Wood is one of the most common building materials in the world. It is widely used both for the construction of buildings and for interior decoration due to strength, durability and excellent aesthetic characteristics. Because it natural material, it is subject to biodegradation under the action of moisture and microorganisms, so it is important to prevent the putrefactive process. How and what is the treatment of wood from decay?
Causes of decay
The main enemy of wood is a fungus that causes it to rot. "Contamination" can occur as a result of improper storage and transportation. Active reproduction of microorganisms provokes a whole set of concomitant factors:
- Increased air humidity - up to 90%.
- Stagnation of oxygen.
- Moisture exposure.
- Temperature fluctuations and freezing.
- Prolonged contact with the soil.
Prevention of wood decay
To prevent the appearance of mold even before the start of construction, there are many preventive measures. Since the moisture content of the tree after felling varies from season to season, dry in vivo it needs at least 1 year.
There are a number of methods for preventing biodegradation processes and negative impact moisture:
- Waterproofing.
- Staining with special compositions.
- Roof waterproofing.
- Heat and vapor barrier.
The foundation for a wooden structure should always be located above ground level, it is also necessary to equip a drainage system and blind areas. Garden near the house tall trees- a bad idea, as they will interfere with natural drying.
Also, to prevent putrefactive processes, it is necessary to inspect the house every year. If signs of fungus are detected, the material should be taken for a sample to determine its moisture content and density.
Preventive measures are important, since wood affected by the fungus reduces many physical indicators: it becomes up to 30 times less hard, 3 times less dense. All this leads to distortion window openings, the movement of the walls, up to the loosening of the structure.
Once biodegradation has begun, it can be contained with special means- both store and folk.
Antiseptics
If mold has already appeared, then its growth can be prevented with the help of antiseptic agents. They inhibit the reproduction on wooden surfaces of microorganisms that cause decay.
Today, the store usually has something to choose from antiseptics When choosing a particular tool, you should pay attention to indicators such as possible harm for humans and animals, anti-corrosion properties and impact on the quality of wood.
All antiseptics are conditionally divided into 3 groups:
- Water soluble agents.
- Oily.
- Pasty.
Water-soluble antiseptics
The most common impregnation is sodium fluoride. Its popularity is due to a set of significant advantages:
- high efficiency;
- good penetrating ability;
- absence bad smell.
Sodium fluoride does not impair the aesthetic properties of wood and does not cause corrosion of metal parts that come into contact with it. In order to protect the tree from decay, BBK-3 and GR-48 are also often used.
BBK-3 is a solution of borax and boric acid. It is relatively safe for humans and animals, and also has excellent penetrating power.
GR-48 is a drug based on pentachlorophenol. It protects the boards not only from the negative effects of moisture and biodegradation, but also from blue.
Often, funds are used that contain several active ingredients- for example, HCC based on chromic and zinc chloride. However, this impregnation has 2 significant disadvantages: toxicity and the possibility of wood staining.
Oily and pasty antiseptics
Oily antiseptics are considered the strongest of their kind. They are used to protect wooden walls from the negative effects of moisture and soil. However, oil impregnation also has two serious drawbacks: a sharp unpleasant odor and the ability to stain wood in a dark brown color.
Paste antiseptics consist of three main components:
- Water soluble antiseptic.
- Filler.
- Clay or bitumen as a binder.
Organically soluble antiseptics are products like PL containing pentachlorophenol and petroleum products. However, due to their high toxicity, they are rarely used.
The use of organically soluble antiseptics is justified for treating wood when exposed to moisture in order to avoid drying. When using these tools, care must be taken to personal protection: gloves and a respirator.
How to impregnate wood
In order to treat the tree with an antiseptic composition, use different methods. The most effective way is to immerse the material in baths with active substance. The only disadvantage of the method is its high cost.
The second method is impregnation using autoclaves. This method is based on the effect high pressure, which contributes to the deep absorption of the composition into the material.
Often, special pastes are applied to the boards - they have good penetrating power and effectively protect the material from fungus. Often, antiseptics are applied with rollers, brushes, or simply sprayed from a spray bottle.
Applying an antiseptic with a brush, as well as a spray gun It is always necessary to apply the composition on a dry surface that has not been varnished or enameled, since in these cases the product will not be able to be absorbed.
The first step is to treat the areas where rotting has already begun. Usually these are the ends of the building and sections. It is best to carry out the procedure at a temperature of +20 to +25. If the temperature drops below +5, treatment with an antiseptic will not work.
Folk remedies for impregnation
If the putrefactive process did not have time to grow strongly, folk remedies will help prevent further destruction of the tree:
- silicate adhesive.
- Soda and vinegar.
- Potassium bichromate solution.
- Copper vitriol.
- Resin.
- Salt and boric acid.
The easiest way is to use silicate glue. It is required to dilute it with water, and apply the resulting solution to areas where biodegradation is observed. You can also treat the places of decay with soda, and sprinkle with vinegar from the spray bottle on top.
Potassium bichromate is used by mixing in equal proportions with sulfuric acid. The resulting composition should be processed not only on the boards on the street, but also up to 50 cm of the soil layer.
Another effective handy tool to prevent wood decay - copper sulfate. To prepare the composition, take 100 g of the substance per 10 liters of water.
For external processing, resin can be used, as well as a mixture of 1 kg of salt and 50 g of boric acid, which are stirred in 5 liters of boiling water. Such a composition must be applied to the wood several times, waiting for a couple of hours so that the product can be absorbed.
Processing by the Finnish method
The Finnish method is a special way of processing wood to protect it from moisture and decay. You will need a set of ingredients:
- salt;
- flour;
- water;
- slaked lime;
- inkstone.
Such a composition is kept on the material for a very long time, without being washed off with water. Despite the safety of the method, it is recommended to use it only for protective treatment wood for fences and roofs.
The listed ingredients must be mixed to a consistency resembling sour cream, and the bulk of the mixture should be based on flour and water. After thorough mixing, the composition should be slightly heated over low heat, and when it becomes warm, you need to quickly apply it to the boards.
After the first layer has dried, it is necessary to process the material again. If the composition has cooled down by this time, it will need to be heated again.
The construction of houses, baths and various outbuildings made of wood is more popular today than ever. This material has a low cost, in comparison with brick, excellent thermal insulation properties and allows you to realize almost any design ideas. Nevertheless, the tree has one drawback - with unscrupulous pre-construction processing, it is subject to rotting and mold. Today we will talk about how to process wood so that even after several decades it retains its original characteristics.
Below we will offer several recipes for effective protective solutions. Whichever one you choose, the following rules will allow you to maximize the result:
Be sure to wear a mask, gloves, and protective glasses to reduce the dangerous harmful effects of chemicals on the body!
Compounds for wood treatment
In hardware stores today there is a large assortment of products for protecting wood from decay and mold of domestic and foreign production. Some of them not only prevent rotting and mold formation, but also protect against insect infestation.
All antiseptic solutions are divided into:
- Water repellent. Their main advantage is that they are able to penetrate deep inside. That is why they are recommended to be used for processing elements in contact with the ground and moisture. As a rule, most often they are purchased for processing basements, baths and saunas. Minus - a strong smell.
- water soluble. Before use, such antiseptics are dissolved in water. Among the advantages of these are: the absence of an unpleasant odor, quick drying, the ability to use indoors. The disadvantage is that they are quickly washed off.
- Oily. Used to cover poles, sleepers and piles in soil and water. Cons: toxicity, pungent odor.
- Solvent based. Suitable for processing wooden structures both indoors and outdoors. Plus - efficiency, minus - dry for a long time.
When buying a drug, pay attention to the following data:
- Does it provoke metal corrosion (if the wooden structure includes metal elements);
- Validity;
- Depth of penetration into the surface (the deeper, the better);
- Is it appropriate to use it for rooms with high humidity (sauna, bathroom, etc.) / with temperature changes;
- Hypoallergenic and environmentally friendly;
- Does it prevent the appearance of fungus;
- Does it counteract the appearance of fungus;
- Does it highlight adverse conditions bad smell.
Buying a ready-made solution is the easiest solution, but not too cheap, so some people prepare an effective protective solution on their own. Right now we will offer you several options.
Folk remedies
Among the benefits of home remedies that prevent rot and mold are:
- Availability. Prepare compositions from cheap products that are not difficult to find.
- Safety. As part of home antiseptic preparations, only harmless and hypoallergenic ingredients are listed.
- Efficiency. In terms of effectiveness, home-made products are practically not inferior to purchased ones.
blue vitriol
Copper sulfate has disinfectant properties, which is why it is often used to prepare antiseptics for wood treatment.
To protect the surface, treat it with a 1% solution of blue vitriol(sold in hardware and gardening stores). This technique has one drawback - it requires prolonged drying (up to a month).
At the same time, the tree should be dried in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, it may be wise to make a canopy.
Vegetable oil and propolis
Another effective remedy for protecting wood from rot and mold is made on the basis of sunflower oil(the common one you or your wife use in the kitchen) and propolis.
Mix the ingredients in a ratio of 3: 1 and process the prepared mixture with the prepared mixture. wooden surface. There is only one minus of the composition - it reduces the fire resistance of wood.
By the way, for wood processing, some also use used oil for automobile engines. This method is considered effective, but again flammable.
Bitumen
Some handle wooden structures hot bitumen.
There are no complications in the procedure. Nevertheless, we hasten to warn that bitumen is not the most safe material so be sure to weigh the pros and cons before processing.
silicate glue
If traces of rot have just begun to appear on the surface, then after pre-training by the method already described, it must be treated with silicate glue diluted with water.
Vinegar and soda
Another way, suitable if you find a center of decay on the boards, is to sprinkle it baking soda and sprinkle with vinegar essence.
Salt and boric acid
A mixture of salt and boric acid helps in preventing rotting and molding of wood. To create a miracle remedy, dilute 50 g of boric acid and 1 kg of salt in a liter of water. The affected surface must be treated several times, taking breaks between operations for a couple of hours.
Slaked lime
Another option for wood processing is known, this time the main assistant in the fight against rotting and mold will be a solution of slaked lime. You can buy the latest at a ridiculous price at a hardware store.
clay and salt
An unusual, but no less effective way to protect wooden structures lies in covering them with a mixture prepared from clay, water and salt, taken in a ratio of 75:20:5.
Burning
Firing will allow you to save wooden structures in their original form. At the beginning of work, spray a small amount of water on the surface, and then burn it, armed with a blowtorch. Remove the resulting soot with an iron brush and cover the wood with varnish / paint with water-repellent properties.
Finnish method
In the people, houses made of wood are called Finnish. That is why a method of protecting wood with the same name appeared. What is its essence? The elements are treated with a heated mixture based on flour, water, salt, iron sulfate and dry slaked lime. Please note that the main part of the composition is water and flour, and the finished mass should resemble sour cream in consistency.
The main advantage of the Finnish recipe is that the product is resistant to moisture. That is why they are often treated with fences and roof structures.
Now you have learned how to treat wood from decay and mold. As you can see, most of the tools are simple and affordable.
Wood is a soft, but durable, favorite material for building houses in summer cottages. Even if the building is built of brick or foam blocks, logs, timber or boards are used to build a bathhouse, garage, gazebo, veranda. Can't do without wooden decor- wells, benches, swings, bridges. Fences and fences are also made of wood. To avoid the rapid destruction of the material, it is necessary to effectively protect the wood from external factors: excessive moisture, fire, insect pests.
If the moisture content of the material exceeds 15%, the structure of the wood begins to collapse: swell, delaminate, and then shrink. As a result, the products change their shape, cracks and gaps appear. Almost all wooden elements are affected high humidity, excluding, perhaps, sisal and rattan, as they come from the tropics.
The experiment showed that water does not penetrate into the pores of a bar treated with a water-repellent composition, while it is quickly absorbed into unprotected wood.
There are special solutions that protect wood from moisture. They are divided into two groups:
- penetrating;
- film-forming.
The first group provides a more reliable barrier against the penetration of liquid into the wood structure. The process of processing with the compositions of the second group must be repeated over time. Consider two means of resisting high humidity.
Aidol Langzeit-Lasur is a medium-viscosity impregnating compound, excellent for covering the walls of a house, country furniture, balcony and terrace railings, fences. Azure is safe enough to cover children's toys and buildings. It has many decorative shades: silver gray, teak, ebony, dark oak.
If wood is treated with Aidol Langzeit-Lasur impregnation conifers, it should be primed first. This rule also applies to products damaged by fungus or mold.
Belinka Interier Sauna contains acrylic resins, water and additives. This is a colorless azure, ideal for processing wood in baths or saunas. Two coats of the solution are applied with a roller, brush or sprayer.
Belinka Interier Sauna does not mask the natural texture of wood, but only makes it more silky and shiny. A can of azure 2.5 liters costs 950-1000 rubles
Ways to protect against decay
temperature fluctuations, precipitation, solar radiation lead to untimely rotting of wood. The first signs of decay are the appearance of mold and fungus. Large areas of foci indicate that the material can no longer be saved. If a wooden crafts or buildings experiencing atmospheric troubles, high humidity from precipitation and condensate, it will not be superfluous to carry out preventive work that will protect the wood from decay.
The best helpers in this matter are antiseptics, which are pastes or liquid solutions. Some of them are universal, that is, they protect the material not only from moldy fungi, but also from beetles. Examples of such formulations are two popular remedies.
PINOTEX IMPRA is used to treat wooden surfaces that are not subject to further decoration. Usually these are beams, roof slings, lathing details, that is, hidden parts of buildings. Impregnation has green color. On the wood covered with it, the appearance of mold, blue, fungus and rot is excluded.
The antiseptic Pinotex Impra goes on sale in large containers. Means price: 3 l - 1100 rubles, 10 l - 3350 rubles
Senezh Ecobio is used both as an independent coating and as a primer for varnish or paint. 2-3 layers of the product protect the wood from decay for 30 years.
If the wooden surface was originally treated with varnish, paint, drying oil or other water-repellent agents, it is useless to apply SENEGE ECOBIO
Flame retardants - reliable fire protection
To protect wood from fire, there are fire-resistant solutions - flame retardants. For residential buildings, they are mandatory. Under the influence of a flame, the substance with which the wood is impregnated turns into a thin film that can prevent the flame for some time. Coatings are of different types:
- solutions;
- plasters;
- paints;
- coatings.
Flame retardant sample - NEOMID 530, impregnation for exterior and internal works. Guaranteed service life - 7 years. Reliably protects from fire wooden walls, ceilings, door and window blocks, partitions. The composition of the flame retardant does not change the structure of the wood. Lacquers, paints, primers can be applied over the fire retardant solution.
It should be borne in mind that when applying the flame retardant NEOMID 530, a slight tinting of the material occurs, depending on the type of wood, so it is recommended to test it before starting work.
Pyrilax is a biopyrene that protects wood from fire and localizes fires. The prefix bio- means that the agent is at the same time a barrier to the appearance of mold and insects. The solution provides effective protection inside and outside the building, safe for the treatment of buildings for poultry and livestock.
Pyrilax for external use is not washed out by precipitation for 13-15 years. Indoors, it provides protection for 25 years
Insects - no chance!
Tiny beetles can turn to dust wooden furniture, walls and floors of the house. Grinder beetles, barbels and weevils, together with their larvae, slowly but surely destroy the untreated construction material. Only protection of wood from harmful insects will save the situation.
Much easier and cheaper to take preventive measures than to replace damaged logs and beams. Insecticidal solutions will expel already settled pests from shelters and block the way for newcomers. You can use folk remedies - a solution of tar in turpentine, chlorophos, paraffin, or a mixture of kerosene and carbolic acid. But compositions for professional processing are more effective.
Boron Aqua Lacquer impregnates the surface of the wood, protecting it from any negative manifestations from the outside, including beetles. They cover window and door blocks, skirting boards, stairs, railings, fences, wooden walls of houses. Transparent impregnation does not distort the texture of wood, only changes its color to the desired one. The varnish can be diluted with water, but its percentage should not exceed 10%.
The number of layers of applied Aqua-lacquer depends on the location wooden elements: indoors two are enough, outside - at least three
Tonotex antiseptic serves both to protect wooden surfaces and to decorate. Its composition emphasizes the texture of wood without changing its properties. A range of different shades allows you to give ordinary wood the color of one of valuable breeds tree.
Tonotex refers to the universal compositions that are used for wood processing on the territory suburban area: it will protect against both atmospheric troubles and biological threats
Comprehensive protection of residential buildings
If we compare country house, built in the middle of the last century, and modern country cottage, you can see a big difference. It concerns the appearance of wood. The old houses had practically no additional protection, so after a few years the logs became porous, gray, covered with cracks and small holes. Now, thanks to the complex processing of all wooden parts and structures appearance houses do not change over time.
Construction supermarkets offer a wide range of protective compounds for wood: both affordable domestic and more expensive foreign-made
Various impregnations, solutions, azures, varnishes and paints contain substances that protect wood from insects, rapid wear and decay. Using protective compounds when building a house, you can make it really impregnable, reliable and safe.
The tree under the influence of moisture quickly collapses and turns into dust. Therefore, the processing of wood from decay is a paramount task facing the manufacturer of building or finishing materials. Various impregnations endow the tree with moisture-resistant qualities, protect it from fungus, harmful bacteria and insects.
Harm of humidity and microorganisms
No matter what construction lumber is used in, they are still exposed to atmospheric precipitation or humid vapors inside rooms. It is clear with precipitation, they penetrate into the fibrous structure of the tree, reducing the strength of the material. With favorable temperature conditions fungi and mold begin to appear inside damp wood, for which humid environment- native home.
Boards, beams, logs begin to darken and rot, which ultimately reduces their strength and leads to destruction.
As for the humidity inside the house, it is good if the wooden wall decoration is used in dry rooms. Here it will last longer, but we must also take into account the fact that wood is a material that burns well. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the question of how to reduce the fire hazard of the building. Thus, it is best to choose a composition for impregnating wood, which will protect not only from moisture and decay, but also from fire.
Folk remedies
There is a mass people's councils and recipes (inexpensive and effective) for treating walls, ceilings and other structures from decay. Some impregnation formulations are very easy to use and inexpensive.
- The method of protection is based on the use vegetable oil and propolis, which are mixed in a ratio of 3:1. The resulting solution is applied to a tree, previously cleaned of dirt and dust. The method is simple and effective if the task is to neutralize harmful microorganisms. But such impregnation is not fire resistant. On the contrary, it supports combustion well.
- Copper vitriol. This is a powder of blue granules, which must be diluted with water. The solution (one percent) is applied to the cleaned surface with a brush, sponge or sprayer. Such impregnation is very effective, since copper sulfate kills all bacteria and fungi and penetrates deep into the structure of the tree. The only negative is that the solution dries for a long time (10-20 days depending on the temperature).
- Previously for coating lower rims log houses used tar. Later they began to use hot bitumen. A good option for impregnation in terms of efficiency, but as for safety and environmental friendliness, there are a lot of questions.
- Machine oil. At one time, working out for a tree was used very often, and this helped in the fight against almost all negative factors relating to the protection of lumber from decay. But the oil burns well, which has caused more than one fire. So it was subsequently abandoned, although this folk way are still in use.
- Finnish method. The technology got its name from the name of the country, because this method is still used in Finland. It is based on a mixture of several ingredients: copper sulfate, slaked lime, salt and flour. All components are mixed in certain proportions and diluted with water to a paste state. Processing is carried out in two layers, the second is applied to the first after it has completely dried. The method of paste impregnation is harmless and effective. Today it is mainly used for processing wooden fences and roofs, because the paste is practically not washed out with water.
There is also a method that is not associated with impregnation and consists in firing boards or logs of wood. Slightly moistened wood is burned with a blowtorch, which kills all harmful organisms and creates protection from moisture and decay. That part of the fence posts that will be in the ground is often burned with an open flame of a fire. Burnt wood practically does not rot.
Types of antiseptics
To modern means protecting wood from decay and moisture include a huge range of antiseptic compounds, which are divided into several groups. The very word antiseptic is a combination of two Greek words: "against" and "putrid". The classification of antiseptic formulations is based on the features of their use.
According to the place of processing (according to localization), the division into internal impact and external. For external use, antiseptic preparations are more effective, but almost all of them are toxic.
According to the raw material, wood impregnations are either organic or inorganic. Inorganic antiseptics are less harmful, because after application they are quickly absorbed into the wood. Today, all manufacturers of antiseptic formulations are trying to reduce the toxicity of the proposed drugs.
Impregnations are separated by the nature of the solvent present in the composition. There are two positions here: aqueous solution and non-aqueous. The first is organic or synthetic salts diluted in water. This group is divided into two subgroups: surface antiseptics and penetrating. The second are mixtures that include additional non-aqueous ingredients.
It should be noted that the proposed antiseptic formulations are often used in conjunction with other protective impregnations, for example with water-repellent paints, drying oils or varnishes. Separately, it must be said about oil-based septic tanks. It is an excellent material for impregnating wood, highly effective and hardening. Penetrating deep into the wood, it binds the fibers, as if their conservation occurs.
Note! When choosing an antiseptic for wood processing, it is necessary to consider with what finishing materials it can match. Some compositions are easily covered with paints and varnishes, others are used as a finishing coating. With the help of the latter, the wood is glazed, emphasizing the texture of the surface.
Manufacturers offer antiseptics in the form of powders, ready-made solutions and pastes. The first are ammonium or sodium fluorides, which, when in contact with water, turn into a transparent liquid. It is easy to apply, dries quickly, odorless. It should be noted that an aqueous solution of sodium fluoride powder does not interact with metals. That is, by treating wood with such an impregnation, you can be sure that metal fasteners or other parts of a metal structure will not corrode under the action of a liquid.
Antiseptic pastes are made on the basis of industrial oils with the addition of water and silicon fluorides. It is believed that this is the most effective material in terms of protection against moisture, decay and microorganisms. But he, in turn, is the most toxic. Therefore, pastes for internal processing wooden finish or interior items are not used. Most often, they process support poles, fences, piles, supports for berths, etc.
Antiseptic impregnations for water based used to process wood, which during operation will not come into contact with water or moisture. This is a material that can be used for impregnation wooden cladding interior spaces. Such an impregnation dries for several hours. Water, which is part of the antiseptic, can adversely affect the quality of the tree, causing warping and cracking.
Oil-based impregnations are used if wooden materials will come into contact with water. For example, a beam from which a house was built, a fence with racks, and so on. They change the color of the wood, they have a strong and pungent smell that lasts a long time.
Compositions based on organic solvents, after drying, form a thin hydrophobic film on the surface of the wood, which does not allow water to pass through. They can be used both outside and inside the premises.
Technology of use
Some special requirements to the application of impregnation for wood from moisture and decay is not. All this is similar to applying paint or varnish, so you can easily handle this process with your own hands.
- processing is best done in dry and warm weather;
- impregnation should be applied to the cleaned surface;
- brushes and rollers are used as tools, if the processing area is large, then liquid formulations wood can be sprayed with a spray gun;
- if work is carried out on the street using toxic preparations, then personal protective equipment must be worn: gloves, goggles, a respirator;
- pay attention to the consumption of antiseptics, which the manufacturer indicates on the label, you should not exceed it, because many applied layers do not mean an increase in their protective properties;
- read the rules for using wood impregnations, which the manufacturer indicates on the label, strictly follow them.
There are some structures built from lumber that are constantly exposed to moisture. These are underground cellars. Here the structure must be processed both outside and inside. Outdoor treatment includes full coverage with moisture-proof antiseptic, plus good waterproofing as bituminous mastic or hot bitumen.
From the inside, only treatment with antiseptic compounds is more often carried out. Better on oil based because inside the cellar is always wet. The main thing is to provide the room with good ventilation.
Popular antiseptics
The domestic building materials market is simply littered with antiseptic compounds from different manufacturers. Here is a list of the most popular impregnations that are commonly used.
"Senezh". This material can be used both for primary processing and for wood that has already been previously treated with a different composition. Impregnation easily copes with various biodegradants, mainly used in indoor areas. It cannot be used if the wood has been coated with paint or varnish, so all surfaces are completely cleaned before processing.
"Tikkurila". The Finnish manufacturer has ensured that its antiseptics not only protect wooden products and lumber from the harmful effects of moisture and microorganisms, but also from sunlight.
Pirilax. This is a composition, as they say, two in one - an antiseptic and a fire retardant. The latter is a material that increases the degree fire safety tree. It turns out that using this species impregnation, you can solve several problems at once: reduce the intensity of wood aging, reduce the ability to crack under the influence of moisture, plus kill harmful bugs and microorganisms. And, of course, to increase the fire resistance of the material.
It is impossible to say that the last antiseptic is the best. Each composition has its own purpose. In addition, Pirilax is not the cheapest material. Therefore, it is easier to purchase two liquids: an antiseptic and a fire retardant separately and treat the wood with them.
Note! First you need to impregnate the tree with an antiseptic solution, and apply a flame retardant on top of it.
It should be noted that fire retardants are not 100% flame retardant. After drying, a film forms on the treated surface, which can simply delay the ignition of the wood for a while. But sometimes this time is enough to avoid serious consequences.
Wood has been used by man in construction and everyday life since ancient times. This natural material is exposed to moisture and other external factors, as a result of which fungus and rot appear on it. In order for the tree to serve for a long time, its proper protection from harmful influences is important. Processing is not expensive, in addition, it is easy to do it yourself.
Why does rot appear
A common cause that triggers the process of decay is a fungus, the vital activity of which destroys the structure of the tree. If the spores fall on the wood, it begins to become infected and then damaged. The house mushroom is considered to be the most dangerous, as it affects even a tree protected from weathering.
Allocate the following signs infections:
- change in the natural color of the tree cover;
- the appearance of cracks;
- decrease in the level of strength;
- structure destruction.
Photo: floorboards often exposed to moisture
Wood begins to rot earlier, subject to:
- exposure to moisture;
- freezing and thawing;
- influence of sunlight and wind.
The process begins on the outer layers, as well as at the points of contact between the tree and the soil, and then develops very quickly. Particularly prone to damage window frames and Bottom part wooden houses.
The following conditions contribute to the appearance of mold:
- High air humidity (75-100%).
- The level of moisture content in the material (from 15%).
- Large temperature fluctuations.
Processing options
Protection of wood from the fungus is carried out with the help of a number of preventive measures carried out in advance. Choose one or another option based on the budget and operating conditions of the facility.
For chemical method wood processing uses an antiseptic.
AT construction stores in stock different variants such means - both in the form of a solution, and in the form of a paste. Protection should be applied not only to the wooden surface, but also to the places of contact with the ground. The depth of impregnation is about one and a half meters. A solution of potassium dichromate (5%) or sulfuric acid (5%) is best suited. Novotex, Pinotex, Biokron and Biosept are antiseptics that are completely ready for use.
For processing a tree in the ground, only certain groups of antiseptics and impregnations are suitable. Make sure that the product is moisture resistant, since underground the material is more susceptible to salt and moisture. It is necessary to cover with this preparation all surfaces of the structure that are exposed to atmospheric precipitation.
Thematic material:
To prevent rotting, it is good to dry the wood - this will save the material from excess moisture.
There are artificial and natural drying. The first option is carried out using petrolatum or wood storage in special chambers with increased temperature regime. The process occurs quickly: the time varies from one hour to several days, and the fungus dies under such conditions.
Natural drying - more suitable option for independent conduct. The wood is left under a canopy for outdoors or stored in a well-ventilated area. The process takes a lot of time: from one week to several months, but this method does not require large material costs and guarantees reliable protection material.
A high foundation ensures a long service life of a wooden structure
How to prevent rotting
To reduce the likelihood of development of putrefactive processes to a minimum, at the construction stage provide:
- high foundation;
- waterproofing;
- good level of ventilation;
- moisture resistant roof.
Folk tree protection methods
People have long begun to look for ways to prevent wood rotting, so there are a number of folk remedies to protect this popular natural material, of which there are two main ones.
tarnishing
Represents the impregnation of dry wood with resin high temperature. More often this method is used for courtyard buildings, but sometimes it is also used for interior work with ceiling beams and floor boards.
Burning
The surface of the material is fired with a blowtorch until saturated. Brown color. The tree must be kept damp. After the process, the formed soot is carefully cleaned from the wood until growth rings appear.
Both methods are considered quite effective. After such processing, it remains only to cover the tree with varnish or moisture-resistant impregnation.
Protecting wood from moisture
On the ready product a transparent varnish is applied, which will protect the material from weathering, give it extra shine and improve its appearance. Repeat the treatment once every five years. Thus, it is achieved high protection material from harmful effects moisture, precipitation and wind.
If you don't know if the wood has been treated with a moisture-proofing agent, apply a small amount of water to the surface of the wood. In the absence of such treatment, moisture will immediately begin to be absorbed, and if the product has already been used, then a drop of water will remain on the surface.
In addition, one of the most common and effective ways protecting the tree from moisture - the use of oil.
It is applied to the surface of the material, carefully treating each crack and joint. Remember that oil will make the color of the wood more saturated or even darker. This method has a cumulative effect, so it is carried out monthly.
You can also tint wood with stain on alcohol based, which will refresh the color a little. It is recommended to repeat the process once every two years.
Wood treatment with moisture-resistant impregnations will also become effective tool protection. These drugs are penetrating and film-forming.
Important! Please note that penetrating solutions are the most effective, as they are absorbed into the material and protect it both from the outside and inside.
We examined the main ways to protect wood from moisture and decay. The use of these methods will extend the life of a wooden structure for many years. Protection and proper care are the basic requirements for the operation of the tree.
Related videos
Loading...