Chimney and ventilation duct in one pipe. Do-it-yourself chimney in a private house. Ensuring the efficient operation of the smoke exhaust system

Ideas about the correct operation of the chimney are necessary not only for its construction, but also for proper operation. A chimney for a gas boiler is provided without fail. Its purpose is to prevent combustion products from entering the room. Wastes from gas combustion are extremely dangerous for humans, so ventilation should be given special attention.

Types of structures

The exhaust pipe for the heating boiler is manufactured using four technologies. When designing a ventilation system, choose which one to use.

Brick chimney

A technology that was invented many centuries ago. A brick gas pipe is a time-tested, but outdated option. The disadvantages of the design include:

• Price. Brick does not belong to cheap building materials, even if you can find ceramics at a bargain price, the cost of performing one cubic meter of brickwork is from 2000 to 5000 rubles. The price depends on the complexity of the masonry and the region of construction.
• Labor intensity. The work will take a long time to complete.
• Massiveness. Brickwork is a heavy structure. A brick exhaust pipe will create additional pressure on the foundations of the house, which will increase their value.

For these reasons, more modern technologies are currently preferred.

stainless steel

Characterized by a wide range of models. The stainless steel pipe is made from materials of the following grades:

• 430 for chimneys operated in a low-aggressive environment;
• 321, 316, 304 are resistant to acids and high temperatures;
• 310S are the strongest and most durable.

Chimneys made of stainless steel are resistant to mechanical damage and exposure to aggressive acid environments. They can be either single or double. When using the technology “the free space between the walls is laid with a heater, forming a kind of sandwich. Thermal insulation prevents heat loss and overheating of the premises. It is especially important that a high-quality gas roller passes through an unheated attic space. It is necessary to insulate the chimney pipe to prevent condensation.

If condensate has appeared, it is important to notice it in time and take measures to eliminate it. To do this, understand the nature of the phenomenon. Condensation will form if warm air contact with a cold surface. This problem occurs for all types, but is especially relevant if it is made of steel.

Steel has a high thermal conductivity, which means it quickly releases heat. In a cold attic without proper insulation, it is always cold. And the air coming from the gas boiler is heated, this leads to the loss of liquid droplets on the inner surface. Galvanized steel requires insulation, this will prevent the appearance of an undesirable phenomenon. The rules are also valid for other types of chimney.

A fireplace with a coaxial chimney looks very aesthetically pleasing

Coaxial chimneys

The uniqueness of the device is that the ventilation pipe is made using a special technology. The chimney consists of two pipes nested one inside the other. To prevent contact, holding bridges are provided between them. The chimney performs two functions at once:

• removes combustion products along the primary circuit;
• supplies the second circuit.

The design allows you to remove the requirements for a chimney for a gas boiler for ventilation of the room. This is true when installing a heater in the kitchen, the volume of which does not allow for normal ventilation for the received power of the device.

Due to the features of the system, condensation does not form in it. This is due to the fact that the air between the two pipes provides the required thermal insulation. The design is efficient, so it can be less than in other cases.

Ceramics

Uncommon in construction. Ceramic products for the chimney are characterized by the following advantages:

• simplicity;
• ease of installation;
• reliability;
• fire resistance;
• price.

Chimney elements

Phoenix chimney elements: adapter Ø150.

Regardless of the chosen material for manufacturing, the installation of the chimney is associated with the use of the following elements:

• adapter for connecting the chimney pipe and the branch pipe of the heating device;
• clamps and brackets for fastening to walls;
• gas condensate collector;
• telescopic tube;
• head on the chimney pipe;
• taps.

Condensate trap in a tee designed for revision. A fitting is provided at the bottom of the tee to remove settled resins and combustion products.

Ensuring the efficient operation of the smoke exhaust system

Usually stainless steel chimneys are modular system chimney

The safety of people in the room depends on the quality of installation and design of the chimney. A pipe of any design is installed in accordance with SNiP "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". Deviations from this normative document will lead to incorrect operation of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system. SNiP ventilation and heating regulates the basic requirements for the design, so familiarization with it during self-assembly is mandatory.

The effective operation of smoke exhaust is influenced by:

• correct assembly of the condensate collector;
• the absence of unnecessary elements on the head) "
• compliance of the diameter of the outlet pipe with the power of the gas boiler and the volume of the room;
• tightness of joints and joints;
• sufficient outlet height above the roof;
• providing good traction;
• the correct assembly of the structure, the absence of errors during installation;
• timely check gas equipment, elimination and prevention of problems;
• cleaning the condensate collector from contamination.

Advice! If the pipe is not raised high enough above the roof, a phenomenon such as back draft may occur. This is typical not only for chimneys, but also for ventilation ducts. In the case of ventilation ducts, improper operation of the system leads to unpleasant consequences, but is not dangerous to health. If reverse draft occurs during smoke removal, there is a danger of poisoning a person with combustion waste, therefore, in order to prevent disastrous consequences, it is necessary to take care of sufficient removal of chimneys.

Chimney device

Chimney device for a gas boiler

There are two options for the location of pipes for the removal of combustion products:

• inside the building;
• outside.

The internal chimney is located in the wall structure. For brick building ducts for the chimney are arranged using the same technology as the ventilation ducts. Depending on the power of the boiler, the diameter of the pipes is selected. For one heating device for a small house, for example, a coaxial pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is enough. If several pipes are laid in the channel under the chimney, the distance between them is assumed to be at least 20 mm. This will ensure the safety of the work.

Having decided on the pipes, according to their size, they select the dimensions of the mine in a brick wall. It is important to remember that a brick wall with a thickness of at least 120 mm is being erected on each side of the channel. It follows that it will not work to run a chimney in a wall with a thickness of less than 380 mm. The location of heating devices and the required wall thickness in these places are determined at the design stage of the building, which avoids problems and additional ones during construction.

The device for removing combustion products inside the building is characterized by one advantage: insulation is required only for a part of the pipe that goes to the roof or passes through the volume of a cold attic. The disadvantages of the method are much more:

• probability of getting into the room;
• repair without dismantling wall structures will not work;
• the complexity of the construction process.

Despite the disadvantages, this method remains the most common. Since the pipe brought to the roof looks more aesthetically pleasing than attached construction. In addition, the location of the smoke exhaust pipe is determined depending on the location of the gas heater. It is not always possible to place the equipment so that it is adjacent to the outer walls. At the same time, make sure that the chimney does not fall on the main facade of the building. With internal laying, such problems do not need to be solved.

Fire-fighting measures for the installation of furnaces and chimneys

The advantages of autonomous chimneys include:

• safety of use;
• ease of construction;
• accessibility for repairs.

Cons - it is required to provide thermal insulation along the entire height, it is difficult to fit into the external appearance of the building. The choice of the location of the pipe is left to the owner of the future home.

The chimney can be positioned in two ways:

• horizontally - output through the wall;
• vertically - output through the roof.

It is allowed to lay horizontally if the heater is located close to the outer wall. The best option is the second one.

The work is done in the following order:

• marking the location of the holes for the pipes and checking it (the holes are cut out in a horizontal arrangement, with a vertical one, channels are already provided for them when laying walls);
• cutting holes;
• connection of the branch pipe from the boiler and the adapter;
• connection of revision device and condensate collector;
• installation of pipes, building them in height (length, with a horizontal arrangement);
• joints are reinforced with clamps;
• at the level of ceilings, it is attached to the pipe steel sheet, which is pinched by slabs or beams;
• fastening with clamps in increments of 200 cm and brackets every 400 cm;
• installation of a slanting end (tip);
• warming.

Chimney Requirements

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Requirements for pipes are regulated by such regulatory documents as SNiP and GOST. The following are the important requirements of these regulations:

• The chimney has a vertical orientation, ledges or bends are not allowed. If absolutely necessary, it is allowed to rotate the gasket by 30 degrees while maintaining the diameter. The length of the turning section is limited. After shifting to the required position, the pipe is again laid vertically.
• With a room height of three meters, horizontal sections are allowed, the length of which in total does not exceed 3 m.
• It is forbidden to install more than three turns of one pipe.
• The chimney is not laid through rooms with a lack of ventilation.
• It is not allowed to lay through residential premises.
• Channels are laid only in the construction of walls made of durable materials. In porous laying is not allowed (for example, foam concrete).

Dl I have a normal job gas appliances require a constant supply of clean air, which is provided by natural supply and exhaust ventilation.

The removal of combustion products from gas appliances is provided through the chimney.

To remove the products of combustion of gas into the atmosphere, there must be a certain thrust - a force that causes air to enter the chimney, and the resulting combustion products move along the chimney and dissipate into the atmosphere.

The draft depends on the temperature difference between the smoke and air, the height of the chimney and a number of other factors.

To ensure better traction, the temperature of the exhaust gases must be high. The temperature of exhaust gases from water heaters is 180-200С. Due to the cooling of the LST and the suction of air in the draft stabilizer, the temperature drops. During the operation of chimneys, condensation of vapors from flue gases must be excluded. Wetting of the channel reduces traction, leads to its destruction, in the winter season it can lead to freezing and blockage of the channel. The temperature at which condensation begins is called the dew point. For natural gas combustion products = 60-65оС. Air leakage in the draft stabilizer reduces relative humidity exhaust gases, while the dew point is also reduced to 40-50 degrees. To avoid condensation, the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the pipe head is usually assumed to be 65°C. Draft decreases at high ambient humidity.

Appointment and arrangement of the chimney. Chimney requirements. Operation of chimneys

Chimneys are arranged in the internal capital walls. They are made of red burnt brick of the 1st grade, from asbestos-cement, pottery pipes and heat-resistant concrete blocks.

The cross section of the chimneys must be:

• From red brick - 130 x 130mm, 130 x 250mm,
• From pipe materials- with a diameter of 100 (150) mm, but in all cases not less than the diameter of the outlet pipe of the device. It is allowed to lay chimneys in external walls, provided that the thickness of the outer wall of the chimney must be not less than the thickness of the wall itself and not less than 38 cm

Chimneys must be vertical without ledges. Deviation from the vertical is allowed at an angle of not more than 30 degrees with a horizontal deviation of not more than 1 m. Deviation from the vertical is performed by smooth withdrawals with a constant unchanging cross section. The laying of chimneys must be dense. The inner surface of the masonry must be flat, smooth, without sagging mortar. The cross section of the chimney must be respected along its entire length.

At the bottom of the chimney, a pocket with a hatch and a lid is arranged, which serves to clean the chimney from soot debris, etc.

The depth of the pocket must be at least 25 cm, counting from the bottom of the iron connecting pipe at the point of entry into the chimney.

At the intersection of the chimney with interfloor ceilings fire-prevention cuttings are arranged (masonry thickening). For combustible ceilings - at least 38 cm. Fire cutting is performed from felt soaked in a clay solution.

The distance from the ZhST to fireproof ceilings is at least 5 cm, to wooden plastered (combustible) ceilings and walls - at least 25 cm. A decrease from 25 to 10 cm is allowed when the wall or ceiling is upholstered with roofing steel on asbestos sheet 3 mm thick. The insulation must extend beyond the dimensions of the pipe by 15 cm on each side.

The part of the chimney located above the roof is called the "head". External surface the head is plastered cement mortar in a ratio of 1:3, a layer thickness of at least 4 cm. After plastering, the heads are whitened and numbered.

It is allowed to provide wind protection devices on the channels.

Chimneys must have a certain height relative to the roof ridge

The location of the chimneys relative to the roof ridge

• If the cap is located horizontally from the roof ridge no more than 1.5 m, its height should be 0.5 m above the roof ridge. If the head is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 meters relative to the ridge, its height corresponds to the level of the roof ridge. If the head is located further than 3 m from the roof ridge, its height should not be lower than the line drawn from the ridge to the horizon line at an angle of 10 degrees.
• The operation of chimneys is significantly affected by the wind backwater zone - the space below the line drawn at an angle of 45 degrees from top point buildings, structures located closer than 15 meters from the house with chimney caps.
• Conclusion (building) chimney above the wind backwater zone (the extended part is shown by the dotted line). At a certain wind direction in the zone of wind backwater, high blood pressure. This causes the draft in the chimney to deteriorate until it stops and overturns. To eliminate this phenomenon, the chimney is built up above the backwater zone. Similar work is carried out under the project.
• In any case, for gable roofs, the height of the head should be at least 0.5 m relative to the roof. The height of the caps for flat roofs must be at least 2 meters.
• Chimneys provided from each appliance are called separate.
• In existing residential buildings, it is allowed to connect no more than 2 devices to one chimney, provided that the cross section of the chimneys allows their simultaneous operation and the introduction of combustion products into it on different floors or at the same level, with a device in the cross section of the channel, a height of at least 75 see Such chimneys are called combined.

Requirements for chimneys:

• must be tight;
• a certain section;
• permitted materials are used;
• must provide the necessary traction;
• should not have blockages, blockages, blockages;
• should not be located in the area of ​​​​wind backwater.

Checking chimneys for density is checked by burning strongly smoking materials in a pocket. The outlet of the pipe above the roof is closed. The appearance of smoke in adjacent canals or rooms adjoining the canal indicates that the canal is not isolated or dense. The cleanliness of the internal cavity of the chimney and the density of the channels in small houses can be checked by lowering into the channel on a durable cord of a 12 volt electric lamp; 500 W. View the tested and neighboring channels. The presence of light from a lamp in an adjacent channel indicates leakage. The location of the leak is determined by the length of the cord.

Iron connecting pipes

• To remove combustion products from a gas appliance into the chimney, iron connecting pipes (ZHT) are made of roofing or galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm. Flexible corrugated metal pipes or unified elements supplied with the equipment are allowed.
• The diameter of the ZHST should not be smaller diameter outlet pipe of the device. The links of the connecting pipes must be tightly, without gaps, pushed one into the other along the smoke path by at least 0.5 pipe diameter. For leaks, an asbestos cord and soaked asbestos are used.
• The value of the vertical part of the ZHST should be at least 0.5 m. If the design of the device provides for a draft breaker, and the height of the room is 2.7 m, then it is allowed to reduce the size of the vertical section to 0.25 m. The total length of the horizontal sections of the ZHST in existing residential houses should not exceed 6 m. For new construction - no more than 3 m.
• No more than 3 angles of rotation are allowed with a radius of bending of the elbows not less than the diameter of the pipe itself. A conical insert is installed at the point where the LST enters the chimney, preventing the LST from entering the chimney section, or a restrictive washer is installed.
• The place where the LST enters the chimney is sealed. Suspension and fastening of pipes must exclude their deflection. The slope of the connecting pipe must be at least 0.01 (1 cm per 1 m) towards the device.
• The distance from the ZHS to the fire-retardant ceilings must be at least 25 cm.
• ZhST are painted with fire-resistant varnishes (Kuzbass varnish, bronze paint, silver paint).

ZhST malfunctions:

• incorrect assembly of links;
• narrowed section;
• the presence of a counter slope;
• looseness in the links;
• leaks at the point of entry of the ZHST into the chimney;
• deviation of the ZHST from the vertical;
• burnt links.

Chimney malfunctions, in which gas appliances are disconnected from the gas supply:

• obstruction, blockage, blockage of the channel section;
• destruction brickwork chimney;
• the head of the chimney is located in the zone of wind backwater;
• violation of the terms of service of the chimney;
• narrowed section of the chimney;
• lack or insufficient depth of the pocket;
• lack of draft in the chimney.

Purpose and arrangement of ventilation ducts. Inspection procedure and maintenance. Registration of the check

Ventilation ducts serve to provide natural supply and exhaust ventilation premises where gas appliances and gas pipelines are located, and must provide 3-fold air exchange within an hour. Unorganized air flow into apartments is carried out through windows, vents, balcony doors, to the basement through the vents in the outer walls. In gasified premises, unregulated grids with a constant cross section are installed.

The ventilation system in a gasified house consists of:

• ventilation grill;
• a small horizontal section of the ventilation duct;
• vertical ventilation duct.

Exhaust grilles should be placed:

• under the ceiling, no closer than 2 m from the floor to the bottom of the hole;
• not lower than 0.1 m from the ceiling plane to the top of the opening in the room with a height of not more than 4 m.

Ventilation ducts of buildings with a height of less than 5 floors are made individually. Such channels provide fire safety ventilation system and fully comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements.

When the number of floors is 5 or more than 5, it is allowed to combine individual vertical exhaust ducts into a prefabricated ventilation duct, which is located in the attic, and from there air is thrown out through the vertical exhaust shaft.

For one apartment, exhaust ducts from the kitchen and bathroom, as well as the toilet and bathroom, are allowed to be shared. The draft is checked with a sheet of thin paper, which should be attracted to the exhaust grill and held in this position. At the same time, in accordance with the standard "Ventilation systems for residential buildings" ZhNM-2004/02, the inflow of outside air and its flow from other premises of the apartment must be ensured. If double-glazed windows are installed or window frames are sealed, the control of the operation of natural ventilation is carried out with ajar air supply devices.

It is forbidden to check the draft of the ventilation ducts with fire.

Cleaning methods and techniques vertical channels similar for chimneys.

The main malfunctions of ventilation systems are low draft or its complete absence, which can be caused by:

• clogging of channels with debris;
• leakage of vertical channels, prefabricated ventilation ducts;
• incorrect location of the head;
• malfunction of the finish of the mines outside or inside;
• malfunction or absence of umbrellas or deflectors;
• malfunction of the ladders through the boxes in the attic.

The most serious malfunctions that can lead to poisoning of people, fires should be eliminated immediately.

The correct output of combustion products is perhaps the main requirement for the normal operation of heating units, as well as necessary condition for home security. Wrong chimney installation and an irresponsible approach to the assembly process can cause smoke in the room, back draft and, finally, a fire.

The flue - an integral part of any heated room. It is a vertical pipewhere natural draft is created. With its help, all combustion products that were formed during the operation of the heating system are freely discharged into the atmosphere.

What are the main parameters of a good chimney?

• Quality fuel combustion
• Active heating of the walls
• Ideal traction
• Overcoming the condensation threshold
• Strength
• Convenience

The materials used in the manufacture of the device can be very different. Ceramic, welded, brick and corrosion-proof bends are widely used. Each of them has its pros and cons.

It is considered the most refractory and practical, but during operation, soot gradually settles on the inner walls, which leads to a decrease in traction. Installation of a ceramic channel is a very laborious and difficult process, since metal rods pass inside, giving strength to the structure. But such chimneys are resistant to atmospheric phenomena and condensate. Welded appliances are cheap, but they are “afraid” of corrosion, and stainless steel ones, although expensive, are universal.

In any case, when installing a structure from any material, it is necessary to follow the basic rules of the VDPO:

The amount of pipe elevation can depend on many factors. These include the presence next to the heated building of higher structures, roofing material, neighboring extensions. When installing, please note that the flue must be:

• Above a flat roof - at least 50 cm
• Above the roof ridge - at least 50 cm, subject to a distance of 1.5 m from the edge of the ridge
• Not lower than the roof ridge, provided that the smoker is located at a distance of 1.5-3 m from the ridge
• Not below the line laid at an angle of 10 degrees from the ridge, and the device is located at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge

Coaxial chimney: installation standards

Today there are heating boilers that are already equipped forced system draft and a special fan. The exhaust gases, in this case, are discharged through a coaxial mechanism. Its device is quite simple.

The equipment consists of two pipes, one of which takes in air from the outside, and the other removes exhaust gases. There are two types of coaxial taps - vertical and horizontal. The advantages of such structures are high efficiency of heating units, economy, high fire resistance, good condensate drainage system, low weight and ease of use.

All installation work must be carried out by qualified personnel. They not only perfectly know how to install a chimney, but are also guided by the generally accepted standards for the installation of such devices (SNiP 2.04.08-87) and the “Safety Rules in the Gas Industry”:

• The gas pipeline is entered directly into the room with thermal units
• Optimal natural gas supply pressure - 0.003 MPa
• Flue gas removal is regulated by SNiP 2.04.05-91
• Gas venting is permitted through the outer wall of the building if the heat generators have a forced venting function

Before starting work, please read technical documentation and installation instructions for the device, since the design of coaxial devices is different from the rest.

Features of installation of chimneys in baths and saunas

A smoking stove in a bath is the main object of discomfort for a person. Combustion products can pretty much spoil the nerves and health, as well as damage the furniture and decoration of the steam room. To avoid smoke in the room and significant material costs, it is necessary to properly organize the smoke exhaust system.

The installation of the chimney in the bath should be carried out taking into account all the standards, as well as structural features. Since we are talking about a room with a high temperature, the material must be as heat resistant as possible. Do not invent many twists and turns. The simplest form of the smoke channel will work more efficiently.

The issue of the size of the bath chimney should be approached with all responsibility. It is the height and diameter, or rather their ratio, that will play a decisive role in the traction force that must always be present in the pipe. The diameter depends on the power of the equipment and on the outlet pipe, and the height depends on the type of roof, but be at least 5 meters.

There are also some features. For example, horizontal parts of the structure do not need to be made longer than 1 m. Hot air always tends to rise, and wide horizontal sections can cause reduced traction and rapid soot deposition.

If a brick version of the output of combustion products is planned in the bath, then the masonry plan should be drawn up in such a way as to achieve maximum smoothness of the inner walls of the pipe and tightness of the seams.

The important point is isolation. From its quality will depend on the efficiency and safety. For example, non-combustible mineral wool will be an excellent cut-off at the points where the smoker comes into contact with flammable building elements (wooden beams, trim, etc.)

Basic requirements for a chimney:

High-quality installation of chimneys for gas boilers is the basis for the efficient service of heating equipment and safety. Today, almost every modern boiler has automation that shuts off the gas supply in the event of a deterioration in traction. But you should not connect the heating equipment to the chimney yourself, let the professionals do it.

Requirements for the installation of chimneys for gas boilers

Most often, it is an improperly arranged chimney that can spoil the mood of the owner of a country house. The smell of smoke that appears in the premises from time to time, drops of condensate outside the pipeline, sometimes back draft and the risk of fire - all these misunderstandings are a direct cause of a violation of comfort. The top of the chimney, protruding above the roof, represents only a small part of that complex constructive solution, which helps to remove products from the combustion of fuel from the house.

In order to properly build a chimney and then operate it with high efficiency, every homeowner simply needs to know what factors affect the quality of work and the requirements for smoke channels, the rooms through which they pass. Such technical details and characteristics are explained in the collections of SNiP. Chimneys, made in accordance with the norms, will always delight the owner with impeccable work.

Types of chimneys depending on the material

Brick chimney is used very rarely nowadays. For the device of such a pipe, the construction of a supporting foundation is required. The brick eventually undergoes destruction from the inside and can pass a certain amount of gases.

For some interiors use decorative brick chimney. but a stainless steel pipe is laid inside. The operation of a mixed chimney is actually quite effective.

Steel pipe chimney

• The single pipe is used for insertion into a masonry structure, for repair work or for a temporary test installation.
• A double-walled pipe or sandwich is very often used for a chimney. Its principle is based on the work of pipes of large and small sizes, nested one inside the other. The gap between their walls is filled with insulation, which prevents condensation from forming on the walls of the chimney.
• The coaxial version of the chimney is used in those heating systemswhen combustion requires air supply and smoke outflow at the same time. Chimneys designed for double action have two pipes, as in a double-walled version, only the space between their walls is not filled with insulation, but serves to move fresh air. Smoke is removed along the inner diameter.

Prefabricated elements for a steel chimney of gas equipment

1. Couplings for connecting the outlet of a gas boiler and a pipe.
2. The main pipes, produced for ease of installation, are 1 m long.
3. A tee for cleaning and checking for clogging of the pipe, installed in a horizontal section.
4. Condensate collection tee, mounted at the point where the chimney turns into a vertical position.
5. Corners for turning pipes from a gas boiler.
6. Compensator for softening the linear expansion of the chimney when the temperature changes.
7. Node for designing the channel exit through the overlap.

Conditions for the arrangement of smoke channels for gas boilers in accordance with SNiP

A separate chimney should be provided for each gas appliance. As an exception, it is allowed to connect two boilers to the same smoke extraction system. But this can be done with an interval of 0.75 m from the previous tie-in.

Provide obligatory sealing of pipes and their connections to prevent leakage of carbon monoxide into the interior of the house.

Perform all measures to remove condensate from the pipes. In order to avoid its formation, it is recommended insulate the outer sections of the pipes .

The internal cavity of the chimney must be free of obstructions, dirt and soot throughout. All pollution leads to a decrease in traction.

Pipe size cannot be smaller size exit from the gas boiler, the same width or more is allowed. A circular section of the pipe is considered ideal, sometimes it is possible rectangular or square .

Requirements for the material of the chimney according to the norms of SNiP

The chimney pipe must be made of a material that does not burn, it must resist fire at high temperatures for an hour.

Sealants must be fire resistant

and not lose their insulating properties when heated, all the more disintegrate and open places for smoke to escape.

It is not allowed to change the diameter of the pipe, expansion and narrowing along the entire length of the chimney. This reduces draft and results in poor combustion or smoke. inner space premises.

The top of the chimney must rise more than the roof ridge or be equal in height to it. The farther the chimney outlet is from the ridge, the lower the chimney can be made.

Requirements for the room in which the gas equipment is located

The utility room in which the gas boiler is planned to be placed must be well ventilated. Be sure to provide natural ventilation outflow of air flow. To ventilate the room, you need a window in the window. If the hood is forced, then air exchange occurs due to the flow of fresh flows from adjacent rooms.

Entrance doors to the premises should open out as required by safety regulations, so that a person can freely leave the premises in an emergency, and not be crushed by the door.

In a room with gas boilers and water heaters not recommended to install switches and sockets. If there is a gas leak, a spark may result from the connection of the switch terminals.

Requirements for chimneys of gas boilers in accordance with the norms of SNiP

The design of the boiler chimney must be carried out strictly according to the instructions and special attention is paid to the little things. It must meet the standards and requirements specified in the description of the gas heating boiler. These conditions are necessary for the normal functioning of the chimney structure for a long period of time.

When assembling and installing the chimney, it is mandatory compliance with the rules fire safety . When passing through a wall made of wood, the pipe is wrapped in asbestos, and the insulation around is made of non-combustible material.

When passing through a brick or concrete wall, it is enough to isolate the hole around the pipe with mounting foam for winter work.

The speed of gases and combustion wastes inside the chimney must be at least 15 m per second.

The thickness of the pipes is at least half a millimeter. Steel is more suitable for making pipes. Sometimes an admixture of titanium is added to it for strength. Such materials well resist corrosion from the aggressive effects of gases.

To make it easy to clean the chimney of gas boilers from time to time, you need to perform revision tees throughout the outgoing structure.

No matter how complex the smoke channel is planned, it should not turn more than three times, and the radius of direction change cannot be smaller than the inner diameter of the pipes.

All pipe connections are made with crimp collars. using thermal sealants. Fastening from the outside is done with brackets on dowels or anchors at a distance of 2 m.

The horizontal or vertical line of pipes must be straight, no bends are allowed.

If the chimney from the gas boiler is located on a flat roof, its height must be at least half a meter above the cover. When the exit of the smoke channel of the gas boiler is located closer than one and a half meters to the ridge of the pitched roof, it should protrude half a meter above the ridge.

If the exit is located more than the specified distance, then the top of the chimney must match the height of the roof at its highest point.

Requirements for connecting parts according to SNiP

Installation of all elements of the smoke channel of a gas boiler is carried out from the bottom up, from the boiler outlet.

All non-standard pipe connections, for which ready-made fittings are not provided, are made of steel using welding technology .

The total length of the joined parts should not exceed 3 m for new buildings and 6 m for old buildings.

The slope of the horizontal pipe from the boiler must be 0.01. The slope is carried out from the boiler so that there is no leakage of the formed condensate.

If ferrous metal is used to install the chimney of gas boilers. then you need it treat with fire-resistant primers or varnish.

After the installation of all gas equipment and the installation of the chimney, the relevant services carry out the acceptance of the structure, about which an act of acceptance is drawn up. The same authorities have the right to disconnect you from the network for failure to comply with the requirements until the time they are corrected.

Some differences between chimneys

Internal chimney

Outdoor chimney

1. This type of smoke channel consists entirely of standard prefabricated elements. Using the installation manual, the owner can independently assemble and strengthen the chimney.
2. Relatively safe level of operation of the outer pipe. Shoe and repair service simpler and does not require any effort.

Mounting order

It is forbidden to make a pipe connection at the place where it passes through the thickness of the wall. If such a connection happened in this place, then the pipe is cut so as to make it up to the wall or further, depending on the circumstances.

When the pipe is brought out into the street, immediately before turning up it is installed condensate collection tee with one open end. If such a tee is located in a place below the height of a person, then it must be insulated to prevent touching and getting burned. The tee is fastened with a clamp on dowels to the wall.

To fix the pipe to the wall, a special truss is used. The first fastening is carried out immediately after the top of the tee. At this place, they install compensation plate. which will take over thermal expansion pipes.

The pipes are connected by putting one on top of the other, which allows a small amount of condensate to freely flow down the pipe.

If the ridge of the building is high and the protrusion of the top of the chimney is required more than 2 m, then for additional rigidity apply bracing. which are attached to the walls of the building.

Which gas chimney to the boiler to install at home, each owner decides independently, but it should be clearly remembered that a properly executed smoke channel is guarantee of efficient operation and not dangerous to the health of his loved ones.

Zabarykin Sergey Nikolaevich

http://furnace.guru

The chimney is necessary for the removal of "exhaust" gases to the outside due to natural draft. When properly designed, it ensures the safe and productive operation of the entire heating system. Chimneys are subject to certain requirements in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of gas boilers, generally accepted building codes and fire safety rules.

In this article:

Basic installation rules

When installing an internal chimney, it should be located near the main wall of the house. When installed outdoors, the chimney must be additionally insulated to avoid freezing.

Outdoor chimney

• The location of the pipe is strictly vertical. A slight slope is allowed, but not more than 30 degrees.
• The diameter of the cann inside the chimney should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe connected to the gas boiler.
• The connection of the boiler with the chimney is carried out with the help of a special corrugation or by means of steel pipes having an enameled heat-resistant coating.
• The flue pipe connecting the boiler to the chimney must necessarily have a vertical section, the length of which must be at least 50 cm. However, more than three turns must not be allowed.
• The junction of the chimney with the gas boiler must be sealed.
• All elements of the chimney must fit snugly against each other.
• If the ceiling height is 3 meters, the horizontal section of the pipe going into the chimney should not exceed this parameter.
• A window must be provided in the chimney for cleaning or removing the condensate container.
• If the chimney is located at a distance from the wall (up to 3 m), the height of the pipe must be flush with the ridge.
• At flat roof the height of the chimney must be less than one meter.

The second stage: the choice of automation, which stops the operation of the boiler during periods of inactivity. For these purposes, the GSM boiler control module is perfect. devices.

During the construction of private houses, little attention is often paid to the laying of ventilation ducts. They save on the air exchange system, replace it with pipes and take away not enough space in the wall for laying ventilation channels. This leads to air stagnation and can be unsafe when using gas heating boilers.

Natural ventilation channel in a private house: placement rules

In a private house made of brick or aerated concrete, the laying of ventilation ducts should be provided for the following rooms:

• bathroom;
• bathroom or shower room;
• kitchen;
• garage;
• cellar;
• boiler room.

It is in these rooms that there is a high content of moisture, heat and various contaminants in the air. For safety reasons, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the boiler room and adjacent rooms - gas accumulates in this place.

Air ducts in a brick house

The ventilation duct is a solid vertical structure that extends to a mark above the roof. It is important to organize a constant movement of air masses in the mine; for this, turns and irregularities inside the duct should be avoided.

Brick for ventilation ducts is resistant to moisture and hot air. As a bonding solution, a mixture of sand and cement, diluted with water, is used.

Dimensions are usually 12 × 15 cm, for brick structures- 12 × 25 cm. The wall thickness should not be less than 10 cm. Since the brick ventilation shaft is heavy and creates heavy load, it is installed directly on the foundation of the building.

Stages of work on laying brick ventilation

The process of installing brickwork with your own hands takes place using a template that can be made from plywood or chipboard sheet. This part has a square or rectangular shape, depending on the cross-sectional shape of the future duct. The length of the template is 8-10 bricks in thickness.

The laying of ventilation ducts made of bricks is made from the corner of the wall. The first air duct is created after 2 layers of bricks have been laid. To focus on the template during operation, it must be installed vertically with a plumb line. Between the two channels, a distance of one brick wide should be left.

Bricks must be mounted end-to-end, and excess mortar removed with a spatula. Rows are stacked with a slight shift relative to the previous row. After laying out 5-7 rows of bricks, it is necessary to transfer the plywood template.
If a chimney is located next to the ventilation duct, between them there should be a solid brickwork with a thickness of 40 cm or more. This will avoid mixing air flows and getting combustion products into the ventilation system.

Ventilation shaft in houses made of aerated concrete and foam concrete

Ventilation in a house made of aerated concrete has its own organization features. Aerated concrete is an unsuitable material for building a mine - it absorbs moisture, gases, and is exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete, other materials and devices should be used to organize air ducts:

• laying out the channel and adjacent brick walls;
• lining the mine with stable pipes made of metal, asbestos, plastic;
• installation of a galvanized box sheathed with aerated concrete blocks.

In some cases, another method of making do-it-yourself air ducts is also used. At the same time, the system consists of channels laid under the ceiling of the rooms, which merge into one shaft under the roof of the house, where stale air is removed. The construction of such a structure is cheaper, but it is less efficient due to the horizontal direction of the channels and low throughput. In addition, such a scheme is not applicable to two or three-story private buildings.

Requirements for the organization of ventilation ducts and mine parameters

For efficient and safe work, ventilation ducts in brick and aerated concrete masonry must meet the following requirements:

• When withdrawing the mine above the roof next to the ridge, exhaust hole ventilation should be half a meter above the level of the ridge.
• If the hood hole is located 2-3 meters from the ridge, it can be on the same level with it.
• When the distance to the ridge exceeds 3 meters, the mouth should be at an angle of 10 ° relative to the horizon and with the apex on the roof ridge.

Technical requirements require the mandatory organization of ventilation ducts in those rooms where there are no windows (bathrooms, toilets, boiler rooms). It is also recommended to install a hood in the kitchen to avoid the accumulation of steam and smoke in the air.

Ventilation ducts can work effectively at air temperatures from +12 °C outside and +20 °C inside the house. When the structure cools, the process of ventilation and air removal slows down, therefore, those parts of the mine that are brought out into the street (pipes on the roof) should be insulated.

The section of the shaft must be the same along its entire length in order to improve traction inside the structure. When constructing a ventilation duct for blocks, bends should be avoided; the angle of inclination of the pipe should not exceed 30 ° relative to the walls. If the shaft is made of brick, it should be laid as evenly as possible, and the seams between the rows smoothed out.

We build ventilation ducts in the house of brick and aerated concrete

Air ducts in brick house. Stages of work on laying brick ventilation. Ventilation shaft in houses made of aerated concrete and foam concrete.

Ventilation device in the boiler room of a private house and how to install it correctly

To maintain a comfortable microclimate in cold weather, they carefully try to insulate the house. The rooms are less ventilated. When the ventilation in the boiler room of a private house fails, an emergency situation is created. Due to poor circulation, many problems arise. Thoughtful ventilation in the boiler room is one of the most basic issues.

The need and functions of ventilation in the boiler room of a private house

Clean air is essential for quality work gas boiler. If a naturally it is not possible to establish the supply of fresh air, artificial ventilation is carried out.

Without systematic ventilation, combustible substances enter the pipes, the efficiency of the gas boiler decreases, and the house is heated worse. But even that is not the worst. Due to faulty ventilation and poor operation of equipment, excess carbon monoxide accumulates in the room, people's lives are endangered.

Professional installation of ventilation in the boiler room of a private house:

• Extends service life for a longer period of operation;
• Creates good things in the house climatic conditions for living;
• There is always enough oxygen in the room;
• Dampness and mold do not appear on the walls;
• Less concentration of combustion products;
• The boiler works with high efficiency.

Ventilation in the boiler room of a private house regulates the accumulation of carbon monoxide, there is no back draft. Excessive concentration of carbon dioxide is dangerous to health. Thanks to the exchange processes in the air, oxygen enters the room, which is necessary for human life and the smooth operation of gas equipment.

Requirements for ventilation of a gas boiler house in a private house and norms in accordance with SNiP

In case of non-compliance with the norms and rules, gas services apply sanctions, up to shutting off gas. A separate ventilation system is installed in a private house:

1. The hood is able to change the air three times in an hour;
2. The inflow enters in total in the same amount as in the exhaust, taking into account the need for gas combustion.

At the top of the ceiling should be exhaust device. Usually it's a chimney. The diameter of the pipe is indicated by the gasmen when creating a project-scheme for construction. According to all requirements, the diameter is 1.3 meters. The pipe creates conditions for the normal entry and exit of air.

For example, the volume of the room in the boiler room is 15m 3. In an hour, these fifteen cubes should come out three times through the hood. That is, 45m 3 per hour should naturally go out through the exhaust pipe.

Supply air requirements are provided. Enter 45m 3 into the room, plus the required amount of air for burning gas. Any boiler equipment consumes oxygen to keep the gas burning.

One of the regulatory documents that gas services are guided by: SNiP Gas supply 2.04.08-87 *

Ways to organize air exchange

For normal operation of ventilation, air must constantly circulate. There are two ways to organize the process. The inflow and outflow occur independently, without the installation of appropriate equipment for forced exchange. The air in this case moves in a natural (natural) way under the influence of wind and other phenomena. Another option, not relying on the forces of nature, is artificial (forced) ventilation.

natural ventilation

The boiler room is classified as a high-risk area. If a natural ventilation in country house located only in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet - this option is not suitable. For the boiler house, a separate system is carried out

• The maximum height from floor to ceiling is 6 meters. The lower the altitude, the greater the air ratio. For each meter, the multiplicity increases by 25%;
• Fresh air enters the boiler room through the ventilation system. Additionally, valves are made at the bottom of the door. The area is calculated in the ratio of 8 cm² / 1 kW of heating unit power, from the room - 30 cm²;
• The chimney has 2 outlets. The upper one is designed to remove combustion products from the boiler, the lower one cleans debris and dirt. Minimum distance between them - 25 cm. The supply channel is located at the bottom of the room, the exhaust - in the upper part.

The disadvantage of the system is that natural ventilation does not always work in full mode. Great dependence on the strength of the wind.

Forced air circulation system

Forced ventilation is used in ducts with a long base. There is no natural attraction. Forced ventilation in the boiler room of a private house it is connected with the air exchange of the entire building, the exhaust has one exit channel to the street.

Advantages of the forced system:

• The boiler room can be installed anywhere with suitable dimensions;
• A big plus does not depend on external conditions and natural phenomena.

• The equipment and installation process is more expensive than natural ventilation;
• In the event of a malfunction, an expensive replacement is necessary.

Chimney requirements

The chimney is as important as the boiler itself in heating.

Requirements for chimneys that are installed outside

• Thermal insulation of the chimney is carried out from the street to prevent the formation of condensate;
• Along the axis of the boiler and to the axis of the chimney from the street, the distance is no more than two meters. Otherwise, the traction will be bad;
• At least one meter must be a straight section up from the boiler along the pipe. Only after such a distance is a bend made;
• In any case, even if condensate does not form, a pocket must be installed to clean and drain condensate;
• If the boiler is floor-standing, a fireproof substrate is made of asbestos and metal sheets. A boiler is installed on a metal sheet;
• When the chimney passes through the walls, if they are made of combustible material, a fire cut is carried out 0.5 meters above and below.

Requirements for a chimney that runs vertically through ceiling and roof slabs

• The distance along the axis is no more than two meters;
• Fire seal is installed in the ceiling;
• The cold air access zone is provided with thermal insulation;
• A pocket for condensate and cleaning is made at a distance of one meter;
• To the top of the pipe, the thermal insulation should end at a distance of no more than 0.1 meters.

The distance from the bottom of the boiler to the top of the chimney is at least five meters.

The diameter of the chimney on the boiler, set by the manufacturer, must be equal to the diameter of the chimney that exits the room. There are boilers with a smaller diameter, about 80 mm. The standard internal diameter of the chimney is 130 mm.

Upon completion of installation work and installation in the channels of the outer pipe, at the bottom of the chimney, a cleaning hatch must be mounted. When dirt and debris collect at chimney level, the draft stops working. For this reason, a cleaning pocket is installed at the bottom.

Calculation of the natural ventilation system

To choose ventilation, you need to know the requirements for the boiler room. AT normative documents the exact area of ​​the room is not indicated. But the minimum height in the Instructions for placing the units must be at least 2.5 meters. Gas services are mainly guided by Instruction MDS 41-2.2000. While SNiP recommends using a room of 2.2 meters.

• 0.7 meters pass,
• plus the width of the boiler itself is sanitary standards and rules.
• according to the instructions, 1 meter is the width of the passage,
• plus the width of the boiler.

A total of 1.5 meters.

If the volume of the boiler room is 15 m 3 The height of the ceiling from the tiles of the boiler room on the floor to the bottom of the floor or ceiling is 3 meters. Then the area of ​​the boiler room will be 5 m2 15:3 = 5

If the height of the boiler room is 2.5 meters, 15:2.5 = 6 m 2 Thus, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe boiler room inside the room varies.

• Height 2.5 meters;
• Width 1.5 meters;
• Volume 15 m 3

• The volume of the boiler room;
• The speed of air passage through the ventilation ducts;
• The proportionality of the height of the boiler room to the coefficient of air exchange.

Air exchange calculation example

• Boiler room volume: 33.6 m 3;
• Calculation of air exchange: (6m -2.8m) x 0.25 + 3 = 3.8, where

6 m - optimal ceiling height:

2.8 m actual ceiling height;

3m 3 increase in air expansion per meter of ceiling lowering.

Based on these data, according to the table of norms and rules, the diameter of the pipes required for laying ventilation for a natural system is determined at least 200 mm.

Proper installation of equipment

Reasons for failure gas installations, in most cases, banal. The chimney is not cleaned, carbon monoxide returns to the apartment, or the geyser is not installed correctly. It is important to choose and install correctly.

How are chimneys installed?

1. A hole is laid in the wall with access to the outside:
2. From the side of the street, the structure rises;
3. It is connected to the wall - frame, twisted with clamps.

The internal chimney rises from the boiler to the roof without leaving the house. It passes through all the ceilings and goes to the roof. Such a chimney is usually made two-layer. An insulating material is laid between the layers to eliminate the possibility of a fire when the chimney is heated and to protect against the formation of condensate.

Ventilation device in the boiler room of a private house and how to install it correctly

To maintain a comfortable microclimate in cold weather, they carefully try to insulate the house. The rooms are less ventilated. When ventilation in a private boiler room

How to make the passage of ventilation and chimney through

How to make a ventilation and chimney passage through the roof

Today we will try to figure out how one of the most complex junctions is correctly performed - the passage of technological pipelines for the chimney and ventilation through the roof. No wonder many ways have been tried for this, the best of which we will share with you.

Rafter systems and chimney configurations
The passage of the chimney through the roof can be performed at almost any slope slope, with the exception of pyramidal and folded roofs with an angle of more than 70 °. Restrictions are imposed for the most part by common shapes and sizes of special fittings for insulation - roof cutting of the chimney.
The outlet of the pipe to the roof should be located on a flat slope, at a distance of at least 1 meter from the ribs and valleys. Firstly, this is the only way to properly mount the apron and lining, and secondly, no major interventions in the truss system are required.
If ventilation ducts can be carried through the roof with a minimum layer of lining, or even without it at all, then the chimneys need additional thermal insulation from the roof pie. We will touch on this issue later, but for now you need to make a choice between a round and rectangular section of the well. Quickly and efficiently, a well made of bricks can be drawn through the roof, it has the most suitable geometry. In one well, both ventilation pipes and a chimney can be grouped.
A round passage is also possible, but in this case, a casing pipe is required for the chimney, with a diameter of 350–400 mm larger than the chimney. There are difficulties in fixing it in the roof pie, besides, not every roof cut has a sufficiently wide cuff.

Location: what you need to know**
It is optimal if you are building a truss system with wells and pipelines already installed, however, the sequence of work may be forced to change.
If the channels are already mounted, it remains only to correctly assemble frame system. The rafters closest to the pipelines should be 50–70 mm from the ventilation ducts, they should be removed from the chimneys by 200–250 mm. During the heating period, the thermal radiation from the chimney is large enough to cause uneven shrinkage of the wood and its warping. Change the pitch of the rafters and do not be afraid to place pairs of trusses closer than the design distance.
It is better to place the chimney 15–20 cm from the upper ridge: this way the protrusion of the chimney above the roof will be minimal and there will be no difficulty in sealing the upper part of the cut. Decide for yourself how to implement this: build a well as close to the ridge as possible, or make the roof slopes unequal and bring them right above the chimney.
Roof unloading

If you have to violate critical elements truss system, which can happen if the installation step of the rafters is less than the thickness of the well, it is necessary to unload the roof. At 40–50 cm from the upper and lower borders of the passage, horizontal beams 5–6 spans long must be placed under the rafters. They are supported by vertical posts so that each of them is located strictly above one of the beams of the attic floor.
With the help of a plumb line, the attachment points of the vertical racks are marked, which receive part of the load from the rafters. Each of the broken rafters must be supported in two places - above and below the cut section. If there is a brick well, it is better to unload the truss system onto it, replacing part of the wooden racks with angle steel cuts.
Even if the opening fits between the rafters, they should be pulled together with horizontal jumpers of the same width, forming a convenient pocket for laying the thermal insulation belt. Sometimes, for reasons of saving material, it makes sense to install vertical jumpers at the same distance from the pipe or well.
Cutting a hole in the roof

If the construction of the truss system and the rest of the installation steps are carried out with the well or pipes laid out, the opening is formed as the roof is assembled, which in most cases does not cause difficulties. If you need to cut an opening in an already finished roof, you should follow a certain procedure:
The roof is unloaded and all necessary jumpers are installed.
Lintels forming a pocket for thermal insulation are installed at a distance from the ventilation pipes, equal to the thickness of the roof insulation.
The walls of the box for unlined chimney pipes are installed with an offset of 200–250 mm. For brick wells and insulated sandwich pipes, lining is carried out similarly to ventilation ones.
Using a plumb line, the profile of a through opening is transferred to the crate in the form of a pipe or well.
If the roof covering is not resistant to high temperatures, it is cut out exactly along the perimeter of the pocket.
Almost any coating is well cut with an electric jigsaw or reciprocating saw, if the cut-out fragments of the crate are first screwed to it.
The indentation from the walls of the pocket allows you to cut the coating from the inside, but if the cutting is carried out along the perimeter, you can transfer the markings to the street using through holes at key points.
As a result, the roof is ready for pipe installation or further protection from moisture and heat leaks. The specific method of arranging the passage channel depends on its type.
Ventilation ducts, cuttings and cuffs for them

Ventilation passages for cold attic space may not be insulated at all, it is enough to make a neat hole in the thermal insulation, crate and roof. But if warm air from a house or attic passes through the pipes, a temperature imbalance can lead to condensation. For this reason, a small belt of moisture-resistant material such as PPS or PPU is required around the pipe. The belt is cut into two equal parts and put into a pocket on both sides of the pipe with fastening to the mounting foam. She also needs to close up the seams and cracks, and then sew up the pocket with plywood, cutting it out in a similar way and placing it perpendicular to the insulation.
On the front side of the roof, a roof cut is installed for the appropriate pipe diameter and slope angle. Most of them are mounted on top of the roof, some may require a simple trimming of the coating and sealing with sealant.
Chimney lining - do it safely

After installing the chimney pipes, the clearance in the opening is lined from below with a fine steel mesh. If the pipe is round, then a galvanized steel tape is attached at four points of the opening, forming a casing sleeve. You can avoid this step by filling the entire pocket with thermal insulation, but this will take more material: the insulator must be stuffed tightly. For lining the chimney, it is recommended to use foam glass or stone wool 120 kg/m3.
The advantage of the casing sleeve is an even and neat oval hole in the roof, convenient for laying insulation and tightly covered with a groove. For round chimneys, galvanized steel cuttings are used.
Wells rectangular shape should be enhanced with outside using prefabricated aprons. Special cases for chimneys of various shapes are quite common, their main task is to prevent slanting rain from entering the junction of the neck with the well.

Ventilation passage through the roof

Ventilation is the most important of the life support systems of buildings used as residential, industrial, commercial or administrative. Its task is to remove exhaust air saturated with carbon dioxide, polluted or gassed, to the street. To do this, the duct pipe through the ceiling is displayed on the roof of the house. Incorrectly installed roof ventilation assembly is often the cause of leaks and problems in the operation of the system. This article will tell you how to properly install a roof penetration to avoid these troubles.

Ventilation system design

A ventilation system is a pipe that removes heated air with products of respiration and vital activity into the atmosphere. Most private houses are equipped with natural ventilation, the functioning of which is based on the law of convection, the property of heated gases to rise up.

Industrial, administrative and commercial buildings where the a large number of people or special equipment is working, require enhanced air circulation, which can only be provided by forced ventilation powered by a powerful fan. To determine the type of duct that is suitable for a particular structure, the following factors are taken into account:

1. The volume of the room. The larger the area of ​​​​the house, the more air is in it. This means that more powerful ventilation is required to ensure circulation.
2. Gas and dust coefficient. These figures are usually calculated for industrial premises where, due to the performance of work or the use of equipment, dust and harmful gases appear in the air.
3. Humidity and indoor temperature. Ventilation makes the microclimate in the building more suitable for human life by optimizing the humidity and temperature to a comfortable level.
4. Number of people. In the process of breathing, people consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, so the more people there are in the room, the better ventilation should work, removing the exhaust air. Therefore, the installation of the air duct is carried out primarily in administrative and commercial buildings.

Note! Another reason to think about the need for ventilation equipment in a private residential building is the presence of solid fuel heating equipment. In the process of burning firewood, oxygen is involved, because of which the air in the room “burns out”, it becomes stuffy and difficult to breathe. Therefore, when installing a wood-burning stove or fireplace, they not only build a chimney, but also equip an air duct passage through the roof.

Types of penetrations

The node of the passage of the ventilation pipe through the roof is a place on the surface of the roof where the air duct is brought out to the street. Equipment for the passage of a pipe is considered an important and difficult job, since this task will violate the integrity of the truss system and the roof covering. To protect the duct passage through the roof, various penetrations are used to simplify installation. Penetrations used to remove ventilation pipes are of the following types:

With valve or without valve. Penetrations for equipment for the outlet of air pipes are produced with and without a valve. Valveless models are the cheapest, but do not have the ability to block and regulate air emissions, they are used in private homes. Penetrations with a valve have a damper that closes the pipe and stops the movement of air, they are suitable for installing ventilation in industrial and administrative systems if they do not work constantly.

Important! Often homeowners do not see the difference or confuse the process of installing an air duct and a chimney. The temperature of the gases in the chimney is many times higher than the usual air temperature, in solid fuel stoves it reaches 700-800 degrees, so the pipes heat up. To prevent fire, the chimney outlet is equipped with a fire-resistant box. The node of the passage through the roof ventilation does not need fire protection, since the temperature in it is only 0.5-1 degrees higher than the room temperature.

Penetration installation

In modern private houses equipped with gas or wood heating ventilation is required. While cooking, breathing, washing, drying clothes, and performing water procedures a large amount of water vapor is formed, which must be removed so that the dwelling is not hot, stuffy and humid. The node of the passage through the roof of the ventilation pipe is equipped after the completion of the installation work on the assembly of the air duct inside the room. This will require a rubber or silicone seal(Master Flash), silicone-based sealant, screwdriver, self-tapping screws, penetration. Installation is carried out as follows:

The location of the duct outlet is determined. Building codes require ventilation pipes to be placed in close proximity to the roof ridge so that the hole is located between the rafters.

Professional roofers believe that an illiterately equipped ventilation pipe through the roof is the cause of leaks in 2 out of 10 cases. Often this is due to the location of the ventilation outlet when there is no snow pocket around. The snow surrounding the pipe thaws over time and penetrates under the roof. Therefore, some masters recommend leading the duct directly through the ridge. It is worth noting that this method violates the integrity roof frame roof, so it has many opponents.

Ventilation passage through the roof

How to properly equip the ventilation passage through the roof? An overview of the feed-through elements used. Technique for bringing the air duct to the street.

One of the most problematic stages of organizing ventilation or a chimney is their passage through the roof surface. In this matter, there are individual features of the installation of a chimney or ventilation pipe, which depend primarily on the material from which the ceiling and the roof itself are made. We will learn more about how to make ventilation with your own hands and how to properly run a chimney through the roof.

Do-it-yourself ventilation of a private house - characteristics and features

At the stage of designing a private brick house, ventilation is arranged directly in the walls. In this case, the ventilation outlet is carried out through the roof. Thus, there is always fresh air in the room, and there is no fungus and mold on the walls.

If the natural ventilation in the room does not work well enough, then forced exhaust is used to supplement it. However, it will not be required when arranging a competent ventilation hole on the roof. The level of ventilation in the room directly depends on the height of the pipe installed in the house. Incorrectly equipped risers in ventilation shafts above the roof lead to the appearance of such unpleasant situations:

• since the ventilation ducts are unevenly combined, the smell from the bathroom and kitchen enters the bedroom;
• insufficiently long pipe leads to a decrease in the performance of the ventilation system;
• the wrong place for installing the pipe on the roof leads to a reverse and incorrect operation of the hood;
• the lack of proper insulation of the ventilation pipe leads to freezing of the channels.

Modern types of roofs are characterized by a complex configuration and construction in the form of a roofing pie. Therefore, to conduct a ventilation pipe through the roof, you need to work hard. In case of poor-quality installation work, damage to the rafters and battens may occur. In the place where the cover is installed on the vent, gaps often appear through which rainwater goes to the attic. Therefore, in order to maintain the tightness of the roof, during installation work, it is necessary to use special elements of the through passage.

Ventilation outlet by hand: design work on the planning of passages

You need to start working on the ventilation system at home with the preparation of a project or drawing, which describes in detail all the passages of the ventilation shafts. It is recommended that ventilation pipes be removed from all rooms in which hoods are located and connected together. The central pipe brings air outside through the roof. However, in this case, it is necessary to install special valves to prevent back draft. Otherwise, air from the kitchen will enter through the vents into the bedroom.

Installing ventilation ducts new roof, it is much easier to install a pipe than on a roof that is already equipped. Ventilation passages are installed on the roof to perform the following functions:

• for ventilation of rooms inside the house;
• as fan pipes sewer purpose;
• for ventilation of the under-roof space in the attic.

In addition, in some cases, television antennas and chimneys are carried through the roof. The final top element on the ductwork system is in the form of a previously built section of pipe, which is called a ventilation outlet.

A technologically correctly installed ventilation pipe is the key to a high-quality exit of air from the room to the outside, while water leaks under the roof in this case are unacceptable.

There are ready-made kits for bringing ventilation ducts through the roof. They are particularly sealed. There are two options for such kits in relation to the materials from which the roof is made. They allow you to quickly and efficiently bring the ventilation pipe through the roof, without losing its attractiveness. In addition, these sets have a function to prevent dust and dirt from entering the ventilation duct from the outside.

The dimensions of the ventilation passage are determined strictly individually and depend on individual characteristics houses, the number of rooms, the material from which the roof is made, etc. The cross section of the pipes for organizing the hood is either round or rectangular or square.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house scheme

The simplest ventilation passage mechanisms consist of steel pipe, which is installed in the vent and fixed with a reinforced concrete or metal cup. At the same time, the roofing passage has a valve for closing the hole and a ring inside which condensate collects.

The lower part of the pipe is connected to an outlet type air duct, a deflector or a simple protective umbrella is installed on the upper part of the assembly. In some cases, mineral wool is used to insulate pipes, in which case it is necessary to ensure its high-quality waterproofing, since this material is unstable to moisture.

The previous do-it-yourself ventilation arrangement is outdated. Modern kits for the construction of ventilation passages are characterized by versatility of use, aesthetically attractive appearance and ease of installation. Among the advantages of installing ventilation ducts from the manufacturer, we highlight:

• for the manufacture of the pipe, two material options are used - galvanized steel inside, and lightweight polypropylene outside;
• a reliable conductor is used to fix the output elements, exactly repeating the shape of the pipe;

• the value of the pipe height is determined individually, depending on optimal length ventilation duct;
• in order to prevent the appearance of ice plugs, heat-insulating material is installed on the pipe;
• in some cases, an electric fan is mounted on a pipe;
• the presence of a cap prevents the ingress of debris and moisture into the ventilation pipes.

Some manufacturers do not include inlet elements in the package, they must be purchased separately. Please note that the passage should match the shape of the previously equipped hole for it.

With the help of passage elements, it is possible to quickly install the ventilation pipe. These works are carried out both at the stage of the construction of the roof, and on the finished roof. These elements provide high-quality sealing and stable ventilation of a private house with their own hands. At the same time, ready-made kits speed up installation work at least twice.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the house

In addition to the main ventilation pipe, an additional aerator is installed on the roof. Its main function is to prevent the formation of condensate under the roof in winter time of the year. This ventilation part is easy to operate. Air naturally moves through it. Through a special hole, air is supplied to the eaves, and the aerator provides its output to the outside. A special cover protects the aerator from snow or rain.

Particular attention in the process of organizing ventilation in a private house with your own hands should be paid to the place where the ventilation pipe is attached to the roof. It is recommended to equip the pipe directly above the riser, so that the ventilation will be most efficient. If there are still bends in the system, then an adapter for their corrugations is used to arrange them. On pitched roofs, it is recommended to install a ventilation duct next to the ridge. This method of pipe installation allows most of the pipe to be installed under the roof, and its short part will easily withstand the wind.

In addition, pay special attention to the ventilation shafts located above the roof. If they are located low in relation to the roof, then this leads to a decrease in traction. The minimum value of the pipe in relation to the roof is half a meter. For a flat roof, this value is tripled.

A properly installed ventilation pipe must be in optimal ratio with wind load. Otherwise, the wind support will block the ventilation.

Ventilation by hands

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the instructions for installing a ventilation duct on a roof trimmed with metal tiles. This technology is also used for other roofing options, however, with some adjustments.

Instructions for arranging ventilation:

1. Decide where to mount the vent. For this, it is recommended to draw up a drawing of the ventilation system in advance.

2. On the top of the roof, make a drawing according to the template that comes with the instructions for the kit. If there is no template, then the diameter of the drawing must exactly match the diameter of the pipe that passes through it.

3. Cutting a hole is done with a chisel or metal shears. The same is done in the lower parts of the roofing cake in the form of heat and waterproofing materials.

4. In relation to the template, you need to drill holes for mounting self-tapping screws. Remove water and dirt from the surface of the metal tile, degrease that part of the roof that is located near the installation of the pipe.

5. Sealant is applied to the bottom of the gasket. The gasket is placed in place of its installation. The passage part of the ventilation system is fixed on the gasket; use self-tapping screws to fix it. Most often, they come with the main set.

6. A pipe is installed inside the passage element, without fail its verticality is checked using a level. Watch the tightness of the installation of the passage element both in the attic and on the roof.

The inlet pipe must be firmly pressed against the gasket so that the sealant is squeezed out of it. To protect the pipe from precipitation and debris, a special protective cover is installed on it.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation technology in the cellar

The presence of properly organized ventilation in the cellar provides comfortable conditions for storing various food products in it. There are ready-made kits for organizing the ventilation system. However, it is much cheaper to build ventilation with your own hands.

In order to arrange the simplest ventilation hood in the basement you will need two pipes. One of them will perform the function of the hood, and the second - an element for the influx of fresh air. Thus, it is possible to organize optimal natural air exchange.

There are two options for organizing ventilation - forced and natural. The second way is cheaper, but less effective. For forced ventilation, I mount additional fans and hoods on the pipes, which improve air circulation.

In order to ensure high-quality circulation, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of pipes and determine the place of their installation. The exhaust type pipe is located in the lower part of the room, next to the products. The supply pipe is installed closer to the ceiling of the cellar. In this case, both pipes are brought out. The exhaust pipe needs to be insulated.

To increase the efficiency of the hood, use different kinds deflectors. These devices not only protect the device from precipitation, but also improve their traction. The supply pipe is equipped with a grate that protects it from rodents and insects. As pipes for organizing ventilation, polyethylene or asbestos-cement varieties are used. The first option is distinguished by a long service life, easily tolerates temperature changes and moisture, is quickly installed and has a low weight. Asbestos pipes are used less often, because of their severity, the duration of installation and instability in front of precipitation.

In order to improve ventilation in the cellar, it is especially important for large rooms. Hoods and fans are installed on the pipes. Duct fans are installed directly inside the pipe. Axial fans are mounted on the end of the pipe. The choice of one or another option should be justified by the operational characteristics, power and performance of the devices.

Today our story will be devoted to the elements heating system, with which many tragic cases are associated, and first of all we are talking about chimneys. If you have a bathhouse, cottage or residential building where an autonomous boiler is used, then you can potentially suffer from poor draft, which does not bring combustion products out.

The accumulation of CO in the body can lead to a "silent" death. If you want to know how to protect yourself and your loved ones, read the article to the end.

What can you expect because of carelessness

Alas, we so rarely pay attention to clogged chimneys and ventilation ducts that we could find ourselves in the “other world” several times already. This happens because of our carelessness, as we begin to do at least something when, due to the smoke in the room, we cannot see the picture on the TV.

However, this is not so bad, the main danger is invisible and not felt by our receptors - it is carbon monoxide. It gradually begins to displace oxygen from below until it is completely forced out of the room.

Tip: the chimney and ventilation in one pipe according to SNiP are not mounted.

After that, there is very little time left to save a person who does not even understand what is happening to him. It would seem that it could be easier than to clean the chimney and ventilation duct in time, and then such a tragedy would never have happened.

Tip: set a time for yourself and regularly carry out preventive maintenance of ventilation and chimneys, doing the procedure yourself or hiring specialists.

Faults

Below we consider the most common causes of malfunctions of chimneys and ventilation ducts. Although there are many more, almost all of them are associated with the usual irresponsibility of the owners:

Project defect	Often, the operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation in an apartment leaves much to be desired due to shortcomings in the design of the system. At the same time, there are frequent cases when, during construction, workers use smoke and ventilation ducts as a kind of garbage chute. In a clogged form, they will not be able to perform their tasks in full force.
blockage	It happens that the system is clogged due to foreign objects: dust; cobwebs; leaves; birds accidentally caught in the chimney.
deposits	Natural deposits on the walls of chimneys and ventilation ducts in the form of soot, dust and grease. The first ones should be cleaned of soot immediately after the appearance of such signs.
Humidity	A blockage can appear very quickly after burning poorly dried firewood, as well as with a large amount of resins and household waste. In such cases, cleaning of ventilation and smoke exhaust systems is mandatory.
Other reasons	The instruction also says that traction may weaken due to: the appearance of malfunctions in the ventilation ducts or chimneys themselves; corrosion; cracks; collapses; home shrinkage; aging building materials.

Tip: if there is no draft immediately after connecting the fireplace or stove, you should make a claim to the builders who installed it.

The cause of most poisoning during a fire from combustion derivatives is usually poor ventilation and smoke extraction. Therefore, rules and requirements have been developed that must be followed when operating these systems.

Let's learn about them:

1. Channels of solid fuel fireplaces and stoves should be checked and cleaned before and after the heating season. When the oven is running continuously, the check should take place once every three months. to remove smoke, it is necessary to check every quarter, as well as in summer and winter.

1. If during the inspection serious malfunctions requiring repair are detected, it is forbidden to use heating and gas appliances until the defect is completely eliminated.

1. Installation and repair should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate license, since their specialists usually have all the skills necessary for this. They should start work only after drawing up an act of checking the ventilation and chimney.

Tip: these rules apply to the owners of private houses, and to institutions responsible for the maintenance and maintenance of apartments and ventilation systems in them.

In addition to the above generally binding rules, we recommend that you pay attention to the following:

• use completely dried firewood in stoves and fireplaces, in which the percentage of resin content is low;
• it is forbidden to burn household waste in stoves and fireplaces, especially any plastic - bags or bottles;
• periodically clean the firebox and blower from ash, and roof hoods from dust and grease;
• get a roof fan that will help improve draft in a duct or pipe, its price depends on the power. This is especially necessary for those whose chimneys have a small internal section;
• install a protective cap with a mesh on the chimney with your own hands, which will prevent debris from entering the ventilation duct. In winter, check this part of the system regularly to clear it of blockages and frost in time.

Prevention and repair

For inspection of smoke and ventilation ducts, two methods can be used - classic and modern. In the first case, you will need a "ruff" on a long rope and a load. In the second, there are a lot of methods, including a video camera with spotlights.

The developed devices allow for a short time and without special efforts estimate fairly accurately the draft in the ventilation and chimney. Based on the results of the check, an act of inspection of the channels is drawn up, which is drawn up in the form of a technical report of the established sample. Then a conclusion is issued, which contains recommendations for the device and repair work.

The check determines:

• materials that were used to make the channels, as well as their cross section;
• length of channels, sections of connections, branches and narrowings, marks of slots and congestion found in the system;

• isolation and density of channels;
• the presence of traction, horizontal sections, zones with or without wind support;
• hatches for cleaning, fire-prevention cuttings and heads;
• tightness of pipes;
• condition of ventilation ducts, exhaust shafts, as well as air intake grilles.

Conclusion

draft in the chimney and proper ventilation premises allow you to create comfortable and safe conditions residence. We recommend that you do not ignore the suggested recommendations and try to implement them. Ultimately, your health and the health of those who live with you will depend on it.

The video in this article will help you find Additional information on this topic.

The construction of a heating system chimney is a very responsible matter, requiring compliance with all fire and gas security. But it is quite doable with our own hands, if everything is well thought out and the order of work is followed in accordance with the project.

The chimney in the house is exposed to high temperatures, so it is important to choose the right material

Requirements for modern chimneys

The chimney channel of the heating boiler is under stress from the high temperature of the smoke, the possible ignition of soot inside, and the impact of combustion products. The safety of the residents of the house depends on its resistance to such loads, since it brings out combustion products that are toxic to people.

For this reason, a number of requirements are imposed on their device. They should be:

• heat resistant
• fireproof
• Corrosion resistant
• sealed
• durable
• Condensation resistant
• Have good traction regardless of the outside temperature
• Acid resistant

Choosing the right design

1. What fuel is the oven. For example, the wall thickness of the chimney for solid fuel boiler pick up twice as much as for a boiler for liquid fuel or gas.
2. What material is the house made of? The probability of ignition of a wooden house is higher than that of other materials. Therefore, the insulation of chimneys when using solid fuel in wooden house should be 5-10 cm. Liquid and gaseous fuels have a lower degree of heating, a 2.5 cm insulation layer is sufficient.
3. The material from which the smoke exhaust channel will be built (steel pipe, ceramics, brick).

Types of materials and their features

Any chimney can be made with your own hands, but it is better to order a project scheme from a professional in order to comply with all technical standards and not pay fines later and not redo everything.

from brick

The coaxial type smoke duct is suitable only for boilers, which ensures a constant exit of hot air to the outside, and cold air to the inside of the boiler. The boiler can be gas or solid fuel.

stainless steel

Compared to a brick one, it is much easier to make a chimney from a steel pipe with your own hands. Components for a steel chimney produce various modifications. Big choice basic elements and adapters allows you to assemble a system of any configuration.

Advantages of steel chimneys:

• The smooth inner surface does not retain soot and soot.
• Just repair.
• Resistant to high temperatures, which allows it to be used as a chimney for a solid fuel boiler.
• Durability.
• Compliance with fire safety requirements.

The choice of chimney depending on the type of boiler device

1. The chimney for making steel, classic or coaxial type. Often used.
2. The chimney for a solid fuel boiler can be made of steel or ceramic, as the most heat-resistant materials. Refractory bricks are also suitable, but they are less often used due to the laboriousness of masonry work.
3. The chimney for a gas boiler is made from any materials suitable for the project.

Chimney installation rules

In order to properly install the chimney, they draw up a detailed diagram-drawing (project) of the future system.

The thickness of the chimney pipe is on average from 15cm to 90cm

The calculation of a chimney for a solid fuel boiler, like any other, should be entrusted to a professional.

In strict accordance with the project, they mark out those places in the ceiling, roof and walls where pipes will be laid.

According to the marks, holes of the desired diameter are made.

An adapter is installed that connects the boiler pipe to the pipe.

A tee with a compartment for collecting condensate and a fitting for removing it is attached to the adapter.

The next section of the system according to the scheme (flat or “knee”) is joined with the tee.

In places where the pipe passes through a wall or roof slab, a spigot is used. A sheet of thin metal with a hole for the pipe is attached to the wall and a chimney pipe is passed through it.

The joints of all pipes are fixed with clamps, which are tightened with bolts.

The chimney is fixed to the wall with brackets approximately every 2 meters.

On top of the chimneys, a tip is attached - an umbrella, to protect against precipitation.

The last step is to insulate the places where the chimney passes through walls and ceilings.

Safety when installing a chimney

To avoid problems with the operation of the chimney and fines from the gas industry, a number of official chimney regulations should be observed:

1. A special moisture collector is installed at the bottom of the pipe to remove condensate.
2. The system has a good draft, in order to avoid the ingress of hazardous combustion products into the housing.
3. good ventilation, ventilation ducts in a private house need to be checked and cleaned in a timely manner.
4. All connections are sealed.
5. The diameter of the pipe and its cross-section comply with the requirements specified in the instructions for the boiler.
6. The location of the chimney is vertical, without ledges. Maximum allowable slope 30 degrees, while maintaining the diameter.
7. The pipe connecting the boiler and the chimney is at least 50 cm long and always with a vertical section.
8. The length of all horizontal sections in total is less than the height of the room.
9. If the walls of the house are made of combustible materials, the distance from them to the chimney is not less than 20 cm. And not less than 5 cm, if they are made of non-combustible materials.
10. a wall in a wooden house needs to be made a layer between it and the wall of non-combustible heat-insulating material.
11. The height of the chimney relative to the roof ridge is at least 50 cm, and with a flat roof - 1 m.

WATCH VIDEO

What not to do when installing a chimney for a gas boiler:

• Fungus of a pipe that removes smoke from a gas boiler. They prevent the free exit of hazardous combustion products.
• Flue pipes must not have more than 3 turns.
• Laying a chimney through unventilated or residential premises.
• Use porous materials.

The installation of the chimney should be taken seriously, because the life and health of the residents of the house, as well as the functionality of the entire heating system, depend on whether the chimney is made correctly. If the chimney is not properly installed, combustion products can cause smoke or dangerous carbon monoxide to enter the home.