STO-GK "Transstroy" -019-2007

ORGANIZATION STANDARD

Sheet piling type "Larsen". Application in transport construction

Introduction date 2007-04-10

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Regional Public Organization "Scientific and Technical Association of Scientists and Specialists of Transport Construction", OJSC "Research Institute of Transport Construction (OJSC TsNIIS)" (candidates of technical sciences N.A. Efremov, L.N. Losev, engineers D.M. Dolganov, M.B. Smirnov, R.V. Stupnikov) commissioned by Transstroy Group of Companies LLC.

2 INTRODUCED by the Technology Development and Standardization Department of Transstroy Group of Companies LLC

3 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT LLC "Group of companies "Transstroy" by order of April 09, 2007 N GK / PN-15.

4 AGREED BY JSC LenmorNIIproekt (out. N OGS dated February 13, 2007), Association Hydroproject (out. N 3.2.4-20/284 dated 28.12.2006), JSC SoyuzmorNIIproekt (out. N 8/17 dated 11.01.2007), "Podvodrechstroy-4" of the Federal Agency for Sea and River Transport of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (ref. N 264 dated 12.28.2006), OJSC "Transmost" (ref. N 09 / 10-125 dated January 31, 2007), by the Department of Capital Construction of Russian Railways (ref. N TsUKSi-20/643 dated March 15, 2007)

5 The development of an organization standard is provided for by Article 13 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" dated December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ.

6 This standard was developed in accordance with STO-GK "Transstroy" -002-2006 "Rules for the construction, presentation and designation in the development of standards for the organization of the Transstroy Group of Companies".

7 This standard uses TU 14-102-8-03*, LARSSEN profiles from HOESCH (Germany) and ESP VL from NIPON STEEL (Japan).
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* Specifications mentioned hereinafter are not given. See the link for more information. - Database manufacturer's note.

8 REGISTERED BY FSUE "Standartinform" on 11.04.2007 N 200/103119 and OOO "Group of companies "Transstroy" on 24.04.2007 N GK/ 218.

9 HOLDER OF THE ORIGINAL - Transstroy Group of Companies LLC

10 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

1 area of use

This standard applies to the construction of capital and temporary transport facilities for various purposes from the sheet pile of the "Larsen" type according to TU 14-102-8-03 "Pile L5-U. Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant (NTKM)".

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards and normative documents:

GOST 380-94 Carbon steel ordinary quality. Marks.

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications.

GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Specifications.

GOST 7566-94 Steel products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage.

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic factors external environment.

GOST 25100-95 Soils. Classification.

GOST 12.3.009-76 SSBT Loading and unloading works. General requirements security.

GOST 17.1.3.13-86 Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General security requirements surface water from pollution.

GOST 17.4.3.02-85 Nature protection. Soils. Requirements for the protection of the fertile soil layer in the production of earthworks.

GOST 17.5.3.04-83 Nature protection. Earth. General requirements for land reclamation.

GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Nature protection. Earth. Requirements for determining the norms for the removal of the fertile soil layer in the production of earthworks.

GOST 6996-66 Welded joints. Methods for determining mechanical properties.

SNiP II-23-81 Steel structures.

SNiP 2.02.03-85 Pile foundations.

SNiP 3.01.04-87 Acceptance for operation of completed construction projects. Basic provisions.

SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, bases and foundations.

SNiP 3.04.03-85 Protection building structures and structures from corrosion.

SNiP 3.07.02-87 Hydraulic marine and river transport facilities.

SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction.

SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

SP 53-101-98 Manufacture and quality control of steel building structures.

VSN 34-91 Rules for the production and acceptance of work on the construction of new, reconstruction and expansion of existing hydrotechnical marine and river transport facilities.

TU 14-102-8-03 Sheet pile L5-U. Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works (NTKM).

When using this standard, it is advisable to check the operation of reference standards and classifiers in the information system common use- on the official website of the national authority Russian Federation according to standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards".

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 anchor support: A support made of metal rods located in a soil mass, fastening and holding soils from collapse.

3.2 anchor pile (plate): A pile (slab) fixed in a soil massif and serving to hold a sheet pile wall and anchor lining.

3.3 bolter: The sheet pile wall of a sea or river berthing structure in the form of driven sheet piles connected on top with a special design.

3.4 vibrator: Vibro-impact construction machine for driving sheet piles into the soil massif.

3.5 soil array: An array of soil that provides the overall stability of the sheet pile wall according to the scheme of deep shear and rotational movement.

3.6 anchored sheet pile wall: Wall made of sheet piles equipped with one or more tiers of anchor support.

3.7 unanchored sheet pile wall: Sheet pile wall without anchoring.

3.8 pile hammer: Impact construction machine for driving sheet piles into the ground.

3.9 sheet pile work: Aggregate technological operations(works) performed with sheet piles during the construction of a sheet pile wall.

3.10 sheet pile (sheet pile): Separate sheet pile wall mounting element, steel sheet pile type "Larsen".

3.11 sheet pile wall: Solid thin vertical or inclined wall of sheet piles driven into the ground (sheet piling); designed to absorb mainly horizontal loads and, above all, the pressure of the soil behind it.

3.12 PIC: Construction organization project.

3.13 PPR: Project of work production.

4 Classification (Basic parameters and dimensions)

4.1 A wall made of steel sheet piles of the "Larsen" type with anchor fastening (Figure 1) is designed to hold the soil mass from shear or rotational movement. The wall consists of a tongue-and-groove of the "Larsen" type, a "cap" or wheel breaker beam, a distribution beam, anchor rods and anchor piles.

Figure 1 - Sheet pile wall from "Larsen" sheet pile with anchor fastening

1 - soil mass; 2 - tongue type "Larsen"; 3 - cap beam; 4 - distribution beam; 5 - anchor rod; 6 - anchor pile

4.2 The anchored wall of the "Larsen" sheet pile is equipped with anchor devices that prevent the movement of the upper end of the sheet pile. An anchored wall structure may have one or more tiers of anchors.

The depth of driving and the section of the sheet pile, the design of the anchor lining, anchor piles and the number of tiers of anchors are taken in accordance with the project.

The most common walls are made of sheet piles of the "Larsen" type with one tier of anchors, erected at a watercourse depth of 5-14 m.

4.3 An anchorless wall (Figure 2) has more simple design. The wall consists of a row of sheet piles hammered into the ground, the top of which is united by a capped timber.

The free height of the anchorless wall and the depth of pile driving are determined by calculations, in accordance with the requirements of the project. Under ordinary conditions, the free height of the anchorless wall does not exceed 6.5 m.

Figure 2 - Sheet pile wall of "Larsen" type sheet pile

1 - soil mass; 2 - tongue type "Larsen"; 3 - cap beam

4.4 Sheet piles are made from 6 to 24 m long. For the production of sheet piles, carbon steel with a yield strength of up to 420 MPa and normalized impact strength at a temperature of minus 40 ° C is used.

4.5 Sheet pile is manufactured at the Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works.

4.6 The assortment and characteristics of the "Larsen" sheet pile and sheet pile walls are given in Appendix A.

4.7 Domestic sheet pile walls made of hot-rolled trough sheet piling of the "Larsen" type are not inferior to similar foreign profiles "LARSSEN" of the company "HOESCH" (Germany) and "ESP VL" of the company "NIPON STEEL" (Japan), which is confirmed by the results of a comparative analysis, given in Appendix B of this Standard.

4.8 Comparative characteristics of sheet pile walls of "Larsen" type sheet pile are given in Appendix B.

5 Transportation and storage of sheet piles, anchor rods and piles

5.1 Larsen-type sheet piling, anchor rods and piles can be transported by all types of transport in accordance with the transportation rules applicable to the specific type of transport.

5.2 Within the water area, the "Larsen" sheet pile, anchor piles and rods should be transported on deck barges, pontoons having the necessary buoyancy and stability, checked by the calculation for the perception of concentrated loads from the mass of the sheet pile. It is allowed to transport sheet piling on the deck of floating cranes for a distance of up to 4 km in a water area protected from waves.

5.3 Transportation and storage of "Larsen" sheet pile, anchor rods and piles in terms of exposure to environmental climatic factors must comply with the requirements of GOST 15150-69. It is allowed to store sheet piles, anchor piles and rods in the open air.

5.4 "Larsen" sheet piles may be stored in piles, the height of which excludes residual deformations of structures.

5.5 When storing, loading, transporting and unloading "Larsen" sheet piles, anchor rods and piles, linings and slinging devices should be used to prevent permanent deformation and damage to the locks and ensure the preservation of their shape.

5.6 When storing sheet piles of the "Larsen" type, anchor rods and piles, good visibility of the marking of structures should be ensured. At the request of the customer, the following types of marking can be applied:

- color markings in the head of each sheet pile, defining the profile, length and steel grade;

- stickers containing the customer's name, destination, order number, profile type and length.

5.7 The dimensions of passages and driveways in the place of storage of structures between stacks or individual structures must comply with the requirements of building codes.

6 Acceptance, preparation and storage of "Larsen" sheet piling, anchor rods and piles

6 Acceptance, preparation and storage of "Larsen" sheet piles, anchor rods and piles

6.1 Each batch of Larsen sheet pile, anchor rods and piles received at the construction site must be accompanied by documentation (passport) in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-01-04, VSN 34-91, GOST 7566-94, TU and have certificates of conformity, meeting the requirements of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" (N 184-FZ, Chapter 4).

6.2 The document (passport) on the quality of the Larsen sheet pile, anchor rods and piles must contain:

- name of the manufacturer, its address and trademark;

- designation of sheet piling, anchor piles and rods;

- number of the passport and the date of its compilation, information about the steel grade of sheet piles, anchor rods and piles;

- product parameters;

- type of anti-corrosion coating and its characteristics;

- the number of delivered products;

- a passport signed by the head of the QCD or other responsible representative of the manufacturer;

Attached to the quality document:

- executive drawings of shipped products;

- a list of documents on the quality of materials used for the manufacture of products;

- copies or numbers of diplomas (certificates) on the qualifications of gas cutters and welders who manufactured the products;

- a list of results of quality control of welded joints in products.

6.3 Sheet piles and anchor rods are allowed for acceptance if their dimensions and shapes of profiles differ from the design ones within the limits specified in the relevant specifications and regulatory documents.

6.4 The protective anti-corrosion coating of the anchor rods and anchor piles should have no more than two delaminations with a surface area of up to 20 cm per 1 m. Deviations in the thickness of the protective coating should not exceed ± 10%. When checking the quality of protective coatings, documents are considered that characterize the constituent components in relation to compliance with their shelf life.

6.5 For electric welding of sheet piles, anchor rods and piles at the construction site, welding materials should be used in accordance with the requirements of the project and SNiP II-23-81.

6.6 Welded joints must be made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 5264-80 and GOST 14771-76.

6.7 Welding joints of the "Larsen" sheet pile are performed in accordance with the project from the condition of ensuring equal strength of the butt joint to the main section. Welding joints of adjacent sheet piles are allowed to be no closer than 2 m from one another, while the stresses in this section should not exceed 50% of the calculated ones.

6.8 Before immersion on all sheet piles, check the geometric dimensions of the interlocks, the straightness of the shape and the possibility of mutual unhindered passage of adjacent interlocks.

6.9 It is recommended to check the geometrical dimensions of the tongue and groove locks on the bench and using templates no less than 2 m long. The detected defects of the "Larsen" type tongue locks (bends, dents) must be corrected by mechanical straightening. For one sheet pile, it is allowed to replace one defect of the lock in a section no longer than 0.5 m.

6.10 On each sheet pile, a serial number must be applied with indelible paint, the length and depth of immersion of the pile into the ground according to the project are indicated.

6.11 Larsen sheet piling is normally supplied without mounting holes. If necessary, sheet piles can be provided with mounting holes along the center line of the pile. Mounting hole of a sheet pile type "Larsen" standard size has a diameter of 50 mm and is made 250 mm from the end on the longitudinal axis of the trough profile.

6.12 All lifting and transport operations must be performed in accordance with the requirements of the PPR, taking precautions against damage to the anti-corrosion coating, locks and the occurrence of other defects in structural elements.

Translation of sheet pile wall elements from horizontal position vertical must be carried out using traverses.

6.13 Places for storing the stock of elements must be chosen as close as possible to the headframes or cranes. Elements should be shifted into stacks in such a way as not to overturn during slinging.

Places for storing sheet pile wall elements should be convenient for the passage of cranes and vehicles and for loading and unloading operations.

7 Preparatory work

7.1 Structures using the Larsen type sheet pile should be erected in accordance with the requirements of the working documentation, SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP 12-01-04, VSN 34-91, POS, PPR, as well as this standard of the organization. All deviations from the project documentation must be preliminarily agreed with the design organization.

7.2 Immersion of a sheet pile of the "Larsen" type must be preceded by the execution and acceptance of the following works under the act:

- checking the availability of a set of design and estimate documentation at the facility; familiarization of engineers and workers with design documentation for the construction of a sheet piling wall and PPR;

- laying out and fixing the main axes of the structure, moving a high-altitude benchmark into the work area, creating a construction network, fixing the boundaries in nature construction site;

- acceptance ( input control- sheet piling type "Larsen" and other elements of the sheet pile wall and their corresponding preparation for immersion;

- preparation and testing of mechanisms and machines (hoisting equipment, hammers, vibrators) and auxiliary devices (templates, guides, conductors) intended for use in the construction of a sheet pile wall;

- depth measurements at the construction of a berthing facility in the area of sheet pile wall construction in order to check the compliance of the underwater slope with the project and clarify the scope of work on backfilling the behind-the-wall space. In the event of a significant deviation of the actual slope profile from the design one, it is necessary to bring it to the design position by additional development or topping up the soil;

- preparation of the soil base (removal and storage of the vegetation layer), examination (including by geophysical methods, etc.) of the soil massif for the presence of stones and boulders in the alignment of the sheet piling and anchor piles (if they are accepted in the design documentation in the form of steel pipes );

- diving inspection of the bottom of the water area near the berth in order to identify and remove objects that may prevent the immersion of sheet piles and anchor piles;

- arrangement in accordance with the PPR of access roads, storage areas, power lines, outdoor lighting of the construction site, service and amenity premises and a rescue post.

7.3 When building a sheet pile wall in marine conditions, on a river or other water body, the bottom of the water area is examined by divers or by other methods: underwater television installations and similar equipment. If any objects are found that prevent the sheet pile from sinking into the ground, measures are taken to eliminate these obstacles.

7.4 Trial immersion and extraction of the Larsen sheet pile (if it is provided for in the project) is carried out according to the program drawn up by the design organization in order to develop the technology for the production of work, clarify the design of the slinging device, conductors, templates, the operating mode of the main and auxiliary equipment, determine the length and bearing capacity piles type "Larsen".

8 Selection of sheet piling and anchor pile driving equipment

8.1 The method of driving "Larsen" sheet piles and the equipment used must comply with the decisions of the POS, PPR and design documentation for this structure and the instructions of this Standard. Submersible equipment should be selected based on the accepted method of work, design documentation, local technological and natural conditions of this section of the Standard.

8.2 A set of equipment for the construction of a sheet pile wall is selected based on the results of the analysis of the initial data, the main of which are:

- the purpose of the sheet pile wall, the requirements for ensuring its safety, temporary and operational loads;

- engineering and geological conditions at the construction site;

- characteristics of sheet piles of the "Larsen" type, including length, cross-sectional area;

- hydrometeorological conditions (water depth, current speed, water level fluctuations, wind rose, protection of the water area from waves);

- local technical conditions (availability of equipment, electricity, transport routes, etc.);

- the accepted technology for the production of works (the sequence of sheet pile driving, the time of work, etc.).

8.3 When erecting structures containing sheet pile walls, the sheet pile of the "Larsen" type is immersed in the ground with hammers or vibrators. Also allowed combined scheme plunging the sheet pile into the soil massif (vibration plunging with hammer finishing).

8.4 The type of hammer for driving sheet piles of the "Larsen" type and anchor piles should be selected in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 3.02.01-87 (Appendix 5) and Appendix B of this Standard.

The type of vibratory driver for driving "Larsen" sheet piles and anchor piles should be selected in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 3.02.01-87 (Appendix 6) and Appendix D of this Standard.

8.5 The criterion for the correct choice of the driving mechanism is the successful trial driving of at least three "Larsen" type sheet piles in the most characteristic points of the construction site.

8.6 In case of severe driving conditions for Larsen-type sheet piles and anchor piles (failure when driving less than 0.2 cm or vibration penetration rate less than 2 cm/min), it is necessary to take additional measures to facilitate the driving of the sheet pile, including washing the sheet piles, ground cut.

9 Driving and retrieving sheet piles and anchor piles

9.1 When constructing a sheet pile wall of a structure, a sheet pile of the "Larsen" type should be loaded using a guide device, the design of which is developed depending on the type of structure, local conditions, POS and PPR.

It is recommended to use a device (Figure 3) in the form of two parallel beams spaced at a distance (Appendix A) plus a gap of no more than 0.01-0.02 m as a guide when constructing a sheet pile wall. The guide beams are made of profile steel and are bolted to already hammered sheet piles, and in front - to temporary vertical piles or special adjustable supports.

Figure 3 - Inventory scaffolding-conductor for driving sheet piles of the "Larsen" type

1 - guide pins; 2 - lighthouse piles; 3 - clogged pile type "Larsen", 4 - wooden fuses; 5 - wooden scaffolding, 6 - railing; 7 - fastening guides

Figure 4 - Device for protecting anchor rods and sheet piles and a guide screen for backfilling a stone prism

1 - tongue type "Larsen"; 2 - distribution belt; 3 - anchor traction; 4 - protective structure; 5 - guide screen; 6 - wooden nozzles; 7 - anchor pile

Floating guides, as a rule, are fixed on at least four cool piles. The value of their limiting movement should not exceed 0.02 m.

If the length of a sheet pile of the "Larsen" type during driving exceeds twice the distance from the bottom of the water area to the guides, they are arranged in two or more tiers. The distance between tiers is taken at least 3 m.

To ensure the preservation of the anti-corrosion coating, each sheet pile must be equipped with adjustable rubber-coated rollers during immersion.

9.2 Sheet piles of the Larsen type are usually loaded with grips. The grip length depends on the performance of the equipment and hydrological conditions at the construction site and is determined in the project documentation.

9.3 When driving the first sheet and anchor pile, Special attention pay attention to the observance of verticality or a given inclination. The correctness of sheet pile and anchor pile driving is controlled in two planes and subsequently the control is repeated at least through every second sheet pile or anchor pile.

9.4 If there are weak soils in the soil massif and at the base of the sheet pile wall, it is possible for the previously driven sheet pile to go below the design mark. To prevent this phenomenon, sheet piles sunk to design marks are recommended to be combined by welding.

9.5 More powerful sheet pile driving equipment or additional tools such as flushing should be used if the sheet pile does not reach the design mark. In this case, preference should be given to a hammer with a heavier impact part.

9.6 When driving a sheet pile and an anchor pile with a vibrator, it is necessary to ensure a rigid and permanent connection between the sheet pile and the vibrator. For driving Larsen sheet piles, vibratory drivers with hydraulic caps should be preferred.

9.7 In the process of vibratory driving of the sheet pile, the position of the rope and the crane hook on which the vibratory driver is suspended should be monitored.

When working with a vibratory driver equipped with a shock absorber, the crane hook lowering speed must prevent the vibrator from hanging.

When operating a vibratory driver without a shock absorber, the speed of the crane's descent must not cause a brake on the sheet pile driving.

9.8 When driving sheet piles of the "Larsen" type with a vibrator equipped with a shock absorber, underfeeding of the sheet piles can be eliminated by raising the sheet pile by 0.5-1 m once or twice and then immersing.

If underdipping is caused by the sheet pile meeting with an obstacle, the immersion process should be stopped and the issue resolved jointly with a representative of the design organization.

9.9 When performing work on driving "Larsen" type sheet piles and driving anchor piles, a record of driving sheet and anchor piles should be kept. According to the log, a summary sheet of sheet piling is compiled. The journal should be accompanied by planned and profile schemes design and actual position of sheet piling and anchor piles.

9.10 Shearing of sheet piles may be carried out only with the permission of the representative of architectural supervision and (or) the customer, about which an appropriate entry must be made in the work log.

9.11 Driving of sheet piles and anchor piles with hammers and their immersion with vibratory drivers should be carried out using special caps in the form of distribution plates, equipped in the upper part with an annular cage for placing a shock absorber in it, and in the lower part with a system of protrusions for fixing the head of the sheet pile and determining the position regarding the hammer.

The cap is designed to evenly redistribute the load on the sheet pile when hit by a hammer and to mitigate the impact impulse.

9.12 The planned dimensions of the cap plate and its lower surface must ensure close contact with the end surface of the tongue over the entire area.

9.13 The shock absorber is made from a solid bar of a tree trunk, from rubber, or dialed in height from individual elements square section.

Estimated service life of the shock absorber hard rock wood - up to 8000 strokes, and up to 5000 strokes when it is made from pine.

9.14 The minimum failure of the sheet pile and anchor pile during driving should be 0.2 cm, but not less than that given in the passport of the hammer manufacturer and in the instructions for its operation.

9.15 Washing facilitates the driving of sheet piles and anchor piles to the design marks. This method is allowed for use at the construction site if the distance between the sheet pile wall and the existing structures is at least twice the depth of the sheet piles.

9.16 The use of flushing is most effective in combination with vibratory driving of sheet piles. Washing parameters should be determined on the basis of appropriate hydraulic calculations, taking into account the rate of soil erosion and water consumption for its hydrotransport.

9.17 To extract sheet piles of the Larsen type, it is recommended to use cranes with a lifting capacity of 500 kN or more, cranes equipped with vibratory loaders, impact sheet pilers, double-acting hammers.

A combined method of pulling out sheet piles of the "Larsen" type in combination with jetting is also recommended.

9.18 Soil resistance when pulling out "Larsen" type sheet piles is composed of resistance in interlocks, sheet pile weight and friction on the lateral surface and in interlocks.

The efficiency of sheet pile pulling out increases with preliminary wetting of the soil mass at the work site.

10 Drainage and drainage

10.1 To improve the reliability of work at the stages of construction and operation of sheet pile walls, a set of measures should be taken to organize the removal of surface and ground water from the construction site.
automatically updated

*We never have low-quality projects of pile foundations. We fully monitor and execute all design solutions. Our work fully complies with the requirements of the code of design and construction rules, as well as the rules for designing foundations.

Cost of work

Works (services)	Dynamic driving (immersion) of a single pile	Static indentation (immersion) of a single pile	Pile dynamic load tests (one test)	Static load testing of piles (one test)	Relocation of construction equipment	sheet piling pits	The device of bored piles
unit	running meters	running meters	1 unit	1 unit	1 unit
cost (RUB) including VAT*	from 260	from 600	10 000	65 000	from 90 000	negotiable	negotiable

Larsen sheet pile driving method

Pile driving. It is produced when working outside the city or in the city at a sufficient distance from residential buildings.

For work, pile drivers are used, usually self-propelled installations with any type of percussion mechanisms: diesel hammers, hydraulic, mechanical, steam-air, electric shock, vibro-impact, etc.

This method is the cheapest, fastest, but at the same time the noisiest. Shock waves in the ground do not allow it to be used near valuable buildings, directly near residential buildings and underground structures - communication channels, sewer pipelines, etc.

You can rent any of our pile drivers from us. We will agree on the price of operation on your construction site with you.

Larsen sheet piling video

Other methods of plunging the Larsen sheet pile

From multiple immersion methods sheet piles Larsen, used quite often, the most modern ways- this is vibration immersion, indentation and clogging.

1. Vibration immersion- the most productive, fastest and sometimes uncontested way.

It will be the only one only on sandy soils saturated and oversaturated with water.

For it are used: submersible vibration installations, which are either hung on a conventional crane or excavator, or are part of a special self-propelled vibro-loading machine. Most often, this is one of the varieties pile drivers.

In this method, a sheet pile is installed vertically by a crane, fixing the slings to special mounting holes, which are made at the factory at a distance of 0.5 m from each end of the sheet pile. By special order of the consumer, holes of a special shape can be made at the ends for attaching the vibrator.

Having installed the vibrator and, controlling the verticality of the sheet pile, the first sheet pile is driven to the depth specified by the sheet pile structure design. The second sheet pile is inserted into the lock first and the vibrator is turned on. Similarly, the remaining elements of the sheet pile wall are immersed.

In a vibrational way, not only Larsen sheet piles are immersed, but also steel pipes almost any diameter, I-beams, rails, reinforced concrete piles and other metal products.

Of those listed in the article, the vibration method has the highest cost.

2.Indentation dip. It is used on construction sites within the city or other settlement. The unconditional use of this method is necessary in conditions of dense or historically valuable development, when even vibrations, not to mention shocks, can cause irreparable damage to historical buildings or structures.

Sometimes the term "indentation" is replaced by "crushing".

For indentation, a static force is used, which is created by a pile-pressing installation (SVU). It consists of a press based on a hydraulic mechanism, which clamps the upper end of the sheet pile and plunges it into the soil. The movement of IEDs across the territory of the future pile field is carried out on caterpillars or wide wheels. Installations with a large indentation force have a large dead weight, so their movement is provided by a "walking" mechanism.

IEDs are used without creating leader wells, i.e. without drilling a sheet pile well.

The sheet pile wall is arranged with single sheet piles or interlocked in several pieces.

What dowels are there?

When building foundations in pits dug on loose, and especially on flooded soils, or to strengthen the shores of seas, rivers, canals, etc., protective walls are built from a special metal profile, which is called "Larsen sheet pile". The properties of a protective wall made of sheet piles, under certain conditions, are such that impervious walls are erected from any variety of Larsen sheet piles that do not allow water to pass through.

Sheet piling profiles are made of carbon steel by hot rolling. The main regulatory document for production - GOST 4781-85, which specifies the main technical requirements to hot rolled steel profiles used as sheet piles. In addition to protective walls, these products can be used for the construction of cellular structures, for example, formwork for building concrete support road or railway bridge, masts, etc.

The tongue has trough-shaped, Z-shaped and/or flat shapes. It got its name - "Larsen sheet pile" at the beginning of the 20th century in Germany by the name of its inventor - Bremen (Germany) chief city state engineer Tryggve Larsen. In 1902, he proposed to connect U-shaped sheet piles to the wall using rivets. Later - in 1914 he improved the connection - on the sides he began to make locks, with the help of which sheet pile profiles are still connected to each other. The connection can be made before the sheet piles are immersed, or the sheet pile to be driven can be connected to the sheet pile already sunk.

Larsen sheet piles are marked as follows:

Sheet pile Larsen L5-UM.

In addition to GOST, Larsen sheet piles are produced according to TU (technical specifications of manufacturing plants):

TU 12-2-879-89 - piles of the Larsen type;

TU 14-102-147-93 - Larsen sheet pile L2-U, section of the trough type;

TU 14-102-8-2010.

For more than 100 years, the design of locks (tongues) has been significantly improved.

Now sheet piles of various sections are being produced: flat, S-, L-, U-, Z-, Ʊ-shaped, etc. These sheet piles have quite different specifications that will help you achieve your goals.

In our company you can order design pile foundation or sheet piling according to SNiP 2.02.03-85, as well as

Larsen sheet piling has been used in industrial construction for over a hundred years. A compact profile with rounded edges in the form of a gutter is a metal pile for strengthening a variety of building structures that are many times larger than it. Sheet piles are securely connected with locks, providing tightness, and corrosion resistance and strength make them an indispensable element in construction.

Used for driving tongues various technologies, such as:

The choice of a specific technology is determined by the geophysical features and location of the construction site.

Sheet pile driving technologies

Vibration and vibroimpact methods

Sheet piling by such methods is produced on sandy and soft soils using vibratory pile drivers (electromechanical vibration action machines).

The fencing of the pit by vibration methods of driving is most effective on water-saturated non-cohesive soils. A more universal vibroimpact method of immersion is carried out using vibrohammers, depending on the type of drive, they are with an internal combustion engine, pneumatic, electric, hydraulic.

Indentation and vibration indentation

Installations that act on a pile with mass or simultaneously with mass and vibration usually consist of two mechanisms that are equipped with a base plate, a cap, a guide frame that transmit pressure and an indenting chain hoist. The advantage of this method is the ease of installation on the construction site, and the disadvantage is low maneuverability and, consequently, low productivity.

More effective is the method of vibration indentation of sheet piles. The impact of the vibratory driver and the winch of the unit leads to the immersion of the Larsen sheet pile due to the mass of the vibratory driver, its own weight, the mass of the tractor, which is transferred to the pile by a pressing rope. At the same time, the sheet pile is subjected to vibration from a low-frequency plunger with a sprung plate.

See also:

Driving sheet piles by screwing

This method is most effective for creating foundations for power line masts, it is carried out using mechanisms equipped with four outriggers (outriggers), a rotation and tilt drive, a hydraulic system, a control panel and auxiliary equipment.

These machines are pulling screw pile together with the inventory metal shell inside and immerse it in the ground at a given angle. The rotation during the dive is combined with an axial force.

Underwater immersion technology

Before the start of immersion, the soil is loosened and partly washed out by jets of water from the pipes fixed on the sheet pile. In this case, the soil resistance decreases at the tip of the pile, and the steel sheet pile is washed away by water. If necessary, the jet pipes are located on the side or in the center; if they are located on the side, they can be deformed or filled with soil.

With this technology, it is important to control the uniformity of erosion so that the sheet piles do not deviate from the design position. Water is supplied to the tubes under pressure from 0.5 MPa. This technology is not applicable when there is a threat of subsidence of buildings located nearby.

Regulations

Like all other construction processes, sheet pile driving is carried out in full accordance with normative documents, which describe the basic rules for the conduct and acceptance of work. The organization of the sheet piling process must necessarily be described in technological map and PPR - a project for the production of works, which is detailed in SNiP 3.01.01 - 85 and supporting guide to this document.

A significant number of reference books, regulations and laws are presented on the portal " Help according to GOSTs"(site gosthelp ru).

Most wanted when making a budget, project documentation, logging are:

SNiP 3.02.01 - 87 and SP 45.13 330-2012"Earth structures, foundations and grounds"
SP 50.101-2004"Design and installation of foundations and foundations of buildings and structures" and other documents

It should be noted that the production of Larsen sheet piling and sheet piling must be carried out in full compliance with GOST R 53 629-2009, which indicates all standards, material parameters, product turnover.

The BEST-STROY construction company performs sheet piling of the excavation from pipes and Larsen sheet piles at construction sites in Moscow, the region and other regions of Russia.

Price

The price of the sheet piling of the pit is from 550 rubles. per 1 running meter. Taking into account the turnover of the tongue. Ready to work on FER.

Order for your object!

The final estimate can be optimized when the company performs full cycle foundation works.

Works	Sheet pile device	Pit development	pile driving	Vibro driving piles	Piling indentation
Unit rev.	p.m.	cubic meters	p.m.	p.m.	p.m.
price, rub.	from 550	from 450	from 500	from 650	from 750

Types of sheet piling

Based on the soil conditions, the characteristics of the construction site, the configuration and depth of the excavation, various types of sheet piling can be used. In some cases - wooden or reinforced concrete piles, immersed by driving. But in mass construction, sheet piling made of pipes and the Larsen profile has received the greatest use.

Pipe pile

A fragment of the pit after its fastening with pipes

The use of pipe dowels is justified for economic reasons in the absence of the need for dewatering, because this profile does not provide tightness. Metal tubular sheet pile with a diameter of 300-500 mm is an affordable material with a high turnover. It is unpretentious in storage, transportation and in the methods of immersion used.

Due to the lack of a hitch sheet pile pipes provide sufficient strength of the fence wall under additional conditions (shallow excavation, light load, or installation of reinforcing belts, spacers, ground anchors, spacer systems), the need for which is determined by the results of calculations. Fencing the walls of the pit from pipes is relatively simple and economical. Sheet piling elements, as a rule, with shallow excavations in solid soils are immersed at significant intervals. At the same time, soil spillage is insignificant, and the speed of work is high, while ensuring sufficient strength of the fence.

Often sheet piling of the excavation and boarding from boards are applied simultaneously (based on a technical and economic comparison various options fencing), which ensures cost reduction. The submerged sheet pile ensures the strength of the wall of the pit, and the shields of the boards protect against spillage of loose or even clayey rock.

Larsen sheet piling profile

Sheet piling profile Larsen in stock

The desire to ensure acceptable strength of pits in difficult geological conditions of construction led to the creation of a sheet pile with locks, first proposed by the German engineer Larsen at the beginning of the last century.

Main advantage of Larsen sheet piling in additional strength due to the locking hitch of the elements. Due to this, it becomes possible to develop deep pits with a high load from sedimentary rocks, as well as in dense building conditions with a high load from neighboring structures. The fencing made of this sheet piling does not differ from other sheet pile elements in terms of ease of operation, but is much higher in terms of load capacity.

Sheet piling from Larsen sheet piling

An additional advantage of this sheet pile is tightness, due to which it becomes possible to carry out dewatering simultaneously with the installation of the fence.

Larsen sheet pile is a metal U-shaped profile of a special section configuration with strong locking grooves, symmetrical in section. Each subsequent sheet pile, when immersed in the ground, is rotated 180 degrees relative to the vertical axis, brought into engagement with the previous one and deepened. Thus, a strong, inextricable sheet pile wall is formed.

The most common types of elements in mass construction sheet pile Larsen L5 and L4 are made up to 466 mm wide and up to 24 m long, the dimensions and design of which are defined in TU 14-2-879-89. Sheet piling L5 and L4 can be re-immersed, on the basis of which they have good performance turnover.

Fencing sheet piling technology

Finished excavation wall, fixed with pipe piling

5 main technologies for immersion of the sheet piling of the excavation are used:

pile vibrator- the most common technology, due to the high speed of installation, and hence productivity. The vibratory driving unit is a basic machine (excavator, crane or tractor) with suspended equipment (actual vibratory driver, consisting of hydraulic motors with eccentrics mounted on the bed, and a hydraulic station),
static tongue indentation- the most silent and sparing to the strength properties of the soil and to the foundations of nearby buildings, the piling is carried out by a pile-pressing installation,
driving and preliminary leader sheet piling, or without drilling - the most affordable way when using a pile driver with a diesel hammer,
and a little more expensive, but more controlled in the process - driving a sheet pile with a hydraulic hammer,
screwing and indentation of the tubular sheet pile by the pile drilling rig.

Immersion of the sheet pile of the fence into the ground occurs before digging a pit on a leveled construction site along the perimeter of the future excavation. In solid soils, sheet pile drilling is preliminarily performed, which ensures guaranteed achievement of the design depth, reduction of the dynamic impact through the soil on the foundations of neighboring buildings, the use of less powerful (and therefore less expensive to operate) equipment and the acceleration of the immersion operation.

sheet piling impact method without drilling leaders - this is the easiest and inexpensive way sheet pile fencing devices. Used most often when not special requirements to the noise level and dynamic impacts on the foundations near the located buildings through the ground. It is carried out by pile drivers.

Vibration immersion of a sheet piling profile

At high blood pressure from sedimentary rocks and, even more so, under the load from the ground under closely spaced buildings, conventional sheet piling may not be sufficient to properly strengthen the excavation wall. In these cases, additional measuresexcavation wall fixings. Designers and builders have a wide arsenal of methods and technical solutions at their disposal:

installation of a longitudinal belt from a metal profile (channel, I-beam),
the use of reinforcing struts made of rolled metal, resting at one end against the bottom of the pit, and at the other against the wall,
the use of spacer systems from a metal profile - their designs can be varied in complexity and execution,
arrangement of ground anchors - reinforced concrete anchors buried in the soil.

Calculation of the sheet piling of the excavation

sheet piling calculation is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents in construction, SNiPs, SP and GOSTs based on the design parameters of the depth and configuration of the pit, data from geological and hydraulic surveys on the territory of the construction site. The types and types of soils, their strength, angle of repose, humidity, groundwater level, features of sheet piling technologies are taken into account. Sheet piling of the pit is mandatory in any soil conditions at a depth of more than 5 meters. And with sandy and other types of weak, crumbling soils - and with a smaller depth of excavations.

In the case of flooded soils and at the level aquifers above the depth of trenches and pits - special attention is paid to dewatering. This is being achieved various methods, among which preference is given to the immersion of the Larsen sheet pile into the underlying layer, which provides not only excellent strength of the fence, but also its tightness.

Dewatering in the pit

Increased protection against powerful groundwater filtration is achieved by the use of sealing compounds applied manually to sheet pile locks before they are immersed in the ground. Extraction of the sheet pile reinforced with sealant after the completion of the construction of the building is too time-consuming. In such situations, the sheet pile wall is made non-removable.

The output data of calculations, the guiding documents of construction, become POS (project for the organization of work), PPR (project for the production of works). They take into account preparatory work, materials and equipment used, methods and sequence of execution sheet piling, plunging the sheet pile and, if necessary, extracting it from the ground, safety precautions.

Sheet Piling Equipment

Fencing the pit with a tongue and groove is carried out using modern special equipment. We use the following equipment:

Sheet pile wall reinforcement

In cases where additional strength is required, the sheet pile wall is strengthened with a profiled steel belt, ground anchors or a spacer system. If anchors or spacers are performed, then the belt is required. The spacer system is easier and cheaper to install, but takes inner space excavation and reduces the mobility of work, which can affect the timing of production. Or it requires a larger excavation area, which leads to additional digging costs. In this sense, ground anchors are more convenient, although their construction is more expensive.

We know how to make strong sheet pile walls of excavations and at the same time invest in an estimate. If you need a sheet piling of a pit, BEST-STROY (Moscow) will perform it reliably and on time, in compliance with the project and SNiPs.

Order a calculation of the cost of sheet piling

Fill in the data and send - in response you will receive a calculation of the cost of sheet piling as a first approximation. The final cost may depend on the specifics of the project.

Sheet piles are piles driven into the ground around the entire perimeter of the pit, made of wood or metal.

Installation of such structures is carried out in places where it is impossible to carry out work on slopes.

Purpose of buildings- this is the protection of the pit and the life of workers from soil collapse. The soil is securely held and does not collapse during the construction of even the most complex objects.

Larsen sheet piling

Protection against storm and groundwater, as well as soil collapse is carried out by special piles - Larsen sheet pile. They bear the name of their founder and developer of such technology.

The Larsen sheet pile is a particularly spatial element with a box section and locking elements along the edges of the product.

When immersed in the ground, the latch standing on one element is installed in a special groove of the other. Such a construction guarantees a secure connection.

Building poles are made from durable metal with carbon impurities. To protect against corrosion, manufacturers add copper particles to the metal product.

Save if needed you can use sheet piles made of polyvinyl chloride, which are not inferior in strength and reliability to metal and reinforced concrete structures.

Among main advantages Larsen sheet piling can highlight the convenience when installing the material on the site.

With high strength and resistance to external factors, Larsen sheet pile, unlike conventional sheet piles, is used in the construction of complex objects. Among application examples the following can be noted:

facilities for cleaning;
protection of construction sites from water;
strengthening the coastline of rivers and reservoirs;
fencing of places with walls with industrial waste;
construction of dams, bridges and moorings;
strengthening the soil with the threat of a landslide.

Reliability is achieved due to the manufacture of sheet piles from alloy steel, which has increased strength. Manufacturers set the thickness of the tongue in different ways during manufacture. For well-known brands, it varies from 15 to 23 mm.

Sometimes during use unexpected situations happen, and the product, immersed in heavy soil, begins to fail: the joints in the locking elements are deformed, and the structure itself is bent.

Masters have only one way out - cut off part of the structure autogenous plant and leave at the work site.

Immersion of the Larsen sheet pile is carried out using special equipment by shock and vibration effects. Installation is a lot like installing fence piles.

Immersion using a vibration element is carried out by means of a hinged module, through which the load is transferred to the head of the hinged element.

Additional equipment for installation is axial technology, which allows you to insert a pile into the soil, liquefied under the influence of a vibrating machine.

Piles made of reinforced concrete

Piles made of reinforced concrete structure, installed with locks sealing the entire structure. Trapezoidal tongues and grooves are the components of the lock elements. Piles during the installation work are installed by the method one into the other.

Installation of piles is carried out using driving equipment with increased technical power. Piles made of reinforced concrete material are not removed for rework, as they serve as the outer shell of the foundation.

Such piles are often used in the construction of bridges and dams. Transportation aggravated by the appearance of cracks on the surface of the product. such products does not exceed sixteen meters.

Steel sheet piles

metal material reuse, and besides, it is easy to transport and install at a new facility. Steel sheet piles are used in modern construction, guided by a number of reasons:

High strength to mechanical damage.
Convenient transportation and installation, compared with reinforced concrete structures.
Multiple applications and easy extraction from the soil.
Wide choice of materials from the profile, oriented by price to different types of object by complexity.
Installation of profiles is carried out by equipment using vibration and shock technologies.

The device of the sheet piling of the excavation from pipes

The sheet piling of the excavation from pipes is made on initial stage construction work in a transport, housing or hydraulic structure.

At the initial stage of work the pit may crumble and damage builders and equipment.

Prevention of such situations is successfully achieved sheet pile technique, consisting of a dense wall, where the fastening elements are interconnected by locks in the grooves.

The work on the excavation consists in installing a structure for the support, it can be a Larsen trough-shaped sheet pile or a tubular sheet pile.

The pipe pile has the only drawback in which it is inferior to the Larsen sheet pile - high cost for hardware with increased mass, and in other indicators better protection no pit to be found.

Main advantages installation of sheet piles from pipes in the pit:

high stability products allows the use of tubular sheet pile as a fixed formwork;
installation becomes more convenient due to the ability to crush boulders and other foreign bodies inside the pipe;
stability is much higher than that of the Larsen sheet pile;
the ability to install additional beams and channels inside the pipe;
used pipes can be dismantled and used in other construction work or sold on the secondary market.

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Norms in the technological map and SNIP

Fencing standards sheet pile method spelled out in technological map.

The map was developed based on the experience of construction at similar facilities with a repeating structure of buildings, structures with parts, as well as for buildings with unified schemes in terms of dimensions and standard designs.

In her highlights the basics of quality work performance, fire and environmental safety and others important points and issues that arise during construction work of increased complexity.

The map is designed for foremen, construction workers and engineers involved in the technical aspect of the construction of sheet piling.

The quality of the work carried out evaluated according to SNIP – « building codes and rules”, according to which you can navigate and talk about the literacy of work and the erection of a fence in the pit.

It reflects the requirements for fire and environmental safety of work and the material and technical component, which must necessarily be aimed precisely at the norm, and not at a deviation from it.

Formula for calculation

When the soil is dug up, the balance of forces in the interaction is significantly disturbed. The pressure during excavation increases from the cooling side of the walls.

The prevention of the destruction of the walls by the fence should be calculated using specific design characteristics: fences, the depth to which the material is immersed, the dimensions of the sheet pile and the interaction forces.

The calculation is made by graphic-analytical method (example in the photo below) or by a certain formula. For counting use a special program. Technical information required for correct device and immersion of the instrument, is given in paragraph 3.02.01-87 of SNIP.

Characteristics, taken into account in the formula:

Ground pressure under capsizing.
Force of ground pressure along the vertical.
Counteracting the rotating element.
Selected pit depth.

Calculation Formula strength looks like this: М1 ≤ m/γ * M2, where

M1 is the main moment of the overturning force.
M2- counteraction to the overturning force (holding moment).
m— coefficient of working conditions (in general order it is equal to 0.95, for soft soils 0.7)
γ — reliability coefficient (1.1 for a territory covered with water).

The main moments of strength can be calculated based on the formula:

M1 (overturning moment) \u003d Ea * Ca.
M2 (holding moment) \u003d En * Cn.
Ea and En - diagram resultant pressures active and passive types; Ca and Cn are the resultant arms with respect to point 0.

The calculation is carried out based on the lowest point of the sheet pile, since at a height it can be subjected to rotation or capsizing.

Calculation example

According to the calculated data for sheet piling fences with the number of tiers equal to two or more "VSN 136-78", for sandy soil the coefficient of active lateral soil pressure is 0.7, passive 1.42, the distance from the top of the sheet pile to the bottom of the layer will be 9 m.

For a minimum sheet pile depth of 28.9 m, the lateral pressure diagrams are: active 16.6 tf/m2, active 23.8 tf/m2.

Installation and strengthening of the Larsen sheet pile

Larsen sheet piles are easy to install and fasten, but installation will require the help of special equipment. Before starting the installation, you need to invite a team of workers from three, and preferably four people trained in the skills of carrying out such work.

When installing, it is impossible to do without a vibrator. If the vibrator is not available, the use of a vibrohammer is allowed. This is a device, without which no work on driving piles or strengthening the fence can do.

If a financial opportunities not allowed to buy useful equipment you can rent it.

With the help of such a hammer, the sheet pile is immersed in the ground. Thanks to a sharp blow and technical strength, the need to use heavy equipment disappears.

Sheet piles installed sequentially, so that the second clearly enters the groove to the first. In this case, a turn is needed within a radius of 180 degrees with respect to the first one with the formation of a continuous structure.

The technology of high-quality tongue indentation is the most acceptable installation technique. It does not cause significant damage to the soil and nearby buildings, which cannot be avoided with the use of hammer work.

The process of immersion and excavation of the pipe sheet is shown in the video below:

1 area of ​​use