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n1.doc

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)
PRODUCTION OF WORKS ON INSTALLATION OF METAL AIR DUCTS

INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. Typical routing(hereinafter referred to as TTK) was developed for a set of works on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems.

1.2. A typical flow chart is intended for use in the development of Work Production Projects (PPR), Construction Organization Projects (POS), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of installation work.

1.3. The purpose of creating the presented TTC is to give a recommended scheme of the technological process for carrying out installation work, to show the composition and content of the TTC, examples of filling in the necessary tables.

1.4. On the basis of the TTC, as part of the WEP (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts are developed for the implementation certain types installation work.

When linking a Typical flow chart to a specific facility and construction conditions, production schemes, scopes of work, labor costs, mechanization tools, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.

1.5. All working technological maps are developed according to the working drawings of the project, regulate the means of technological support and the rules for implementation technological processes during the production of installation work.

1.6. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, progressive local norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.

1.7. Working flow charts are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction and Installation Organization, in agreement with the Customer's organization, the Customer's Technical Supervision and the organizations in charge of the operation this building, buildings.

1.8. The use of TTK helps to improve the organization of production, increase labor productivity and its scientific organization, reduce costs, improve quality and reduce the duration of construction, safe performance of work, organization of rhythmic work, rational use labor resources and machines, as well as reducing the time for the development of PPR and the unification of technological solutions.

1.9. The scope of work sequentially performed during installation supply system ventilation includes:

Collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

Installation of the ventilation system according to the design scheme;

Commissioning of the ventilation system.

1.10. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in rooms serves mainly to create conditions air environment, favorable for human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preservation of equipment and building structures of the building, storage of materials and products.

1.11. A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases heat (100 kcal / hour or more), water vapor (40-70 g / hour) and carbon dioxide (23-45 l / hour) into the surrounding air; production processes can be accompanied by immeasurably large emissions of heat, water vapor, harmful fumes, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses its hygienic qualities that are favorable for the well-being, health and performance of a person.

Hygienic requirements for ventilation are reduced to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

1.12. The essence of ventilation is as follows: the supply air is mixed with the room air and as a result of the heat exchange or mass transfer that occurs in the room, the specified air parameters are created.

1.13. Work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization construction industry;

SNiP 3.05.01-85. Internal sanitary systems;

SNiP 3.05.05-84. Technological equipment and technological pipelines;

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization of construction production", before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the facility, the General Contractor is obliged to obtain permission from the Customer to perform installation work in the prescribed manner. The basis for the start of work can be the Certificate of Examination of Hidden Works to Prepare the Premises for Installation of Ventilation.

2.2. Installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, the Working Design, the Project for the Production of Works and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.

2.3. The requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are reduced to ensuring that the design parameters of the air environment in ventilated rooms are provided. This is achieved by maximum sealing of air duct systems and equipment, the necessary sound insulation, proper conditions for the operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

Reducing lead times installation and assembly works, while keeping them High Quality, is achieved with high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and air duct assemblies (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves, gates, throttle devices; fasteners; hangers; brackets; brackets ; flanges) prefabricated or made in workshops with appropriate mechanical equipment. On site, as a rule, only manufactured parts are assembled, using mechanisms for moving workpieces and ventilation equipment.

2.4. Prior to the installation of ventilation systems, the following works must be fully completed and accepted by the customer:

Installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

Construction of foundations or platforms for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

Building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

Waterproofing work at the installation sites of air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, wet filters;

Installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) at the places of installation of fans on spring vibration isolators, as well as "floating" bases for the installation of ventilation equipment;

Arrangement of supports for the installation of roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on the roofs of buildings;

Preparation of openings in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying air ducts;

Construction of foundations, foundations and platforms for the installation of ventilation equipment;

Drawing on the internal and external walls of all premises of auxiliary marks equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

Plastering (or cladding) the surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

Mounting openings in walls and ceilings were prepared for the supply of large-sized equipment and air ducts, and crane beams were installed in the ventilation chambers;

Installed in accordance with the working documentation, embedded parts in building structures for fixing equipment and air ducts;

It is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

Glazed window openings in external fences, insulated entrances and openings;

Measures taken to ensure safe production installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

2.5. When accepting an object for installation, the following must be checked:

compliance with all requirements of SNiP and current technical conditions;

availability and correct execution of acts for hidden work;

geometric dimensions and binding to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, supporting structures on the roof of the building for installing roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, mounting openings;

correct installation of embedded parts;

the device of protections of apertures, floorings and canopies.

2.6. Loading blanks on vehicles at procurement enterprises should be carried out by the enterprise, unloading at the facility - by the assembly site.

2.7. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, the following should be provided:

for air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

for air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

for semi-finished products - special packaging.

2.8. Loading and unloading and lifting work at the facilities it is recommended to produce with the maximum use of mechanization with the help of workers who are part of the assembly teams.

2.9. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training in the rigging program and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on lifting and moving loads.

2.10. Winches, forklift trucks, truck cranes, pneumatic wheel and caterpillar jib cranes, tower and gantry cranes should be used as mechanized lifting equipment at facilities.

2.11. Slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment is recommended to be carried out with inventory lifting equipment.

Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the lifted load and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Slings
a- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks;

in- four-branch sling

2.12. The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For horizontal elements ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units) should use two braces, for vertical ones (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Figure 2-24.

Fig.2. Slinging VPA-40

Fig.3. Slinging of autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Fig.4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version N 1

Fig.5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 1

Fig.6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 6

Fig.7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 N 10, 12.5

Fig.8. Slinging of the upper part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.9. Slinging of the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.10. Slinging of the shaft with the fan frame Ts4-76 N 16, 20

Fig.11. Axial fan slinging

Fig.12. Axial fan slinging

Fig.13. Slinging fan VKR-6,3.30.45.6.01

Fig.14. Slinging air curtain A6.3 STD 729.00.00.001

Fig.15. Scrubber sling

Fig.16. Slinging cyclone type TsN

Fig.17. Slinging packing of the irrigation chamber OKF

Fig.18. Slinging of the packaging of the ventilation unit drive

Fig.19. Slinging of the wheel packaging and guide vane in the casing

Fig.20. Slinging packaging air filter FR-3

Fig.21. Valve Packing Slinging

Fig.22. Slinging the packaging of KO and VK chambers

Fig.23. Air duct slinging

Fig.24. Slinging of an enlarged unit lifted in a vertical position

2.13. The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey , industrial, public, etc.).

2.14. As shaped parts of a complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal-fabric, aluminum foil etc. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

2.15. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

marking of places for installation of means of fastening air ducts;

installation of fasteners;

coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

checking the completeness and quality of the delivered parts of the air ducts;

assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

installation of the block in the design position and fixing it;

installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

2.16. The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

2.17. Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. 25-28.

Fig.25. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts according to outer wall building
1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Fig.26. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts in the building
1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 4 - pendants

Fig.27. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts on a flyover
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto-hydraulic lift

Fig.28. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building
1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch;

4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

2.18. During the installation of air ducts, step-by-step control should be carried out in accordance with the Map operational control.

Card of operational control of installation of metal air ducts

Table 1

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fasteners, etc.)	-	Permanent 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette 10 m Plumb 200 g	Permanent 100%
Drilling holes in building structures	drilling depth	steel meter	Permanent 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength	-	Permanent 100%. Visually
Assembly into enlarged units of parts of air ducts, regulating and air distribution Devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the project. Tightness of connections	-	Visually. Permanent 100%
Rise to the design level and interconnection of enlarged air duct assemblies with preliminary fixing	The position of the transverse seams and detachable connections air ducts in relation to building structures. Verticality of risers. Absence of kinks, curvature in straight sections of air ducts	Plumb 200 g	Visually. Permanent 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fixing	Horizontal installation of air ducts and observance of slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. Density of coverage of the duct by clamps. Reliability and appearance mounts	Metal meter, tape measure 10 m, level 300 mm	Permanent 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)	-	Permanent 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Output 100%. Visually

2.19. Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

acceptance of ventilation chambers;

delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

installation of lifting equipment;

slinging of the fan or individual parts;

lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan;

fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

fan operation check.

2.20. During the installation of fans, step-by-step control must be carried out in accordance with the Operational Control Cards.

Installation operational control card centrifugal fans

table 2

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components	-
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal foundation, frames	Level 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Installation of fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Pulley verticality, shaft horizontality	Plumb 200 g	Permanent 100%
Assembly of fans on the frame: Installing the fan base Installing the lower part of the fan shroud Turbine installation with its frame fastened to the frame Setting the input branch pipe	Fastening strength. Gap between the edge of the front disc of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength	- Ruler	Visually. Permanent 100%
Installation of the upper part of the casing and connection on the flanges of the individual parts of the fan casing	Connection tightness	-	Visually. Permanent 100%
Adjustment and final mounting of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniformity of settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of fastening of vibration isolators to the frame	-	Visually. Permanent 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct position of the turbine wheel	-	Permanent 100%. (when scrolling, the risks should not match)
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled	Parallelism of the sled. The strength of the fastening of the electric motor to the sled. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and motor shafts. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts	Level 300 mm Cord	Constant 100%. Visually Visual, hand-tested
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt guard	The alignment of the grooves for the V-belts of the fan pulleys and the electric motor. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Permanent 100%
Connection of air ducts to the fan with installation of flexible connectors	Tightness of connections. No sag in flexible connectors	-	Visually. Permanent 100%

Installation operational control card axial fans

Table 3

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	quality (lack of mechanical damage), completeness	-	Permanent 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installing the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. vertical, horizontal	plumb line	Visually. Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller	Ruler	Permanent 100%. Visual, hand-tested

Operational control card for installation of roof fans
Table 4

Supply of a fan complete with an electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (lack of mechanical damage)	-	Permanent 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the levelness of the bowl support flange	Horizontal	Level 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Connecting the self-opening damper to the fan	Ease of valve movement	-	Permanent 100%. Visual, hand-tested
Installing the fan housing on the glass with its fastening with anchor bolts	The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	plumb line	Permanent 100%. Visually Testing by hand Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation	-	Permanent 100%. Visually (according to the project)

2.21. After completion of the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, pre-start individual and integrated tests are carried out, which should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 and SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The participation of representatives of the ventilation, electrical installation organizations and the customer in individual tests is mandatory and is made out by appropriate entries in the "Journal of applications for scrolling the electric drive together with the mechanism".

Individual tests of ventilation equipment in idle mode are carried out by the installation organization under the guidance of an engineering and technical worker allocated for this purpose.

For individual testing of ventilation equipment, the customer appoints a responsible person authorized to give orders for the supply and removal of voltage from electrical installations. The start of electric motors when testing ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out by a representative of the electrical installation organization.

Comprehensive testing of equipment is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of design and construction contractors. Mounting specialized organizations, together with the operating personnel, provide round-the-clock duty to monitor the operation and proper operation of the equipment.

Individual tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed only after complete assembly and installation of ventilation equipment, installation of guards for moving parts, checking the condition of the electrical wiring, grounding and correct connection of the power supply.

Before starting a comprehensive test and adjustment of the ventilation and air conditioning system, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people in the air conditioners and supply chambers, and also to remove all foreign objects and tools from air ducts, filters, cyclones.

If during the production of pre-start tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems, extraneous noise or equipment vibration exceeding the permissible level is detected, the tests should be stopped immediately.

After disconnecting the ventilation equipment from the power supply, it is impossible to climb and go inside the air ducts, bunkers and shelters until the equipment stops completely.

After completion of pre-start tests and adjustment, as well as during breaks (completion of work, lunch), the ventilation equipment must be disconnected from the power supply.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHARTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN TYPES OF WORK

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

FOR INSTALLATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

6307030131
41131

MOUNTINGSTRUCTURES LARGE-PANE RESIDENTIAL 9-FLOOR NOGO HOUSE SERIES 90

10. INSTALLATION OF TYPICAL FLOOR VENTILATION UNITS

MOSCOW 1991

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. A typical flow chart was developed for the installation of ventilation units of a typical floor, a large-panel 9-storey residential building of the 90 series.

1.2. The scope of work considered in the map includes the installation of ventilation units.

1.3. All work on the installation of ventilation units is carried out in three shifts. The map provides for the installation of ventilation units with a KB-405.1A tower crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons at a building height of up to 30 m.

1.4. When linking a typical flow sheet to a specific facility and construction conditions, the procedure adopted in the map for the installation of ventilation units, placement of machinery and equipment, scope of work, mechanization tools are specified in accordance with design decisions.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Prior to the installation of ventilation units, organizational and preparatory measures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 "Organization of construction production".

In addition, the following work must be done:

mounted, external and internal wall panels (in case of installation, ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and sanitary cabins);

all structures of a typical floor, including floor slabs, have been installed (in the case of installation of free-standing ventilation units);

the channels of the downstream ventilation unit are cleaned from the remnants of the solution and other foreign objects;

mechanisms, inventory and devices were delivered to the site and prepared for operation;

workers and engineers are familiar with the technology of work and trained in safe working methods.

2.2. Installation of the above-ground part of the building, including ventilation units, is recommended to be carried out with tower cranes.

The location of the tower crane and the distance of the crane tracks from the building is set when linking the map, depending on the space-planning solution of the building and the brand of the crane. The maximum distance from the axis of movement of the crane to the wall is determined by its technical characteristics, the minimum - by the safety conditions of work in accordance with SNiP III-4-80* "Safety in construction". The layout of the mounting crane is shown on,.

2.3. Transportation of ventilation units is carried out by semi-trailers-panel carriers in a vertical or slightly inclined (no more than 12 ° to the vertical) position.

Ventilation units are placed on panel carriers in accordance with loading cards, which are compiled at manufacturing plants according to the installation schedule of objects.

Vehicles must have the necessary devices to ensure the stable position of the ventilation units during transportation and protect them. them from damage.

Under the cables that secure the ventilation units, soft pads should be placed to avoid damage to the edges and surfaces.

Installation of ventilation units is carried out mainly from vehicles. In the case when installation from vehicles is not possible, the ventilation units are unloaded onto a salary located in the area of ​​the installation crane.

Store ventilation units in a warehouse in cassettes or in pyramids ().

and the unloading must be uniform on both sides of the pyramid to prevent it from tipping over. Slinging and unslinging of ventilation blocks, stored in a pyramid warehouse , is produced from its upper platform .

Loading and unloading operations and transportation ventilation units are produced in compliance with the measures excluding the possibility of their damage.

The solution is prepared centrally and delivered to the site using road transport means : mortar carriers, concrete trucks, truck mixers and dump trucks.

Mortar mixtures at the construction site should be stored in container boxes, in swivel buckets, in bunkers, in nodes and installations for receiving, mixing and issuing mixtures.

Supply of solution to the place of work carry out assembly crane in mortar boxes.

2.4. Installation of ventilation blocks adjacent to the internal wall panels and sanitary cabins is carried out during the installation of internal wall panels, partitions and sanitary cabins. Installation of freestanding ventilation units produced after the installation of floor slabs.

Slinging ventilation blocks carry outuniversal traversefour-branched for two loops (). The angle of inclination of the slings to the vertical is allowed no more than 15 °.

The installation of ventilation units is carried out according to the grips (one block-section is taken for the grip) and is carried out in a certain technologicalsequences. Scheme sequences installation of ventilation units using the example of block - section 90-05 is shown on.

Ventilation blocks are installed on a layer cement mortar with the combination of channels in height and careful monolithic horizontal seams. To prevent solution ingress to the channels ventilation block , it is spread on top of the template - frame with plugs . After laying the solution, the frame is removed and the installation proceeds. ventilation block .

Installation of ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and sanitary cabins are carried out as follows:

the ventilation unit delivered by a crane to a height of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed is accepted by installers;

reconcile its position and lower it onto the mortar bed. At the same time, the installers make sure that the hinges of the lower block fit into the grooves of the block being installed. Alignment of ventilation blocks is performed by combining the axes of two mutually perpendicular faces of the installed blocks at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower block. Relative to the vertical plane, the blocks are installed by aligning the planes of two mutually perpendicular faces with the help of a plumb line.

the adjusted ventilation unit is temporarily attached to the inner wall panel with two clamps ();

after alignment and temporary fixing of the ventilation unit, installers unsling the unit.

Temporary fastenings (clamps) can be removed only after the installation of sanitary cabins adjacent to the installed blocks.

Installation of free-standing ventilation units is carried out in the following technological order:

the ventilation unit delivered to the place of installation is received and directed into the hole in the floor slab. The installer, located on the underlying floor, takes it at a distance of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed and turns it in the right direction;

the ventilation block is lowered onto the prepared mortar bed and its position is aligned, aligning the axes of two mutually perpendicular faces of the block at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower block. If there are deviations from the design position, the installers correct the bottom of the block with mounting crowbars;

installers located on the overlying floor correct the position of the top of the block, and after reaching the design position, fix it with wooden wedges ();

after the final reconciliation, making sure that the temporary fastening is reliable, the block is unstrapped.

The internal cavity of the channels must be cleaned of the squeezed out solution with a mop.

The places where the ventilation unit passes through the floor slab are sealed with cement mortar.

2.6. When doing work in winter time it is necessary to be guided by the instructions of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", as well as current instructions, manuals and special project instructions.

Winter working conditions are determined by the average daily outdoor temperature below 5°C and the minimum daily temperature below 0°C (SNiP 3.03.01-87).

In winter, it is necessary to ensure proper warehousing and storage of structures in the on-site warehouse, protecting them from ice formation. The top of the ventilation blocks in the warehouse is sewn with panels of rolled material.

Before lifting the ventilation unit, check whether it is frozen to the ground or neighboring products.

Preparation of ventilation units for installation includes their cleaning from snow and ice, especially carefully at the joints. Cleaning should be done with scrapers or steel brushes. Upon completion of the removal of ice, the surfaces to be joined should be dried with a jet of hot air.

It is not allowed to use steam to clean the mating surfaces, hot water or saline solution.

Prior to the installation of ventilation units, snow and ice should be removed from the ceiling and butt joints, sprinkled with sand workplace, storage areas and aisles, flights of stairs and platforms, clear the channels of the mounted ventilation unit from snow.

Installation work in winter conditions should be carried out using the same tools, fixtures and equipment as in the summer.

All rigging and mounting fixtures must be kept ice-free and dry. Couplings and screw connections must be lubricated with oil.

Installation of ventilation units in winter conditions can be carried out on solutions with antifreeze additives that ensure their hardening in the cold.

As antifreeze additives introduced into solutions, sodium nitrite should be used ( NaNO 2 ), complex additive NCM (sodium nitrite + urea), potash ( K2CO3 ) and a combined additive of potash and sodium nitrite.

The use of anti-frost additives - sodium nitrite, is recommended at an outdoor temperature of up to minus 15 ° C, NKM - up to minus 20 ° C, potash and a mixture of sodium nitrite with potash - up to minus 30 ° C.

The amount of antifreeze additives, depending on the outdoor temperature, should be prescribed in accordance with the "Guidelines for the installation of large-panel residential buildings with a small step", TsNIIEPzhilishcha, 1980.

When mounting at a temperature below minus 20°C, the solution should be applied one grade higher than the design one.

The solution for the next mounted ventilation unit should be spread immediately before its installation in place.

The use of a solution that has been frozen and thawed with hot water is not allowed.

At the construction site, the usual mortar mixture must be stored in an insulated container located in a specially designated place, protected from wind and precipitation.

Storage of a solution with the addition of sodium nitrite at temperatures up to minus 15°C, with potash - up to minus 30°C is allowed in non-insulated containers.

The work log should record the outside air temperature, the amount of additive introduced into the solution and other data reflecting the effect on the process of hardening solutions.

Table 1

Name of the set of machines and equipment	Variant (facet code)	Technical specifications		Quantity, pcs.
Mounting crane		Tower crane with lifting capacity
		Tower crane with a lifting capacity of 9 t
Vehicles		Semi-trailer-panel carrier of cassette type with a carrying capacity of 12 tons
		Semi-trailer-panel carrier of spinal type with a carrying capacity of 14t
Equipment		Mobile compressor unit		1 - ventilation blocks; 2 - warehouse-pyramid. Rice. - 3 Ventilation block slinging scheme 1 - universal traverse (four-branch self-balancing) Rice. - four. The scheme of the sequence of installation of prefabricated structures of a typical floor at the reception of sections 90-05 Rice. - 5. Note: 1. On the diagram of the sequence of installation of structures, the numbers in the numerator indicate the brand, and in the denominator - the ordinal number of the installation of structures. 2. Structures marked with (*) are unloaded to the on-site warehouse and mounted in order of priority. Alignment of the ventilation unit. Scheme of temporary fastening of the ventilation unit to the wall panel.		Solution supply
mortar shovel
			Leveling the mortar
	TU 22-4629-80		Surface cleaning
Bucket galvanized	GOST 20558-82		Storage of water or solution in the workplace
Darning	266.000.000 trust "Mosorgstroy"		Sealing horizontal joints
Blank frame template			Mortar bed device
mop	R.ch. MS-397 Ortyugstroy Institute of the Ministry of Yugstroy of the RSFSR		Cleaning the ventilation ducts from the solution
Measuring tape, metal			Measuring elements and staking out axes
Folding steel meter	TU 2-17-303-84		Element measurement
Metal measuring ruler
Rail-plumb	3295.03.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR		Determination of verticality when installing blocks
Fitters' booth	3295.07.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR		Winter heating and tool storage
Construction helmet			Head protection
Safety belt	GOST 12.4.089-86		Fall protection
Gloves (mittens) special			Protecting hands from injury

The need for materials and semi-finished products for the installation of ventilation units of a typical floor is given in Table. 6

Table 6

Name of material, design (brand, GOST)	Variant (facet code)	Initial data			Need
		unit	scope of work in normative units	accepted rate of consumption of materials	in materials
Cement mortar M100 (mortar bed) GOST 28013-89		100 pieces. blocks
Cement mortar M100 (for sealing the passage of ventilation units through the floor slab) GOST 28013-89					7.8. Work sites, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated. 7.9. When carrying out installation work, you should use the system of conditional signals established by the administration. All signals are given by only one person (foreman, team leader, rigger), except for the “Stop” signal, which is given by any person who has noticed a clear danger (SNiP III-4-80* p. 12.18). 7.10. On the site (capture) where installation work is being carried out, it is not allowed to perform other work and the presence of unauthorized persons (SNiP III-4-80* p. 12.1). 7.11. The ventilation units should be mounted in the technological sequence provided by the map. In this case, the following installation rules must be observed: before lifting the blocks, check the quality and reliability of their slinging; it is not allowed to lift by crane the blocks clamped by other elements or frozen to the ground ; move blocks in a horizontal direction at a height of at least 0.5 m and at a distance of at least 1 m from other structures; do not carry the ventilation units with a crane above the working installers' place, as well as over the area where other construction works are being carried out; accept the block to be delivered only when it is 0.2 - 0.3 m away from the installation site. When accepting an element, installers do not should be between it and another structure. 7.12. Install ventilating blocks should follow without shocks , without allowing impacts on other designs . 7.13. During breaks in work it is not allowed to leave raised ventilation units or weights on weight. 7.14. Installed in the design position, the ventilation units must be fixed so that their stability is ensured and geometric immutability. Unslinging of structures installed in the design position is allowed to be carried out after their permanent or temporary reliable fastening. It is not allowed to move the installed structures after their slinging. 7.15. Solution boxes should only be installed in junctions floor slabs to each other, i.e. e . above interior wall panels. 7.16. When preparing a mortar mixture using chemical additives, it is required to take measures to prevent skin burns and eye damage. This work should be carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for the use of concrete with antifreeze additives." 7.17. When performing work in winter, landings, marches, walkways, mounted ventilation units, as well as mounting devices must be cleared of snow and ice, and workersplacesto sprinklesand. 7.18. Notallowedfulfillmountingworkon theheight inopenplacesatspeedwind 15 m/ Withandmore, atblack ice, thunderstormandfog, exclusivevisibilityinwithinfrontworks. 7.19. If ainprocessmountingventilation blocksformedopenopenings, towhichavailableaccess, of people, necessaryinstallinventoryportablefencesorenjoyshields forfloorsholes. 7.20. Atworkon theheightfittersandotherworkersmustto beequippedverifiedandWages of assembly workers r.-k.	20 - 56
Salary of machine operators, r.-k.	7 - 10
Duration of work, shifts	0,99
Output per worker per shift, ventilation units	6,99
Conditional costs for mechanization, r.-k.	31 - 30
The amount of variable costs, r.-k.	51 - 86

9. FACETTED FACTOR CLASSIFIER

FACET 01

Unloading elements for on-site salary

Factor name	Rationale		Factor value
Weight unloaded ventilation units, t, up to: 1	§ E 1-7, No. 28 a, b K \u003d 0.8 (PR-2)		According to costing
2	Too, № 29 a, b		N.T. and rates for the driver multiply by 0.688. N.T. and rates for the rigger multiply by 0.692
3	The same, No. 30 a, b		N.T. and rates for the driver multiply by 0.438. N.T. and prices for the rigger multiply by 0.431

FACET 0 2

Height from the level of planning marks

Factor name	Rationale		Factor value
Rygota, m, up to: 15	ENiR, Sat. 4, no. 1, introductory part, item 3		According to costing
	Too, HF-1		Multiply the time limit and price by 1.05

FACET 03

Weightmountedelement

Factor name	Rationale		Factor value
Mass of the ventilation unit, t, up to:
	§ E 4-1-14,* 1		According to costing
	Same, No. 2		Multiply the time and price by 1.5
	Same, no. 3
	Same, no. 4	and

FACET 04

Inningssolutiontoplaceworktowercrane(heightrisebefore 12 m)

FACET 05

The height of the solution lifting to the place of work by a tower crane

Factor name	Rationale		Factor value
Lifting height, m, up to:
	§ E 1-7, No. 9 a, b		According to costing
	The same, No. 9a, b + c, d		Multiply the time rate and price by 1.2037
	Too, № 9a, b + 2 c, d		Same, 1.407
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 3 c, d		Same, 1.611
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 4c, d		Same, 1.815

FACET 06

Consumptioncementsolutionon the 100 PCS. blocks(mortarbed), m 3

Note. Framed in the table are the values ​​of the factors , for which the indicators in this technological map are calculated .



A typical technological map for the installation of ventilation is compiled for forced ventilation systems, which include a network of air ducts. Its main purpose is to familiarize workers and engineers with how the installation of ventilation ducts should take place, assistance in locating equipment indoors, the correct distribution of technological processes that will continue to take place in production, and so on.

How to properly install ventilation ducts

Most of the work in the installation of air conditioning and ventilation systems is the installation of ventilation ducts.

Industrial ventilation

And this is not strange, because they are located inside the entire building, if the room is used for industrial purposes, then this is also a large size, plus often it is necessary to carry out installation at a high height, and this greatly complicates the matter. As a result, it is necessary to resort to the help of special machines and equipment. Most often this mobile cranes, mobile mounting platforms, auto-hydraulic lifts and more.

The complexity of installation is influenced by many factors:

• The complexity of the designed system;
• Features of the building design;
• environmental conditions, etc.

To simplify the technological process of installing air ducts, units are made in advance, consisting of straight sections of ventilation pipes and fittings. After installing each node, you need to check the data that the technological map for the installation of ventilation carries.

Stages of installation of horizontal metal ventilation ducts

To qualitatively establish a network of ventilation ducts, you need to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

Fastening

The fasteners are installed first. This is done by welding them to embedded parts or using a special mounting gun. The places where lifting mechanisms will be located are outlined, scaffolding, towers and so on are being prepared. On inventory stands small parts assembled into knots, knots are made on the floor from large ventilation ducts. Clamps and other fasteners are installed.

When the intermediate preparation is over, the knots are trailed, guy ropes are tied at the ends of the knots.

Preparatory work completed, installation can begin. With the help of special lifting mechanisms the nodes are brought to the previously marked places and suspended from the mounts. It remains, using the flange, to attach part of the system to the previously mounted node.

There are other options for installing air ducts. The method is selected depending on their position in space, the characteristics of the industrial facility, environmental conditions, the location of the air ducts (inside or outside the building), and so on.

If the ventilation system includes air conditioning and air heating, then it should be designed in accordance with all paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, while foreseeing the possibility of breakdown and repair, and regulatory requirements.

Basic mounting positions

It is important to correctly position the ventilation ducts in relation to building structures. For this, special recommendations have been developed to properly fix the air ducts of the round and rectangular section. The main recommendations and dimensions are given below.

The axes of the ventilation pipes are placed parallel to the planes next to which they are mounted. It is necessary to correctly select the distance (accepted in millimeters) from the plane of the wall (ceiling, floor) to the axis of the pipe. If circular ducts are used: L=0.51Dmax+50, where Dmax is the largest diameter of the duct, including the insulator.

ventilation ducts

In the case of using channels with a rectangular cross section, the formula looks like this: L=0.5bmax+x, where bmax is the maximum width of the channel; x - the distance between the outer surface of the pipe and the wall must be at least 5 cm.

It is accepted that for pipes with a width of 10 to 40 cm x = 10 cm, 40 ... 80 cm x = 20 cm, 80 ... 150 cm x = 40 cm. The distance from the axis of the channel to the electrical wire is also important. Round air ducts: L=0.5Dmax+300. Rectangular section: L=0.5bmax+300.

If two ventilation branches run in parallel, then the following minimum distance between their axes is observed. Round section: L=0.5(Dmax+D’max)+250. Rectangular section: L=0.5(bmax+b’max)+x.

In the case when the ventilation pipes are fixed under the ceiling, it is also necessary to observe minimum distance before him. Round section: L=0.5Dmax+100. Rectangular: L=0.5bmax+x. If air ducts pass through building structures, then a distance of 10 centimeters should be observed.

Connecting air ducts

The network of ventilation ducts consists of separate small parts, which are interconnected using bandages, rails, slats, bell-shaped and other connections.

Air line details

To properly fix the ventilation pipes, use the working documentation and the relevant requirements. If flangeless connections are used in the process of fixing, then the following distances between them are adhered to:

• When using pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm, the distance should be no more than 4 meters;
• If the diameter is 400 mm or more, then the distance becomes up to 3 meters.

When installing air ducts in horizontal position with a circular section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular with a side of up to 2000 mm, the distance between the fasteners is taken to be no more than 6 meters.

If the pipes are installed in a vertical position, then the distance between the fasteners is up to 4 meters.

Installation design

Before installing the ventilation line, it is necessary to correctly make the installation design. It consists of several main steps.

Axonometric diagram

At the first stage, it draws axonometric diagram system, then the network of air channels is divided into separate parts. Next, you should choose a method for connecting small components to each other and to larger nodes. The places where the fasteners will be located in the future are determined. Sketches of non-standard parts are also made, where all the necessary dimensions for their manufacture are indicated. And at the end, documents for installation design are drawn up:

• Drawings of non-standard parts;
• Axonometric diagram;
• Packing lists.

Depending on the region where the installation of the ventilation system takes place, the kit will also depend required documents. But those three that were listed above will always be present.

Installation of air ducts at an industrial facility

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Typical flow chart for installation and
installation of internal ventilation systems and
air conditioning with supply and exhaust
installations and equipment systems
refrigeration supply

Typical routing
(TTK)

Project code: 1012/40

Explanatory note

2012

1. General data. 2 2. Organization and technology of the construction process. 2 2.1. Materials and production of air ducts. 2 2.2. Preparatory work.. 4 2.2.1. General provisions. four 2.2.2. Delivery, warehousing and storage of elements of ventilation and air conditioning systems. four 2.3. Works of the main period. Installation.. 8 2.3.1. Systems installation internal ventilation and conditioning. General provisions. eight 2.3.2. Installation of air ducts. 9 2.3.3. Fan installation. ten 2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems. eleven 2.4. Test and commissioning works.. 11 2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. eleven 2.4.2. Testing of refrigeration systems. 12 3. Requirements for the quality and acceptance of work. 12 3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts. 13 3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans. 16 3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners. eighteen 4. Safety requirements and labor protection, environmental and fire safety. eighteen 5. The need for material and technical resources. 22 6. Technical and economic indicators. 23

1. GENERAL DATA

This technological map has been developed for the installation and installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems with air handling units and equipment for refrigeration systems in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings.

The technological map is compiled taking into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Air ducts made of sheet steel roofing with a diameter and size larger side up to 2000 mm, it is necessary to produce:

Spiral lock or straight seam on folds;

Spiral welded or straight seam welding.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side dimension of more than 2000 mm should be made panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on folds, with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm - on folds or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct link by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or gouging.

Seams on air ducts for any metal thickness and manufacturing method must be cut-off.

The end sections of the seam seams at the ends of the air ducts and in the air distribution openings of the metal-plastic air ducts must be fixed with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating that ensures operation in aggressive environments specified by the working documentation.

Seam seams must have the same width along the entire length and be evenly tightly upset.

Seam ducts, as well as cutting charts, should not have cruciform seam joints.

On straight sections of air ducts of rectangular cross section with a side section of more than 400 mm, stiffness in the form of bends (ribs) with a step of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (ribs) should be structurally implemented. With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external stiffening frames, with a step of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fixed by spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

Stiffening frames must be installed on metal-plastic air ducts using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, which ensures operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other on ridges, folds, welding, rivets.

Elements of fittings made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other on folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or with an admixture of explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts in a flangeless way (nipple / sleeve), bandage connection or on flanges;

for rectangular ducts: rail (large/small) or flanged. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fixing the tire on the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the medium being moved), spot welding, pitting through 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

Fastening of flanges on air ducts should be carried out by flanging with a persistent ridge, by welding, by spot welding, by rivets with a diameter of 4–5 mm or by self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the conveyed medium), placed through 200–250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) should be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the inner surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement enterprise in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be completed with parts for their connection and fastening means.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Installation must be carried out by industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied as a set in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out at the construction readiness of the object (grip) in the amount of:

For industrial buildings- the whole building with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 and part of the building with a volume of more than 5000 m 3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another scheme for organizing installation is possible, depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts

The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey, industrial, public and etc.).

As fittings of complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. flexible ducts as straight links are not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in fig. 9 - 10.

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan mounting

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

Checking the operation of the fan.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control should be carried out in accordance with operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems

Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems should be carried out in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises or site for equipment;

Delivery of the unit or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the installation or its individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of equipment to the installation site;

Installation (assembly) of equipment on supporting structures (foundation, site);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of equipment;

Fixing the installation to the supporting structures;

Commissioning works

Checking the operation of the equipment.

2.4. Testing and commissioning

Upon completion of installation work, contractors must perform tests of internal systems. Tests should be carried out before the start of finishing work.

Commissioning works are carried out after the completion of construction and installation works, during the preparation and transfer of systems into operation. As a rule, they consist of individual tests and complex testing.

Comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems of a building (structure, etc.) is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the general contractor or, on his behalf, by the commissioning organization. The results of complex tests are drawn up in the form of an act.

2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems

The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is commissioning and commissioning of systems. Acceptance of works is carried out in the following sequence:

Examination of hidden works;

Individual testing of ventilation equipment (run-in);

Delivery for pre-launch testing and commissioning.

Air ducts and

ventilation equipment hidden in shafts, suspended ceilings, etc. The results of the acceptance of works hidden by subsequent works, in accordance with the requirements of the design and regulatory documentation, are documented in certificates of examination of hidden works.

Check for tightness of sections of air ducts hidden by building structures using the aerodynamic test method (if the requirements are specified in the detailed design); based on the results of the leak test, draw up a certificate of inspection of hidden works.

Individual tests of ventilation equipment (run-in) are carried out in order to check the operability of electric motors and the absence of mechanical defects in the rotating elements of the equipment. As a rule, running-in is carried out after installation of the equipment with a connected air duct network. In cases of installation of large-sized equipment in hard-to-reach places (roofs of buildings, basements, etc.), it is recommended to perform a run-in before the equipment is delivered to the installation site (at the production base or directly at the construction site).

When running equipment with a disconnected network, it is prohibited to turn on without creating artificial resistance (plug 3/4 of the suction hole).

The running-in of the ventilation equipment is carried out within 1 hour, or by checking the values ​​of the current of the motor operating in the operating mode.

The discrepancy between readings should not exceed 10% of the current values I n indicated on the engine.

In the absence of power supply to ventilation units and air conditioning according to a permanent scheme, connecting electricity according to a temporary scheme and checking the serviceability starting devices carried out by the general contractor.

Based on the results of testing (running in) of ventilation equipment, an act of individual testing of the equipment is drawn up (Appendix E, SP 73.13330.2012).

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems for design air flow rates, the following should be performed:

Check the compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems with the design documentation and the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012;

Testing fans when they are working in the network, checking the compliance with the actual specifications passport data, including: air flow and total pressure, rotational speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow and resistance of dust collecting devices;

Action check exhaust devices natural ventilation;

Testing and adjustment of the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local exhausts, for air exchange in rooms and determination of air leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for by the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - according to the air flow rate passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air overpressure (rarefaction) in the room is ensured;

Up to +8% - in terms of air consumption, removed through local exhausts and supplied through shower pipes.

For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Refrigeration system testing

Testing of water cooling systems should be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf / cm 2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of the construction organization or outsourced, equipped with technical means that provide the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

The quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, from the development of the project to its implementation at the facility on the basis of PPR and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

During the input control of working documentation, its completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work is checked.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, it is checked external inspection their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the availability and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and elevations. Connection of air ducts to process equipment should be carried out after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed in such a way that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards drainage devices.

Gaskets between busbars or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or solid rubber 4-5 mm thick, polymeric mastic bundle (PMZH) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials move with a temperature of up to 343 K (70 ° C) .

To seal flangeless duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the "Guerlain" type - for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature of up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Buteprol type mastic, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 °C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When mounting bolts vertically, the nuts should normally be on the underside of the connection.

Air ducts should be fixed in accordance with the working documentation.

Fixings for horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a shroud wafer connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round section with diameter up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection of a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

The distances between the fasteners of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional dimensions, as well as uninsulated air ducts of circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm, should be assigned by the working documentation.

The nipple (coupling) should be fastened with rivets 4-5 mm in diameter or self-tapping screws 4-5 mm in diameter every 150-200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

Clamps should tightly cover metal air ducts.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of the building should be determined by the working documentation.

Fastening of stretch marks and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical must not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Ducts must be supported so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, must be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, tightness and durability.

Vibration-isolating flexible connectors should be installed immediately before individual tests.

In the manufacture of straight sections of air ducts from a polymer film, air duct bends of no more than 15 ° are allowed.

To pass through the building envelope, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings must be 10% larger than the diameter of the duct. Steel rings should be fastened with a wire or plate with a cutout to a carrier cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and fixed to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To exclude longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Operational control chart for the installation of metal air ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fasteners, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette I= 10 m Plumb M = 200 g	Permanent 100%
	drilling depth	steel meter	Permanent 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly into enlarged units of parts of air ducts, control and air distribution devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the project. Tightness of connections		Visually. Permanent 100%
Rise to the design level and interconnection of enlarged air duct assemblies with preliminary fixing	The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures. Verticality of risers. Absence of kinks, curvature in straight sections of air ducts	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually Permanent 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fixing	Horizontal installation of air ducts and observance of slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. Density of coverage of the duct by clamps. Reliability and appearance of fasteners	Metal meter, tape measure I= 10 m, level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Output 100%. Visually

3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base, installed on foundations, must be fixed with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform draft. Vibration isolators do not need to be fixed to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. Elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must match the corresponding frame elements of the fan unit.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit snugly against the soundproofing pads.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the impeller diameter.

Shafts radial fans must be installed horizontally (shafts of roof fans - vertically), the vertical walls of centrifugal fan casings must not be skewed or tilted.

Gaskets for composite fan shrouds should be of the same material as the duct gaskets for this system.

The motors must be accurately aligned with the fans installed and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans with a belt drive must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must match. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

Motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact over the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The suction opening of the fan, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected metal mesh with a cell size of not more than 70 × 70 mm.

Table 2. Card of operational control of installation of centrifugal fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components		Constant 100%.
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal foundation, frames	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Installation of fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Pulley verticality, shaft horizontality	plumb line M= 200 g	Permanent 100%
Assembly of fans on the frame: installation of the fan frame installation of the lower part of the fan casing installation of the turbine with its frame fastened to the frame installation of the inlet pipe	Fastening strength. Gap between the edge of the front disc of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength		Visually. Permanent 100%
Installation of the upper part of the casing and connection on the flanges of the individual parts of the fan casing	Connection tightness		Visually. Permanent 100%
Adjustment and final mounting of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniformity of settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of fastening of vibration isolators to the frame		Visually. Permanent 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct position of the turbine wheel		Constant 100%. (when scrolling, the risks should not match)
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled	Parallelism of the sled. The strength of the fastening of the electric motor to the sled. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and motor shafts. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
			Visual, hand-tested
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt guard	The alignment of the grooves for the V-belts of the fan pulleys and the electric motor. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Permanent 100%
Connection of air ducts to the fan with installation of flexible connectors	Tightness of connections. No sag in flexible connectors		Visually. Permanent 100%

Table 3. Chart of operational control of installation of axial fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	Quality (lack of mechanical damage), completeness		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installing the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. vertical, horizontal	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually. Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller		Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of a fan complete with an electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (lack of mechanical damage)		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the levelness of the bowl support flange	Horizontal	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Connecting the self-opening damper to the fan	Ease of valve movement		Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested
Installing the fan housing on the glass with its fastening with anchor bolts	The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	plumb line M= 200 g	Constant 100%. Visual Test by hand
			Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation		Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner air heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material, with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners should be assembled on gaskets made of tape rubber 3-4 mm thick, supplied with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions and inclinations.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the "Closed" position, the tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other should be ensured.

The supports of the chamber blocks and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not allowed.

Mounting fan coil units, closers, split systems should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

Installation of ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements for safety, sanitation and occupational health established by building codes and rules on labor safety in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the heads of organizations are required to provide training and briefing on labor safety at the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent climbing work in accordance with the List of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age, persons (workers and engineering and technical workers) not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having at least one year of experience in climbing work and a tariff category of at least three.

Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instructions and knowledge of the rules of safe work with registration in a special magazine and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to work at heights.

Persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, trained in the rules for using the tool, labor safety and having an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with an electrified tool, and for connecting and disconnecting electric points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each copy of the tool must have an account number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repair of electrified tools is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of a construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (the absence of a short circuit to the case, the insulation of the supply wires and handles, the condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle.

Responsibility for the proper organization of safe work at the facility rests with the work foreman and foreman.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication to the territory of the construction site, to production, sanitary facilities and workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out on the basis of a work permit for the performance of work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a project for the production of works, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of these documents, installation work is prohibited.

The installation procedure determined by the project for the production of works must be such that the previous operation completely excludes the possibility of an industrial hazard when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and equipment parts of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There must be no people under the mounted elements. It is impossible to fix a suspended air duct or a block of air ducts to trusses, ceilings and other building structures in places not provided for by the project for the production of works.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

The alignment of the flange holes when connecting the air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the connected flanges with your fingers.

Hemp rope braces should be used to prevent swinging or twisting of the lifted duct units.

Work on the installation of ventilation ducts is allowed to be carried out only with a serviceable tool. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, have no beveled edges and no burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten the nuts with a wrench of large (compared to the head) sizes with a lining of metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and also extend the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night should be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures on workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs should be installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fasteners, for which the duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

Operation of construction machines (lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including Maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of manufacturers. The operation of hoisting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation of hoisting cranes."

Places for performing electric welding with an open arc must be fenced with fireproof screens, shields, etc.

In the production of electric welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work during rain or snowfall should be stopped.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding, a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard should be installed under the welding site in places where people pass.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, and also, regardless of the slope, on roofs that are wet and covered with hoarfrost or snow, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with transverse strips for foot rest; ladders during work must be fixed.

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Lifting loads manually should be in exceptional cases, observing the norms established by the current documents.

Containers should be used when loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts. During the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, workers should not be on it or inside it, as well as on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of goods should be carried out in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation blanks, equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger during the performance of work, passageways are not cramped and it would be possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. It is necessary to monitor the correct placement of equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m 2 of the floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks with a height of no more than 2.5 m on gaskets and linings. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on linings.

The storage area for blanks and ventilation equipment at the construction site must be fenced and located in the area of ​​the operating crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water runoff, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paintwork and other materials may be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift needs. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and driveways should be provided, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and handling facilities serving the warehouse or site.

Leaders assembly organizations are obliged to provide workers, engineering and technical workers and employees with overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineering and technical workers without protective helmets and other necessary personal protective equipment are not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

When working at heights, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees who receive personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict observance of labor safety requirements in accordance with:

Files flat square, trihedral, round, semicircular with a notch No. 1, 2, 3

Steel metalwork hammer

Shield of the welder

Mounting and traction mechanism

Rack jack

drilling machine

Electric grinder

electric wrench

Electric screwdriver

Electric perforator

Electric scissors

Mounting device for moving goods

Manual winch

Jack hydraulic

Riveting gun

Safety climbing device

6. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Technical and economic indicators are designed for the installation of air ducts.

The composition of the integrated team for the installation of air ducts, taking into account the possibility of combining professions, is given in Table 6.

Table 6 - Composition of the brigade

As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts with a size of 800 × 800 mm with an area of ​​100 m 2 using a manual winch.

The cost of labor and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts was calculated according to the "Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work" (shown in Table 7)

Unit of measure 100 m 2 ventilation ducts.

Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time

	Justification (ENiR and other norms)			Scope of work	Norm of time		labor costs
					workers, man-hours		workers, man-hours	machinist, man-h. (work of machines, mach.-h.)
	E9-1-46 No. 1a	Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures
	E1-2 Tab. 3 No. 1ab	Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts
	E10-5 Tab. 12 No. 4v	Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, installation of fasteners, lifting and installation of blocks, connection of an installed block with a previously mounted one, alignment and final fixing of the system
	E10-13 Tab. 2g Applicable	Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts

The duration of work for the installation of ventilation ducts is determined by the work schedule presented in Table 8.

Technical and economic indicators are:

Table 8 - Work Schedule

Name of technological processes

Scope of work

labor costs

Accepted line-up

Process duration, h

Work shifts

workers, people-h.

driver, man-hour, (work of machines, machine-hour)

Working hours

Drilling holes in building structures

Ventilation system installer

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts

Loader driver

rigger

Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, lifting and installation of blocks, alignment and final fixing of the system

Ventilation system installers

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts

Ventilation system installers

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution

higher professional education

Samara State Architectural and

construction university

Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation

Technological maps for the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Guidelines

to course and diploma design

Approved by the editorial and publishing

university council

Samara 2011

UDC 697.912 (035.5)

Compiled by: Yu.I. Kasyanov, G.I. Titov, E.B. Filatov

Technological maps for the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems: guidelines for course and diploma design. - Samarsk. state arch.-build. un-t. - Samara, 2011. - 61 p.

These guidelines are intended for students of the 5th year of the day and the 6th year distance learning direction "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" specialty 27.01.09-65 "Heat and gas supply and ventilation" to complete the course project in the discipline "Organization of construction production" and the same section of the graduation project.

The guidelines were developed in accordance with the educational and methodological complex of the higher school and include general rules for conducting installation work, the composition and procedure for developing technological maps, as well as standard technological maps for the main processes of installing ventilation and air conditioning systems.

These guidelines cannot be completely

or partially reproduced, replicated (including photocopied)

and distributed without permission

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Editor

Technical editor

Corrector

Signed for print

Format 6084. Offset paper. The print is operational.

Uch.-ed. l. Conv. oven l. Circulation 100 copies. Order No.

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

443001 Samara, st. Molodogvardeyskaya, 194.

Printed in a printing house

© Samara State

architectural and construction

university, 2011

Rules for conducting installation and assembly work at the facility

The installation process can be divided into the following main stages:

development of installation drawings, projects for the production of works, technological maps;

preparation of production in the assembly organization;

execution of assembly units and parts at a procurement enterprise and acquisition of the necessary materials and equipment;

preparation of the construction site for the smooth and quick implementation of installation work;

production of installation and assembly work at the facilities;

testing, adjustment and commissioning of installed systems and devices.

The execution of work in this sequence ensures the rhythm and economic efficiency of the assembly production. Preparation of production in the installation organization and preparation of the object itself for installation can and should be carried out in parallel and simultaneously.

Currently, installation of systems at facilities is carried out mainly from enlarged units coming from procurement enterprises. However, if blanks are delivered to objects in the form of separate elements, then the installation should begin with the assembly of these elements into enlarged units and blocks at the object itself. Modern equipment of installation organizations with truck cranes, auto-hydraulic hoists, various drive and manual winches allows to operate with assembly units of large mass.

Thus, there are four basic rules for organizing the installation of internal sanitary systems.

First rule - installation is carried out in three steps: pre-assembly, installation in the design position and connection of field joints, not counting the installation of fasteners by a specialized team.

Second rule - the order of execution of work must be carried out in a solid sequence, due to considerations of building technology.

Third rule - installation of pipelines, air ducts and equipment must be carried out on pre-installed means of fastening. Advance installation of brackets, hangers, clamps, etc. ensures that the slopes of the system elements provided for by the project are either strictly horizontal or vertical.

Fourth rule – maximum mechanization of all types of work. This leads to a reduction in the timing of installation and assembly work and a decrease in their labor intensity.

Most of the assembly operations are carried out manually, so special attention should be paid to the mechanization of auxiliary work. This group of works includes the delivery of blanks and equipment inside the facility or to the sites to the places of their final placement. In this case manufacturing process installation can be accelerated by the maximum combination of transport operations with the installation of equipment (especially heavy) in the design position, i.e. with rigging. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for complex mechanization of operations using several successively operating mechanisms (for example, vertical lifting - a truck crane, horizontal movement - trolleys or rollers in combination with winches, straightening - hoists or jacks).

To reduce labor costs in assembly work, small-scale mechanization tools should be widely used: electric wrenches, drilling machines, etc. These tools and devices are included in sets for assembly teams.

In addition, it should be emphasized that when organizing and carrying out the installation of various systems, including ventilation and air conditioning systems, work must be carried out safely. This implies the arrangement of good lighting for workplaces, the presence of fences if installation is carried out at a height, the use of serviceable tools, mechanisms, construction machines, which must correspond to the nature of the construction process being performed, as well as the use of individual means of ensuring labor safety.