In some cases (for example, if a metal-tiling system is being arranged over the old soft tiles) is possible. However, it must be understood that a damaged base can begin to rot and, thereby, provoke the failure of a new layer. That is why we would not recommend laying new materials on top of old ones. It is better to remove the damaged building material and complete the required work, as required by the technology.
As practice shows, the vast majority of roofs in ordinary private houses are built in such a way that it is not necessary to dismantle the roof base to install an additional insulating layer. If we talk about multi-apartment facilities, then the situation is different here: since in high-rise buildings fused coatings are used, then insulation becomes impossible.
If there is damage individual elements structure, only these parts can be replaced. In this case, the area of damage should not exceed 35%. For larger problems, it is worth making a complete replacement truss system.
Urgent repair required in case of a serious violation of the tightness of the coating: it may be required when part of the roof is torn off, water leaks during precipitation, peeling, tearing or swelling roofing material.
We provide the following warranty periods:
- soft roof: 5 years
- metal roof: 3 years
- rolled and bituminous coatings: 3 years
- polymer tile and seam covering: 6 years.
Any leak is a problem that requires careful and timely repair. First, it is important to correctly determine the cause of the leak. Secondly, at self repair there is a risk of damage to serviceable elements nearby. If you are not an expert in roofing work we recommend calling a wizard who will not only fix the problem, but also provide a guarantee for their services.
In order to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of water, an examination is necessary, which will be carried out by a specialist. You can independently determine what is the cause of the appearance of moisture by the following signs:
- in the event of a leak in the roof, water begins to drip in the warm season after rain, and in the cold season in sunny weather and sudden warming.
- with the accumulation of condensate, moisture appears constantly and practically does not depend on weather conditions.
The vast majority of urban population lives in apartment buildings. Here I do not want to consider and discuss all kinds of neighbors, but I will only try to highlight the types of residential roofs. apartment buildings. This may be of interest not only to those who are trying to create such a house on your own, but also to a simple private developer who is looking for inspiration.
Varieties of roofs depending on the number of storeys of the building
Residential buildings were built construction organizations a long time ago. At first, these were small buildings, which included only a couple of floors. They could accommodate from a few people to many couples with children. Such dwellings were built from lumber, reinforced concrete, stones and other suitable products. Over time, the length of such buildings began to decrease, and the number of storeys increased.
Low buildings (1-2 floors), as a rule, were equipped gable or hip roof th. In the first case, the developers pursued the goal of creating a simple, but at the same time high-quality roof. As you know, two slopes can reliably protect the structure for many years, and thanks to a good angle of inclination, they allow you to lay almost any coating on yourself. The favorite material of most developers was slate. Thanks to him, the finished building had quite acceptable price which reduced the cost of renting premises.
More high buildings took the idea of the roof from industrial buildings. Flat roofs made it possible to use an even more advantageous coating - roofing material. The bituminous rolled product has high waterproofing performance, so it is very valuable in the entire construction industry. The disadvantages of such a material can be attributed to the fact that for a high-quality surface it has to be laid in several layers, only then the underlying layers will be reliably protected from the harmful effects of moisture.
The old technology for the production of roofing material could not give the material a long operational period. It was only a few years, and after this period, another layer of an identical product had to be laid on the roof plane. To date, such problems have been eliminated, and bituminous roll material has a rather impressive operational period despite the remaining cheapness.
The flat roofs of multi-storey buildings have changed somewhat over time. In the modern world, plants can be grown on them, free time or just go out for a smoke. Such roofs are called exploitable. Their roofing cake is different from most flat roofs. It contains a cement screed, a lot of insulation and other components with a large mass. If you think about it, such a roof has a higher price tag than an unused one, but its advantages are obvious. 
To date, the construction of apartment buildings is dominated by complex roofs. In them you can see a combination of almost all types, for example, flat and spherical, domed and pitched. In most cases, the roof of the building is selected based on functional purpose the building itself, and only then all the other nuances are adjusted.
Material for covering an apartment building
If the construction is carried out by some organization, then obviously their goal is to save. Following this logic, it is not difficult to understand that cheap coatings will be used for pitched roof decking. This category includes:
- Decking
- Ondulin
- bituminous tiles
- metal tile
- Ruberoid
The corrugated board is attached to the crate with the help of special self-tapping screws, therefore, the process of working on the flooring is not so complicated, the main thing is to understand where to start.
Ondulin came to us from Europe and to this day is replacing the old asbestos slate. The only drawback in terms of economy is the need to create a continuous crate, this can take a decent amount of lumber. The most pronounced advantage of ondulin is its low weight, due to which it can be laid over the old coating. Such a tricky trick will save a decent amount on the dismantling of the coating.
Bituminous shingles are reluctantly used by developers chasing economy. The process of laying it is quite tedious, and the price for such work is not small. In terms of value, you get excellent coverage that is almost 100 percent waterproof. On the surface of the tile there is a mineral dressing, which reliably protects the material from mechanical damage. 
The metal tile allows you to give the building a noble appearance. The price of such material is quite rather big, so it is rarely seen on economy projects. Despite this, this product is a very profitable purchase. During its installation, a minimum amount of waste remains, and this is very important.
Absolutely everyone has heard about ruberoid. This is a bituminous roll material with a cellulose base. The service life is a maximum of 10 years, and after this period a new carpet will have to be laid. To create quality surface it is laid in several layers. Manufacturers modern materials do not consider such a product worthy and somewhat changed its structure.
Cellulose was removed from the composition and replaced with a more durable product. Due to this, the service life of the roofing material has increased significantly. By the way, some developers were extremely indignant at the removal of old material from production, and large companies made concessions to them by resuming its production.
If the construction of the building is carried out by a private developer, then most likely the priority will be given to the appearance.
AT recent times a lot of families unite and build one apartment building. This is quite profitable if the land in the city is expensive, and renting a house long time do not want.
As a rule, the height of such buildings does not exceed 3 floors, therefore, both pitched and flat types can be chosen as a roofing system.
Since preference is given to appearance, products such as:
- Ceramic tiles
- Rebated copper and aluminum
- metal tile
- Ondulin
- Other
Positive and negative sides of flat and pitched roofs
It's hard to tell the pros and cons of a design once you've just looked at it. Let's start looking at a simpler roof, namely a flat one. 
The advantages of a flat roof include the following:
- If we compare the area of a flat roof and a pitched one, then the first will be much smaller, although the building will not change its size. If the surface is smaller, then few materials will be needed to cover it.
- The resulting surface can be used for its own purpose. For example, in European countries they are very worried about the ecology of the planet and grow gardens on the roof of their houses. By doing so, they help nature process carbon dioxide into clean air.
- All materials for flat roof decking have high waterproofing performance.
- Fences on flat roofs can be arranged using design idea making your building unique.
- A flat roof on a private house looks quite defiant, this can attract attention to yourself.
- Relative cheapness.
There are a lot of downsides to flat surfaces. It makes no sense to list them all, the main thing is to focus on the main ones.
- Since flat roofs are almost always created without attic space, then the ceiling will be the ceiling. Through it, the heat will leave the room very quickly, so the thermal insulation of the room should be created exclusively from high-quality products.
- When using some coatings, for example, liquid rubber, to move on the surface you will need to create special ladders or bridges. Otherwise, you risk damaging the waterproofing layer, resulting in a leak.
- Poorly matched drainage system can form a large accumulation of moisture on the surface. The ideal solution problem is the vacuum-gravity system. It is able to cope with any amount of moisture and is unlikely to clog during operation.
- A flat roof must necessarily have a fence.
- Service may be a problem in snowy regions of the country.
- No attic space.
Now that you have become familiar with the strengths and weaknesses of flat roofs, you can begin to study pitched ones.
A pitched roof has the following advantages:
- Steep slopes allow sediment to be removed naturally and do not require human intervention.
- Stingrays have optimal angle for many coatings, the choice of material is up to the builder.
- The attic can be used as a warehouse. If the roof is attic, then a living room can be equipped there.
- The attic acts as air gap, so one layer of thermal insulation laid on top of the floor is enough.
Minuses pitched systems:
- While creating high roof, gusts of wind will create heavy load, which can deform the coating, and if you make the slope very flat, then precipitation will accumulate on the surface.
- Most pitched systems are already tired of all developers.
- Large consumption of lumber, which increases the cost of the entire building.
Choosing a roof apartment building you have to study quite a few nuances, for example, the building region, the wind rose, the climate, the number of floors. By gathering together all the data, you can easily decide what exactly suits you personally.
When we talk about "types of roofs" and "types of roofs of houses", we do not always clearly understand the difference between these two concepts. Therefore, before talking about what roofs are, let's find out the differences in the concepts of "roof" and "roof".
The roof (in the traditional sense) is a part of the building structure that provides protection from all types of precipitation, retains heat or protects against overheating. That is, this is the entire upper structure of the structure. For a modern stone building with a flat design, these are floor slabs, heat and waterproofing. Exit, fences, ventilation ducts and their protection, antenna fastening elements, funnels for the release of storm drains are also roof elements. There is no consensus regarding the ownership of the hatch with a lock, which is hung by the ZhES so that they do not climb on the roof. For a house with an inclined (pitched) structure, this concept includes a supporting truss system or trusses, insulation, hydro and wind insulation, pipes, weather vanes and roofing.
In fact, from the point of view of Soviet building science, the roof is a pre-revolutionary and illiterate concept, and only the progressive term “covering” should be used. But in life, even professional designers and builders rarely use it. Perhaps due to the possibility of a dual interpretation. In part, the definition of “covering” has taken root in relation to structures with a supporting reinforced concrete or metal base, mainly flat ones. Call it "cover" upper part St. Basil's Cathedral or the roof of a village hut will not come to mind to any architect, although they were taught them "correctly".
The roof is only a shell that protects the coating from atmospheric influences. The roof does not perform load-bearing functions. That is, floor slabs, truss system, beams, insulation do not apply to the roof. Often, it includes a load-bearing roof preparation: lathing, flooring, screed. The material laid on the prepared surface: Soviet roofing material and slate, folk Russian-French ondulin, fabulous German tiles and New Russian copper are called roofing.
Flat and pitched designs
Roofs are flat and pitched. In accordance with SNiP, roofs with a slope of up to 12 ° are flat, with a large slope - pitched. On flat roofs, the slope is arranged to remove precipitation, 1.5-3 ° is enough.
The flat roof provides a lot of room for imagination in terms of design.
The pitched roof can be very original.
Attic and non-attic roofs
As the name implies, an attic roof has an attic, a non-attic one does not. Russian hut, and indeed most types traditional dwelling all countries and peoples have a ventilated attic. With the exception of mobile housing: yurts, tents, wigwams. It's hard to do there. Also, there are no attics among the tribes living in the equatorial jungle, they do not need them. Attics (technical floors) are in modern multi-storey residential buildings. Therefore, if the roof leaks, the tenants will not know about it immediately.
Atticless (synonymous - combined) coatings can be pitched (mansard) and flat. We are familiar with flat combined structures from panel "Khrushchev". The attic device allows you to use the attic as a full-fledged living space. Non-attic and mansard roofs require good thermal insulation of the upper floor. The roof of a one-story building can also be combined.
Combined gable roof one-story house gives the impression of space
Types of flat coverings
In terms of layout, flat roofs are quite similar, differing mainly in design. By relative position layers of insulation and waterproofing, in addition to the usual type, inversion roofs are also distinguished, in this case, a hygroscopic (waterproof) insulation is located above the waterproofing layer. As load-bearing structures in flat roofs, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete, metal profile with metal beams, wooden beams with solid flooring.
The structure of the roof of a flat roof over a reinforced concrete slab is multi-layer
The area of flat roofs can be used by laying a covering that can be walked on: ceramic or paving slabs, boardwalk, or by arranging a lawn on the roof.
Roof conversion program adopted in New York public buildings to gardens and lawns.
In fact, arranging a lawn on the roof of a house is not as difficult as you might think. Perhaps the only thing that is relatively expensive is a waterproofing polymer membrane. Everything else is quite simple, and grass care is standard: it needs to be mowed and watered in a drought. A layer of earth additionally protects the premises from cold in winter and from overheating in summer.
The design of the lawn on the roof is quite simple. Nessesary to use reliable waterproofing- roofing polymer membrane
Pitched construction details
Before talking about what roof shapes are, let's define the main details of pitched roofs and terms. Main elements: ridge, inclined rib, valley (groove). Overhangs are divided into cornice (lower) and gable (end or gable). For most types of roofing, in addition to the base material, there are separate additional elements for protecting and decorating roof details.
The main elements of pitched roofs are standard.
Consider what are the roofs of houses, depending on the configuration. The forms of pitched roofs are very diverse. More often, the most simple in design and rational single-pitched, gable and hip types and roof structures are used.
The first eight types shown in the illustration are available to a private developer of average income. The rest are quite complex and expensive to implement.
Consider the individual types of roofs and their properties in more detail.
Shed cover
A roof with one slope is as simple as possible structurally, has a minimum number of parts. There is no ridge, for non-ventilated roofing (for example, flexible tile, folded roof) there is no need for special ventilation elements. It is enough to provide a ventilation layer above the insulation, and ventilation holes can be placed in the filing. A shed roof does not have valleys, ribs and ridges, which are most exposed to atmospheric influences. Maximum wear roofing in cold climates, it occurs in the valley, as snow and ice lie there longer. A simple roof with a slope in one direction is exposed to uniform rainfall, ultraviolet radiation and wind. Snow load also distributed evenly. Other things being equal shed roof will last a little longer. And it will cost less: the truss system is simpler, the minimum number of not always cheap additional elements.
Russian project typical house with a pitched roof. A high slope with living rooms should be oriented to the sunny side
Shed roofs are quite popular in developed countries. More often they are used for inexpensive, or, conversely, prestigious housing. For a house with an attic, one slope allows you to rationally organize the layout, bringing living quarters under a high slope, and stairs, bathrooms, and wardrobes under a low one. In a premium-class dwelling, such a roof makes it possible to create magnificent interior.
To build this country house applied simple materials: wood, galvanized metal profile and a lot of glass. Large roof overhangs protect the walls from precipitation, and the premises from overheating. Athermal stained glass windows fill the house with light, open up the landscape and protect people from the cold
The roof with one barrel-shaped slope looks quite interesting.
Gable design
The most common form in the world. A gable (gable) roof is traditional in almost all countries where at least some precipitation occurs. It is not much more difficult to build a supporting structure for two slopes than for one. It is very durable, especially if it is possible to build a closed truss system using a puff.
Tightening (2) tightens rafter legs(one). From the closed triangular contour, only the vertical load is transferred to the Mauerlat (3) and the wall.
For large spans, additional supports must be used.
The gable roof is simple in execution, economical in materials, it is not difficult to build it yourself. Gables serve as a better place than slopes for placing windows; it is easy to equip an attic.
The gable roof fits perfectly into the design frame house, allows you to rationally use the space of the upper floor
The slopes do not have to have the same slope; the shape of the roof may be asymmetrical. The slope of the roof is determined mainly by the layout of the second floor.
The peaked roofs of the half-timbered houses traditionally concealed attics, where the inhabitants stored part of the supplies. In this reconstructed house, the attic is adapted for living quarters.
The Swiss chalet has a gable roof with a slight slope.
The minimal slope and open space of the upper floor create a wonderful, spacious interior
A gable roof can have many options. With a house plan more complex than a simple rectangle, more complex roof shapes are inevitable.
Gable roof with additional gable. With a stretch, it can be called multi-forceps
A gable (as, indeed, a shed) roof is perfect for landscaping.
Green roof slope must not exceed 25°
hip view
A hipped or hipped roof is more complicated than a gable roof. Both the rafter system and the roofing will cost more. But you don't have to build masonry gables. With an inexpensive roofing (asbestos slate, ondulin), a hip roof, taking into account the absence of gables, will cost less than a gable roof. At more expensive - hardly. Of the positive properties hip design we can name the optimal aerodynamic resistance of such a design, which in general can increase its service life (slightly). The slopes on all sides of the house allow you to make large canopies around the perimeter of the entire structure, providing the walls the best protection from precipitation. But in the organization of the attic space, the hipped roof loses.
Simple four-pitched attic roof
There are varieties of hip roofs: semi-hip (an intermediate type of roof between a gable and hip), hip with a visor, or their varieties.
The main part of the roof of a rather complex shape is half-hip. On the right, a bay window with a multi-pitched roof is attached, a pediment is arranged.
The windows in the hip roof have to be built into the slopes, into the roofing. This complicates their construction and operation and is often more expensive than placing a window in a pediment.
Skylights of this type are called "bull's eye"
Multi-slope variety
Hip is called hipped roof. But if the house does not have four outer corners, but more, there will also be more slopes. A roof with more than four slopes is called a multi-pitched roof.
Multi-pitched roof is difficult to install
A hipped roof is called a hipped roof, all the faces (slopes) and edges of which converge at one upper point. Such a roof does not have a horizontal ridge.
hipped roof. It contains three types skylights
Mansard construction
Roofs are called mansard various forms and types that share one common feature: the shape of the slope is broken to increase the height of the attic space. Thus, it is possible to avoid the installation of sloping ceilings, to arrange full-fledged rooms at the top. The broken contour of the rafters can be used for any type of roof: gable, hip, semi-hip and so on.
The truss construction of a gable mansard roof was assembled.
The design of the mansard roof allows you to connect the upper and lower beams (puff), racks, rafters into a single truss, which provides it with extreme strength and allows you to somewhat reduce the cross section of the frame elements.
Load from roof truss mansard roof is transmitted vertically
Mounting the load-bearing structures of mansard roofs is more difficult than for prototypes with a straight slope. Slightly larger roof area. Accordingly, the cost is higher. However, these costs are paid off by increasing the area of \u200b\u200bnormal height by attic floor.
mansard roof based on a double slope. Additional fractures in the eaves area allow creating large overhangs, making the roof vaguely reminiscent of Chinese pagodas
Pleasant to the eye hip mansard roof. Slopes divided into different volumes, Bottom part has a curvilinear shape
Roofs of complex shape
All kinds of domed, conical and closed roofs are complex in execution and were invented by architects to decorate important public buildings. After the period of “crimson jackets” and “locks on the ruble”, complex roofs in the architecture of individual residential buildings are not common.
Residential building with a complex domed roof
Sometimes complex roofs are made up of known elements and are "hybrids" of different types.
This roof combines the features of a gable, hip, semi-hip, pyramidal and conical roofs.
But people tend to decorate their home, make it unusual. Sometimes there are "hybrid" types of roofs, which are difficult to unambiguously define.
The natural slate roof is definitely not flat. Germany
Simple in form, but unusual roof. To be more precise, this house has two of them, downstairs and upstairs.
The roof of this "dugout" would have been designed for sledding in winter, if palm trees were not reflected in the windows. And what type is it?
The choice of roofing material for a pitched roof
Types of roofing are determined by the material of the roofing. The roof can be tiled, metal, shingled, copper and so on. The choice of roofing is primarily determined financial possibilities the developer, the aesthetic tastes of his wife and himself, and secondarily - the shape of the roof and its slope. Roofs of curved shapes are covered with small pieces or flexible coatings, sheet materials are more suitable for simple shed and gable roofs. In the presence of fractures (inclined ribs, valleys), cutting sheets is less rational.
Table shows minimum slopes roofs for different types of roofing
For roofs of simple shapes, any roofing material can be used without restrictions. Roofs of complex curvilinear shape can only be decorated with small pieces (natural tiles, slate slate, shingles, shingles), flexible ( shingles) coating. A roof made of galvanized steel, copper, steel with a titanium-zinc coating is also suitable, provided that the elements are individually cut and the fold is made on site.
So, we found out what types of roofs are. What to choose for yourself? First of all, the roof must fit the budget. How harder form the more money you have to spend. With gable roof any builder can do it. In Germany, there are 80 percent of such roofs. And why are we worse? If you have the funds, you can think of something more original, but simple things can be done beautifully.
Residents of apartment buildings, especially the upper floors, often face the problem of roof leaks. First of all, this problem is relevant for residents of old houses, where the roof due to time and constant exposure to aggressive factors environment, fell into disrepair and went cracked, as a result of which.
Laying a new roofing material on the roof high-rise building
The problem arises, but not everyone knows how to solve it. And it is not uncommon for residents of a house to repair the roof at the expense of personal funds collected additionally in addition to utilities.
In our article, we will help you figure out what to do and where to apply for the need to repair the roof of your house in case it leaks. And also the reader will be able to find out what type the roof of his house belongs to, what types of leaks can threaten her, and what causes them.
In each period of time in the construction of residential apartment buildings, different type roofs, and today there are buildings with such roofs:
So, if we consider how the types of roofs have evolved in construction, we can see that the oldest buildings are the owners of multi-pitched and, they were replaced by single-pitched ones, which were forced out over time. It is pitchless (flat) roofs in apartment buildings that are the most today.
Modern new buildings are already equipped with a complex embossed roof, which allows not only to decorate the appearance of the building, but also to rationally use its surface.
As for the roof structure, all its types have the same constituent elements. So, outer layer roofing is . It can be liquid roofing material, slate (asbestos cement coating), tiles (ceramic, bituminous, cement-sand, metal tiles), rebate (steel, aluminum, copper), corrugated board.
Metal roof covering And this is not a complete list of roofing materials that are offered by modern construction market, but for apartment buildings it is usually limited to the above positions.
The roofing material is fastened and laid on a rafter system or on a flat reinforced concrete slab overlap. Also, any roof is supplied with a waterproofing layer.
Types of roof leaks
According to the nature of leakage, experts distinguish the following types of leaks: 
- snow leaks, which reveal themselves either during the period of friendly snowmelt, or at the time of partial thawing of snow (in the layers of contact between the snow cover and the roofing material);
- storm (rain) leaks detected after the passage of an active downpour;
- "dry" leaks, which are the result of the accumulation of condensed moisture in the interlayer space of the roofing "pie", which usually occur during a hot period of time;
- "Flickering" leaks that occur randomly (in this case, the roof is leaking for no apparent reason).
Causes of roof leaks
As in any other case, it is easier to prevent a leak than to deal with its consequences. And in order to implement preventive measures, it is necessary to understand what reasons can cause the appearance of one or another deformation of the roofing, which lead to a leak.
So, consider the main causes of roof leaks in apartment buildings:
It is quite simple to independently determine the place where the roof of a multi-storey building is actively leaking, especially if the roof is covered with roofing material. Air pockets form at leak points, and the roofing material rises above the leak.
Leak detected - what to do next
Immediately it is worth mentioning that unauthorized self-repair of the roof of an apartment building is strictly prohibited. This should only be done by specialists.
overlap slate roof apartment building And therefore, after you have discovered the presence of a leak in the roof of your house, you must contact the housing maintenance company (ZHEK) you serve with an application for roof repair. Sometimes a simple application left by phone is enough, but most often you will still be required to make a written application.
After that, the degree of destruction of the roofing is assessed and the type of repair is selected. All work on the repair of roofing must be performed by the Housing Office within 5 days from the date of acceptance of your oral (or written) application.
Types of roof repairs
Options for repairing the roof of multi-storey buildings come down to two of its varieties. Let's talk about them in more detail.
Roofing roof repair: ongoing
This repair of the roof of an apartment building is carried out when defects of the old roofing are small in area or in severity.
Complete renovation of the roof truss system of an apartment building As a rule, the current repair does not involve a complete replacement of the roofing material on the roof, as well as the repair of the truss system (if any). During the current repair, patching of the old roofing is carried out.
Current repairs can be carried out according to plan or upon request in the event of an emergency. emergencies associated with roof leaks. It can be carried out in any weather, but preferably, of course, dry and sunny.
This type of repair is the least expensive, and therefore it is he who is often used even when the roof already requires drastic measures.
Roofing roof repair: major
This type of roof repair on the roof of an apartment building involves the complete restoration of all elements of the roofing system, from the rafters to the complete replacement of the roofing material. 
This type of repair is planned and can be carried out even if the roof does not leak at this time. Unlike current repairs, which can be carried out at any weather conditions, capital repairs are planned for the warm season.
During overhaul 100% dismantling of the failed roofing is carried out, as well as a complete repair and restoration of the underlying structure. If the roof has roof structure, the truss system is being replaced. If the roofing material was laid on a reinforced concrete slab, then a fresh screed is poured, as well as the restoration of the waterproofing layer.
The process of pouring a new screed on the roof of the house After the completion of the construction of the base of the roof, a new roofing material is laid. In apartment buildings with flat roof lay sheets of roofing material. To do this, use a burner (gas), the flame temperature of which must be strictly regulated. Otherwise, you can spoil the quality of the roofing material even at the stage of its installation, which will lead to the rapid occurrence of leaks.
The technology of laying rolled or sheet roofing material is familiar to professionals, whose services must be resorted to without fail when organizing and conducting repair work on the roof of an apartment building.
Many of us live in typical panel "nine-story buildings", of which a great many have been built since the seventies. At the same time, a very small number of people are interested in what exactly is the building in which they live, limiting their interests only to their apartment. And I was always interested in how the ecosystem called "home" works.
As a child, I climbed into basements, passed from basement to basement through the windows of the heating main, looked with a flashlight into black windows overgrown with cobwebs, opened closed doors attic hatches. I was interested in everything. The structures, smells and sounds of the roofs and basements told that a house is not just apartments, but a whole complex of complex systems.
And in general, this complements and changes the idea of what a city is and what a person is.
So, today's walk is on the roof of a nine-story building; the one I first climbed in 1995.
02. Last floor the entrance looks like this. It's unusual here high ceiling and there are such metal welded stairs leading to the exit to the roof.
03. To the left of the elevator (right above the entrance to the apartments) there is such a hatch. I believe that it has something to do with the maintenance of elevator equipment.
04. We climb the metal ladder. It is very uncomfortable - you can immediately see that it is not designed for everyday use.
05. Direct access to the roof is closed with a sheet of tin, which is screwed to the base with the help of welded bolts and nuts screwed onto them. We carefully unscrew (and after visiting the roof we also carefully screw it back).
06. We climb one more ladder. It is even more uncomfortable than the previous one.
07. And here we are at the top. The first thing that catches your eye is the ventilation "fungus" of the garbage chute shaft, as well as concrete elements decor that close the windows of the entrance.
08. Let's look back. In 1995, this exit to the roof was closed not with a metal shield, but with such a plump wooden door on hinges (I think, of blue color), upholstered in tin. You can even see the remains of her box over there.
09. The block itself, from which we went to the roof, looks like this. In addition to the exit itself, it also houses an elevator room with elevator equipment machines.
10. Ventilation window of the elevator. The blocks are finished here with the same rubble as the whole house.
11. This one concrete structure in the foreground is the exit of the apartment ventilation. Have you seen such grates in your bathroom and kitchen? They lead to the ventilation shaft, which ends on the roof with such a thing. The wires of the TV network are passed through the reinforcing rings of the shaft cover.
12. Inside the mine looks like this. Pretty clean, by the way. It also has a very specific smell. It smells of some old butter, something like cutlets, some kind of buckwheat - the smell of dozens of cuisines. I remember this smell very well during my very first visit to the roof. At that time, by the way, the mines were dirtier and from there, along with the streams warm air some flakes flew.
13. The entire roof and all surfaces on it are covered with such roofing material for waterproofing. It is quite modern, so grey, it feels almost indestructible from temperature changes. When I was here for the first time, there was such an old black roofing felt, swollen in places from the heat and cracked from frost.
By the way, I do not know what kind of block in the center of the frame.
14. Drain for water. They are located all over the roof in such peculiar lowlands. Have you ever seen how in the rain water flows from such a bent pipe that looks out from the block under the first floor of a nine-story building? This pipe starts high on the roof like this drain.
14. But this metal tube is a cable channel brought out.
15. Now there is cable TV in this house, and once there were large receiving antennas here, I remember them from the first visit to the roof.
Another cable channel, with details of some kind of fastening equipment - maybe just this is what the supporting slings of the antennas were attached to.
16. Some residents install satellite dishes on the roof, using a wall like this elevation, formed due to the difference in height. various parts Houses. The elevation, by the way, is now covered with waterproofing, but I remember the time when there was just a bare wall (it seems even bricked for some reason), and a wooden ladder led from here to the higher part of the house.
17. View from the roof.
18. These wires on insulators are most likely the power grid.
19. Some metal structure at the exit from another entrance. I believe that these are the remains of a homemade antenna.
20. General view of the roof of the house. Here you can clearly see the artificial "bottom" of the runoff for water.
21. The remains of some cable. Most likely - part of the repair winch.
22. Is it scary to walk on the roof? Scary. The fence, which seemed to me a reliable protection in childhood, now turned out to be very low and small.
23. And in some places these "railings" from the corner completely end.
24. So let's look at the corner of the house and go, perhaps, down.
25. The most pleasant thing about walking on rooftops is being back on the ground. Or even so - to be on the ground in the way that was originally planned :)
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