The latter method is less laborious and allows one to obtain quality water from deep aquifers. Arrangement of the water intake source is associated with losses for appearance territory. You can minimize the negative by doing hydro-drilling of water wells with your own hands. Or, if there is no self-confidence, invite specialists.
Hydrodrilling technique
The operation of hydrodrilling wells for water is based on the method of destroying soil rocks with a drilling tool using a liquid. A sufficient load on the drill is provided by the weight of the rod and special drilling equipment. With their help, a drilling fluid (flushing fluid) is supplied into the well, which facilitates the passage of the drill through the rock.The flushing fluid does not have a complex composition. It will be necessary to prepare only water with clay impurities. The liquid is filled with pits near the drilling site, connected by trays for the free flow of liquid between them. The volume of the pits is approximately 1 cubic meter. The drilling fluid is pumped into the well by a motor pump. The inlet hose of the pump is lowered into the pit and the solution is pumped into the well. The solution (flushing fluid) performs three functions during drilling:
- drill cooling;
- wall polishing;
- flushing of cuttings from the well.
Equipment for hydraulic drilling
Water well drilling involves the use of a small-sized drilling rig. You will need to rent or purchase this device. In the assembled state, it differs in rather modest dimensions - approximately 1x1x3 m.The design includes:
- collapsible steel frame;
- mechanical winch;
- drill (drilling tool);
- drive motor;
- swivel (for sliding parts relative to the frame);
- motor pump supplying solution;
- drill rods connected in a column;
- drilling fluid supply hoses;
- Control block.
The motor pump can be electric or petrol. The main thing is that it can work smoothly under a significant load ( drilling fluid denser than water and more viscous).
You will also need a set casing pipes(with a margin so as not to interrupt the installation in case of shortage), filter, tool (keys, etc.).
Where does hydraulic drilling begin?
Preparation for drilling work is carried out with, on which the aquifer lies. The complexity and laboriousness of the work, as well as the amount of material for rods and casing pipes, depends on this.
One option is to contact government bodies with geodetic maps. To be sure of the quality of the water, it is worth getting the conclusion of the SES. It is necessary to prepare a source of water for the drilling fluid in advance. The volume of the solution depends on the composition of the soil. One well may require from 5 to 20 m3 of drilling fluid.
Next, it is worth preparing the site (site) and equipment. You should start with the installation of containers for the supply of water. Another option is the creation of an improvised "reservoir". To do this, prepare a pit, the walls of which are processed clay mortar or covered with a hydromembrane, after which they are filled with water.
The next step is the installation of the drilling rig. This procedure is simple, but responsible. The device must be installed strictly on a plumb line, the slightest slope will complicate the installation of the casing. Pits (2 pcs.) Are equipped approximately one and a half meters from the proposed well.
The first acts as a filter in which the soil washed out by the solution settles. It is located closer to the drilling rig itself. The minimum dimensions of the filter pit are 0.7x0.7x0.7m. The main pit is made larger and located a little further from the well. The pits are connected by trays (trenches) for the flow of liquid. The inlet hose of the pump is located in the main pit, and a hose is laid from its outlet to the swivel. Through the last solution flows into the well.
Do-it-yourself water well drilling technology
Workers with experience in well drilling start work early in the morning, because the drilling process takes a lot of time (it can take two to three days). Hydrodrilling of wells for water has nuances that depend on the density and composition of the soil.Sandy soils are very hygroscopic and require a large number water. The clay solution is kneaded immediately before starting work (otherwise the water from the pit will have time to go into the soil).
The washing liquid is prepared using a mixer in which the clay is mixed with water to approximately the consistency of kefir. Then the drilling fluid does not seep into the sand, clogging the holes in the walls of the well and forming an almost airtight "vessel".
Stop the drilling process sandy soil unacceptable! Therefore, you should carefully check the performance of the pump, winch and other tools before hydraulic drilling. You can not delay with the installation of the casing. Delay can lead to collapse, after which it will be necessary to repeat the drilling of the well. Drilling a well with your own hands is a very simple procedure (if you have the equipment). From the pit, the working drilling fluid is pumped by a pump and gets to the working drill through the swivel. Clay-water suspension strengthens the walls, polishing them. It also facilitates the passage of the drill through the rock, while contributing to its cooling. The waste liquid is discharged into the pit. There, the soil, washed out by water, sinks to the bottom, and the drilling fluid flows through the tray into the main pit, from where it again enters the well.
The composition of the solution, or rather, its density depends on the characteristics of the soil!
As the well progresses, the soil may change, then the composition of the drilling fluid should be adjusted. Drilling is continued until the drill enters the aquifer. When the length of the rod is not enough, it is increased with new sections until the well passes into clean water. Equipment manufacturers guarantee the operation of MDRs with wells up to 50 m. However, in reality, they are enough to punch wells deeper than 100 m. Additional flushing is performed after reaching the desired aquifer. In this case, it is produced clean water, and not a mixture with clay.
Casing installation
When the drill reaches the aquifer, flushing is carried out. Then you should carefully remove the drill rods.If the rods come out hard, repeat flushing!
To prevent collapse of the borehole wall immediately after the rods are retrieved, a casing should be installed. Three types of pipes are used: asbestos-cement, steel and plastic. The latter are the best choice. They are inexpensive, while high-strength and elastic, not afraid of corrosion.
To improve water quality and create additional protection dirt needs to be filtered. Filters can be both homemade and industrial. The latter are slotted and "coated".
Protozoa homemade filter do this: a grinder cuts transverse slots in the casing. Better cleaning can be achieved by drilling holes in the pipe and wrapping it with geotextile or a special mesh. The design of such a do-it-yourself filter is fastened with clamps.
Video clip of manual drilling of a well
The video shows the process of making a do-it-yourself drilling rig and the process of drilling a hole in the soil with a drill.Sometimes the aquifer is too productive, it can quickly “wash out” the well, preventing it from working. Then a head is put on the pipe and clean water is supplied with a motor pump under maximum pressure. This makes it easy to pass the well. Then the column should be tightly filled with gravel and a pump installed.
The pump, installed at the very bottom of the well, quickly becomes dirty and fails.
When choosing a place to install the pump, position it slightly below the water level, which will allow you to safely complete the work with the whole pump.
It is not difficult to drill a well on your own. The main thing is to ensure the availability of special equipment and tools. Before you make a well with your own hands, you should read the instructions for the equipment. But it will be even better if you can first participate in the work together with experienced specialists who will help you drill a well under water with their advice and practical help.
The principle of hydro-drilling of wells, the features of this process and its advantages. Scroll necessary equipment and stepwise technology work that you can do yourself.
Features of water well drilling
Compared to traditional similar technologies, hydrodrilling is a universal and most economical method. It combines two critical processes - the destruction of the rock with the help of a drill and its washing out with a working fluid under pressure.
The weight of the string, consisting of drill rods, ensures that the system is immersed in the ground, and special equipment allows pumping a flushing solution, which is a suspension of water and clay, into the resulting cavity. The drilling fluid is pumped out by a motor pump and sent to the well.
AT general scheme works washing solution performs the following functions:
- Washes out small fragments of destroyed soil and brings them to the surface;
- Protects the working surface of the earth drill from overheating;
- Grinds the walls of the well, strengthens them, reducing the risk of collapse.
If the sedimentary rocks at the site consist of crushed stone or boulders, it will be necessary to refuse to drill a well, since it is impossible to lift their heavy fragments from it with water pressure.
The above method of extracting water has become popular relatively recently and therefore causes many misconceptions. For example, that hydrodrilling is suitable only for small wells. In fact, with good technical equipment in this way, they can be drilled to a depth of more than 250 m, although on average for domestic wells this value is 20-35 m.
The opinion about the high cost of hydraulic drilling is also erroneous. Due to the significant speed of work, the cash costs are not as great as it might seem at first glance.
In addition, the indisputable advantages of this method include:
- The compactness of the equipment, which allows drilling in a limited small size site;
- The minimum number of technical operations;
- High drilling speed, allowing it to be carried out at a depth of 10 m per day;
- Absolute safety for the ecological balance of the area and its landscape;
- Possibility self-fulfillment works and their associated minimum cost.
Selection of equipment for hydraulic drilling of a well
The optimal solution for the extraction of water at your site is the use of a small-sized drilling rig. It is a unit having a diameter of 1 m and a height of 3 m.
Its structure includes:
- Metal frame;
- Drilling tool;
- An engine that serves to transmit force to the drill;
- Winch;
- Swivel for fixing parts;
- Rods forming a column;
- Electronic control unit;
- Hoses supplying the flushing mixture from the motor pump;
- Petal or cone drill.
For fast hydraulic drilling and high-quality flushing of the well cavity, it is necessary to purchase a powerful motor pump. The performance of this unit should be from 20 m 3 / hour, provide a head of 26 m and a pressure of about 2.6 atm. When buying, you should indicate to the seller the purpose of the motor pump - pumping contaminated liquid.
Water well drilling technology
The existing technology of hydraulic drilling of water wells requires consistent compliance with all stages of work. These include preparation of equipment, casing and flushing fluid preparation. After that, you can assemble the installation and proceed directly to drilling.
Finding an aquifer
For success in the search for groundwater on the site, it is necessary to determine the depth of its soil occurrence, even if these data are approximate. They can be obtained by interviewing neighbors who have wells, or from a local drilling company that has carried out their work with them.
Most often, the upper aquifers of the soil are located at a depth of 1.5 to 6 m. Such layers are popularly referred to as "top water". Her horizon is not meant for prey drinking water, since it contains household and chemical pollution infiltrated from the soil surface.
If you need to get water with drinking properties, it can be found with a probability of 70% at a depth of 15-25 m in the presence of a waterproof layer of loam or sandy loam on top, which protects the life-giving moisture from pollution. Aquifers located from 25 m or more in depth can guarantee the extraction of the purest water by 90%.
In search of underground water, it is recommended to perform exploratory drilling using a 100 mm drill. If a positive result has been achieved at a depth of 10 m, the drill string with the first rod having holes and used as a filter is left in the hole. With a greater depth of water, the well is expanded with a drill with a diameter of 200 mm and a casing pipe with a diameter of 125 mm is inserted into the cavity, and then a submersible pump.
Preparation for work
If the drilling site is properly prepared, the workflow will be spared many hitches, as they are undesirable with this method, associated with an uninterrupted supply of flushing solution.
Hydrodrilling requires a significant amount of water - about 15 m 3 . To ensure it, it is necessary to prepare containers or dig big hole, and then coat its walls with clay, which will not allow the harvested water to go into the ground.
When the containers are full, you can start assembling the MBU - drilling rig. Its installation is carried out according to the attached instructions, there are no special difficulties, and the work lasts about an hour. The main condition is the horizontal installation of the unit. Otherwise, in the event of a skew, it is unlikely that it will be possible to mount the casing pipe.
When the entire structure is assembled, one and a half or two meters from it, pits should be dug, which serve to fill them with drilling fluid. The result should be two recesses in the ground such as baths. Then they need to be connected with an overflow trench. The dimensions of each of the pits are 1x1x1 m. One of them will be designed for settling particles of polluted flushing water from the well. The water settled in it through the overflow trench will flow into another pit, and then pumped into the drilling unit using a pump.
In the process of drilling a well for water, the sump will periodically have to be cleaned of sediment, consisting of drilled soil fractions. Another pit is considered the main one. Near it, you need to install a motor pump and connect its inlet to the pit with hoses, and the outlet to the installation.
This design provides a circular circulation of water in the process, which cools the drill and increases its resource. After the installation is completed, water can be pumped into the pits.
Well Drilling Instructions
After preparing and assembling the MDR, the pit should be filled with a flushing suspension and drilling should begin.
Its scheme is quite simple:
- With the help of a motor pump, the washing solution is fed through a hose to the drill string.
- Using the cavity of the rods immersed in the soil, the mixture reaches the drill string and helps it in breaking the rock.
- The suspension that has captured the soil is sent to the sump.
- When the suspension settles, the solution flows into the adjacent pit and is again used in a circle.
The casing string serves to prevent sand and pebbles from entering the wellbore during drilling. To prevent possible collapses, the casing pipe must be lowered almost simultaneously with the penetration of the drill string.
The material for the manufacture of casing is metal or plastic of great thickness. Plastic pipes are quite popular because they are resistant to oxidation. However, during hydrodrilling, it is difficult to push them into the wellbore. It is much easier with this method to use metal pipes with a thread that allows you to alternately screw on the links.
It is convenient to make a flushing solution for drilling in a pit, mixing clay with water there. Clay particles, which are contained in the suspension, clog the pores of the soil in the well, thereby reducing the absorption of fluid by the soil. Depending on the rocks through which the drill passes, the composition of the suspension must be adjusted. For sands, it is usually thick. Sandy loam, loam and clay soils can be developed using ordinary water, and if the rocks are dense, shot or any other abrasive is added to it.
If the drilling rig has to be stopped for the night, then the carriage with the drill must be lifted with a winch to the top of the MBU and fixed there. The next day after starting the motor pump and running it for half an hour, turn on the drive. After that, the winch needs to lower and slightly raise the string of drill rods. After waiting for the carriage to move easily, you can continue to drill the well with your own hands.
Arrangement of a well for water
Having passed the aquifer, hydro-drilling should be continued until penetration into the water-resistant layer. This point will be noticeable by a decrease in the rate of immersion of the drill. Metal rods must be removed from the well after it is flushed with water.
If a large-diameter well was drilled in order to install a submersible pump in it, then you need to worry about installing a filter. This operation is easy to perform. You will need to insert a series of pipes of smaller diameter inside the casing string and connect them. The lower tube of the inner casing must be perforated or have longitudinal slots. It will be correct if this water-filtering link is supplemented with a thin metal mesh.
After the filter element reaches the bottom of the well, the casing should be pulled out of the wellbore a little in order to free the filter holes. The upper excess part of the pipe must be cut off and a head should be made. If there is a gap around the wellbore, the wellhead must be fixed with crushed stone and cement mortar. This will help to avoid the penetration of melt water from the outside into the aquifer of the source.
When installing the submersible pump should not come into contact with the bottom of the well - this is a prerequisite. The water level above it must be at least 3 m. After installing the pump, the well can be used.
After completion of all the above works, it is necessary to disassemble the design of the drilling rig. If the well is narrow, the drilling string will play the role of a filter casing. It is not necessary to remove it from the wellbore, since the water intake will be carried out using the channels through which the drilling slurry passed.
Watch a video about hydraulic drilling of a well:
This technology of hydraulic drilling of wells is quite accessible for independent application. To reduce cash costs when drilling your well, you can not buy an MBU, but simply rent it. Subject to the sequence of stages of work and the availability quality equipment you can get an excellent result, which will allow for a long time use underground water High Quality.
The best way to organize the water supply of a private house is the construction of wells. To carry out work with the least losses for an already equipped territory, do-it-yourself hydraulic drilling of water wells is carried out, the implementation of which also allows significant savings.
Hydrodrilling: general characteristics
Hydrodrilling of an artesian well is carried out by means of a mobile drilling rig (MBU) and a self-priming water pump. A dense layer of earth is softened with water, washed out and pumped out with a motor pump from an already formed hole.
The destruction of the soil is accelerated by a special hydraulic solution with quartz sand or steel shot. Often a powerful drill bit is used. This method is more used for sandy and sandy, loamy and clay soils. Work with rocky soil is excluded.
Advantages and disadvantages of the method
The device of wells by hydraulic drilling using a mobile drilling rig has the following advantages:
- there is no need to use large-sized special equipment;
- a small drilling rig allows you to equip wells without damaging the artificial or natural landscape (the use of a small-sized structure covers an area of only 4 square meters);
- all necessary work can be done independently;
- drilling work can also be carried out indoors - for example, a garage or basement, the height of which exceeds 3.5 m;
- the process of hydraulic drilling of wells lasts from one to three days;
- MBU is easy to use, and you can simply bring it to the place of work in your hands.
Despite the obvious advantages, do-it-yourself hydro-drilling of water wells also has some disadvantages:
- difficulty in passing through hard ground;
- depth restrictions.
Tools and materials
For hydraulic drilling, you will need to purchase rubberized gloves, entrenching tools, rubber boots, a transfer plug, a fluid tank with a volume of at least 2 m 3, a pipe wrench, and a manual clamp.
Directly for drilling operations, the following equipment will be required - MBU, high-power gasoline motor pump for pumping drilling fluid, casing plastic pipes 125 mm (for wells with shallow depth - 116 mm), slotted filter or sprayed, pump.
MBU device
The drilling rig is a small collapsible structure, consisting of:
- bearing part with installed reversible motor with a mechanism for generating torque;
- systems of drills and drill rods;
- winches, through which the equipment is raised and lowered for building up the working string with rods;
- motor pumps;
- swivels;
- hoses;
- petal or exploratory cone drill, used to pass the compacted part of the soil and center the equipment;
- control unit.
MBU allows you to go deep into the ground by 50 meters.
The process and sequence of work
small installation
The technology used for hydrodrilling is not too complicated. Initially, you should study the maps of the area and determine at what depth the aquifer lies, calculate the required number of casing pipes, pour the water used for cooking into pre-prepared tanks drilling mud liquid.
Hand drilling is best to start in the early morning. First you need to assemble the MBU. Then two technological recesses are dug: filtration (width, length and depth - 0.7 m) and main (1 m in all directions). A pit for filtration is made near the MBU, and the other is at a distance. A motor pump is located near the main pit.
The recesses should be interconnected using trays and filled washing liquid. A hose is attached to the outlet of the pump, which is led to the main recess. The hose for supplying the hydraulic solution is pulled to the installation from the outlet and connected to the swivel. From the pit, the pump sucks in the drilling fluid, which is directed to the bottomhole under pressure. The mixture erodes the soil, polishes the walls of the well and reduces the temperature of the drilling device.
The drilling fluid from the well is sent to the filtration depression in order to make the soil settle to the bottom. The cleaned mixture again flows into the main pit. Having passed to the aquifer, the formed well is thoroughly cleaned. The rods are removed and the casing pipes equipped with a filter are installed. A pump is lowered into the shaft and immersed in water.
Drilling fluid supply
On the final stage should be pumped organized system. After a successful check, it is ready for use.
The scheme of the process of hydraulic drilling of wells for water is shown in the figure.
Hydrodrilling scheme
Hydrodrilling methods
Tip drilling
sharp tip
A pointed, notched tip is welded onto the head of the rod. It destroys the dense layer of the earth. When the rod built into the MBU with a drill is rotated, it consistently deepens into the soil. Destroyed rocks are washed out with bentonite mortar.
During washing, clay particles adhere to the walls of the mine, thereby strengthening them. Dirt coming to the surface accumulates in the sewer storage capacity. The solid particles remain at the bottom, while the filtered liquid flows into another sump. Further, the water mass washes out excess soil from the mine. The cycle is repeated.
Do-it-yourself hydrodrilling of wells with a tip allows you to make a well up to 30 m deep.
Exfoliation and washing out of soil by water pressure
It is important to properly make a recess in the ground, prepare a special solution (water and hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1: 20,000). Casing pipes should be run into the mine as soon as an aquifer is found. The gap between the shaft wall and the pipe should be cemented. This will prevent the penetration of melted and free-flowing groundwater into the trunk.
Slag receivers must be deep. In this case, the soil particles will remain at the bottom and will not float up during the next water intake. Applying this method it is important to know that it will be possible to drill a well in loose soil. Hydro-drilling will not work in the ground where solid layers of Jurassic clay lie - water simply cannot pass them. The maximum depth of the well will be 15 m.
Rotary drilling
Underground layers are destroyed by means of a cone bit mounted in the MBU, which is significantly loaded for weighting. It rotates, receiving energy from the internal combustion engine. It is impossible to create these conditions on your own. Therefore, rotary hydro drilling should be entrusted to professionals.
Rotary drilling
During rotary hydraulic drilling, the soil is washed in two ways: direct and reverse.
- With direct flushing, drilling fluid is poured into the drill rods, which, flowing down, cools the bit and mixes with the deformed soil. Through the annulus, the chemical mixture with the earth flows out of the well and flows into the slag receiver. Drilling material is fed into the casing pipe by a motor pump. Its narrow cross-section contributes to the high flow rate of the drilling fluid. From which the soil is destroyed very quickly. However, clay drilling fluid does not allow to fully open the aquifer. Therefore, it is best to use purified water for washing.
- During backwashing, water enters the well by gravity through the annulus, and is pushed up with mud from the inside of the drill pipes. At the same time, the maximum flow rate is maintained and the aquifer is completely opened. The liquid, leaving the face under pressure, removes large slags. It is important to seal the wellhead and provide the drill pipe with a stuffing box.
Sooner or later, the owner of the site faces the question of how to provide water supply to the house. Well, if there is a possibility of connection to the central water supply. However, most often everyone has to independently solve the problem of water supply at home and the site.
Question about self-arrangement wells on the site rises if the territory is already built up and ennobled. Hiring special equipment can lead to the loss of planted plants, the destruction of the developed territory. Therefore, many people prefer to carry out hydraulic drilling of the well with their own hands.
To create a well on your own, you need a small-sized drilling rig, forces and time. Hydrodrilling can be used in any soil: from clay to sandy. Rocky soil requires other methods of organizing wells.
Getting your own source of water can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. The time it takes to reach the aquifer depends only on the depth of its occurrence.
Required Tools
When creating a well on the site independently by the most in a simple way is hydrodrilling - the use of the power of water supplied under high pressure. The advantages of this method are obvious:
- Ease of use of a small-sized drilling rig.
- Profitability of hydrodrilling as a method of creating wells (the ability to rent MDR rather than purchase it).
- The ability to independently equip a well in a short time.
Hydro-drilling of wells is carried out using a small-sized drilling rig - MBU. It is a quick and easy to assemble design that does not require much space. The principle of its operation is to wash out the soil to the surface under strong pressure. The MBU includes:
- metal collapsible frame;
- an engine that allows you to transfer force to the drill;
- drilling tool;
- a water pump that creates the necessary pressure;
- winch;
- swivel (one of the parts of the working circuit, providing the necessary sliding fastening to the rest of the elements);
- a drill for passing the soil can be of two types: exploration or petal;
- hoses for supplying water from the pump to the swivel;
- drill rods for string formation;
- MBU control unit.
Assembly of the MBU takes no more than 1 hour. Its compact dimensions make it possible to use the unit even on a small patch of land. The only thing that is required is to organize pits.
Installation and use of MBU on the site
Installation of the drilling rig is carried out in the following order:
The main metal structure according to instructions;
Technological excavations - pits are being made. They will be located 1-1.5 m from the rig and contain drilling fluid used for hydraulic drilling. When installing the MBU, two pits are prepared: a pit-filter and a main pit. Near the drilling rig there is a filter pit with a depth, width and length of up to 0.7 m, while the main pit is located a little further, communicating with the filter pit using a shallow trench. Its dimensions are approximately 1 m both in length and in width and depth.
After the main pit there is a water pump. The hose from its inlet is lowered into the main pit. A supply hose extends from the outlet directly to the drilling rig.
It is connected to the swivel by means of a rod. It is through the swivel that the drilling fluid will be fed into the well.
After working out, the drilling fluid will begin to fall from the well into the sump-filter. Here, the soil from the well will settle to the bottom, and the drilling fluid will flow into the main pit and can again be used during the operation of the MDR.
Note! The drilling fluid depends on the type of soil in the area. If the type of soil changes during the construction of the well, the drilling fluid must also be changed.
Operating procedure
The process of hydrodrilling is as simple as assembly. First, drilling fluid is fed into the hoses through a water pump. It gets through the swivel into the rods, to the engine-powered drill. The drilling fluid performs several functions: it not only affects the drilling tool, which allows it to go into the ground in search of water, but also simultaneously cools the parts of the installation, and also grinds the walls of the well, thereby making them stronger.
If one rod is not enough to get into the aquifer, you can add required amount bar to reach clean water. In this case, be sure to rinse the water intake with clean water and then place a pump in the well for further pumping.
Video
How drilling works with the help of MBU, see the following video:
There are several ways to penetrate the soil in depth. From the point of view of expediency, the method of hydrodrilling water wells, implemented by oneself, raises a number of questions, although in some cases it gives good result and significantly reduces the time for independent work. This article will help those who have decided to prepare the trunk for further arrangement of the source in this way.
Feature of hydrodrilling technology
In fact, this is a complex work that combines the processes of direct drilling and soil softening. The soil is affected not only by the tool, but also by the pressure of the liquid, and the soil is washed out to the surface after destruction. Work can be significantly accelerated by adding an abrasive to the pressure water (for example, quartz sand), hunting shot (steel balls) or something similar. This will significantly increase the efficiency of crushing hard segments (layers, pieces) of soil.
- The compactness of the equipment, therefore, the possibility of drilling in a limited segment, without the risk of damage to the developed area.
- High speed technological operations and reducing their number.
- You will have to spend a little on mechanization, since a home-made drill, even with a small depth of penetration, is clearly not enough.
Necessary equipment
drilling rig
For a shallow well, a small one is sufficient (abbreviation - MBU). It does not make sense to buy it, because after the completion of the work, the equipment will no longer be in demand on the farm, because it performs only very specific operations. Who cares about the price, you can specify the minimum cost of the simplest models - about 100,000 rubles (15 "horses", the drilling depth is not more than 90 - 100 m, and then, under certain conditions, and not with every tool).
Conclusion - it is more expedient to rent an MBU. Data on the cost of such a service is different, but using the installation during the day will cost about 8,000 - 10,000 rubles. Considering that the whole process will take no more than 2.5 - 3 days, then in any case it is much more profitable. The figure shows one of these compact models.
It should be borne in mind that not all MBUs in their composition have a pressure device. You may have to either purchase or rent a motor pump separately. Gasoline models that are suitable for more than just pumping dirty water, and for supplying liquid under the required pressure, they cost from 28,000 rubles, diesel ones are even more expensive. approximate price"Rental" - from 650 to 1,000 rubles / day.
Water supply
In order not to waste time searching for it during work (additionally), you should count on approximately 15 m³. This is quite enough, since it will not be possible to drill a deep (artesian) well with your own hands, therefore no one will do it. Focusing on such a volume, you will have to select tanks - by capacity and quantity.
If the well is planned to be small, then proceed in this way. Near the place of the proposed drilling, "pits" are made. They are in the form of trays, dug directly into the ground and connected by an overflow chute (trays). The water necessary for pumping into the pit is loaded into them. The dimensions of the "pits" are chosen arbitrarily, based on required quantity washing solution.
What to consider when drilling
Soil characteristics
Not only the choice of tools (drills), but also the expediency of using this technology depends on this. Since it is associated with the washing out of the rock under pressure, then on rocky soils it is pointless to do this, and it is better to resort to another technique.
The configuration and depth of the water reservoir
Operating procedure
General algorithm of actions. A specific list of activities is determined individually, taking into account local specifics.
Preparation of the drilling site
It consists in cleaning and leveling the soil for the further installation of the MBU and the placement of containers for the washing liquid.
Assembly and leveling of the plant
The last one is very important. If the tool goes into the ground at least at a slight angle, then under such conditions, drilling will not last long, and the installation of casing elbows will be significantly complicated.
Placement of technological tanks
If it is possible to replenish water supplies (for example, from the water supply system), then this is taken into account when choosing a place. The length of the connecting sleeve "reservoir - barrel" is also taken into account.
Feature - you need to take into account that the liquid coming from the barrel must go somewhere. When the well is pumped (but it will be later, after drilling and installation of casing pipes), it is simply diverted. In this case, the water enters the same place - into the container (“pit”), that is, it circulates in a circle. Therefore, the first tank after the MBU performs the function of a filter, that is, it cleans the process fluid from large fractions. During the drilling process, it is periodically cleaned.
water pump
The point of its location is determined by the ease of use and all the same linear parameters of the hoses. One - in the tank, the other - to the MBU.
On a note! All the nuances of connections, assembly production line specified in the instructions for a specific drilling rig.
Everything else is quite simple. The drill "bites" into the ground, and the motor pump supplies the prepared liquid, which strengthens the walls of the pit and at the same time cools the working tool.
If a this technology compared with the “dry” drilling method, in which you have to periodically remove the tool from the pit (along with the soil), clean it, load it back, then the advantages are obvious.
If only water is pumped into the trunk, then, firstly, it will be absorbed into the soil. When working on sandstones, it is very intensive, so even large reserves of it may not be enough. Secondly, the liquid will begin to partially destroy the walls of the pit.
It is more expedient to pump in a clay solution, which is easy to prepare with an electric drill and a butterfly nozzle (about 185 - 205 rubles; sold in any specialized store). By consistency, it should resemble kefir. Such preparation gives a double effect - the walls are strengthened, and the fluid flow is reduced.
The soil is heterogeneous over the entire depth, and in the process of sinking, the tool encounters its various layers. Based on their composition, the "recipe" of the technological solution should be adjusted.
It should not be forgotten that reaching the aquifer is not yet the “crown” of all work. After drilling is completed, it is necessary to produce the so-called "buildup" of the well,.
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