1. With one letter n are written:
one). Adjectives with a non-derivative stem: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in these adjectives. The letter n is part of the root.
2). Derivative adjectives with the suffix -n: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer).
3). Denominative adjectives with suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. with the meaning "name of material, substance"), and -in: mouse, sparrow (adj. with the meaning "belonging").
Exception:
wood, pewter, glass write with two letters nn.
four). Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat.
Exception:
Write with two letters nn words from the list:
given, swaggered, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, coy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unintentional, unguessed
Do not confuse!
The exclusion list does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice , uninvited guest,sworn brother.
5). Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.p.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.
7). Adverbs in -o and -e formed from single-letter adjectives n: windy, neat.
2. With two letters nn are written:
one). Definitive adjectives with the suffix -н, if the root of the noun ends in a letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.
2). Derivative adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: literal, portioned.
Exception:
windy man, windmill , chicken pox, but windless day,lee side.
3). Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective thing.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn.
Write the suffix -nn in verbal adjectives formed from the generative stem with suffixes: -eva//-ova, -eva: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.
It's easier to remember like this: adjectives in yeva + nn + yy, ova + nn + yy, eva + nn + yy.
four). Exception adjectives:
Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - nn .
Exception: the, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, chased, cursed, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected(see paragraph 5).
5). Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from verbs perfect look without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words to remember in paragraph 5, along with other examples).
6). Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn(except for the m.s. singular form, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable.
7). Adverbs in -o and -e formed from two-letter adjectives nn: sincerely, deliberately, calmly.
In adjectives, NN is written in the following cases:
1. If adjectives are formed from nouns:
With the help of the suffix -Н- from nouns with the basis on - Н - (cast iron - cast iron);
With the help of suffixes - ONN, - ENN - (dissertation - dissertation, morning - morning); exception: windy;
2. In short adjectives in the presence of HH in full form (bottomless abyss - bottomless abyss).
Written in adjectives N:
1. in adjectives not formed from other parts of speech (green);
2. in adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes - AN -, - YAN -, - IN - (sand - sandy, clay - clay, goose - goose); exceptions: tin, wood, glass;
3. in short adjectives in the absence of HH in full form (green street - green street).
A significant group of words in the Russian language are the so-called verbal adjectives (adjectives formed from verbs).
When writing Н or НН in the named adjectives, it is necessary to establish: from what kind of verbs this or that adjective is formed (perfect or imperfect): offended from “offend” (perfect verb), braided from “weave” (imperfect verb).
In adjectives, H is written if they are formed from imperfective verbs (mowing - mowed), NN is written if adjectives are formed from perfective verbs (offend - offended). Exceptions: named, planted.
However, it should be remembered that words like: mowed, wounded, formed from imperfective verbs, can turn into participles, and then they are written with NN (mowed, wounded). Participles, unlike adjectives, have dependent words (wicker basket, but: wicker wicker basket).
Participles can also be formed from prefixed verbs (weave - woven), they are written NN.
Conclusions:
1. Do not confuse participles and adjectives.
2. In full passive participles, NN is written:
If there is an attachment or dependent words(corrected manuscript, revised manuscript by the author).
If they (participles) are formed from perfective verbs (prefixed or non-prefixed): break - broken, throw - abandoned, but: break - broken;
In short participles, one letter H is always written (extinguished candle - the candle is extinguished);
The spelling of Н and НН in adjectives is not affected by the prefix NOT, i.e. in the presence of this prefix, as many N are written as without it (ironed suit - unironed suit, painted fence - unpainted fence).
3. Reverse Special attention on which vowel is written in participles before Н or НН. If in a verb indefinite form, from which the participle is formed, before -Th, there is A or I, then in the participle it is also written A, I (pump out - pumped out), in all other cases only E is written in participles (roll out - pumped out).
4. Remember the spelling of words:
Given, desired, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, awake, done (in these adjectives, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, sometimes with the negation of NOT, it is written NN).
5. Passive participles on - OVANNY, - YOVANNY (organized, spoiled, lined) are written with NN, but: chewed, forged.
Exercise.
Mark the numbers of words, phrases, sentences that have spelling errors.
1. Scared
2. Unpaved
3. Loaded
4. Washed - overwashed
5. If a book is poorly read, it cannot be put back on a shelf full of other books.
1. Illustrated magazine
2. Unintentional misconduct
3. Painted fence
4. Baked milk
5. Ironed - suit.
1. Unboiled water
2. Water boiled on a fire
3. Plain dyed fabric
4. Rare road
5. Fresh frozen fish.
1. Timely production
2. Disenfranchised person
3. The plots of these works are complex and intricate
4. Sometimes simple questions are artificially entangled
5. The manners of the artist are very refined.
1. Used suit
2. Untraveled paths
3. Uninvited and uninvited guest
4. The girl is very tactful and well-mannered
5. Theater youth brought up in the classical tradition.
1. Kneaded dough
2. A person involved in a crime
3. Rolled out of the basement barrel
Algorithm for working with Н-НН in the word suffix
1. I see a word with H in the suffix before H consonant the letter means, I always write this adjective H (inter Withn th)
2. I see a word with H in the suffix before H vowel I conduct a word-formation analysis of the letter:
3. The word is formed from a noun means it's an adjective isolate the root and apply the rule(for full and short form):
1) suffix –AN-YANG I write with H(made from something: sand en th)
EXCL: tin yann th, trees yann oh, glass yann th
2) suffix –IN-I write with H(always stressed; someone; from an animated noun:
eagle in th)
3) suffix -ENN-ONN I write with HH(morning enn ii)
EXCL: wind en th
4) the root (base) ends with H + H suffix - I write HH (tuma nn oh, old nn th)
4. The word is formed from the verb I define the form
A) full form I apply the rule:
1) there is a dependent word, it means this is a participle - I write HH(crush enn th paint)
2) there is a suffix -OVA-EVA, which means this is a participle - I write HH(rice ovann th)
3) from the verb of the perfect form, it means this participle - I write HH(on crush enn th)
4) from an imperfective verb, it means that this is an adjective - I write H(crush en th floor)
B) short form define the meaning of the word:
1) direct meaning so this is a short communion - I write H(children sobr en s in class)
2) figurative meaning so this is a short adjective - I write HH(children sobr ann s)
DIFFICULT CASES OF WRITING N - HH
short form
| EXAMPLES | PARTICIPLES (direct meaning, there may be dependent words, can be replaced by a verb) | ADJECTIVES (figurative meaning, qualities of a person) combined with an adverb VERY |
| Full form | H | HH |
| 1.Educated | Educated Educated Educated Educated Educated new commission. | Educated Educated Educated Educated She was smart and educated. |
| 2.Organized | Organized competitions well organized. | Organized Pupils organized, diligent. |
| 3.Excited | Excited Sea excitedly wind. | His speech was excited excited. |
| 4. Scattered | Scattered in the world miracles scattered everywhere. | Absent-minded She was inattentive and distracted. |
| 5.Brought up | Katya was brought up brought up grandmother. | Well-bred Children are smart and brought up. |
| 6.Discreet | Enemy Attack Restrained restrained soldiers. | Restrained Fighters reserved and focused. |
| 7. Focused | Concentrated Troops concentrated in the offensive area. | Focused Students on the exam are attentive and focused. |
| 8.Limited | Limited Brigade limited in time. | Limited Thinking Neighbor limited. |
| 9.Exquisite | Exquisite Resources found directorate. | Exquisite Her manners exquisite. |
| 10. Depressed | The revolt was put down quickly suppressed. | Depressed People were depressed and sad. |
| 11. Considered | Thought out The moves of the game were considered. | Thoughtful Her Behavior thoughtlessly . |
| 12. Confident | Confident Athletes sure in victory. | Confident Movement unsure and awkward. |
| 13.Assembled | A lot of potatoes have been harvested in the fields. | The fighters are collected and attentive. |
| 14. Spoiled | Grandchildren are spoiled by their grandmother. | Spoiled grandchildren are rude. |
| 15. Sublime | Exalted Molchaliny exalted in the world. | Exalted Aspirations lofty, are clean. |
| 16. Well-read | Read Lectures well-read professor. | Well-read Friends well-read and cultural. |
| 17. Tangled | Tangled Traces confused hare. | Tangled Relationship confused strange. |
| 18. Exhausted | Exhausted Babes exhausted expensive. | Exhausted The views of the prisoners exhausted and |
| 19. Hounded | Hounded On the hunt hunted down Fox. | hunted down. Hounded. |
| 20. Launched | Rocket launched launched into the space. | Launched Alley neglected, unorganized. |
| Soulful Risky Arrogant | - - - | The speeches are poignant and sincere. The trip to the mountains was risky. Madam is very arrogant. |
adjectives
remember spelling
| vocabulary words | depend on the value | ||
| H | HH | from nouns | from verbs |
| 1. windy (excl.) 2. vigorous (excl.) 3. written gorgeous 4. named brother (BUT! called by name) 5. Forgiveness Sunday 6. living room - hotel 7. planted father (BUT! A planted tree) 8.dowry brides 9. sister-in-law 10. finished man (BUT! Finished business) 11. sanguine 12. silver 13. twisted guy 14. omshanik ( for bees) 15. smart 16. hard worker PRIMARY 1. crimson 2. buckskin 3. black 4. single 5. green 6. spicy 7. drunken 8. rye 9. ruddy 10. zealous 11. pig 12. blue 13. young POSSESSIVE 1. mutton 2. peacock 3. carp 4. seal 5. pheasant 6. monkey BUT! monkey house | 1. slow 2. desired 3. cutesy 4. sacred 5. unexpected 6. unexpected unexpected 7. unseen seen 8. unheard of heard 9. unexpected 10. given 11. pecked 12. promised 13. desperate 14. dowry 15. protege 16. done 17. cursed 18. alert 19. twitchy human 20.attorney in business 21. teetotaler 22. swaggered (swagger = pride) 23. chased (chased = ax) 24. counted 25. erased 26. read 27. stirrups 28. homegrown BUT! Erased-re-erased Read-re-read!! unexpected - unexpected | WIND Windy day Windy man Without (under) windy BUT! wind turbine | |
| OIL oil (for oil on oil from oil) oil stain Oil paint | BUTTER Buttered (soiled soaked greased) buttered pancake, porridge | ||
| SALT saline solution | SALT salted fish | ||
| SILVER silver ring | SILVER silver copper | ||
| RESIN torch | tar tar boat |
ATTENTION!
Honored e n (from honor it)
Dosto and n (from worth th ny) -
Dosto and nstvo.
Udli n e nn th (- udli n it - length n a)
It is written -НН-:
In participles:
In adjectives:
if the stem of the word ends in -N- (Н + suffix Н = НН) | mist + H = misty picture + H = picture |
if the word is formed with suffixes Onn-, -enn- | straw + enne = straw station + onn = station |
in three words, which are the exception: | |
In verbal adjectives ending in -ovanny, -evanny (exceptions: forged, chewed. BUT! Forged (with what?) Copper chest, chewed (perfect view) | PAINTING, SCARED, STUFFED |
In some verbal adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs (they must be remembered): | seen, given, desired, unseen, unexpected, minted, unexpected, unheard, unintended, pecked, sacred, promised, desperate, deprived, counted |
Exception:
Adjective windy spelled with one -N-.
BUT! Windless.
It is written -N-:
In participles:
In adjectives:
Rules | Examples | Exceptions |
if adjectives are formed without a suffix | youthful, spicy | |
in relative adjectives formed with suffixes -an-, -yan- | leather + en = leather wool + yang = woolen | pewter, wood, glass |
In possessive adjectives formed with the suffix -in- | swan + yin \u003d swan eagle + in \u003d eagle | |
In adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -n-, -en- and without dependent words | laden (wagons) knitted sweater) fried potatoes) | desired sacred unguessed unheard of |
In the exception windy (BUT! windless) | windy (BUT! windless) | |
In adjective oil, i.e. "consisting of oil", "made in oil", "working on oil" | oil |
In short adjectives, in nouns and adverbs, as many N are written as in the full form of the adjective from which they are formed:
Cloudy morning - cloudy morning, it was cloudy.
Speech is long - speech is long, speak long, original.
Modern language - she is modern, contemporary, dress modern.
H / HH in participles and verbal adjectives
Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that regularly make mistakes in dictations, essays and tests.
First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, CUT TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, TREES HAVE BEEN CUT.
But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:
1) the sacrament has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;
2) the participle was formed from the verb of the perfect form, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? - perfect form);
3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE OVEN;
4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED PERSON.
If a word does not have any of these features, then it is spelled with one N.
In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the words-exceptions: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, UNINTENDED, WANTED, PRECIOUS, SACRED, SMOOTH.
Reasoning patterns
(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase LAUNCHING GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: NEGLECTED GARDEN.
(2) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase BROKEN LOOK? First of all, we look to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step is to determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROCHE_NY was formed from the verb TO THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters H: LOOKING OUT.
(3) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase OVEN Roast FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the sacrament it is necessary to write two letters H: FISH ROASTED IN THE OVEN.
(4) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, two letters H must be written in it: ASPHALTED HIGHWAY.
(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVING from the phrase WEAVING BASKET? Since it does not have a prefix, there are no dependent words, there are no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the verb of the imperfect form WEAVING (what to do?), you need to write one letter H: WITTED BASKET.
AN EXERCISE
“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time delighted look.
Levin immediately thought of this, but, in spite of this, he decided that Sviazhsky’s views of him were only his baseless assumption ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Well, an uninvited guest,
Perhaps the father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love_n oh!
Scarlet ribbons were woven into her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Unseen beauty.
Who wants to welcome us, if you please;
The door is open for the called and the uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
... Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that have been applied in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
And that consumptive, relative to you, enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
And then she thinks -
God knows why
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A marvelously well-coordinated carriage ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Levin always came to Moscow agitated, hurried, a little embarrassed and irritated by this embarrassment and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected way of looking at things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
No, in this cut down forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a frilled nightgown and lay down ... (Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles an hour
Zakova_n is coming ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
With a face mutilated with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began pulling on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Darya Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant, unseen carriage...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Finally married his daughter
I took it - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
She remembered how she almost told a confession that her husband's young subordinate had made to her in Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Towards dinner they arrived: an old cousin of Alexei Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man recommended to Alexei Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the appointed hour for the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for offended feeling! ..
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch ... in this playful courtship ... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
What is the politest name for such people?
Tenderer? - he is a man of the world,
Notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonych Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
For the fact that he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to compliment.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
You sit for an hour
Unoppressed, cheerful mind
Working meanwhile...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Loading...