Septic tank for permanent residence. Septic tank for a summer residence with off-season accommodation - which one is better to choose. The best septic tanks for country houses for seasonal living

If you try to decide which septic tank is best for a dacha with non-permanent residence, then you will quickly realize that you cannot find a definite answer here. Family budget, "productivity", geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, therefore, in each individual case, something different will be the best solution. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal residence already imposes some fundamental restrictions on the choice of design.

There are universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations. Source skopelitissa.com

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If you approach strictly, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground reservoir. Now this is a mandatory condition, non-compliance with which is prosecuted as damage to the earth. Therefore, instead of a “pit”, a finished container is buried in the ground or it is made of reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment plant, where effluents are separated and processed by bacteria in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber without oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and the clarified effluents undergo post-treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that inside the septic tank there is a complete cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria up to a level of 95-98%. This is a volatile species, since forced air supply is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS Source erkas.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in summer cottages

Each species has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is now one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, the ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their "acid-base" balance. It is not subject to the regulations on the minimum distance from water sources, a residential building and the boundaries of the site - the drains for the entire period between pumping are inside a sealed container.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewage truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of work without pumping can be increased if the drains are divided into gray and black, and the drain of water from the shower cabin, bath and from the washbasin is brought to your filter or drainage well.

Effluent from a storage septic tank without electricity has to be periodically pumped out Source strojdvor.ru

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one building or spaced apart in separate tanks. The correct selection of the volume of the chambers and their ratio to each other regulate the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be diverted to soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile. The entire liquid part of the effluent is eventually discharged into the ground. They clean the containers only from solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers in the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping out can be from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of stay. This is the best option for a septic tank for a non-permanent residence without electricity (even when it is). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow installation without violating the requirements of the standards.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for the location of the water intake, reservoirs, residential building and site boundaries. In addition, when arranging filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated effluents. Source otepleivode.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

An aerobic septic tank, despite the almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used to give non-permanent residence. To create conditions for the vital activity of microflora that process wastewater, a constant supply of air is required, which is ensured by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start the septic tank, a fairly large amount of work must be done to prepare the system.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of "fresh" effluents containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning after launch. That is, if they live in the country in the summer, then it must be started in the spring, and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for work in winter with intermittent residence in the country, when people come here only on weekends.

For the vital activity of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of effluents is necessary - with long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated Source repair-book.com

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, separation into fractions and clarification of effluents with the help of anaerobic bacteria takes place, in the second - cleaning with aerobic bacteria.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous version is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are volatile models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for giving non-permanent residence, there is always a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Polymer septic tanks

If you choose among ready-made models, then septic tanks are made of durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. These include low pressure polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filling with drains, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the wall thickness and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee shape stability.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made on the basis of plastic containers. Source alfa-septik.ru

Each type of polymer has its drawbacks, but they are not fundamental. The main common feature is the low weight of the container. Even when full, the specific gravity of the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg / m 3, and even the bulk density of the soil is not less than 1500 kg / m 3, not to mention the compacted state in its natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank up, especially if it is empty. When installing a plastic septic tank, it must be fixed to a solid foundation in the form of a concrete slab. And on strongly heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break, the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is 3/4 fullness, so that the walls can better hold the soil pressure, and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not completely die out.

Video description

Biological sewerage treatment plants for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for the winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the market of metal septic tanks there are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production under the order according to the individual sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and tanks for technical liquids, which are being modified for a storage septic tank.

Unlike polymer tanks, such tanks have a large margin of safety: the minimum metal thickness is 4 mm, and for large volume tanks - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks of a summer cottage, even with anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials for arranging sewerage for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They come in different diameters and heights, which allow you to make the design of the optimal volume.

Advantages - high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated by a waterproofing surface treatment.

High-quality waterproofing is the key to long-term operation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings. Source ru.zhovta.ua

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. In fact, it is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of several tanks, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in each region there are construction organizations specializing in such a turnkey service.

The choice of the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the more, the less often you have to call the car to clean it. And if we divide the drains into black and gray, then a tank of medium volume will be enough to give a “day off” for the whole season.

An example of the separation of drains into "black" and "gray" Source 1bcm.ru

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the car to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the cottage from the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the tank - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewage truck guarantees pumping sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping out is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the rate of water consumption of 200 l / day and a factor of 3 (so many days it takes for a cycle of disinfecting wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for a “volley” discharge when guests arrive. This total volume is distributed among the chambers. For a two-chamber septic tank (excluding the filter well), at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber septic tank - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank may seem to give non-permanent residence, it should be installed by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the difficulty is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account the geological features of the site and the filtering capacity of the soil as fully as possible.

rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the relief of the site is planned, the dream house is built of reliable material, it remains to complete a couple of moments related to convenience and nature ... proper solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewage system or a septic tank, which will allow you to purify wastewater and save the environment. Therefore, the only way out is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewer and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. Los or septic tank is better to choose for a country house? But what is the best septic tank or los? What suits me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of septic tanks look like volatile or non-volatile? This is probably one of the most difficult questions when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a site or materials, which of the offered on the market is the most reliable and of high quality. I want to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for you. Understand which quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when in a private house everyone was satisfied with a "birdhouse" on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in the country, requires the presence of a normal toilet and, at least, a shower. And in the house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition a lot of household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private house must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of a method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? - MAXIMUM in order to choose a septic tank / los. We will also pay attention to the definitions, principles of operation of various treatment plants, the most popular and efficient models. We will determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or garden. And what characteristics should be considered when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing the best sewerage solution for yourself.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, you understand how many of them, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - we will completely determine what is what? Since many people confuse the name of a septic tank with an autonomous sewer.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for home and garden will be your own. Let's start with the simplest - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (fr. réserve from lat. reservare - save), designed to accumulate household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to save the ecological environment on your and neighboring site. The storage tank does not process or treat wastewater from the sewer.

• Drains come to the storage tank, from where they are periodically pumped out by a sewage machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a tank and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed to treat household wastewater from the sewer. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, where sewage from the house enters.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (filtration field or soil post-treatment) of perforated pipes laid on a layer of rubble.

The first part of the septic tank, or receiving chamber, can be made of many materials, but we would talk about this in the next article. He will also talk about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This facility is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment take place. The whole complex of measures in VOC allows for complete and reliable treatment with a degree of 98%, which allows you to reuse treated wastewater from VOC. It can be used to water plants, wash a car, or simply dump it into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation enters the operating mode (when the colony of bacteria multiplies in sufficient numbers). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, you first need to know the following:

• GWL - groundwater level. GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it should also be taken into account that the GWL is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in spring, snow melts, at which GWL increases, while in winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities/zones — a limited regime for the implementation of any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
• The area under the septic tank / los - the size of the site that you are ready to give for the organization of wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for wastewater treatment in and

Why are they and why do we write about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere and everywhere, but here you can’t do without them. Let's take a closer look at what and how bacteria form in a septic tank or VOC for (all-weather) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper operation and conditions for bacteria will ensure the reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

Waste enters the septic tank, there is a reaction of their decomposition and the formation of bacteria. They form and need a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are airtight and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process with these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply clarification of wastewater.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently cleaned and is not industrial water. In order to dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in the case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used / equipped.

Aerobic bacteria for

In they are formed in the aerotank chamber. This is a special reservoir or structure located after the preliminary settling tank, in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pretreated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment takes place. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the vital activity and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists in the separation of natural waste into components. This type of bacteria is the most effective, because it quickly affects biological substances.

• Activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen to function normally. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg / dm³, quite satisfactory - 0.5 mg / dm³ of dissolved oxygen.
• The maximum cleaning percentage for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum percentage of cleaning with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK or how it works:, or.

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how the processes and work in the septic tank and /. Effluent through a pipeline or sewer enters the septic tank or. The principles of operation of all cleaning systems consists of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of cleaning and is not recommended by law and regulations for discharge into the ground. First of all, let's analyze the information about the septic tank ...

The septic tank is a "beta" version of the on-site treatment plant. To begin with, how does the process of cleaning in a septic tank.

• After the effluent enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary treatment of wastewater. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, the heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the fat floats up and the effluents are clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not enough to be able to safely discharge effluents into the ground. It is not technical and does not meet standards and regulations. Water needs additional treatment, for this event it is necessary to make the outlet of settled effluents for soil post-treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater gets the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of - 90%.

These cycles are several stages of cleaning, which is why the container consists of several parts / compartments. Effluent from the sewer enters the VOC, which mainly consists of 3 parts.

• First compartment or pre-sump. It has a mechanical / anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and an autonomous sewer. Similarly - like the first stage in the septic tank. Effluent flows into the second compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• The second compartment or aerotank. A biological / aerobic cleaning method takes place in it. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, as a result, biological decomposition of organic matter occurs. For the formation of beneficial microorganisms, pumps or compressors are used. Effluent flows into the third compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• The third compartment or secondary sump. Here the last stage of cleaning takes place - the remains of organic matter turn into silt and settle to the bottom. Process water with a degree of 98% purification comes out of the secondary chamber. This water is suitable for watering the garden or discharge into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - degree of purification 90%
• VOC - degree of purification 98%

WHO WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and purposes for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block, you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence, and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe VOCs.

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house in which 2-3 people live, and even then not in all cases, since they do not process wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or summer cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all solutions for the removal of sewage. Given the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal volume of the tank.

Service

There is only one storage tank service and it is quite simple. In order to implement it, it is necessary to call a sewage treatment machine for waste water, and pump out wastewater from the storage tank when it is full.

First of all, a septic tank for a house with a filtration field is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal living. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses (all-weather) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil cleaning (filtration field), taking into account laws and regulations. As well as the low level of groundwater, is the main factor in the choice of existing options for the removal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drain pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between the storage tank and the septic tank are an additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a gravel layer on which wastewater is treated. The soil is the recipient of treated wastewater. In the case of a high groundwater level, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment plant should be placed higher and installed in an embankment.

At the moment, it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a house, a summer residence or a cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, to install a deep biological treatment station, a fairly small amount of space is required compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank, there is no need to organize filtration fields and other technical solutions. It is only required to divert the treated effluents into the ground, ditch or water body.

Cleaning degree

VOC is a modern facility for wastewater treatment with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be applied and will fit any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filtration fields in the embankment are applied. But these are unique cases that allow organizing the absorption of treated effluents into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly match the los for your needs. But it is necessary to properly understand the processes inside the plant, since some deep biological treatment plants require a constant supply of effluent. Therefore, in LOS Delfin everything is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES:, or.

All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a house or a summer residence, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative one in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of the use of a particular cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected flow volumes, therefore, when buying, it is necessary to take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary residence it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial costs. When it comes to a septic tank for a permanent stay, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

	Concrete septic tank / storage tank	Plastic
	Frame
Possibility of self-production	Can be DIY	Factory version only	Factory version only.
Equipment tightness	When self-manufactured, it is difficult to seal, especially at high groundwater levels	The hull is sealed, requires anchoring or special devices. Simple structure, ensures stable operation of the pre-cleaning stage. Durable. Environmental Safety.	Sealed body, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so the reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental Safety.
	Cleaning of drains
Wastewater treatment options	Not	Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially true for cesspools and concrete wells	Autonomous sewerage is small. It is possible to place on absolutely any site and any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators, drainage ditch.
Degree of sewage treatment	Degree of cleaning - 60%.	The degree of purification - 90%. An unpleasant odor coming from a storage septic tank, an overflow well or a filtration field. The penetration of sewage (faecal water) into groundwater, and then they often fall into water wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness.	High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all cleaning technologies, a high degree of cleaning is achieved, which makes it possible to discharge water into a ditch or drainage (technical water, reuse).
Dependence on electricity	No	Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the design of the septic tank. An electrical connection is not required. But a permanent residence is required. Necessary for the flow of all cleaning processes. Without sewage, sewage rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station.	Energy dependence. Not for all autonomous sewers, this factor is a disadvantage. Depending on the principle and modes of operation of the plant, energy dependence can play a key role in the operating cost of the entire plant. Since automation and compressors with pumps work constantly, the station quickly consumes motor resources, the reliability of the components of the station.
Demanding for the regularity of "replenishment"	Does not matter	Does not matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding.	It reacts badly to uneven flow of effluents, it is better to use it for permanent residence
Salvo drop	Works great with large volumes	Works great with large volumes. With the correct calculation of the volume, the septic tank is not afraid of the increased salvo discharge of wastewater.	Handles only a certain amount of stock
High groundwater level (GWL)		To ensure the pumping of settled wastewater, it is required to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and become comparable to an autonomous sewage system.	Can be used at high groundwater levels. Organization of KNS or additional modifications.
	OPERATION and SERVICE
Service	Regular pumping with a sewage truck (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank fills up. Limited storage capacity. Constant control of the level of wastewater.	Regular pumping with a sewage truck (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum service and maintenance costs. Regular call of sewers (necessary even for septic tanks of the TANK type requiring constant backfilling of anaerobic bacteria) to pump out unprocessed effluents	Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers seek to reduce the cost of their products, which requires the systematic intervention of the manufacturer's service department. Compressor maintenance. Convenient and easy operation, without constant attention.
Smell	Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health.	Silting field filtration. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to re-lay the filtration field occurs on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs.	Odorless. All gases exit through ventilation.
	MOUNTING
Excavation.	Easy installation under the tank.	Area by field filtration. The complexity of installation and a fairly large amount of earthwork. Since soil post-treatment is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. Cumbersome and not everywhere possible installation of primitive treatment septic tanks, the need to ensure the access of a sewage truck.	Easy installation. For autonomous sewage, it is not required to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional amount of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions).

RATING: Description of the top IMPORT (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will be a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers / VOCs on the territory of the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or in Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market today, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, it is also necessary to build on not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. Comparing septic tanks for the home with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since at present there are many varieties of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in varieties, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worthwhile to clearly analyze all the nuances and choose it according to the technical characteristics, quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production with. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a hermetic system for the biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has been a leader in the market.

Tver

Produce stations relatively recently compared to all. But they have good reviews and design features from analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to minimally include their customers in the service.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for objects of various types.

EUROBION

In 2005, the group of companies "National Ecological Project" was established. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

External view of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance sometimes in this version can tell a lot. How the station will feel depending on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin (Delfin)

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC by Alta Bio

LOS Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

LOS EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewerage DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting drains and unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-sump

Processes: Effluent accumulation, preliminary treatment and settling of effluents (heavy fraction sedimentation).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active treatment of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary clarifier

Processes: Secondary settling of treated effluents before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological treatment in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /LOS occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aerotank, secondary settling tank) without stopping the recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in the event of a power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous Sewerage PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable work of drains
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

- This is a treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. A power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback that outweighs the very deep sewage treatment (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the supply of electricity is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

receiving chamber

Waste water enters the receiving chamber. In contrast to the "classical installations" in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator for mixing the drain and saturating it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is switched on when the level of flow in it drops to the operating minimum. Due to this, instead of settling and decaying the sediment, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the molecules of organic compounds decompose under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. coarse filter Small particles of impurities mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts wastewater through the pipe and pumps it into the aerotank-reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with a small capacity and, unlike other types of pumps, without high electricity costs and power surges caused by pump start-up. float switch A float switch is installed in the receiving chamber to switch the operating modes of Topas. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with sewage, the float rises and the first compressor is turned on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the flow level in the receiving chamber falls to the operating minimum, the float drops and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from the aeration tank to the stabilizer sump,
• airlift removal of fatty film in the secondary clarifier,
• aeration in the secondary clarifier.

Aerotank-reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment by activated sludge microorganisms takes place. Due to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with atmospheric oxygen. In the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles are combined into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds for respiration - nitrates, reducing them to nitrites and further to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification is the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary clarifier

A chamber shaped like a truncated inverted pyramid and located in the aerotank-reactor. In the sump, sludge is deposited, which returns to the aeration tank through the hole at the bottom. Additionally, a mixture of water and sludge is supplied from the aerotank-reactor to the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This speeds up the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aerotank by an airlift built into the pyramid. The treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through the outlet in the unit housing or is collected in a forced ejection tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aerotank-reactor, which, in the settling phase in the aerotank, is pumped with the help of an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizing sump (G). This is the smallest chamber in which the accumulation and mineralization of sludge takes place. Through the existing hole in the upper part, the clarified sludge water enters the receiving chamber back, thus closing the process of internal circulation. A standard air-lift pump for pumping out sludge is installed in the stabilizer sump. This pump is muffled and the air supplied to it produces agitation of the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a regular pump is used to pump out sludge; in order to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping is required to be done once a quarter. It is possible to pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (fecal) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage Alta Bio

At the heart of each autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. It breaks down most organic waste. To date, there are a large number of various autonomous sewers. Alta Group offers a more advanced design, which is a complete water purification system from waste.

Two stages of water purification in Alta Bio autonomous sewerage:

The first stage of wastewater treatment is the sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber sump. The sump (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows flow. The overflows are located in such a way that the wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third - 25% of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the sump is designed for two days of waste processing.

The second stage of wastewater treatment

Post-treatment in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the sump, clarified wastewater is pumped to the upper part of the station with the help of a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of ​​the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the feed material.

Autonomous sewerage for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate normally, but as a normal septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will go into operation.

Brief description and scope of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is designed for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewerage in summer cottages, cottages or other types of suburban structures. Often, septic tanks are installed in country cafes, restaurants or eateries.

The design and principle of operation of the septic tank Tver

The tank is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. This is where the effluent enters in the first place, and it is here that the main processes of sedimentation of insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them pass into the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber on the route of wastewater is the aerotank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Burnt expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the claydite load, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the effluent are mechanically destroyed in the process of passing through the structural elements of the chamber (ruffs) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the vital activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - the process takes place here effluent fermentation;
• aeration tank. In this chamber there is an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
• sump. Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspensions, which has a positive effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously take place in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that are part of the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are characterized by high toxicity. In the aerobic bioreactor, as well as in the second chamber, there is a brush load. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor, a layer of dolomite crushed stone is placed, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps to remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary sedimentation tank, where the dead biofilm is retained, then the effluents are discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
• settler-calmifier. In this chamber, the liquid is additionally clarified by natural precipitation of heavier inclusions, and only after that the water purified by 95-98% leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, floats with chlorine-containing reagents are installed in this chamber, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank has a small weight and rather thin walls, this cannot be attributed to pluses or minuses. These factors make it easy to install, and the thin walls are made of high quality polypropylene. Under the influence of large loads, they can bend, but do not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor (Uponor)

The WehoPuts onsite treatment plant is a biochemical type treatment plant for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed to treat wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. The calculation uses a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for the complete biochemical treatment of domestic wastewater. Those. after passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, moreover, their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The principle of operation of such stations is as follows:

• effluents flow by gravity into the receiving chamber (sump), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious pollution as completely as possible;
• further, the effluents enter the process tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes are actively taking place). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the drains in portions, which contributes to the precipitation of fine suspensions. He is also responsible for the binding of phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same treatment quality indicators; containers are strong and durable; products are accompanied by all necessary documents, easy to operate. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Uponor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

LOS Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from a Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Complies with all sanitary requirements. It consists of a single container in which the following processes take place:

• preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the sump;
• in the next tank, the effluents are aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a floating reagent is added to the drains (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated effluent is pumped to a sampling well

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment plant for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, a private house or a whole group of houses. Given the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often discount for the purchase of one powerful installation, which is mounted with the expectation of several families. Of the advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Among the disadvantages: relatively slow operation, high price. The body of the septic tank is divided into four sections: the receiving compartment, the aeration tank, the settling section and the system for discharging treated water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where they are prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air that occurs during the operation of the air installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, uniformly mixed effluent through a coarse filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-decomposable contaminants from passing further, is pumped by the main pump into the aerotank chamber (B).

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut-pump) principle, where pumping is carried out by supplying air to a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. consisting of different types of microorganisms, which in the process of life decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aerotank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary clarifier

After the aeration tank, the mixture of treated effluents and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the action of gravity, and the clarified treated effluents, which are technically pure water, enter the outlet of the station (3). Between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary clarifier, a grease film trap (grease trap) is installed, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary clarifier back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge settled on the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped out to the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until it is removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber, depending on the level of effluents in the latter.

Eurobion working principle

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms to use wastewater pollutants as food in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen. Below is the technological scheme of the Eurobion deep biological treatment plant.

Reception aerotank

Effluent flows through the inlet sewer pipe (1) to the receiving aerotank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element "POLIATR" (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with atmospheric oxygen takes place - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - the biomass of microorganisms that process pollution.

Primary aerobic clarifier

Partially treated effluents pass through two openings in the intermediate bottom (4) and enter the upper zone of the primary aerobic clarifier (5). This zone is characterized by an increased concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the denitrification process is intensively going on, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen. Further, the effluents, as they move down, fall into the zone of aerobic sediment, where the processes of autoxidation and decomposition of hard-to-recycle pollutants take place. Part of the activated sludge flows through the overflow (6) into the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank (10).

Secondary clarifier

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary clarifier and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological treatment is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the purification process in the secondary clarifier enters the biofilm degasser (14) and is destroyed by bubbling in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified effluent enters the tertiary clarifier installed directly in front of the AEROSPLOW (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of the treated effluent to the outlet of the installation. Purified wastewater up to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the plant, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of forced execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven to be absolutely unpretentious in operation and in practice maintenance free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require post-treatment in the ground. Advantages of this system: no post-treatment fields, no complex electronics, no problems in operation, quick access to the regime, not afraid of a temporary power outage, pure odorless water at the outlet.

The most modern station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the separation of septic tanks follows the shape of the hull, vertical And horizontal. Vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and productivity, is installed where there is no restriction on the area of ​​​​the pit.

For each of the two cases, modifications are also provided. with gravity water ejection, as well as with forced reset on the relief with a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And ETC.

For the manufacture of the case, modern polymeric material is used. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by casting is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, performs the function of a receiver and a sump to separate undissolved inclusions. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier having a floating load covered with biofilm. In this compartment, the main purification process takes place, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonium nitrogen. To ensure the flow of chemical reactions, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber performs the functions of an additional sump, in which the medium is separated, the water is freed from residues that have formed during the purification process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which functions on the principle of a separator. Pure water (purified by 98%) is fed to the outlet.

ATTENTION THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS in 2018

• Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of cleaning if there are more or less users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
• During a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue cleaning and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewers requires frequent and periodic service, repair and replacement of station components.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of sewage and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewage system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. volume poorly copes with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6biozone Energy consumption, kW/day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, in 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNotNotYesNotNotNot Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food.NotNotYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNotNotNotNotNotNotNot The location of the controller insideNotNotYesYesNotYesYesYes Volley discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Productivity in m3/day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recycling process (SNIP)YesNotNotNotNotNotNotNot Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station Shapehorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Plant operability during a short-term power outageIn the event of a power outage, the station starts working as a conventional storage septic tank, which does not affect the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown.In the event of a power outage, the station starts working as a conventional storage septic tank, which does not affect the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown.
• Fully automatic station control with alarm system → very low power consumption
• Simple and fast installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Because all permanent residences are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It will not be so easy, because each station has its own zest. And how it has a positive effect, we will tell a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment plants so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or loss with a big guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

insensitivity to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations at which there is a direct restriction on discharge into an autonomous sewer. It is clear that the station is not a trash can, but we will still take into account how these problems are solved. In some, they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer, but in others, unfortunately, having design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

location of the controller

The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, its abrupt changes, humidity create a dew point, which can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their working conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials are especially dependent on environmental conditions, without which no electrical device can do. Under the influence of climate and even weather changes, these materials can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewer depends on

• Working mode
• Power of instruments and equipment

warranty

When buying a product or receiving any service, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this rubric we would like to simply rank the companies in descending order according to the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to repair and replace parts free of charge. This option guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

1. What are septic tanks?
2. Cesspool or storage tanks
3. Sump with soil additional wastewater treatment
4. Deep biological waste treatment
5. How to choose a septic tank? Key Criteria
6. What are the septic tanks according to the materials of production?
7. What are the ways to install a septic tank?

To create the necessary level of comfort in a cottage or in a country house, you will need to connect a water supply system, as well as a sewerage system. The best solution for autonomous wastewater collection in such a situation is a septic tank. It remains for the owner to decide on the appropriate option among the variety on the market.

What are septic tanks?

Wastewater treatment plants for country houses are usually classified according to three main features:

• way of working;
• Applied materials;
• Shape, location, and type of installation.

Cesspool or storage tanks

In fact, such a treatment plant is an improved cesspool. By design, this is a sealed tank, the key and only function of which is the accumulation of wastewater from the house. In the chamber, wastewater is divided into fractions. For example, heavy particles fall to the bottom. In turn, the lungs (fats, oils, etc.) gradually accumulate on the surface. The advantage of such septic tanks is the ease of installation and simplicity of design. The main disadvantage is the need for regular cleaning with the involvement of vacuum trucks.

The cesspool is suitable for an object where the volume of permanent effluents is small. For example, this is a good option for giving, where several people live, and water consumption is negligible. The main requirements for such a septic tank are sufficient volume, complete tightness, as well as increased strength of the storage tank. Compliance with these standards will reduce the regularity of cleaning the device and protect the soil from the ingress of waste that accumulates when using sewers.

Sump with soil additional wastewater treatment

Overflow septic tanks are suitable for a home where the daily sewage flow rate is small, but people live here and use plumbing on a regular basis. In such treatment facilities, in addition to the accumulation of wastewater, they are partially processed and cleaned. It is necessary to remove accumulations in the septic tanks under consideration much less often (you have to turn to the help of sewers every few years).

Overflow septic tanks are in most cases two-chamber. The first is sewage from the house. This chamber acts as a sump. After separation into fractions, the liquid with a low content of solid particles enters the second chamber, which performs the cleaning functions. Here, aerobes are used to process waste, decomposing organic matter. The level of water purification in the end is approximately 65%. Such purified water can be used for irrigation of the site, or it is thrown into natural reservoirs, undergoing post-treatment in equipped soil filtration fields. This is a complex of rock layers that have increased water permeability and remove pollution like fur. filters.

The advantages of overflow septic tanks are:

• ease of maintenance;
• a significant interval between cleanings due to the reduction of residue accumulation;
• processing of most of the waste that is contained in wastewater.

The problem of a septic tank with additional cleaning in the ground is the inability to operate in areas with clay soils with low water permeability. Another obstacle is the increased level of groundwater.

Deep biological waste treatment

These are full-fledged stations designed for thorough wastewater treatment. They process large volumes and can be installed in large cottages where families of 3-4 people live permanently. Biochemical septic tanks perform almost 100% water purification. The design of these treatment facilities provides for the use of three chambers for:

• separation by fractions of substances contained in wastewater;
• biopurification by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria;
• chemical disinfection.

The advantages of such septic tanks are:

• complete wastewater treatment, reaching 99-100%;
• no unpleasant odors during operation;
• there are no restrictions for installation by type of soil, as well as groundwater level;
• minimal installation costs and high commissioning speed, since the stations are sold already completed;
• the system does not require constant maintenance by a person;
• the replacement of chambers or the selection of dry residue must be carried out once every five years due to its insignificant accumulation.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. Please note that if the mode of residence provides for a long absence from the house (for example, in winter), then treatment facilities with biofilters are not used, because without a constant supply of nutrient medium in the form of waste, the bacteria that process them will die.

How to choose a septic tank? Key Criteria

Performance

The volume of processing wastewater generated in the house is a key technical characteristic of the treatment plant. The size of the drains or volley discharge depends on the number of people who live in the house, as well as the intensity of the operation of the plumbing. Of course, in a country house where a couple of people live in the summer, using only a bathroom, the volume of wastewater will be an order of magnitude less than in a huge country house, which is designed for permanent family life, with a swimming pool, washing machine and dishwasher, as well as a number of other equipment, using water to work.

In terms of performance, treatment facilities are selected based on:

• if the daily volume of wastewater is up to 1 m³, then the storage septic tank is enough for one chamber;
• if the daily volume of wastewater is 1-10 m³, then a two-chamber septic tank is used with additional soil filtration;
• if the daily volumes of drains are more than 10 m³, then it is worth choosing a septic tank for deep biological treatment.

Note! When using a single-chamber storage septic tank, you need to take care of its subsequent cleaning. If the volume of wastewater is large, then the vacuum trucks will need to be called on a regular basis. In terms of costs, this will become more expensive than using more expensive, but functional two-chamber and three-chamber septic tanks.

It's important to know!Existing sanitary norms provide for the minimum size of the treatment plant chambers. The septic tank must contain the wastewater that forms in the house for three days.

Soil type and groundwater level

The above factor should be taken into account only in the case of using a septic tank with additional cleaning in the filtration fields. At the same time, only soils with an increased coefficient of water permeability can be used for the use of such treatment facilities. At the same time, on heavy clay soils, natural filtration has certain difficulties. In such a situation, it is necessary to remove the required amount of soil, replacing it with a complex of crushed stone and sand. The implementation of these works requires time and money. A septic tank of biological or chemical treatment is more cost-effective in this aspect.

What are the septic tanks according to the materials of production?

Septic tanks are equipped directly at the facility or they are purchased ready-made complete options. The first category is made up of wastewater treatment plants, which are made of brick, reinforced concrete or improvised materials.

• A brick septic tank is easy to manufacture and does not require the use of special equipment in the process of arranging. But the brickwork is not hermetic, which can cause seepage of effluents into the ground and hot water. To avoid such problems, the pits are sealed with cement mortar and waterproof mastics.
• Reinforced concrete structures make it possible to form septic tanks with sufficient reliability and tightness. For the construction of prefabricated structures, well rings are used. When arranging such a structure, it is fundamentally important to seal the joints between the rings.
• The arrangement of a treatment plant from improvised materials is mainly used in summer cottages. On the net you can find detailed instructions for building a septic tank from tires or an overflow installation using plastic barrels. In this case, you only need to worry about sealing the septic tank and ensuring the performance that is enough to serve the residents of the house.

A more expensive and reliable solution is ready-made septic tanks with housings made of polymers or fiberglass. Such treatment facilities have a set of advantages:

• a wide range of performance - from small septic tanks for a summer residence for two people to semi-industrial models that process wastewater from a small cottage village;
• complete reliability and tightness;
• provision of ready-to-use equipment, which minimizes the installation and start-up time of the system;
• complete set of equipment and means of cleaning for full-fledged work.

Note! Treatment facilities with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass need protection from floating in the event of an increase in GWL, as well as destruction of soil masses under high pressure or displacement of soil layers. To do this, purchased septic tanks are placed in pre-concrete pits, after which they anchor - they attach the tanks to the walls, as well as to the bottom of the pit.

What are the ways to install a septic tank?

Purchased treatment facilities and home-made septic tanks are made in vertical as well as horizontal versions. Structures of the first type are installed with a deepening into the ground, which leads to a problem, since on heavy soils or high GWL, the installation becomes laborious and requires the involvement of special equipment, as well as special techniques to guarantee reliability and environmental safety. Horizontal septic tanks are most often installed on the surface. To obtain the desired performance, such structures occupy a large area, which, in the case of limited or no free space on the site, creates additional difficulties.

Living in an apartment and having access to a central sewer, we most often do not think about how the human waste disposal system is arranged and organized. But in the case of building a private, detached house, the question that sounds like “choosing the best septic tank for a country house” takes one of the leading places in creating comfortable living conditions.

Choosing the best septic tank

It is most convenient to divide septic tanks intended for installation in a private housing stock into types depending on:

• operating principle:
• materials that were used in its production;
• shape of containers and methods of installation and installation.

In general, in a country house or a capital private house, it is quite possible to install any type of septic tank, from the simplest accumulative to complex systems that carry out complete cleaning. The choice of a septic tank depends only on your financial capabilities and personal requirements and wishes for the operation of this system.

Storage (cesspool) tanks

This septic tank for a country house is simply a more perfect cesspool. All waste enters a sealed chamber, where it is separated into fractions (heavy remains at the bottom, light - on the surface).

This is the simplest system that does not require complex manipulations during installation and installation, it does its job perfectly, but it has one significant drawback. This is the need for frequent cleaning with a cesspool. For this reason, storage tanks perform best when installed in houses with a small number of residents (1-2, maximum four people) and where people do not live all year round.

Otherwise, it is better to look at more complex systems that provide some self-cleaning.

Overflow septic tanks

These systems are settling tanks with soil post-treatment of wastewater. They are designed not only for the collection and accumulation of waste, but also for partial processing and cleaning.

Overflow septic tanks are designed for houses with permanent residence with moderate water consumption. The services of a sewer during the operation of these systems will need to be used much less frequently, a maximum of two to three times a year.

How does an overflow septic tank work?

They consist of two chambers, one of which receives house drains, and the other plays the function of a sump.

After separation into fractions in the first chamber, liquid waste enters the second. In it, with the help of special bacteria, cleaning and partial processing of organic substances takes place. The water here is purified up to 70%.

In the future, this water can be used for watering household plants or simply discharged into a reservoir. Before being discharged, the water must necessarily undergo additional purification, flowing through a special rock. You can equip it with gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand. Such a breed will work on the principle of a mechanical purification filter, and almost pure water will enter the reservoir.

This type of septic tank has several distinct advantages:

• it is very easy to maintain and install;
• has a long duration of action;
• most of the effluent is recycled within the system.

But besides the pros, there are also cons. An overflow septic tank for a house cannot be installed in clay soil, which will not allow normal water discharge due to its very low throughput. Also, if the first aquifer is not deep, then this can also create problems when organizing a treatment system.

Biochemical septic tanks

These septic tanks are systems for deep biological waste processing. A septic tank is great for a permanent home and is able to process large volumes of incoming wastewater, it can purify water by almost 100%.

Structurally, they consist of three chambers:

• the first chamber is designed to separate incoming substances from house drains;
• in the second chamber, biological purification of water takes place with the help of bacteria;
• and the third chamber is designed for chemical disinfection using special chemicals.

Biochemical septic tanks are superior to their previous counterparts in almost all respects:

• wastewater treatment is higher than that of other analogues, by almost 100%;
• during the operation of these systems there are no unpleasant odors;
• for installation and installation, the type of soil on the land plot does not matter;
• very fast installation and installation;
• the system is practically maintenance-free.

These septic tanks for a country house require cleaning from dry residue no more than once every 5-8 years, depending on the number of people living in the house and the activity of using the sewer. These are the most successful septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of water consumption.

The only drawback of biochemical septic tanks is their high cost, which is much higher than that of simpler counterparts. But for a house with a permanent residence, this option will still be the most successful.

Also, since for the normal functioning of the microflora of bacteria inside the system, a constant supply of nutrients is necessary, it must be remembered that septic tanks with biological filters cannot be installed in houses where people do not live for permanent residence, and there are long interruptions in the use of sewage.

Having dealt with the main types of organization of septic systems, then you should pay attention to certain parameters, based on which it is worth choosing one or another system.

Overall system performance

Naturally, the need to process various volumes of wastewater will be the main parameter when choosing the system that needs to be installed in the house.

A small house, where 1-2 people live, is very different in terms of the amount of waste produced from a capital house or cottage, where a whole large family lives. You should also consider, in addition to the house, such additional points as the presence of a pool, washing machines or dishwashers.

Typically, the calculation is based on the following parameters:

1. Stock water up to 1 cu. meters. In this case, a conventional storage septic tank will suffice, the device of a more expensive and complex system does not have a special meaning;
2. Stock water volume from 1 to 10 cubic meters. meters. With such a volume, the installation of at least a two-chamber septic tank is already very desirable. Especially if consumption is closer to the upper limit of this range;
3. Stock water with a volume of more than 10 cubic meters. meters. With this volume, the installation of a septic tank with deep biological treatment is strongly recommended. Otherwise, the operation of the sewer system will definitely involve some inconvenience.

Important! Correctly calculate the amount of incoming waste. SNiP establishes a clear minimum volume of a septic tank, which must accommodate effluent flowing within three days.

Keep in mind! An incorrect calculation or an excessive desire to save money will lead to the fact that you will have to use the services of sewers too often. This procedure is usually quite expensive. As a result, your small-volume septic tank can turn out to be more expensive than even three-chamber biochemical treatment systems.

Materials from which septic tanks are made

Also an important factor when choosing a septic tank in the house will be the material for the manufacture of treatment systems.

Here you can go in several ways, which differ from each other in the ratio of cost and labor costs for the organization.

Septic tanks made on site, which one is better to choose? They are usually made from the following materials.

Brick

You can choose a septic tank made from this simplest and cheapest material. However, due to the peculiarities of the brickwork, it is quite difficult to ensure its complete tightness, which is why sewage can seep into the ground and further into the aquifer. To avoid leakage, cement mortars or special mastics can be used.

Reinforced concrete

A somewhat more laborious material to work with, but at the same time extremely reliable. For bulk prefabricated structures, reinforced concrete rings are most often used. When using rings, the main task will be to ensure complete tightness of the joints between them.

improvised materials

Oddly enough, it is quite possible to make a normal septic tank using improvised materials that most people simply find at home. The only thing is that the volume of such a septic tank will hardly be more than 300 liters, which is suitable either for a summer cottage or for a house with a very small amount of wastewater. Schemes for manufacturing such a system are a topic for a separate article, but if you wish, you can always find them in large numbers on specialized forums on the Internet.

Naturally, the most reliable, fastest and most convenient way (and the most expensive) is to purchase and install a ready-made system, usually made of plastic or fiberglass.

• they provide absolute reliability and tightness in operation;
• you can choose any range of volumes, ranging from a small country house to a cottage for 5 people with a swimming pool and irrigation systems;
• ready-made septic tanks provide quick installation and instant commissioning;
• they are already equipped with all the necessary cleaning and filtration systems; you don't need to think about anything else.

Note! Septic tanks made of polymeric materials must be installed in concrete pits without fail and the container must be fixed to the walls of this pit. This is done to protect the septic tank from surfacing when exposed to groundwater, as well as protection from destruction when the soil moves.

How are septic tanks installed?

In general, two types of installation can be distinguished, depending on the design principle of the septic tank:

• vertical systems;
• horizontal systems.

Vertical septic tanks are installed with a recess in the ground and represent the most successful design in case you do not want to see additional elements on your site. It will be completely in the ground. The downside here is that if on the land plot the movement of underground groundwater occurs close to the surface, then in this situation, in order to install such a product, additional installation efforts, special special equipment, etc. will be required.

Horizontal septic tanks are installed on the surface and do not require heavy equipment or any great effort during installation. But at the same time, if you are making a system for permanent residence all year round, then most likely it will be a rather voluminous device that will take up a significant amount of space in your backyard. Plus, if you are planning any landscape design, then it will also be problematic to enter the presence of a septic tank into it.

Which septic tank to choose

As a result, we can unequivocally say that the choice of which septic tank is best for a country house is an extremely responsible matter, which will significantly affect the quality of living in general.

Important! Be very careful about the accuracy of calculating the needs for wastewater treatment, and which septic tank to choose in the end. It is better to install a system with a margin now than to deal with a complete rebuild later, which, moreover, will definitely be much more expensive.

But on the other hand, when you understand for sure that your consumption is minimal, and there are definitely no plans for an increase, then there is no point in overpaying for complex systems that will work at ten percent of their possible potential.

In a small country house, in which a long stay is not planned, you can make a small septic tank with your own hands, for example, from car tires or other materials that you found in your country house or garage. This option is likely to cost almost nothing at all. Just do not forget, properly, to take care of good sealing.

Also, do not chase the most expensive imported models. Our Russian manufacturers make products of excellent quality, in no way inferior to their foreign counterparts.

One of the most popular manufacturers in our market at the moment is the products of the domestic company Topol-Eco Neva, which has been operating since 2001. The main models from which you can choose the best septic tank that is right for you are:

• TOPAS;
• UBAS;
• ASTER;
• TOPOL;
• EUROBION;
• BIOXY;
• TANK;
• and many others.

The lines of this manufacturer fully cover all any possible needs, ranging from small houses to large families for 4-5 people. There are also special septic tanks designed to provide life for people who live in much larger groups (from 10 or more people).

Follow these simple tips, chat with experts, refer to any thematic forum, and you will solve the question “how to choose a septic tank” without any problems.

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It is not so easy to purchase a suitable septic tank for a country house - what to choose depends on many factors, so it is important to determine the main priorities and criteria for evaluating the compared models. Of course, the advice of professionals and the help of neighbors can be of great help, but it should be remembered that the choice in each case is individual. It depends, first of all, on the needs of the residents of the house and the conditions at a particular facility. The right choice will ensure maximum comfort and avoid problems during the operation and maintenance of an autonomous sewer system.

When figuring out which septic tank to choose for a country house, it should be understood that it is important not only to compare models with each other, but also to correlate their characteristics with specific conditions.

Take into account the following features:

• climatic conditions,
• structure, density and other features of the soil on the site,
• mode of operation, which is determined by the nature of residence in the house (permanent, seasonal, periodic),
• average daily volume of wastewater (this parameter can be calculated according to a more complex scheme, taking into account the type and number of plumbing fixtures and washing equipment, but more often they use a simplified scheme, considering that the average daily water consumption of one person is about 200 liters).

Models of utilizers and their features

Any septic tank for the sewerage of a country house has its own characteristics.

Drives

Accumulators are the cheapest and simplest utilizers at the construction stage. It is advisable to choose them in the case when the house is not used too often or if the owners are ready to use the services of vacuum cleaners often.

Factory septic tanks with additional stages of post-treatment

Factory non-volatile septic tanks for a country house (for example, Tank, Triton, etc.) are equipped with infiltrators for efficient operation, or soil purification systems for them can be arranged independently. In the tanks of such products, sedimentation and partial treatment of wastewater take place, and the final biological decomposition of impurities with the help of bacteria is carried out in the soil. Many people know that to install such septic tanks areas with high groundwater are not suitable, however, there is one more nuance - the filtration fields cannot always be in one place, and their transfer is a rather laborious matter, associated with a large amount of excavation work. The choice of a septic tank for a country house should take into account all the features of operation.

Tip: Instead of filtration fields, it is possible to use a drainage well with a filtering bottom.

Self-made septic tanks

Self-construction of a septic tank takes time and effort, but this is largely justified by the cost-effectiveness of the option. Building a septic tank is much cheaper than buying a factory model.

Sequentially connected settling tanks, poured concrete or, as well as other materials, provide stepwise clarification of drains and can be quite effective with the right choice of volume and type of construction, as well as subject to the recommendations of specialists during the construction phase.

Deep Cleaning Stations

Local deep cleaning stations for wastewater can only be purchased. Settling of impurities in such models is combined with the decomposition of organic inclusions under the influence of and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The advantages of such facilities are a high degree of purification and minimal maintenance requirements - VOCs operate in automatic mode. However, it should be remembered that deep cleaning stations volatile and need to be connected to the mains supply. In addition, for many vacation home owners, the high cost of VOCs is a deterrent to buying.

Soil features

Before determining which septic tank is best for a country house, study in detail the geological conditions on your site. In addition to the type of soil, the level of occurrence of surface waters, as well as the height of their rise, for example, during a flood, is important.

Models for light soils

If the soil in the country house or the backyard of a country house is sandy or with a high content of sand (sandy loam), any type of septic tank can be chosen for arranging an autonomous sewage system. In particular, models with soil purification systems are effective under these conditions, since light soils pass and filter water well.

On light soils, both expensive bio-treatment stations and simple budget drives work well.

The photo shows an example of the arrangement of filtration fields on the site

Models for heavy soils

The high content of clay, which allows water to pass through only in a dry state, and, being saturated with moisture, becomes a waterproofing agent, imposes certain restrictions when choosing a treatment plant. If the soil on the site is clay or loam, and you are looking for the best septic tank for a country house, the rating will be topped by hermetic storage tanks and local treatment stations (VOCs). In this case, it is irrational to install a model with soil post-treatment. Theoretically, this is possible, but for the normal functioning of the device, a huge amount of earthwork will have to be done - to remove clay soil, replacing it with rubble or sand.

Models for sites with high groundwater levels

A high level of groundwater or a significant rise in a flood can create certain problems in the operation of an autonomous sewer. To avoid them, it is important to choose the right type of utilizer. Models that provide for the filtration of wastewater through the soil will not work in this case - the impurities present in them will enter the groundwater.

Acceptable options are:

• sealed storage,
• VOCs, which provide for the forced removal of the purified liquid,
• septic tanks with a post-treatment system located on the surface of the soil.

Obviously, under any conditions, you can find the optimally suitable septic tank for a country house - decide for yourself what to choose.

Performance of treatment facilities

For trouble-free operation of the septic tank and prevention of overcrowding of tanks, it is important to choose the right model performance. This parameter, in turn, is related to the volume of cameras and their number.

It has already been indicated above that the average daily volume of fluid intake is about 200 liters per person. The septic tank, according to accepted norms and rules, must contain the amount of drains for three days, so this figure should be tripled and multiplied by the number of residents. The result obtained will be the required performance of the utilizer, but experts do not recommend choosing “at a minimum”, you should make a small margin - 10-15% of the calculated volume, which is a kind of insurance and a way to reduce the risk of overfilling tanks.

Having decided on the volume of the product, you can solve the issue of the number of cameras.

• Single-chamber models are suitable for a minimum amount of wastewater (average daily volume is less than a cubic meter).
• If the daily volume of effluents is no more than ten cubic meters, a two-chamber septic tank will be the best option.
• Three-chamber models will ensure trouble-free waste disposal, even if a family of 4 lives permanently in the house, they are designed to process wastewater in a volume of more than 10 cubic meters per day.

Pricing

Many manufacturers produce various types of septic tanks for a country house. The presence in the model lines of products with different parameters allows for each home to make a rational choice. At the same time, there are features characteristic of each brand.

All parameters affect the cost of the utilizer, including:

• septic volume,
• the number of tanks connected in series (chambers, cleaning stages),
• wastewater treatment technology,
• availability of additional equipment (float level gauges, automatic control systems, filters, drainage pumps, airlifts, compressors),
• case material,
• company manufacturer.

You can learn from another article as a system of soil post-treatment.

If you decide to use it as a sewer, then our article will help in their selection and installation.

About the features of an independent device of a street toilet here.

Popular Models

In order to make it easier to navigate the variety of models, we offer a brief overview of septic tanks for a country house of the most famous manufacturers.

Tank

Non-volatile septic tanks, one of the advantages of which is the presence of a monolithic body, which excludes the possibility of waste entering the groundwater. To increase the strength of the body are supplied with stiffeners. In the model range of septic tanks of this brand there are compact models for a small cottage (capacity - 600 l / day) and high-performance (from 1200 l / day) products designed for permanent residence of a family of 5-6 people.

Triton

Triton septic tanks are compact single-chamber models of the "mini" class (Triton-Mini, Triton-Micro) and models for a large number of drains (from 1000 l / day) with three series-connected chambers (Triton-T). All structures are characterized by increased strength, capable of withstanding loads from soil pressure.

Topas

Models of this brand are energy-dependent (they belong to deep biological treatment plants - they clean wastewater by 98%), but differ from their counterparts in low power consumption. Reviews of septic tanks for a country house brand "Topas" prove their reliability. In addition, users note a large selection of products that differ in technical characteristics (performance, degree of deepening of the sewer pipe, method of draining, etc.).