Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) - genus coniferous trees pine family. The needles of the larch are soft and fall off every autumn like foliage - hence the name of the tree. The size of the tree reaches at the base 2.5m in diameter and 50m in height. The age of larch is usually 700-1000 years, but there are trees in some areas up to 1300 years old. Larch in Russia grows from the border with the forest-steppe to the northern border of the forest. In the European part, it can be found in the northwestern regions, but it occupies the most extensive areas in Siberia and Far East. Only larch growing in Siberia is valued for construction. Since the climate is milder in the European territory, larch wood is much looser and comparable to ordinary pine, where the thickness of annual rings reaches 4 mm.
All larches produce an average hardwood, rather hard, easily split, almost not inflamed. Low shrinkage; does not show a tendency to desorption and deformation of cracks; Dry well. Fresh wood is quite difficult to cut due to leaking dense resin; Dry wood is good for work. Difficult even after brewing. Suitable for woodworking. Polished and polished, poorly stained; Before dyeing, nutrition is necessary. Wood resistant to alkalis and acids. It is made of lumber wood, veneer, port and bridge piles.
Properties and uses of Siberian larch wood
- Larch wood is very resistant to decay. Biological stability (i.e. susceptibility to destruction by fungi and insects) of larch wood is twice as high as that of pine. By European standard EN 350-2; 1994, it belongs to the group of very resistant species, while pine wood belongs to the group of moderately resistant. Such qualities of larch are determined by a combination of high density, high resin content, as well as the specific composition of the resin. A textbook example of the durability of larch is the larch piles on which Venice has stood for more than 1000 years. And the piles do not require replacement. The high resistance of larch to decay and biological resistance is due to the use of larch in places where wood is in contact with water and earth: exterior decoration of houses, decoration of swimming pools, piers, wooden floors in open areas and verandas, various paths, piles, etc.
- Larch wood has high hardness and strength. The hardness of larch is almost equal to the hardness of oak, and the compressive, tensile and bending strength is higher than that of oak. Combination beautiful texture with high hardness and strength allows Siberian larch to be widely used as a finishing material for floor coverings designed to be used by many generations.
- Larch wood is very beautiful - it has a pronounced structure, has a kind of silky sheen and rich color scheme in 12 shades: from light yellow to reddish and golden brown.
- Larch wood is valuable because it has few knots and other defects. This allows you to make from larch Decoration Materials the highest quality. The outstanding aesthetic properties of larch allow it to be used in interior design, to which the highest demands are made.
- Larch wood has a high fire resistance (about twice as high as that of pine). Such data are provided by the Moscow State University the woods.
Various types of wood have long been used as environmentally friendly and reliable building materials. Until recently, two types of softwood- spruce and pine. But today the situation has changed somewhat and as the main building material larch is increasingly being chosen as the most efficient and cost-effective profitable solution. This is primarily due to its main operational, mechanical and aesthetic properties.
Larch wood with its appearance comparatively similar to pine wood, but differing from it in color, which in larch has a distinct shade of reddish, and not brownish-yellow, like pine wood. White is usually thicker in larch wood than in pine and has a distinct yellowish or yellowish-reddish tinge. Annual jars are very larch in larch due to the wide layer late tree and, like pine, slightly wavy. Resin cords are usually smaller and less numerous than pine forest.
Larch wood is very strong and durable, which is an indispensable condition for the use of wood in the construction industry of all kinds; That is why it is a first-class wood, and in this respect it ranks first among all types of wood. When used in hydraulic structures, if it is completely immersed in water, it is perfectly equal to oak. The fame of larch larch has long been known in construction, especially in Polish construction.
Advantages of larch over other types of wood.
First of all, I would like to consider such a parameter as strength, which is evaluated by a combination of hardness indicators, chipping and statistical bending along the fibers, tensile strength, end hardness, as well as by tension and compression along the fibers. By all these features, larch is noticeably superior to pine, spruce, fir and even cedar (by 30-60%) and comes close to the characteristics of one of the most durable materials- oak.
Buildings, churches and other buildings were built in larch timber; some of them have survived for centuries and have survived to the present day; Although many of them are not built from larch, but, as anatomical studies of pine and pine tree, some of them have larch and show a very good condition of the wood without any deterioration. As mentioned earlier, the reason for this was the similarity of the features of old pine and larch wood and their simultaneous “beating”. In the brain word, the growing larch was often called "pine".
In addition, larch is characterized by the highest rates of fire resistance, water resistance, heat capacity and biostability. According to research by the Moscow State University of Forests, the fire resistance of the material is two times higher than that of pine. In terms of water resistance, larch is the only material that, when exposed to humid environment(water) for a long time not only does not rot, but also becomes so strong that stone-cutting equipment has to be used to process it. The biostability of larch is the highest among all types of wood used in construction. Due to its amazing natural protective properties, it is not susceptible to damage by harmful bacteria, woodworms, fungi and rot, and also has maximum resistance to decomposition and decay.
Larch wood is very good for carpentry because it is very beautiful drawing. Also looking for larch wood for tiles. Naturally, in our country, due to the small resources of larch wood, it has great importance in the joinery industry. As firewood, larch wood also has first-class quality, has a higher calorific value, how pine wood.
Last but not least, the resin, whose yield is not too high, is valued and valued for turpentine. This turpentine is called Venetian turpentine. In the case of larch processing on industrial enterprises there are difficulties caused by exposure of tools. For this reason, the industry is not always willing to accept larger batches of raw materials requiring different, cumbersome technologies. Some logs can be successfully processed along with pine forest. Therefore, larch wood is collected separately only by special order.
Aesthetic characteristics
Larch also has noticeable advantages in terms of its aesthetic qualities, including over such materials as beech, maple, oak, ash, etc. Wood has more than 12 possible color shades, mostly reddish. Annual layers are clearly visible throughout the cross section, very pronounced and somewhat reminiscent of the structure of a noble red oak. The structure of the tree on tangential sections is especially beautiful and rich. It is also characterized by a small presence of knots.
Characteristics of Angara larch wood
Most often it is taken with a pine forest called "pinewood". High resin content in wood, more than high density and the slightly different construction of larch wood than pine wood cause difficulties in processing them together in the lamellar and fiber industries. Largo larvae are processed much more difficult than pine. Even a small amount of them can significantly reduce the quality of the final product. For this reason, the use of larch wood must be obtained and sold separately.
Scope of application of the material
The scope of larch is unusually wide. Thanks to the use of modern woodworking equipment, it became possible to produce a variety of construction and lumber, both for finishing works, and directly for construction industry. Indoors, larch is used for floors, walls, windows, stairs, furniture, etc. On the outdoors- for the manufacture of wooden porches which look very rich and presentable, garden arbors, houses, wall cladding and much more.
A commercial nuisance calls for a clear distinction in papers that are sold in larch and non-pine. The buyer can then decide how to handle it according to their knowledge and needs. good use larch wood has some features associated with the need to create appropriate sales conditions. The processing technology of this wood for full market value products is complex and different from other types conifers. Therefore, lots of goods must be available for processing at a reasonable economic time or for homogeneous raw materials.
Differences in quality larch
There are several generally accepted indicators of wood quality. So, in order to determine how durable and strong the material will be, it is necessary to study the cross section of the trunk and pay attention to the fact that the thickness of the annual rings is no more than 3 mm. A large number of knots also reduces strength, breaks uniformity and makes it difficult to process the material. The core of the tree should have a reddish-brown color, and the bog should have a brownish-white color. If we consider larch lumber, then the boards should have the same geometry. On their surface there should be no burrs, cracks, knots, wormholes and other defects.
These conditions require forestry to adapt to the requirements of the timber market. This can be achieved in two ways. Significantly increasing the share of larch in our stands and thereby increasing the share of larch wood in the total volume of harvested wood.
Arrangement of larch timber aggregates for sustainable timber processing and sale of commercial lots to maximize revenue for the forest owner while maintaining the principle of full commercial integrity. Larch belongs to the pine family - includes a dozen species of trees that grow mainly in the cold zones of the northern hemisphere. In ancient times larch resin was used for burns, cuts and open wounds. Today, knowledge about the properties of coniferous trees has been expanded and used in cosmetic preparations.
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