None today industrial enterprise or the office building does not work without fire fighting equipment. And this is connected not only with the mandatory regulatory requirements but also a healthy desire to save people's lives and material property. Installing a fire alarm is a crucial step, so it is important to choose the right equipment, taking into account the characteristics of the protected facility, and carry out the installation according to the rules.
Fire-fighting equipment of objects is carried out in several stages:
- project preparation;
- selection of equipment taking into account the requirements of the facility;
- laying cables;
- connection of fire detectors;
- setting up and starting the system.
Fire-fighting equipment is installed in any type of premises, except landings, bathrooms and other objects with high humidity.
Fire alarm is a chain of interconnected devices, each of which performs a specific function. Standard set consists of sensors, warning devices, a reception and control point, an autonomous power source. If desired, the complex includes devices for automatic fire extinguishing.
The main element of a fire alarm is sensitive sensors. Their role is to monitor critical changes in the microclimate of the room and transmit an alarm signal to the control point. Having received a signal, the control device turns on warning devices (siren, light alarms) or activates automatic fire extinguishing (gas or water). At the same time, an alarm signal is sent to the Ministry of Emergency Situations or the fire service.
Depending on the designated purpose emit detectors that react to smoke, flames or temperature rise. When selecting sensors for a room, it is important to give preference to high-quality products that will not fail in a dangerous situation. By the way, a variety of models will allow you to choose devices that will organically fit into the design of the room.
Fire alarm connection: equipment selection
When choosing a complete set of fire alarms, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the room for which it is intended. Namely: area, ceiling height, fire risks, number of staff and visitors, materials and equipment.
Such an analysis will allow right choice in favor of one of the presented types of fire alarms:
- Threshold with radial trains. In spite of affordable price equipment, requires considerable installation costs. The operation of the threshold system is marked by periodic failures and false alarms. To increase the efficiency of the system, the number of sensors increases, but then you will have to install an additional computer to control its operation. And this will also lead to an increase in the cost of the complex.
- Threshold with a modular structure. The difference between this type of alarm and the previous one is that its operation can be controlled from one point. Otherwise, it has similar disadvantages.
- Address survey. A reliable type of equipment that is fundamentally different from the previous ones. The system consists of many detectors connected to a common unit. The control point collects operational information from sensors about the situation in the controlled sector. The main advantage of such devices is quick search malfunctions.
- Address-analogue. Up to 200 sensors are connected to the control unit at the same time, which affects the reliability of the complex. Moreover, if one of the detectors fails, this will not disrupt the operation of the complex as a whole.
- Combined. Such an alarm system is able to provide security at large facilities. It allows simultaneous connection of several thousand devices. To monitor the operation, one control unit is enough. The only drawback of installing such an alarm is the high cost.
Important! The first criterion for choosing an alarm is the size of the room. For large objects, an address system is suitable, since only it can accurately determine the location of a fire.
Each type of equipment has separate installation and operating requirements. In this case, you can separately highlight the rules common to the installation of all types of alarms:
- Each fire alarm has a control unit with connectors for connecting devices. AT the simplest system sensors transmit a danger signal, and the central device, in turn, turns on detectors to warn people.
- In complex models, it is permissible to integrate a security function into a fire alarm.
- The permissible distance between the cables of the fire alarm and the power supply of the facility must be observed. This will avoid interference and false positives.
- If you purchase a wireless fire fighting equipment kit, installation will be easier.
- It is allowed to use wires only with thermal protection, and it is necessary to control their integrity along the entire length.
- The sensors are located in places where the temperature may rise, but their installation near heat sources is unacceptable.
- The detectors are mounted with a distance of 9 m from each other, but up to 4.5 m from the corners. The average distance from the device to the ceiling is 30 cm.
Before drafting a fire alarm, it is important to take measurements of the room and determine the exact location of the sensors.
Note! The quality of the detector may be affected by a deposited layer of dust. Therefore, it is recommended to wipe it as often as possible.
According to the legislation, organizations that have received a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations are engaged in the installation and adjustment of fire-fighting equipment. In this case, an installation contract is concluded between the client and the contractor and. Works are carried out on the basis of the approved project.
But to protect your own home, with the appropriate knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, it is allowed to independently install simple alarms. After setting up the equipment, an incident signal will be sent to the owner's phone. But he would have to call the fire department himself.
Installation of fire alarm systems by contractors
An important requirement for installation fire fighting systems is to engage contractors with a valid license or obtain permission from regulatory authorities.
The safety of people depends on the correct installation. Therefore, when choosing a contractor, it is important to consider the following factors:
- a valid license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
- the presence of the organization in the SRO association;
We specialize in equipment from both budget and more expensive manufacturers of fire alarm systems, such as: SYSTEM SENSOR, BOLID, IRSET, Siberian Arsenal, Arton, Frontier, MaviGard, Argus-Spectrum etc. We have proven suppliers of both equipment and Supplies and we always find individual approach to every client. In all cases, the cost of our work is calculated individually and depends on a number of factors, such as the specifics of the object itself and the type of system chosen. It is also worth remembering that we have a system of bonuses and discounts, which applies to both new and regular customers. We guarantee the quality of our work by providing a long-term GUARANTEES. FROM approximate cost of our services for the installation of fire alarm systems can be found in the table below.
If you have any questions, be sure to contact our specialists who will be able to advise you, help in choosing best solution your task and will significantly save your time and money.
Fire alarm, withcost of work |
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Type of work: |
Volume: |
Price: |
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Installation of a fire smoke detector |
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Installation of linear smoke detector |
1650 r. |
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Mounting the smoke aspiration sensor |
negotiable |
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Installation of a thermal fire detector |
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Installation of a thermal cable |
negotiable |
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Mounting the flame detector |
1500 r. |
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Installation of a manual fire detector |
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Installation of an explosion-proof fire detector |
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Installation of a radio channel fire detector |
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Installation of the monitoring and control panel, display unit, relay module, GSM module, expander, etc. |
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Installation of a fire and security device for 1 - 4 loops |
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Installation of a fire and security device for 8 loops |
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Installation of a fire and security device for 16 loops |
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Installation of a fire and security device for 24 loops |
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Block installation uninterruptible power supply |
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Chasing and laying cables in a brick wall |
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Chasing and laying cables in a concrete wall |
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Corrugated pipe laying |
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Pulling the cable into the corrugated pipe |
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Installation of the cable in the electrical box |
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Laying underground cable communication |
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Punching holes in bricks up to 500 mm |
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Punching holes in concrete up to 500 mm |
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Laying bundled cable above the false ceiling |
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Testing one piece of cable |
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Holding commissioning the whole system |
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Programming |
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executive documentation |
negotiable |
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Expertise |
negotiable |
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For a general understanding of the price of installing a fire alarm system, consider some of the most popular typical solutions:
Consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a four-story building. office building, with a total area of about 1000 m 2 . According to the requirements of the customer, the system must comply with all national regulations against fire safety and have all permits for its operation.
Considering the specifics of this facility and based on the requirements of the current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use a fire alarm system (SPS) manufactured by BOLID, which meets the requirements fire protection, It has relevant certificates for her safe operation and will allow you to control each room of the facility. Thus, the composition of the SPS of this object includes:
- optical smoke detector IP-212-26U- 133 pcs;
- thermal fire detector IP-104-1- 23 pcs;
- manual fire detector - 10 pcs
Equipment layout plan on the fourth floor
- internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1700 m): 1700 * (30+20) = 85000 r.
- installation of a control panel (1 pc.): 1*4000 = 4000 r.
- installation of fire smoke detectors (133 pcs.): 133*451 = 59983 r.
- installation of fire heat detectors (23 pcs.): 23*451 = 10373 r.
- installation of fire manual call points (10 pcs.): 10*451 = 4510 r.
- system setup: 15000 R.
Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a four-story office building with an area of about 1000 m 2 will be about $93866
Consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a small grocery store with a total area of about 105 m 2 . According to the requirements of the customer, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.
Considering the specifics of this object and relying on the requirements of the current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use without address system fire alarm system (SPS) manufactured by the Siberian Arsenal company, which meets the requirements of fire protection, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow you to control each room of the facility. Thus, the composition of the SPS of this object includes:
- control panel - 1 piece;
- display and control unit BIU- 1 PC;
- optical smoke detector - 8 pcs;
- manual fire detector - 1 pc.
With this placement of equipment, the cost installation work and system setup will be:
- internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (120 m): 120 * (30+20) = 6000 r.
- installation of the control panel (1 pc.): 1*1280 = 1280 r.
- installation of the indication and control unit (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 r.
- installation of fire smoke detectors (8 pcs.): 8*451 = 3608 r.
- installation of fire manual call points (10 pcs.): 1*451 = 451 r.
- system setup: 2000 r.
Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a grocery store with an area of about 105 m 2 will be about 14184 r. without taking into account the cost of the equipment used.
Consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a three-story building general education school with a total area of about 2000 m 2 . According to the requirements of the customer, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.
- control and management panel - 1 pc;
- two-wire line controller - 3 pcs;
- branching-insulating block - 10 pcs
- signal-starting block - 1 piece;
- relay module - 1 pc;
- address expander - 1 pc;
- uninterrupted power supply unit RIP-12 (Spanish 01)- 1 PC;
- fire smoke detector - 181 pcs;
- thermal fire detector - 10 pcs;
- manual fire detector - 17 pcs;
- linear smoke detector - 5 pcs.
Basement floor plan
Equipment layout plan on the ground floor
Equipment layout plan on the second floor
Equipment layout plan on the third floor
With this placement of equipment, the cost of installation and adjustment of the system will be:
- internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (2200 m): 2200 * (30+20) = 110000 r.
- 845 r.
- installation of a two-wire line controller (3 pcs.): 3*845 = 2535 r.
- installation of a branching-insulating block (10 pcs.): 10 * 845 = 8450 r.
- installation of a signal-starting block (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 r.
- relay module mounting (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 r.
- installation of address expander (1 pc.): 1*845 = 845 r.
- installation of an uninterruptible power supply (1 pc.): 1 * 900 = 900 r.
- installation of fire smoke detectors (181 pcs.): 181*451 = 81631 r.
- installation of fire heat detectors (10 pcs.): 10*451 = 4510 r.
- installation of fire manual call points (17 pcs.): 17*451 = 7667 r.
- installation of fire smoke linear detectors(5pcs): 5*1650= 8250 r.
- system setup: 45000 r.
Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a three-story comprehensive school with an area of about 2000 m 2 will be about 272323 r. without taking into account the cost of the equipment used.
Warehouse fire alarm
Consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a large warehouse complex with a total area of about 15,000 m 2 . According to the requirements of the customer, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.
Considering the specifics of this facility and based on the requirements of the current fire regulations (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use the addressable fire alarm system (SPS) manufactured by Z-LINE, which meets the requirements of fire protection, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow you to control each room of the object. Since this object has a rather large area, it will be fully used to protect it with modern smoke aspiration detectors manufactured by Spetsavtomatika. This solution will save on cable products and the total cost of installation work. Thus, the composition of the SPS of this object includes:
- control panel Z-101 - 1 PC;
- addressable input/output module Z-021 - 34 pcs;
- relay module Z-022 - 34 pcs;
- aspiration fire detector IPA- 34 pcs;
- uninterruptible power supply - 10 pcs;
- smooth rigid pipe for an aspiration detector - 784 m.
Plan piping aspiration detectors in the main space of the warehouse
Equipment layout plan in the main storage space
With this placement of equipment, the cost of installation and adjustment of the system will be:
- internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1100 m): 1100 * (30+20) = 55000 r.
- installation of a control panel (1 pc.): 1*2500 = 2500 r.
- mounting of I/O modules (34 pcs.): 34*845 = 28730 r.
- installation of relay modules (34 pcs.): 34*845 = 28730 r.
- installation of fire aspiration detectors (34 pcs.): 34*1000 = 34000 r.
- installation of an uninterruptible power supply (1 pc.): 10 * 900 = 9000 r.
- installation of a pipe for aspiration detectors (784 m.): 784 * 30 = 23520 r.
- system setup: 36000 r.
Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a warehouse complex with an area of about 15,000 m 2 will be about 217480 r. without taking into account the cost of the equipment used.
Consider the cost of installing a fire alarm system in a multi-storey residential building (16 floors and underground parking). According to the requirements of the customer, the system must comply with all state fire safety standards and have all permits for its operation.
Considering the specifics of this facility and based on the requirements of the current fire safety standards (SP 5.13130.2009), it was decided to use the addressable fire alarm system (SPS) manufactured by BOLID, which meets the requirements of fire protection, has the appropriate certificates for its safe operation and will allow control every room of the facility. Thus, the composition of the SPS of this object includes:
Parking lot equipment plan
Equipment layout plan on the ground floor ( office rooms)
Equipment placement plan for standard floor(floor 2-15)
Equipment placement plan for top floor (floor 16)
With this placement of equipment, the cost of installation and adjustment of the system will be:
- internal cable laying in a corrugated pipe (1200 m): 1200 * (30+20) = 60000 r.
- installation of the monitoring and control panel (1 pc.): 1*1280 = 1280 r.
- installation of two-wire communication line controllers (6 pcs.): 6*845 = 5070 r.
- installation of indication blocks (6 pcs.): 6*845 = 5070 r.
- mounting backup source supply(1pc): 10*900= 9000 r.
- installation of optoelectronic fire smoke detectors (234 pcs.): 234*451 = 105534 r.
- installation of hand-held addressable electrocontact fire detectors (34 pcs.): 34*451 = 15334 r.
- installation of thermal addressable analog fire detectors (141 pcs.): 141*451 = 63591 r.
- system setup: 50000 r.
Total: the total cost of installing a turnkey fire alarm system in a multi-storey residential building will be about 314879 r. without taking into account the cost of the equipment used.
Installation of a fire alarm system is a mandatory stage in the preparation of an object before commissioning.
Increased requirements are imposed on the protection of premises from various emergencies, therefore, without technical means fire safety is indispensable.
How to put?
Currently, the service - installation of a fire alarm - is offered by many companies both in Moscow and in other cities. Offers vary in price, terms, types of equipment used. In addition, on the OPS market, you can find technical means that do not require special knowledge, which the owners of the facility can install on their own. But before making a choice in favor of a particular company, as well as self-assembly, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances:
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- Installation of fire protection systems is a licensed activity - assembly organization must have an appropriate permit document, a self-installation possible only on objects of individual use;
- The presence of strict regulatory regulation - each category of premises, buildings, structures has its own requirements for the level of technical support for fire protection;
- The specifics of the object, both constructive and operational, affect the choice of equipment and the order of its placement.
Calculator for calculating the cost of installation by area
| Name | Quantity | price, rub. | Cost, rub. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of detectors | from 400 | 0 | ||
| from 600 | 0 | |||
| Light and sound annunciator | 1 | from 200 | 200 | |
| Cable | from 17 | 0 | ||
| Expendable materials | from 60 | 0 | ||
| Control and receiving device | 1 | 0 | ||
| Battery 7 Ah | 1 | from 560 | 0 | |
| 0 | ||||
| Installation work | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | price, rub. | Cost, rub. |
| Installation of detectors | 600 | 0 |
| External output equipment | 700 | 0 |
| Installation of sirens | 500 | 0 |
| Cabling | 30 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | |
| Battery installation | 1000 | 0 |
| 0 | ||
| 0 | ||
| Name | Quantity | price, rub. | Cost, rub. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total area of protected premises | ||||
| Number of protected premises | ||||
| Number of detectors | from 1500 | 0 | ||
| Number of "external" exits from the protected premises | from 3200 | 0 | ||
| Light and sound annunciator | 1 | from 2500 | 2500 | |
| Expendable materials | from 10 | 0 | ||
| Control and receiving device with GSM channel | 1 | 0 | ||
| Battery 7 Ah | 1 | from 560 | 0 | |
| Installation work | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | price, rub. | Cost, rub. |
| Installation of detectors | 600 | 0 |
| External output equipment | 700 | 0 |
| Installation of sirens | 500 | 0 |
| Installation of control and receiving devices | 350 | 0 |
| Battery installation | 1000 | 0 |
| 0 | ||
| 0 | ||
Installing a fire alarm system is a task for specialists who will calculate all the risks and carry out the work in strict accordance with regulatory requirements. Here it should be remembered that the designers and installers of fire alarm systems are responsible for the quality of the work performed. And this is a very weighty argument to entrust the installation security and fire alarm prepared people. At the same time, you should not abandon the installation just for the reason that it is necessary to involve specialists in the work. For small objects, such as an apartment, garage box, installation can be done on their own with ready-made kits. But even in this case, it is worth inviting a specialist who will select the equipment that is suitable for this particular room. And only on the basis of his recommendations it makes sense to acquire technical means and install them.
On what objects to put?
Each owner of a premises of any purpose is responsible for ensuring fire safety requirements in it. The volume of requirements depends on the type of object, the order of its use, location and a number of other factors. For a significant number of premises, primarily for public purposes, it is provided mandatory installation fire warning equipment. It can be both local in nature for informing about a fire, or included in the complex for transmitting an alarm signal to the fire department.
In relation to objects that are not included in the list, where the installation of a security and fire alarm system is mandatory, the decision on the appropriate technical equipment accepted by the owner. Often they do not consider it necessary to install even the simplest stand-alone detectors. But arbitrage practice in cases of fires, it is not in favor of such owners, because they have the duty to ensure fire safety, the courts come to the conclusion that the absence of an OPS is a fact of insufficient fulfillment of this duty, therefore, the fault of the owner of the premises in non-compliance with fire safety requirements is obvious. Such circumstances make the installation of a fire alarm system a mandatory procedure that can really protect against many negative consequences.
Work order
Installing a fire alarm system involves several steps:
- Inspection of the object;
- Development of a project with the definition of a list of equipment;
- Preparation of the object for installation;
- Installation work;
- Commissioning works.
Only such an integrated approach to installation will allow to form effective system fire alarm. It should be noted that at present such systems are of a complex nature and are designed to alert not only people in the building, but also emergency services about a fire.
Do not forget that the structure of the OPS also includes technical means for ensuring evacuation. Previously, they were only special signs of evacuation routes. At the present stage of development of technical means of protection and safety, fire safety components are integrated with other complexes, for example, access control and management, thereby forming single system emergency protection. Such a system provides for constant technical control over the state of all objects, timely transmission of a signal about an emergency situation, remote dispatching of various engineering communications. According to experts, a standard fire alarm on analog equipment can reduce the time of fire detection by three times, and in combination with automatic fire extinguishing equipment, it can provide fire localization before the arrival of the first fire brigades.
Practice shows that correct installation security and fire alarm system, a specialized organization, ensures long-term trouble-free operation of the equipment. And the installation of all devices does not end the work at the facility for the installers. any technique needs periodic maintenance. The complexity and scale of its implementation depend on the technologies used, as well as the characteristics of the facility. By the way, even the most primitive equipment installed on its own needs regular maintenance. It is desirable that such work be carried out by specialists who will not only ensure the operability of technical security equipment, but in the process of maintenance will eliminate the shortcomings of self-assembly.
Equipping buildings with a fire alarm system is an urgent need on which the lives and health of many people depend, which is much more expensive than any installation costs.
Automatic fire alarm installation price starts from 18000 rubles and depends on:
- Type of fire alarm (analogue, addressable, wireless)
- Type of sound warning system (siren, voice announcement)
- object type (warehouse, shopping center, school, office, shop, gym, complex of buildings and structures)
- Interior decoration of the object, Special attention placed on ceilings (armstrong tiles, concrete, wood, metal)
- Ceiling height
- The area of the object and the number of rooms, including corridors, vestibules
- Transport accessibility
What else needs to be done after installing a fire alarm?
After the installation of an automatic fire alarm (APS) is completed, in accordance with article 61 and 63 Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 dated April 25, 2012 “On the fire regime” the owner of the premises or the tenant (the person responsible for fire safety is registered in the lease agreement) must conclude a contract for the maintenance of a fire alarm with an organization authorized to carry out this species works on the basis of a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
A set of documents on fire safety, what does it consist of, how to prepare it yourself?
Your facility must have set of documents on fire safety, when checking the Ministry of Emergencies, he will be asked to provide it in part or in full. Learn more about what documents it includes, how to prepare them yourself and fine for their absence, you can find out in our article:
Is it necessary to install fire detectors behind a false ceiling (false ceiling, armstrong, stretch ceiling, drywall, etc.)? Those same 40 cm.
According to paragraphs 13.3.8, 13.3.11, 13.3.16 Code of Rules No. 5, if the distance from the false ceiling to the ceiling over 40 cm., then the ceiling space must be controlled by fire detectors, to which there must be access, for their maintenance and repair. On the suspended ceiling itself (false ceiling), fire alarm detectors are also installed.
What if the suspended ceiling (false ceiling) is perforated (with holes)? Where is the sensor placed, on the ceiling or perforated parts of the ceiling?
According to paragraph 13.3.16 Code of Practice No. 5, if all 4 points are met:
- perforation (holes, cells) have a uniform structure
- the area of these holes is more than 40 percent of the false ceiling area
- hole diameter or cell size greater than 10 mm
- the thickness of the suspended perforated ceiling is less than three times minimum size holes, cells
then fire alarm detectors are installed on the floor, above the false ceiling. It is understood that the smoke will pass unhindered through the cells of the perforated false ceiling and will be tracked by a fire detector on the ceiling.
Accordingly, if at least one point is not observed, fire alarm detectors are installed on false ceiling and on the floor, if it is more than 40 cm from the false ceiling.
Where and why is the manual call point IPR installed?
Manual call point (IPR) of fire alarm according to paragraph 13.13 Code of Practice No. 5 is established to be able to alert people about a fire if a fire was noticed before the fire alarm went off. The person who noticed the fire first proceeds to evacuate and, running out into the street, activates a manual call point, which turns on the fire warning system. Accordingly, manual call points are installed immediately before the exits from the building, from the floor to the stairs, on the escape routes at a height of 150 cm. The distance between manual call points inside the building must not exceed 50 meters.
How to turn off (press the button) the manual fire detector IPR?
When the manual call point of the fire alarm is activated, the button falls down so that the notification of people about the fire does not stop, in the event of a false fire alarm or accidental pressing of the manual call point button it must be turned off (press the button) with a special key. The key is supplied with the IPR and is kept by the person responsible for the operation of the fire alarm. In some IPR models, when activated, the glass breaks on front panel and to turn it off replace glass.
Is it necessary to install an "EXIT" light board and where is it installed?
According to paragraph 5 Code of Rules No. 3, the “EXIT” light board is installed in rooms where more than fifty people can be at the same time, as well as in exhibition, demonstration halls, cinemas, etc. regardless of the number of people. The "EXIT" light board is installed immediately before exiting the street, from the floor to the stairs or to the safe zone. The "EXIT" board must glow constantly and have a backup power supply that will ensure the operation of the "EXIT" board in the event of a power outage.
But, designers and our engineers strongly recommend installing “EXIT” light panels when installing a fire alarm in all rooms before going outside, a staircase where there are jobs, because it is inexpensive, and in case of smoke, its help during evacuation is invaluable.
In what cases is it necessary to install a voice warning system, and when is a siren sufficient?
Is it necessary to duplicate the signal from the fire alarm to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the fire department or to the monitoring panel of private organizations?
Installing a fire alarm is necessary first of all, to alert people about a fire or smoke in a room. The time remaining to fight the fire and evacuate people and only then to save property depends on the timeliness of the fire alarm, so duplicate the fire alarm signal to the monitoring panel of third-party organizations or the Ministry of Emergency Situations not necessary, with the exception of functional class buildings fire hazard F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 according to article 83 p.7 Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", and in article 32 p.1 of the same Federal Law says which buildings belong to these classes:
- F1.1- buildings of preschool educational organizations, specialized nursing homes and disabled people (non-apartment), hospitals, dormitory buildings of educational organizations with a boarding school and children's organizations
- F1.2– hotels, hostels, dormitories of sanatoriums and rest houses general type, campsites, motels and boarding houses
- F4.1- buildings of general educational organizations, organizations of additional education for children, professional educational organizations
- F4.2— buildings of educational organizations higher education, organizations of additional professional education
In these buildings and structures, according to article 83 p.7 it is said that duplication of the signal about the occurrence of a fire should occur without intermediaries, i.e. no one can do this private organization, but should happen directly to the MES console, for example, using PAK "Sagittarius-monitoring".
In all other buildings and structures, they can, if desired, duplicate the signal from the fire alarm in the Ministry of Emergencies using the Sagittarius-monitoring PAK or in other ways to the remote control of a third-party monitoring organization, but according to the law, do this not required.
Who is responsible for violation of fire safety requirements?
Regulated Art. 38 Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ "On Fire Safety"
Fire and security systems are in demand and are used at a variety of facilities. The complexes differ in functionality and are presented in a wide variety. Therefore, before installing the alarm, it is best to know the features different types equipment.
Alarm and its principle of operation
The security and fire complex consists of equipment that allows timely detection and notification of danger. Sensing sensors are the key element. They react to an increase in temperature, smoke, notifying the owners of a fire. The automatic fire extinguishing system is activated, sound signal about danger. So the equipment allows you to save life and property.
Sensors are placed on the ceiling
The complex of devices includes sensory devices, which are presented in the form of sensors and detectors. The processing of information received from the sensors is carried out by other devices, and the control unit allows you to control the operation of the system. The complex of devices also includes peripheral components that are connected to the control panel:
- control panel;
- printer for printing messages;
- sound and light alarms;
- short circuit isolation module.
All devices interact with each other, providing timely notification of the owners of the house about the danger. The complete set of the system may differ in functionality, the type of elements used, but the security and fire system works as efficiently as possible when properly configured.
Project and calculation
For the arrangement of the system of the security and fire complex in the room, the correct project is important, which allows you to create a complex that meets established requirements. A single standard assumes that the system complies with the basic norms, which is necessary for the correct and effective work alarms. Design is milestones. The premises are inspected, and in this process the specialist receives the information necessary to calculate the parameters. And also the design involves taking into account the following requirements of GOST:
- conductive outer or internal pipes design according to the ring method. Conductive installations can be dead-end, but only for control nodes in the amount of less than three. The length of the outer dead-end wire should not exceed 200 m;
- sanitary-technical or industrial, complex equipment cannot be connected to pipelines that provide power to the fire extinguishing system;
- pipelines are attached to the main structural elements of the house, but are not a support for other structures;
- the estimated volume of water for the fire extinguishing system must be stored in water tanks, but it is important to provide for the presence of devices that prevent the flow of liquid for other needs;
- the period of filling the calculated volume during local extinguishing cannot exceed 180 s.
When calculating, it is worth considering that one sensor controls a square in space with sides equal to the height of the ceiling, but not more than 4 m. Design and calculation of systems are carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST R 50800, as well as GOST 3262. NPB 88–2001 is often the main document , according to which the pipeline complex is being equipped.
Fire alarm: types of systems
There are basic types of fire and security alarms that differ in parameters, functionality and installation rules. Complexes of various levels of complexity are necessary for warning about a fire and differ in the principle of operation.
Conventional fire alarm
The conventional system involves the use of receiving and control devices that measure the current in the alarm loop with installed detectors. These elements can be in the states: "fire" or "normal". If a fire is detected, then the internal resistance in the detector changes abruptly, as well as the current in the system loop. As a result, an emergency alert is generated.
The scheme of traditional signaling is simple
Address-analogue complex
This set of equipment control panel(PKP) is a monoblock with one or more loops. They have a ring structure. At the same time, it is easy to connect up to 200 elements to one loop. The ring complex includes the following components:
- addressable automatic fire detectors;
- addressable manual fire detectors;
- address relays;
- address annunciators;
- control modules.
AT addressable analog system the detector is not responsible for the decision about the presence of a fire, but is only a measuring device. The sensor sends information to the control panel about the received parameters, which makes it possible to distinguish between a malfunction in the detector's electrical circuit and dust accumulation in the smoke chamber. Equipment of this type for making a decision about a fire does not use single indicators, but pre-prepared information about the state of the controlled space. In this case, spasmodic short interference, but persistent indicators, signals from a real ignition source are taken into account.
The system is efficient and easy to operate
Threshold type system with radial loops
In complex threshold type with radial loops, there are special fire alarms that are already set to a certain threshold or level for triggering. A thermal sensitive sensor is responsible for the decision to ignite when a certain temperature threshold occurs, and then an alert is given. The peculiarity of the complex lies in the radial form of the topology of the cables. So from the central unit, loops-beams of wires with connected detectors are diverted. Up to 30 notification elements can be connected to one beam. When one of them is triggered, the main panel displays the loop number, but it is impossible to get other information.
The design of the threshold system is quite simple
Threshold alarm with modular structure
Systems of this type do not have a central control panel. It has been replaced with interconnected blocks that are placed next to sensitive sensors. Such blocks receive signals from 100 or more loops. When installing an alarm system with a model structure on large area you need to increase the capacity of the receivers by setting additional blocks. Receiving devices transmit signals to the main panel. In this system, one- or two-threshold wire loops are also installed. With the help of the latter option, it is easy to detect a fire and find out about its level.
Modern types of sensors
Sensors various types are present in the security and fire alarm systems of any type. Their number and functionality may be different, but it is thanks to sensitive devices that the system reacts to a fire. The classification of devices depends on the type of the transmitted signal, the variant of the monitored parameter change, and also depending on the location and type of the sensor. Sensitive devices are also classified according to their purpose, and one system may include several types of elements. This ensures the functionality of the fire alarm system.
temperature sensor
Thermal devices that are sensitive to an increase in the temperature in the room are always present in the fire and security alarm. The action of such a device is activated when the air temperature in the controlled environment rises. Some devices work depending on the change electrical resistance depending on temperature changes, and in other cases, deformable structures are used.
Sensors also differ in appearance
Smoke detectors
Sensing components that are triggered by the appearance of smoke are in demand and effective option for security and fire alarms. They quickly detect manifestations of smoke and allow you to take timely action. necessary actions. For example, a short circuit in electrical wiring often occurs with poor oxygen access and is characterized by a long smoldering period. In this case, the smoke detector gives the necessary signal and the fire extinguishing system is activated, if such a design is provided for in the project.
The smoke detector is inconspicuous on the ceiling
Flame sensor: principle of operation and features
High-quality flame sensors actively respond to open fire or a smoldering hearth. Devices are practically not used in residential areas, but they are effective in industrial or open areas. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the flame is always accompanied by electromagnetic radiation, the degree of which depends on the intensity and temperature of the fire. Radiation is divided into visible, infrared and ultraviolet. The sensitive component of the device quickly captures such manifestations in one or more ranges. Often such sensors are used in the gas and petrochemical industries.
The appearance of the flame sensor is quite simple.
gas sensor
This device is rarely used in automatic alarms extinguishing, as there is a high risk of false alarms. For domestic purposes, the sensor is effective and notifies you of a gas leak from communications. The device reacts to manifestations of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Installation and connection of fire and security alarms
Mounting security and fire system requires proper design, which is carried out taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, the type of sensors and other factors. On the initial stage work, you need to calculate all the parameters of the system, which only a specialist can do. This is due to the complexity of the signaling, which includes many devices.
The system may include several types of sensors
A simple warning system can be installed in a private residential building or apartment. In this case, you need to select devices with optimal performance and determine where to install them.
Recommendations in video format allow you to master the installation technology in stages. You can learn the features of installing and connecting devices in a private house from the video instructions.
Video: fire alarm installation
Installation of fire detectors
Before installing the system, determine the location of the sensors. Sensitive devices are optimal in areas of high fire risk: in the kitchen, in the living room with a fireplace. In the house, appliances are installed to the boiler room in the presence of a gas heating boiler. In this case, it is best to use combined sensors that will react to an open flame, smoke, gas.
For installation, you need to determine the number of sensors
For proper functioning, it is necessary to take into account the rules for choosing a place and mounting sensitive elements:
- the distance between the sensors should be from 9 m, and from the corners and walls - 4.5 m;
- the correct scheme is the key to the correct arrangement of elements;
- sensors are installed at a distance from sources of heat and flame;
- in narrow and long corridors First of all, you need to take into account the gap between the sensors.
Operation of the alert system
For domestic use local warning systems are often used. The complexes may not have a common centralized control, and the sound signal is recorded in advance. The system assumes the presence of an amplifier, as well as a speech processor. The disadvantage is expressed in the fact that with the help of the equipment it is impossible to quickly manage the evacuation. Control is important when unusual situation or in the case of rapidly changing events.
Possible malfunctions after installation
All malfunctions of the fire and security alarm are often associated with incorrect installation of sensors. In case of violation of the norms of the distance between the elements or when they are close to heating devices, a constant beep may be emitted. The following factors can lead to a malfunction:
- low quality sensors;
- electromagnetic interference;
- strong acoustic vibrations;
- ingress of dust, insects into the sensors;
- device design failure.
If any violations are detected, it is best to remove the alarm, determine the cause and troubleshoot. In any case, you should not use low-quality devices that will not ensure safety.
How to remove the alarm with your own hands?
The dismantling of the security and fire alarm system includes the removal of all the elements that make up the complex. If sound alert is false, you should verify this. In the absence of a source of ignition, smoke or gas leakage, the sensors must be turned off. To do this, they remove the battery or turn it off from the centralized control panel. For temporary deactivation of sensors in only one room, cover the sensitive element with adhesive tape or film.
Fire alarm sensors are important components of the system. The correct operation of the entire complex of devices depends on the quality of their connection. You can learn how to install and connect using video recommendations.
Video: connecting sensors
The security and fire alarm system is effective and ensures safety. Correct installation and choice of sensors - important points for the correct operation of the system. To do this, design is carried out, as well as the features are mastered and the characteristics of the devices are selected.
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