insulation and “works” in more benign conditions, because. from above, from the negative influence of weather phenomena, it is protected by rubble, tiles or soil with a lawn. Those. a ballast flat roof is being installed.

But, when building a flat roof, it is necessary:

Arrange slopes for water drainage - about 2 cm per 1 running meter. Deviations are usually made concrete screed or wedge-shaped elements of insulation.
Lay several layers of insulation. If stone wool is used rather than extruded polystyrene foam, install aerators to remove water vapor from the insulation.
Put water intake funnels electric heating , otherwise, due to the formed ice, they will not divert water from the roof.

One water intake funnel, 110 mm in diameter, drains water from an area of up to 300 square meters. m.

Install a downpipe with a slope of 3 cm per 1 running meter.
Qualitatively make waterproofing from PVC, TPO or expensive EPDM membranes. TPO membranes are less elastic than PVC membranes, but have higher strength. Welding TPO membranes requires professional installers with special equipment. The advantage of EPDM membranes is the large format, and the fewer welds, the more reliable the flat roof.

When installing a flat roof, you will have to take into account many nuances.

Calculate the snow load depending on the region of residence. For example, Moscow and St. Petersburg belong to the third climatic region. Snow load on a flat roof, with a slope of 2%, in the Moscow region will be 180 kg per 1 sq. km. m. In the fourth climatic region snow load 240 kg per 1 sq. m, and in the fifth already 320 kg. Do not forget that the weight of 1 m 3 of loose freshly fallen snow is on average 50 - 100 kg. Already caked 350 kg. A cube of wet or melting snow weighs approximately 400-600 kg.

With a properly calculated flat roof, snow does not need to be removed in winter. The excess is blown away by the wind, and loose snow becomes a heat insulator.

But, the load on a flat roof must be considered with a larger margin than on a pitched one, subject to force majeure circumstances. For example, the water intake funnels were clogged, the heating cable burned out, and the water did not leave the roof. For a couple of days, the monthly rate of snow fell, but there was no wind to blow it away and it lies on the roof. The additional weight on the roof puts pressure on the walls, which in turn transfer the load to the foundation, which redistributes it onto the subgrade. The further north, the greater the load. We will add a mass of crushed stone or soil with grass if a ballast flat roof is being arranged.

From here - the optimal design of a cottage with a flat roof is not a frame or wooden house, and the stone structure, calculated by the designer and built of aerated concrete, brick, warm ceramics, according to monolithic technology. Because "cubic" design involves large unsupported spaces, then it will no longer be possible to block a span of more than 6 m with a tree. Farms, I-beams are needed wooden beams, hollow reinforced concrete floor slabs, monolithic overlap or prefabricated-monolithic overlap. Do not forget to add expensive facade finishing solutions to the cost of a house with a flat roof.

You can't finish a house like this cheaply.

Planken is used, burnt wood, hand-molded brick, wet facade, combined facades made of wood and stone. And you can’t put it in a house with a flat roof standard windows. Large or panoramic are needed. Add to this additional space parapets, which also need to be insulated and finished. This increases the cost of construction.

The fourth factor - a house with a flat roof cannot be called budget construction.

Consider the costs not only for the roof, comparing the final estimate with flat and pitched, but for the total cost of the entire “box” with the finish.

5. Low maintainability of a flat roof

sv2321 FORUMHOUSE User

I have a flat roof house. Waterproofing - membrane. I'm struggling with the roof. As they say, water will always find a hole. I like a flat roof, but I think I will abandon it and remake it with a pitched one, although I will have to change the entire architecture of the house. And that's why:

There is no absolute guarantee that all flat roof joints will be airtight. Enough microcracks and gone. If there is a slope, then small defects are not critical;
Snow lingers on a flat roof. He melts. Water fills microcracks. Frost struck at night. The water is frozen. With frequent daily freeze-thaw cycles, microcracks increase and then break. They are getting bigger. The pitched roof has no welded sections and there is nothing to tear there. In the most unfortunate case, there will be a small temporary leak without progressive consequences. It is easy to find and repair;
The most annoying. On a flat roof, you will never know exactly where the defect has formed. A leak in one place, and water dripping from the ceiling in a completely different place. Masters will come, check the joints and find one of the defects, and the rest will remain. If the roof is inverted or loaded with gravel, then troubleshooting is an even bigger problem.

According to the user, optimal roofing for our climate - pitched. The angles at the slopes compensate for the crooked hands of the builders and the change in the properties of materials over time, and the overhangs protect the walls and finishing from precipitation.

So, fifth - low maintainability. The quality of a flat roof is greatly influenced by the human factor.

If it leaks pitched roof with a cold attic, it is not difficult to find and repair a defective area. In extreme cases, you can dismantle the coating and perform local repairs or get close to problem area from within. In the case of a flat roof, leak detection and repair is made more difficult by the complex pie. Many layers in the design, especially in the so-called. "green roof". The presence of a concrete screed, etc.

conclusions

Houses with a flat roof certainly look beautiful and stylish. Make a flat, hassle-free roof that will last for many years in our climate also possible. The only question is the total cost of all decisions and its expediency. Anyone who has been involved in the installation or repair of roofs in our climate knows that in summer, the sun-hot roof is the last place where you would like to sit with your family or friends. Hot and stuffy. I would like to quickly go into the shadows. If there are small children in the house, then the exploited flat roof is superfluous headache for parents. You can also organize a shaded private place to relax with barbecue on a small area. Sunbathing is pleasant in the garden on the grass, throwing a towel or spreading out a deck chair, and not in front of all the neighbors and passers-by on the roof. The suburbs simply want solitude, and not stick out their private lives for everyone to see. Let's add our changeable weather. Rain. The wind, which at a height is felt quite differently than below. In total, how many days a year will really be left to relax on a flat roof? Let's add the need to arrange a place to go to the roof directly from the house. Do not climb onto a flat roof along the stairs, which are fixed on the facade. What's left? Unusual "fashionable" design to attract attention. Therefore, whether to build a house with a flat roof or not, let everyone decide for himself, and FORUMHOUSE offers you proven solutions for this.

how to build a house in our climate with a roof without overhangs with a hidden gutter, and what are its advantages.

Stone house with a flat roof: a harmonious combination of exterior and interior. In the video - the design features of a monolithic stone house with a flat roof and an unusual facade finish.

During the construction of urban high-rise buildings and industrial facilities, the basis of a flat roof is usually a reinforced concrete slab. But for private houses, especially frame and wooden ones, this choice is most often unacceptable. In this case, a flat roof is built on wooden beams. Its main advantage is its light weight, which reduces the load on walls and foundations.

The device of such a roof is simpler and cheaper than when using heavy reinforced concrete slabs. But the functionality is the same. Therefore, this option of a flat roof is often chosen by those who want to build it with their own hands.

The main share of such roofs falls on private houses and cottages, whose owners appreciate the futuristic style, convenience and practicality. Still - on the floors of verandas, terraces, balconies, garages. As a rule, all these buildings are wooden or frame, requiring light construction roofs. But this is not a mandatory rule. The wall material can be anything - brick, aerated concrete, foam concrete, etc. In this case, often wooden beams crash into the Mauerlat - wooden beam, running along the perimeter of the walls and connected to them with anchor bolts or studs.

A flat roof is especially attractive to developers because its horizontal surface can be used as a usable area. Moreover, this is possible even for the roof, which is based on wooden beams.

Of course, you should not use the freed meters for a parking lot, a swimming pool or a tennis court. Still, such projects require a more monumental foundation. But an open terrace, an observation deck, a home greenhouse, wooden beams can easily withstand. The main thing is to correctly calculate and not save on the thickness of the lumber.

Types of flat roofs on beams

On wooden floors, you can build a flat roof of the following types:

unexploited;
exploited;
inversion.

That is all possible types- without Borders.

Unexploited roof- ordinary, ending with a waterproofing finish. It is intended solely to protect the premises from the conditions environment and does not set itself other goals. It is impossible to use it as a place of rest, to move in large companies, to install terrace furniture and flowerpots. The coating of such a roof is designed for the fact that 1-2 people will periodically climb it, solely for the maintenance of the structure.

exploited roof- more interesting and more difficult. In addition to direct protective functions, such a roof plays the role of an additional usable area for the homeowner. The design pie ends not with waterproofing (prone to damage), but protective coating– paving stones, decking, wooden deck, paving slabs, sod layer, crushed stone or gravel.

inverted roof- roof-reversible, a qualitatively different option. It can be both operated and non-operated. Its feature is the inverted order of the layers in the cake. If in a conventional roof the waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation, then in the inversion roof the opposite is true. Waterproofing lies under the insulation, and vapor barrier is generally excluded from the structure of the pie. Due to this, the waterproofing is protected from the outdoor environment and its service life is increased.

However, under the influence of unfavorable outdoor conditions, there is a heater, therefore, as part of inverted roofs, the choice of this type of insulation is limited. Only EPS (extruded polystyrene foam) and nothing else! This material has almost zero water absorption, high density and strength. From above, EPSS in inverted roofs is loaded with washed gravel, paving stones, paving slabs or a sod layer.

An interesting option for operated roofs (including inversion ones) is green roof. It can also be held on wooden beams. The cake of such a roof ends with a soil layer on which plants are planted. There are other elements that are not used for other types of roofs: a drainage layer (gravel, expanded clay, crushed pumice or geomats), a filtration layer (geotextile).

Flat roof frame on a wooden base

The frame of the described roofs are wooden beams, laid according to the type of interfloor overlap. Full size can be used wooden lumber or composite of several elements (glued). Often beams are made of boards with a section of 100x150 mm.

Beams are laid with support on the walls, similarly floors. If the building is wooden or frame, then the beams rest on the upper crown of logs or top harness. If brick or block - then on a pre-fixed Mauerlat. As a Mauerlat, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm is usually used. It is mounted on the upper belt of the walls using anchors or studs. To protect the wooden Mauerlat from the material of the walls, 1-2 layers of waterproofing (roofing material) are laid between them.

On the beams, cuts are made under the Mauerlat, they are laid and fixed with metal corners or nails. The step between the beams is maintained 50-120 mm (depending on the calculated load).

When installing beams, it is important to ensure a roof slope of 1-6 °. Despite the fact that the roof is called flat, it is not absolutely horizontal. A slight slope is necessary to ensure the movement of water to the drain and thus prevent its stagnation.

You can create the required slope in the following ways:

Immediately lay the beams with the desired slope. Then, if a horizontal ceiling is supposed to be installed under the roof in the room, it is made suspended or sewn onto a horizontal crate.
Lay the beams horizontally, and to maintain the required angle, nail wooden plates of different heights to them.
Lay the beams horizontally, and form the corner due to the different thicknesses of the thermal insulation laid on top of the frame.
Use beams with unequal height allowance.

Most often, the first option is used, that is, beams with a slope are immediately laid. The easiest way to do this is to pin along the top bearing wall a strong run from a bar or board, which will lift the frame (beams) on one side. Instead of a cross purlin, you can also install short radial beams extending from the central double diagonal beam.

Flat roof pie: what's inside?

A flat roof cake on a wooden frame can have a different structure. There are many design options, many of them are posted on the Internet. And they will all work!

Option 1. Roof with insulation over beams

Flat roof insulation layers can be laid over the beams. For example, a proven working option (classic roof with insulation):

floor beams;
vapor barrier;
waterproofing material - polymer membrane.

When using EPPS insulation and PVC membranes in the structure at the same time, a separating layer (geotextile, fiberglass) must be laid between them. The matter is that these two materials are incompatible and at their direct contact there is a destruction of PVC.

The polymer membrane is fixed on the insulation by a mechanical method or loaded with ballast. Crushed stone or gravel (for all types of roofs), paving stones (for operated roofs), soil (for green operated roofs) are used as ballast. However, when choosing a ballast, one should soberly assess the reliability of a wooden frame, its ultimate load.

If as finish coat the use of welded waterproofing or an EPDM membrane with adhesive fixation is supposed to be used, a change is made to the scheme discussed above. It consists in the fact that sheets of plywood, OSB or DSP are laid between the insulation and waterproofing.

It turns out such a scheme:

floor beams;
crate (if necessary);
solid sheathing made of plywood, DSP, OSB;
vapor barrier;
insulation - EPPS, mineral wool;
sheets of plywood, OSB, DSP;
waterproofing material.

The installation of built-up roofing traditionally requires the use of gas burner, therefore, according to existing fire regulations, it is unacceptable on wooden structures. Therefore, they act as follows. The first layer of waterproofing is nailed or glued to wooden base, and the second layer is welded, as it should be. It is also convenient to use euroruberoid with a special adhesive base, for which cold installation is recommended without heating with a burner.

Installation of a membrane roof on a wooden base is shown in the video plot:

Option #2. Roof with inter-beam insulation

Another principle for assembling a flat roof pie is associated with laying insulation in the inter-beam space. This option is more convenient than the first if EPDM membranes with adhesive fixation or welded roofing are used as waterproofing.

The following roofing pie scheme is often used:

floor beams;
vapor barrier (between beams);
insulation (between the beams);
crate (if necessary);
solid sheathing made of plywood, DSP, OSB;
waterproofing.

In principle, a similar system is used in the formation of classical pitched roofs.

Option #3. Roof with internal insulation

In this case, on load-bearing structure(beams) sew sheets of plywood, OSB or DSP, and waterproofing is laid on them. The remaining insulating layers of the roofing cake are sewn from the side of the room.

A rough ceiling is fixed on the beams (from boards or sheet materials), to it, perpendicular to the supporting beams, the slats are screwed in increments of 40 cm. Placed between the slats polystyrene boards by sticking them on mastic or glue. Hemmed to the insulating layer vapor barrier film. close insulation cake clean ceiling.

Or you can go against all the "traditional" solutions and build an inverted roof on the beams. Due to the fact that the waterproofing will be covered with insulation, that is, protected from stress, exposure to oxygen, UV rays and precipitation, its service life is significantly increased.

When constructing an inversion roof, you can use the following scheme (from bottom to top):

beams;
solid crate;
waterproofing;
separating layer (when using a PVC membrane as a waterproofing);
EPPS insulation;
separating layer - geotextile;
ballast, paving slabs, decking, etc.

The principle of inverted roofing is often used for green roofs. For example, you can do this:

What top coat to use?

The wooden base of a flat roof, along with its advantages, also has features with a minus sign. This is an increased fire hazard and low load bearing capacity(compared to reinforced concrete slabs).

For waterproofing such a roof, it is desirable to use materials that do not require hot installation. Ideally - polymer membranes. When choosing deposited bitumen-polymer coatings(from a series of euroroofing materials), the first layer of material is mounted mechanically, and the second - by welding. In order to minimize the possibility of fire of structures during installation, it is recommended to use non-combustible DSP boards as a continuous sheathing (on which waterproofing is laid).

When constructing exploitable and ballast roofs, it should also be remembered that excessive load for wooden base may be fatal. Therefore, if the bearing capacity of the beams used is low, light materials should be selected for the finish coating - decking, deck board, rubber paving slabs (rubber mats), etc.

Many people are used to thinking that it is customary to build flat roofs only on multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings. However, in recent times This type of roofing is increasingly being used in the construction of private houses. A flat roof in a private house is built without difficulty, given modern technology and a variety of building materials.

There are 4 types of them:

Exploited. Main Feature of this type is a sufficiently powerful base, otherwise there is a possibility of damage to the waterproofing layer. Decking or concrete screed, acting as a base, allow you to create the necessary slope for arranging a drain. Thermal insulation on such a roof must be resistant to serious loads. All this is done in order to use the roof of the house in any capacity, whether it be a work site or a recreation area.
Unexploited. Here, the rigidity of the base of the flat roof structure is not as important as in the above embodiment. And the strength of the insulation also does not play a significant role. This roof is cheaper than the exploited one, but it will also last a shorter period.
Traditional. A feature of their device is the periodicity of the layers - waterproofing goes above thermal insulation. Here, there is a reinforced concrete slab at the base, and an inclined expanded clay concrete screed is used for the drain.
Inversion. Flat roof device this option practically no problems with water leaks. Here, the thermal insulation is above the waterproofing, which gives the latter protection from ultraviolet rays and the effects of temperature fluctuations. Such a roofing device turns out to be the most durable and functional, which opens up a lot of opportunities for using the roof space.

Important! Angles in the range of 3 to 5 degrees are considered optimal for the slope of the inversion type of a flat roof.

Advantages and disadvantages of this design

A flat roof in a private house, like other types of roofs, has a number of pros and cons. It is worth considering the advantages that determine its popularity in modern construction:

Smaller area than other types of roofing - and this saves effort and money;
Convenience and safety of work - it is quite difficult to fall from a straight horizontal surface, and all necessary tools are at hand;
Rapid construction - as a consequence of the first two advantages, such work is done much faster;
Easy maintenance and replacement roofing- dismantling of worn parts is usually not carried out, but a new cake is laid directly on the old one;
The use of additional territory - the arrangement of an exploited roof opens up great prospects;
It is possible to install transparent roof elements - view open skies on the ceiling is extremely tempting for many;
Giving your home clear geometric shapes - if the drawing of the house allows, then you can give it a unique look with the help of such a design, especially considering that minimalism is now extremely popular.

It is also worth mentioning the disadvantages of this design:

Snow and leaves accumulate periodically - sometimes mechanical cleaning of the roof is required;
A more complex structure - the presence of gutters suggests their inevitable blockages, especially in bad weather;
Regular control - the humidity of the insulation and the general condition of the roof must be constantly checked;

Not surprisingly, some people may have doubts about the reliability of this type of structure. But judging by the experience of the owners of private houses with a similar roof both in Russia and abroad, this type of roof functions successfully and pleases its owners.

Do-it-yourself flat roof installation

Now on the Internet you can find a lot of photos of houses with flat roofs of a wide variety of designs. Interested in the question of how to make a flat roof with your own hands? Before you build a roof, you must first familiarize yourself with the drawing of the house and make sure of its technical characteristics.

The design features of a flat roof depend on many factors. If this is an unheated room and the roof is being built with your own hands, then it is enough to install support beams, on which the base is then laid from uncut boards fastened with screws or nails. When installing a flat roof on a garage, roofing material often acts as a waterproofing due to its cheapness. Strips of roofing material are applied in the direction of the slope of the roof, fixing them with wooden or steel slats. A do-it-yourself flat roof for an unheated room is created quite easily - here all the work can be done by one person without anyone's help.

When installing a flat roof on a private house, which is planned to be heated, the following procedure is usual:

Installation of floor beams. Strict observance of the horizontal is required. Here and in subsequent stages, the participation of several workers will be required.
Flooring installation. Usually an uncut board with a thickness of no more than 5 cm is taken.

Important! The size of the lumber section increases in proportion to the distance between the support beams.

Waterproofing installation.
Thermal insulation laying. AT this case backfill insulation is reinforced with a concrete screed, which dries for a couple of days.
After the screed dries, a bitumen-based primer is applied to it, then roofing material is laid and glued.

The structure of the roofing pie

In order to make the roof reliably protected from moisture, it is necessary to place materials in layers one above the other - this arrangement is extremely important. The standard base is made of concrete slabs or profiled metal. It is able to support the weight of the entire structure above, transferring it load-bearing partitions, which, in turn, transfer it to the foundation of the house.

Important! The operated roof should have the most solid foundation.

Then come the standard layers: vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing. When choosing a flat roof, you should be guided by the preferences of the owner and the capabilities of the building itself. From a huge cottage to a small cozy house built many years ago, flat-roofed houses will be reliably protected from various environmental influences for many years to come.