How to assemble a house from a bar. Do-it-yourself log cabin. Unloading building materials

Many land owners, choosing the right building material for the construction of a residential building, come to the conclusion that it is more profitable to build a house from a bar with their own hands. A residential building made of wood is considered the most environmentally friendly, and today this material is increasingly used for the construction of residential buildings. Ready-made offers from construction companies are not available to everyone due to their high cost. However, having studied the features of the construction of such buildings, you can gradually begin to build a house from a bar on your own.

List of advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a log house:

Environmental friendliness. Timber as a material for building a house is the most environmentally friendly of all existing ones.
Comfortable temperature and humidity in the rooms.
Good soundproofing.
Saving Money due to the fact that there is no need to build a deep foundation, and all construction work can be done independently.
The ability to quickly build a residential building.
Attractive appearance.

The list of disadvantages of timber structures:

Risk of cracking of the building material.
When using non-dried wood, the shrinkage process of the house is carried out for a longer period.
Wood can serve as a medium for fungal formations.
This building material is subject to decay.
Glued laminated timber is not breathable.
Wood is a combustible building material.

How to calculate the size of a residential building

Before undertaking to build a house from a bar, it is necessary to draw up a general plan and drawings of the future structure. You can design a visual layout either on your own or order this service from representatives of special organizations. You can also choose finished drawing from any public source.

The first stage of design, before building a house from a bar yourself, is to determine the size of the future building. Calculate the dimensions of the building should be based on the available area and the needs of residents. If the free area for construction is small, but it is necessary to put a high-quality house made of timber on it for several people to live, you can consider the option of a small-sized residential building. If carefully thought out and organized usable space, even in small house everyone will be comfortable.

When we build a residential building from a bar, extra space can be created by equipping a terrace or an attic room.

The average size of a residential building made of this building material is 5 × 4 m, of course, if the territory allows. The size of 6 × 8 m is considered universal for residential buildings for summer cottages. Such dimensions make it possible to build a second floor.

Despite the fact that most often the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is calculated in accordance with the number of residents and the size of the plot, you usually have to focus on the available budget.

How to prepare a project yourself

Before making drawings construction project and according to them it is already correct to build a residential building, it is necessary to determine the following characteristics of the site:

relief;
soil type;
groundwater level.

Only after determining these parameters, you can begin to draw up a diagram.

The fact is that all these factors have a direct impact on the characteristics of the future structure, in particular, the type of foundation being built depends on them.

If it is not planned to build basement, good option will be the construction of a columnar foundation - it is suitable even for heaving soil. Since every house project involves the construction of a building certain size, the amount of building materials used must be calculated in advance. To visualize the future construction on the site, determine the area adjoining territory and the placement of the house relative to its boundaries, the plan of the house should be correlated with cadastral plan site.

Errors when creating a project

If you are using a step-by-step guide and designing a house yourself, without experience, the following mistakes should be avoided:

Lack of rationality in the preparation of the internal layout.
Unsuccessful and inconvenient arrangement of windows and doorways.
Inaccurately calculated characteristics of the operational and technical plan.

Calculation of the necessary materials

The estimate must be drawn up in advance. This will allow you to buy as much building material as is required to build a house, and not buy it again in addition. Or vice versa - after assembling a house from a bar, sometimes you have to sell excess material. To avoid such difficulties, the volume of required raw materials should be calculated in advance. The first step is to calculate the building materials of those that are needed to build a house from a bar, namely, to build walls.

The height of the ceilings is taken into account together with the thickness of the ceilings and floor covering. When counting walls from the inside and outside the thickness of the beam section is taken into account. Next, calculate the total amount of timber. To do this, the height of the wall of a wooden house must be divided by the height of one unit of building material. The result will indicate the number of rows of beams needed to build each wall. When calculating overall length beams take into account the length of the walls. The resulting number of timber boards is summed up.

Construction technology of wooden houses

Carry out the construction log house can be done by step-by-step assembly of a ready-made kit purchased at manufacturing plant. These kits are accompanied by a step-by-step plan for carrying out installation work. Each beam is fixed in a specific place with the help of ties - galvanized metal studs.

It is important to know how to properly build a house from a bar and in what sequence to perform operations. Phased construction residential structure is as follows:

Foundation laying.
Rechecking geometric calculations.
Laying waterproofing.
Installation of the lower level - laying the first row.
Cross-shaped fastening of wood in a longitudinal intersection.
Assembling the remaining timber boards with laying insulation material between them.
Installation of ceilings between floors.
Installation of ceilings in the form of beams.
Installation of the truss system, taking into account the 2% shrinkage of the glued beam.
Laying roofing material.
Floor insulation.
Wall insulation.
Installation of partitions.
Carrying out engineering communications.
Wooden flooring on the terrace.
Window installation.
Door installation.

All about foundation types

Foundation under a private house may be one of the existing varieties:

column design;
tape type;
slab manufacturing technology.

The columnar foundation for the construction of houses is considered the least difficult to install, it can be built quickly. The disadvantage of this design is the separate placement of the pillars. When erecting a pile foundation, in contrast to a column foundation, the piles are connected using a reinforced concrete slab. The tape type foundation is represented by several subspecies of structures, each of which has different functionality. The foundation, which has the same cross section, is intended for the construction of overall residential buildings. If the log house is small and light, one that can be built alone, you can use a shallow foundation - more budgetary in cost, but no less reliable. A reinforced concrete slab is laid as a slab foundation. Craft this framework to build a house from a bar, you can from a large number concrete and rebar.

Wall construction stage

In order to assemble the walls, you need to prepare all the building materials at the construction site. At the corners, lumber boards can be connected both with and without a ledge.

Connecting the first crown and fixing the board to the foundation. To connect the initial crown of a private house, the timber is cut along and across with the help of circular saw. Lay the first crown on the lining of the boards. To distribute the load on the foundation more evenly, floor beams should be placed on the wood linings. Underlayment boards and construction timber it is recommended to treat with an antiseptic.

How to lay the second and subsequent crowns. Gusset lumber boards are carried out with root spikes. If the beam is shorter than the length of the wall, it must be spliced. The second crown is laid on the first one, observing the angular joints and, if necessary, splicing the length of the boards.

How to connect timber boards and use a dowel. Before you start connecting the crowns on the blocks of a house under construction from a simple bar, you need to make markings for the installation of dowels. Square dowels are considered the most reliable view connections that do not prevent shrinkage.

What are the ways to lengthen the beam. You can lengthen the beam in the following ways:

docking;
use of root spikes;
in half a tree;
dovetail technique.

How to caulk a timber house during shrinkage. While the shrinkage process is taking place, it is permissible to use the following materials for caulking a residential building:

jute matter;
tow;
lnovatin.

How to lay the floor

Insulating material, which also serves as sound insulation, is placed between two layers of the floor structure. The draft floor is created using edged boards.

How to insulate walls and floors

Material for insulation of walls and floors can serve:

sawdust;
mineral wool;
penofol;
Styrofoam.

If a bar with a section of 150x150 mm was used during the construction of the house, additional insulation floors can be omitted.

Carrying out roofing work

The roof frame should consist of the following elements:

a pediment made of timber board, which serves as the end part of the structure;
rafters - the main part of the roof structure;
Mauerlat beam support;
brace;
rack.

What is the interior decoration and how to build a staircase

In the list of installation works for interior decoration Includes flooring and wall finishing. To build yourself from scratch interfloor wooden stairs, you will need to carry out the following installation work:

Mounting stringers.
Cutting openings to accommodate steps.
Installing the string.
Mounting risers.
Mounting steps.
Railing installation.

Despite the presence of shortcomings, many people prefer to build a residential building from a bar. However, even professional builders before making a house, they draw up a visual plan of its construction, and when implementing this plan, it is imperative to observe step by step instructions for installation work. You can find it in specialized construction manuals.

If you thoughtfully approach the study of theory, you will learn how to build a durable house from a bar with your own hands.

The main advantages of this construction equipment are considered to be relatively low cost, the ability to independently carry out all stages of construction, as well as the fact that construction can be completed in a short time.

No matter how surprising it sounds, but building a house from a bar with your own hands is a very real task and many can do it. To do this, you need to take care of the purchase of building material: first of all, timber. It can be glued or profiled material. The manufacturing procedure of these two types is different from each other, but the process of building a house has practically no differences. If this is important to you, then construction will allow you to save on payment. work force, since it does not require a large team - only 3-4 people are enough.

As for the involvement of special equipment, it is also not required. All that is needed is a concrete mixer, a pump for it, a winch, an electric or chainsaw, as well as a number of other tools that are always at hand. And about how to build a house from a bar, you will learn further.

Characteristics of a house made of timber

Please note that timber is mainly used in low-rise construction, the structures of which do not have more than three floors. What can be obtained as a result?

First, everything performance characteristics beams have positive properties.
Secondly, its environmental friendliness will create a high-quality microclimate in the room.
Thirdly, a house made of timber looks very beautiful and stylish.

Agree that all this is very important. If we compare timber and logs, then it can be noted that the first, since it has rectangular shape will be more useful. The same walls built from it have flat surface. Therefore, you will not have additional problems associated with interior and exterior decoration.

Additionally, when building a house from a bar, you do not have to worry about the fact that as a result of the construction of walls, so-called cold bridges can form. This is due to the tight fit. constituent parts, again related to their shape. How to build and how to insulate a house from a bar, what to use for processing and other nuances will be discussed further.

Some general information

With the help of a bar, you can easily realize all the most daring fantasies and dreams. It can be used in the construction of a cottage of impressive size, for an ordinary one-story house, for a small cottage or a fairy-tale tower.

Elements such as a balcony, terrace or veranda can be added to the building structure. All of them will be quite appropriate and elegant to fit into the overall style.

A house with large dimensions can be decorated with a multi-pitched roof. This option looks very beautiful and elegant.

If you turn to professionals to create a project, you will get a result that will take into account all the features. In particular, the qualities and properties of the soil will be taken into account, the calculation required material And technological features. But how to build a house from a bar is the second question, first you need to take care of a reliable foundation.

Laying the foundation for a house from a bar

Since the timber structure has a fairly large weight, it will require you to have a solid foundation that meets the quality of reliability.

If your project involves the construction of a basement or cellar, it is best to opt for the tape option.
In case of detection of wet and silty soil, a foundation on screw piles is best suited.
If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is not very large, you can use a slab foundation. This option will allow you to create a base that simultaneously performs the functions of a subfloor on the ground floor.

Have you chosen the option with a pile foundation with a grillage? Its technology provides for the installation of concrete piles into the deepening. by the most the best option for his device is loose soil, which has a high degree of freezing.

As for the strip foundation, then to its positive qualities include the ability to withstand high loads, as well as its construction without the use of special equipment. Additionally, it is distinguished by simple technology execution. This type of foundation is the most common and is ideal for private homes. That is why its device will be discussed further.

Technological process

Initial actions include marking around the entire perimeter of the future building. Be sure to note the location of the walls inside the house, which will be load-bearing.

Further, trenches are arranged along the marked markings. Their width should exceed the width of future walls by approximately 10 cm.
If the basement is indicated in the plan, then you need to start arranging the pit (to organize a cellar, it is enough to dig a hole). Minimum size the depth of the ditch under the foundation must be at least 60 cm, while exceeding the level of soil freezing.
At the very bottom of the trench, a device is being sand cushion, then a layer of gravel. Both of these layers should be at least 10 cm. You also need to take care of their careful leveling.
Another mandatory procedure is moistening and subsequent tamping of sand to achieve the desired density. The next layer will be concrete mix. Usually 5 cm is enough.

Formwork construction technology, reinforcement procedures and subsequent concreting

In order to make a removable formwork, you will need a 25 mm board. From it will need to bring down the shields. Their elevation above the upper edge of the trench should correspond to a value of 40 cm. To prevent the completed formwork from moving, it is necessary to install special spacers.

As for the reinforcement procedure, it will need metal bars with a section of 10 mm. The frame made of them is located both along and across. The junctions of the rods located in different directions are fixed with a knitting wire. Pay attention to the fact that the formwork and rods do not come into contact with each other. The gap between them should correspond to an indicator of 5 cm.

The concrete mixture for pouring the foundation is prepared in one of two ways. For example, you can use the proportion of cement and sand 1: 3, the brand of cement in this case should be M400. Another variant concrete mix 1:4:4 is prepared, where the first component is cement, the second is sand, and the third consists of specialized additives. The brand of cement in this proportion is also M400.
Mixing of concrete is carried out using a concrete mixer, and pouring is done using a pump. The most important thing is to prevent the appearance of air bubbles in the mixture itself. A vibrator will help you with this.

As with other types of work with concrete, the surface must be moistened before it dries completely. This will allow the concrete to dry not too quickly, which means it will increase its quality. After pouring the foundation, it is necessary to wait approximately 28-30 days and only then proceed to next steps work.

How to build a log house from a bar

The consumption will depend on which of the methods for assembling a log house you choose. building materials and the amount of money spent. The frame construction option is considered the least consumable. But today is not about that. Next, the classic method of assembling a log house will be considered.

The most optimal types of wood are the following options: spruce, larch and pine. Any of them is quite easy to process and has affordable price. How to lay the beam correctly? For the answer to this question, it is best to contact professional builders.

Laying the very first crown is made on the insulation layer. It is very good if it will be two layers.
Hot bitumen is applied between the layers. Simply put, the first layer is bitumen, then roofing material, again bitumen and again roofing material. Please note that the dimension of the insulation (width) must be approximately 35 cm larger than the foundation.
The following steps are carried out exclusively with a bar. In the process of these works, a fair question arises: how to process the timber? For these purposes, it is necessary to use an antiseptic composition. This is done in advance. This processing will ensure reliable protection from moisture, bacteria and pests.

In addition to the antiseptic for the treatment of timber, a composition is used that has the properties of fire protection. by the most the best way processing, it is considered to apply the compositions to each beam separately, since the already assembled building cannot be processed completely, the docking points will remain unaffected. However, it is up to you to decide how to process a house from a bar. The main thing is that the materials used are of high quality and meet the necessary requirements.

The first part laid on the foundation must have a rigid attachment to the base, passing through the waterproofing layer. It will also be used to fix the ebb, the function of which is to protect the walls from possible precipitation. Laying the first crown can be done in several ways. The first of them involves the use of a lining board, the second - transverse rails.

As for the second option, its use will allow you to get an additional gap, that is, ventilation. The rails (10 mm) are fastened in increments of 30 cm. At this stage, the horizontal position of all parts should be carefully controlled. The most suitable for these purposes is the laser level.

The cross section of a profiled or glued beam is usually 140x140 mm or 90x140. front part may be flat, or may be convex.

Factory production involves the application of special tongue-and-groove joints on its upper and lower sides. This option allows you to most tightly and rigidly connect the parts of the house to each other.
Between the rows of timber, it is necessary to place a jute insulation specially designed for this purpose. The crown connection is made by driving the dowel about 30 cm, the step of this fastening is 1 m.

The jute insulation mentioned above will help you avoid the formation of cold bridges in winter period. It will also prevent the occurrence of condensation, which means it will reduce the chances of the appearance of a fungus inside the wood, which in turn will significantly extend the life of the building. The jute insulation is fastened using a construction stapler.

Ways to lengthen the beam

It often happens that it is necessary to connect two beams in order to obtain a length corresponding to the size of the wall of the house. This type of connection must be made correctly and accurately. The most commonly used method is in dressing, in which the vertical seam in the next row is slightly shifted in relation to the previous one.

To increase the strength of the butt joint, it is necessary to carry out washed down in half a tree in the direction along the beam. Pins are used to increase reliability.

A shorter beam is used to decorate windows and doorways. For these purposes, only whole building materials should be used, connections are not allowed. The use of another method involves making a cut in an already assembled frame. For this procedure, a chainsaw is usually used.

Basically, the construction process is quite simple, if you at least watched the construction process from the side. Of course, there are many nuances (marking, doors, windows, etc.), but if you want to build a house from a bar, it is quite realistic. Good luck!

The beam is used in the construction of private houses quite often. This is due to its environmental friendliness and versatility. Also, this material is quite easy to use and install. The technology of building houses is simple and does not require much time. To understand how a log house is assembled from a bar on its own, you should familiarize yourself with the process in more detail.

general information

The beam is made from solid tree trunks. They are cut from 4 sides, resulting in rectangular building elements.

There are several types of timber:

glued - consists of lamellas connected together;
profiled timber - has grooves, due to which it securely adheres to adjacent structural elements;
regular - has a rectangular or square shape.

Advice! Raw timber is cheaper than other types of material.

Particular attention should be paid to profiled timber. It is usually equipped with special grooves on both sides. Thanks to this solution, the connection various elements happens easily and quickly. At the same time, cracks and distortions do not form in the timber.

It is also worth mentioning the features of glued beams. This material is made from different elements, which are glued together with special composition. Such a beam does not dry out over time. It also doesn't show cracks.

Design

To install a log house from a bar with your own hands, you will need good preparation. In any case, construction begins with a project. It should reflect the dimensions of the building, the materials used, as well as a drawing of the building with detailed description. This will allow you to build just such a house from a bar that will meet all the needs of the customer. In addition, with the help of design, it is possible to accurately calculate the amount of materials used.

At the stage of designing a house from a bar, it is worth considering a lot of little things that you will have to face in the future:

it is necessary to decide where the material will be purchased, as well as where it will be stored until the start of construction;
what communications will be carried out to the site, and which ones have already been carried out;
it is also necessary to contact the local architectural bureau for permission before starting work;
budgeting - milestone building a house from a bar.

Attention! When calculating the dimensions of the building, the cross section of the beam should be taken into account. The standard parameters are 100x100 and 200x200 mm.

Also a fairly popular option is a bar 15x15cm. After finishing preparatory phase construction can begin.

Building

In the process of building a house from a bar, you will need to complete a number of subsequent steps, starting with pouring the foundation and ending with the construction of the roof. Each of them will require the most responsible approach to work.

Foundation

The durability of a house made of timber depends on the quality of the poured foundation. Such work is one of the most important when building a house. In addition, the construction of the foundation is the most difficult stage. However, subject to all the subtleties, such work can be done independently.

First, you should decide what type of foundation to choose for a house from a bar. Especially popular among private developers is strip foundation. It is usually built for multi-level buildings. You can also install a pile or monolithic foundation. In the latter case, the cost of pouring the foundation will be significant. In addition, such foundations are usually not erected for a beam - wooden structures are light in weight.

What type of foundation will be chosen for a house made of timber depends on the characteristics of the landscape of the site. Foundation costs are equal to 30% of the budget of the entire building. The filling process is quite complicated, so you have to be patient.

Advice! To make the installation of the foundation of a house from a bar faster and more convenient, you can purchase screw piles. They are installed within 1 day.

Laying the first crown

First, the bottom trim is laid. This structural element is more exposed to bad weather and insects than others. The foundation should be as level as possible. The first crown is always treated with an antiseptic. This will ensure its full protection from various negative influences.

Important! When laying the exterior walls of a house from a bar, it is worth using a bar of 150x150 mm. On device internal partitions and beams for the floor, it is better to choose a beam of 100x50 mm.

Flooring and walls

After installation bottom strapping lay the logs of the flooring of the house from a bar. It is better if they are mounted on edge. Logs are sewn up with a rough floor. It should be made from boards 25x150 mm. The work on laying the floor is completed with the laying of the final coating. Usually it is made of sheet pile.

Walls

Walls are built quite simply. In the process of work, you just need to lay the bars on top of each other. The main thing is to correct installation first crown. To fasten the rows vertically, use special elements - dowels. They exclude twisting of a bar or its displacement. Wood or metal can be used as a material for dowels.

When choosing wooden pins, they are made from the type of wood from which the beam itself is made. Metal dowels differ in greater reliability and price.

The driving of the pins is carried out, as in the case with brickwork. Nagels are hammered through several rows through one. Under the pins, holes of the appropriate diameter should be pre-drilled. It is necessary that the pins are inserted without effort. Install them every one and a half meters.

Important! To insulate the walls and give them greater strength, a sealant should be laid between the rows. Tow should be used as the material.

It is best to perform a corner connection of the type " warm corner". Corners with this connection are not blown. Partitions must be cut into the main walls. Their installation is carried out after the construction of the frame.

Window openings are sawn after laying the timber. Then the house must be left for 1-2 years to shrink. Only after that you can install the doors and windows themselves.

Roof

beams ceiling, as well as the truss system and the crate are laid according to the project. The drawings should indicate all materials used and the dimensions of each element. After the walls are built, it is necessary to lay logs protruding 50 cm beyond the base.

To make the roof as reliable as possible, you should choose a beam of 150x100 mm. wooden elements mounted on edge. There should be 90 cm between them. After that, you need to collect truss system. For her, it is better to choose boards 5x15 cm. This design will be the basis of the roof, so it should be strengthened with crossbars, braces and racks.

After the frame is installed, you can start laying out the fronts. Their frame is made of timber 150x150 mm. Board or siding is used as sheathing. On last step it is necessary to nail the crate of boards 2.5x15 cm. The crate should be done in increments of no more than 400 mm.

Roofing is made of various materials:

metal tile;
corrugated board;
ondulin;
ruberoid.

Usually together with the house on suburban area immediately arrange a bath. That is why its construction is worth considering in more detail.

Log bath

Construction technology in this case is not much different from the method of building a house from a bar. However, during the construction process, several features should be taken into account. There is a specific instruction for the construction of a bath:

First, the foundation is made. More optimal options are pile or tape type of foundation. Their choice depends on the characteristics of the soil.

Then choose the material. Most to build baths will do glued or profiled timber 150x150 mm, made of conifers wood.

The first crown is laid on top of it, as well as logs for flooring and partitions inside the building. The floor must be sloped towards the drain. The drain should be equipped with a water lock so that cold air does not flow through it.

After that, it is necessary to lay the wall beams, in the "end tongue" or in the "paw". As in the construction of a house, pins can be used to fasten the crowns.

When installing the stove, it should be noted that the firebox is located in the steam room, and the water tank is in the washing department. If you have experience in building a log house, installing a bath is not difficult.

conclusions

As you can see, the creation of a log house from a bar is not very difficult. Even with little building experience, you can do all the work yourself. The result is a reliable and durable house, which will be built in the shortest possible time.

If the house will have complex structure, before construction it is worth consulting with professionals. Also, before work, it is better to prepare all the tools and materials in advance.

A house is assembled from a bar in stages. First you need to pour the foundation. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the characteristics of the soil and the number of storeys of the building. It is better to choose a strip or pile foundation. After that, walls are erected. They should have the most accurate geometry. The fastening of the crowns is carried out with the help of dowels.

All photos from the article

We suggest that you consider a step-by-step guide - how to build a house from a bar with one or another type of foundation and gable roof. It should be said right away that we will not go into the smallest details, since this material is designed for a reader who knows how to hold any instrument in his hands. About all this below in the text, and you will also be shown a thematic video in this article.

Construction stages

Note. Do not forget that the longest timber is only 6m long, and if you are planning, for example, a 7x8m house, then you will have to do docking in rows, which complicates installation.

Types of foundations used for wooden houses

Construction method:

the pillar itself is usually a masonry of brick or concrete blocks, 40-50 cm high, which mainly depends on if the slope is on a given site;
a hole is made for masonry, 20-25 cm deep and 40-50 cm wide, a sand cushion is poured there, and then poured concrete mortar. With this pillow, you can adjust the height of the column - simply by adding or removing some amount of concrete mix;
the distance between the reference points should be no more than 2m, besides, they should be at every corner and at every junction.

Construction method:

for the location of the support points, the instruction here is the same as in the case of columnar foundation– a distance of at least 2m, plus supports at each corner and at each connection;
for the construction of such a base, they take metal or asbestos-cement pipes at least 20 cm in diameter and dig it into the ground by 40-50 cm, thus obtaining a casing pipe;
then the pipe is poured with concrete and reinforced, although this is not a necessary condition for steel elements.

Construction method:

if the construction of a log house with your own hands is done on pile screw foundation, then the number of screw piles will be exactly the same as the number of stuffed piles or pillars;
such a pile is simply screwed into the ground with a lever to any depth, although you still have to cut off the excess later;
such a foundation is very convenient for areas with a large slope - the pipe simply compensates for it.

Construction method:

strip foundations can be monolithic, that is, poured into a trench or formwork with a reinforcing cage, or prefabricated - assembled from brick, stone or blocks;
the depth of the tape depends on the condition of the soil and the weight of the parent building - they are recessed and shallow;
recessed bases are used on heaving soils, and it should be 40-50 cm below the freezing point of the soil;
such foundations are considered the best for buildings of any type, although this is not always advisable, since cheaper versions can be dispensed with.

A little about the bar

The beam has not only a different cross-section and length, but also according to the type of profile - it can be profiled (have grooves for longitudinal connection). Drawdown percentage architectural structure will depend on humidity - it can be wet and dried.

Such material also differs in the type of manufacture - it is made from solid wood or glued from lamellas (the price varies greatly). Profiles can be made from different breeds wood, where the most valuable is considered Siberian larch, followed by the Ural spruce.

All these nuances must be taken into account when designing a house. The fact is that docking into a smooth fugue needs a sealing gasket (jute or linen tape) and pins for fixing.

In addition, it is very important to provide channels for communications, such as water supply, sewerage, heating, electrification and communications. It is desirable that all "wet" rooms such as a bathroom, toilet, kitchen are nearby - this will facilitate the insertion of channels.

box construction

It all starts with the installation of the strapping, which is installed on the foundation of any type, after laying the cut-off waterproofing. When we build a house from a bar with our own hands, then it is on lower crown bears the greatest load on humidity.

That is why a wedding board made of larch 50 mm thick can additionally be placed under it. Either the board or the lower crown must be impregnated with an antiseptic, which increases its operational period by an order of magnitude.

But let's figure out what benefits a wedding board brings? Sooner or later, the bottom will rot and no preparations that treat wood will help with this. But after all, replacing a board is much easier and cheaper than the whole crown!

Since ancient times, wooden houses have been considered the warmest. They create a special microclimate favorable for humans. Additional advantage such buildings - their naturalness and ecological cleanliness. Of course, building a house from a log is a task that only a master can do. But today there are many other wood materials on sale that are quickly and easily mounted. So, for example, you can easily build houses from timber with your own hands. In our article, we will describe in stages how to build such a house, and also talk about the intricacies of building a house from a bar - a video of the installation process is attached.

general information

A log house is a beautiful building with an optimal microclimate and humidity inside, which are achieved due to the fact that the tree has a special structure that provides air microcirculation in the walls. Wooden houses they are good because in summer they are practically not hot, and in winter they perfectly retain heat.

You can build a wooden house from several types of timber:

Glued laminated timber is an element that consists of individual coniferous wood lamellas glued together.
Profiled timber is made from solid wood.
Ordinary bar.

The first two products have grooves for tight hermetic fixation of adjacent elements. Also, the elements may differ in humidity:

Dry material after chamber drying is much better and shrinks less.
Wood natural humidity subject to shrinkage, deformation and cracking.

Important: glued and profiled timber is the most popular. Products can be square or rectangular section. And the thorn-and-groove system makes it easy to install.

That is why the construction of houses from a bar is most often carried out using one of these two materials, because you can build such a house with your own hands. In addition, a house built from this material, does not need external and internal finishing. Assembling a house from a bar is quick and easy due to the presence of a factory scheme, and standard projects such buildings are easy to find on the net. To give you an idea of how to properly build a house from a bar, we offer detailed video material.

Foundation

Building a house from a bar with your own hands should begin with the construction of a foundation. Since the timber building is light in weight, a lightweight foundation can be laid. So, you can choose the following types of base:

If the house will be built with a basement or cellar, then it is better to use a monolithic strip foundation. For construction without a basement, it is better to make a shallow tape.
You can also build a house from a bar on a pile-screw base with a grillage. This type of construction is more suitable for wet, loose and silty soils.
Sometimes a columnar structure is used as a base. The pillars are made of concrete blocks and installed in 1.5 m increments.
In some cases, the best option would be a monolithic slab foundation. In this case, you do not need to spend money on arranging the floor.

Since the strip foundation is most often used, consider the sequence of its implementation in detail:

First of all, the preparation of the site and the marking of the future structure are carried out.
Further under all external and internal bearing walls digs a trench 10 cm wide more than the thickness of the walls.
At the bottom of the trench, a sand and gravel cushion 15 cm high is made. The sand is wetted with water and rammed.
Wooden formwork is being installed.
After that, the concrete is poured with a layer 5 cm high.
A reinforcing cage is installed in the formwork so that up to the very formwork structure he did not approach more than 5 cm.
Concrete mortar is poured and rammed.
During the hardening process, the concrete is moistened with water and covered with a film.
After 28 days, you can proceed with the installation of walls.

Wall and floor installation

You can easily understand how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, with our step by step guide. Before laying the first row of beams, it is necessary to perform horizontal waterproofing foundation. To do this, its surface is covered with two layers of roofing material on bituminous mastic.

You can make your own house from a bar 150 mm thick if construction is carried out in the warm regions of our country. Otherwise, it is better to take a bar with a thickness of 200 mm. Under the first crown, it is necessary to lay a lining board 50 mm thick. It is better to use a board made of larch wood.

Important: the lining board and the first crown are treated with flame retardants and antiseptics before laying.

Regardless of the method of laying the remaining crowns, the first crown is mounted in a "half-tree". Corner connection in this case can be performed in a "half-tree", with the help of a root spike, end-to-end.
After installing the first and second crowns, they begin to install a log for arranging the floor. If the basement of the house allows, then the logs can be laid on it. Otherwise, they crash into the first crown. Step lag 40-70 cm. The larger the step, the greater the thickness of the subfloor boards (25-40 mm).
Then, cranial bars are attached to the lags on the sides, on which roll-up boards are laid.
Next comes the waterproofing layer. It should go around the lags themselves.
After that, in the gaps between the lags on the boards of the roll and the waterproofing is laid thermal insulation material.
After that, the entire structure is covered with a layer of vapor barrier.
Subfloor installation in progress.

The nuances of mounting walls:

Laying the next crown is carried out after the surface of the previous element is laid tape insulation, tow, waiting or linen. The insulation is fixed with a stapler.
The beams are fastened together wooden dowels. To do this, holes are drilled in the beams in increments of 1.5 m: the upper beam is drilled through, and the lower beam is half drilled. A dowel is driven into the holes and recessed 1 cm deep.
In the process of laying the timber in places of window and doorways temporary supports are installed. They are made from unedged board according to the size of the openings.
Installation of internal partitions is carried out only after the construction of the box. They crash into the main walls.

If the house has a second floor, we build a house from a bar with our own hands in the following sequence:

After completing the walls of the first floor in the last crown, we make slots for laying floor beams. Additionally, we fix the beams with steel corners. Beam spacing 70 cm.
We lay the subfloor.
We hem the beams with clapboard from below. So we get the ceiling of the first floor.
Next, we install the walls in the same way as the first floor.

Building the roof of a house

Even if houses from a bar are a building seasonal residence, the process of installing the roof should be given maximum attention. Most often in wooden houses make duo-pitch or broken roofs. If you choose a gable option, you can equip a comfortable attic, which can serve as a living space.

The last crown will be used as a Mauerlat. The installation of the roof is carried out in the following sequence:

The easiest way to pair rafter legs on the ground. By connecting them with puffs, we get a rigid structure, like a truss, which can be easily installed on the roof.
First, install the two extreme pairs of rafter legs. That is, we get two pediments.
Next, we connect them with a ridge beam.
Now you can install all subsequent rafter pairs. Their step is taken equal to 90 cm.
On the surface of the rafters we spread the vapor barrier. We fasten it with a stapler and additionally fix it with counter rails, which we stuff onto the rafters.
We fill the crate across the direction of laying the counter rail. Lathing pitch 40 cm. If the coating is made of soft roll material, then we perform a continuous crate from OSB.
Now you can proceed to laying the selected roofing.

From the inside, the roof must be thoroughly insulated. To do this, we lay heat-insulating material (mineral wool) in the gaps between the lags. We close the entire structure from below vapor barrier membrane. Now you can hem the attic ceiling with clapboard.

Further work

If the house was built from glued beams, then the installation of windows and doors, as well as finishing, can be started immediately. When installing from other materials, you need to wait 3-6 months, during which the house will shrink, and only after that proceed with further work.

After shrinkage, all cracks and cracks formed on the walls must be sealed with mastic or caulked. Now you can start the installation window frames and door blocks. In a house made of profiled and glued laminated timber, there is no need to finish, because the walls look beautiful anyway. If the walls are made of ordinary timber, then they should be sanded, painted or varnished. The outer surface of the walls of a house made of ordinary timber also needs to be finished. It can be made from different building materials - lining, vinyl siding, bricks, etc.

Care

In order for a house made of timber to last as long as possible, it must be properly looked after:

Once every 3-4 years protective covering wood needs to be renewed.
To avoid rotting of the walls, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the foundation. It should not be flooded with surface and ground waters.

Do-it-yourself log house - video: