Surface pumps for wells allow pumping water from a small depth, which is important for owners country houses and summer cottages.
We will talk about the features and main characteristics of these devices, and demonstrate how a surface pump is installed in a well.
Surface pump
Purpose and Device
Surface pumps work on the principle of water suction by creating a vacuum at the end of the suction hose, lowered by the other end into the water. So, there is a difference in pressure at different ends of the hose, and with full vacuum at the suction, it will be the value of atmospheric pressure, in other words, about 760 mm of mercury.
If we replace the mercury column with a water column, then the height for the column will be 10.3 meters, which means that with a complete vacuum on the suction side, the water can rise no more than 10.3 meters.
Taking into account the losses due to friction of water against the pipe walls and incomplete vacuum in the system, the high water lifting height for the pump will be no more than 9 meters, and suddenly take into account the horizontal part of the suction pipe, it turns out that the real working height will be 7 - 8 meters.
Note! When calculating the parameters, take into account the distance from the well of the surface pump. The following formula would be appropriate here: Y = 4(8-X), where Y is the length of the horizontal part of the pipe, X is the suction height. In other words, four meters of the horizontal part is equivalent to one meter of elevation.
Note! From the above calculation, it is possible to conclude that the surface pump is recommended for lifting water to a height of up to 8 meters. This allows the use of this device for water intake from open reservoirs, surface wells and sand wells.
By design, external pumps are divided into three main types:
- Vortex. The most compact and inexpensive devices capable of creating high pressure in the system, but they have a low efficiency - no more than 45%. They are mainly used for pumping and watering water from flooded premises, but low efficiency and low reliability do not allow this type of equipment to be recommended as a permanent unit for autonomous system water supply;
- Centrifugal. More expensive and high-quality devices that create, although less than vortex ones, but fully sufficient pressure to ensure the operation of the water supply system. They have a high efficiency factor - up to 92% - with sufficient reliability for continuous use, which allows the use this species equipment in the operation of pumping stations for water supply;
- Ejector. They have two water circulation circuits: in the first circuit, the liquid is supplied to the ejector nozzle, where, due to the Bernoulli result, a pressure difference is created and from environment- the second circuit - water is sucked in. This solution allows you to lower the ejector to a depth and solve the issue of suction lift limitation, but this moment for these purposes, more effective submersible units, whose price / quality ratio is higher.
As you can see, centrifugal pump designs were the most practical, so we will dwell on them in more detail.
The centrifugal unit is arranged quite easily:
- Two disks are rigidly fixed on the gearbox drive shaft, in the center of one of which there is a hole;
- The hole communicates with the interdisk space, where inclined plates are soldered, creating channels from the center of the space to its edges, which are connected to a collector tank (diffuser) that communicates with the supply hose;
- A suction hose is connected to the hole in the center of the disc;
- If the suction hose and the inter-disc space are filled with liquid and the gearbox drive is set in motion, then the blades inclined in the opposite direction to rotation will begin to push water from the center to the edges of the space between the disks due to centrifugal force;
- As a result, a rarefaction will be created near the center of the wheel and the suction hole, and not far from the edges and the diffuser connected to the discharge hose - the area high blood pressure;
- Under these conditions, the system will tend to equilibrium, and water will be pushed out by pressure from storage capacity at the edge of the wheel into the discharge hose, along with this, a vacuum will appear in the center of the wheel, and liquid from the suction hose will rush in that direction under the action of atmospheric pressure.
As a result, a constant circulation is created and water is pumped from one point to another, which was what was required to be achieved. But to work in the system autonomous water supply at home from the well, the surface unit is not used independently, but the so-called pumping station is assembled, which is discussed in more detail in the next paragraph.
Pumping station
For normal work surface pump as part of the water supply system of a residential building, it is connected to the storage tank and the system automatic control inclusion. This is necessary to reduce the number of unit starts per unit of time.
The fact is that when the power is turned on, peak values \u200b\u200bof the magnitude of the current strength appear on the motor winding, which are called starting currents. These currents cause a destructive effect on the device, therefore, from the standpoint of the working life of the electric motor, it is much better for it to work with the smallest number of start-up cycles.
Otherwise, permanent job the pump is not needed and is unprofitable economically, since it consumes a large number of energy and empties the well. Of course, it is necessary to create a certain supply of pressure and water in the system, which will cover the constant switching on and off of plumbing fixtures and taps, and only when this pressure drops below certain values, the pump will turn on and restore the supply.
Accordingly, when a certain peak pressure in the storage tank is reached, the pump will automatically turn off.
So we approached the device pumping station, and its main parts are:
Note! With a sufficient volume of the storage receiver, the system will rarely turn on the pump, which will significantly extend its operation life, and extend the life of the motor starters and terminal blocks. In addition, peak pressure values \u200b\u200band characteristic water hammers will not appear in the water supply system, which will secure pipe connections and valves.
Connecting a pumping station to a well
If you are going to connect a surface pump to the well with your own hands, our step-by-step instructions will help you:
- The pumping station (or separately the pump) is installed on a solid fixed base and the legs are fixed with bolts or anchors. Under the installation, it is advised to lay a rubber mat to reduce the vibration activity of the device;
- The outlet (supply) of the pump is connected to the inch outlet of the five-outlet fitting with a hose or directly;
- The accumulator tank is also connected to the inch outlet of the fitting by means of a soft hose or directly;
- The remaining inch hole of the fitting is connected to the pipe internal plumbing at home;
- To the hole? inches, a pressure gauge is screwed on the fitting;
- The pressure switch is connected to the remaining unoccupied last hole of the fitting;
- The suction port of the pump is connected to the intake pipe;
- The end of the intake pipe is supplied with a filter and a non-return valve for rough water purification and lowered into the well (the distance to the bottom is at least a meter);
- The pump power cord is connected to the normally open terminals of the pressure switch, and the relay itself is connected to a 220 V power outlet;
- The working space of the pump is filled with water through a special hole in the housing and the start of the device is created;
- The taps in the house are closed and waiting for the tank to be filled. At the time when the tank was filled and the pump turned off, the cut-off pressure is measured on the pressure gauge;
- After that, the taps are unlocked and the water is drained until the pump turns on again. The switch-on pressure is detected;
- Finally, the obtained pressure values \u200b\u200bare compared with the passport data of the receiver and, if necessary, adjust the pressure switch.
Note! All joints of the fitting with pipes should be provided with couplings with union nuts, and ball valves should be inserted between the tank and the fitting, as well as between the water pipe and the fitting.
Conclusion
Surface pumps are widely used in autonomous water supply systems for supplying water from wells and shallow wells. Through our management, you will be able to independently connect and set up a water delivery system from a well or other source. It is possible to study the issue in more depth through the video in this article.
Surface pumps are characterized by small size, easy maintenance, relatively low cost and economical power consumption. Installing a surface pump on your own is much easier than installing a deep one. However, success is guaranteed only if the manufacturer's instructions and the recommendations of experts are strictly followed.
On sale there are two types of surface electric pumps: vortex and centrifugal.
- Whirlpools provide an uninterrupted supply of water with increasing pressure, they are used for watering gardens and quickly pumping out the contents of wells and barrels. Vortex-type devices are sensitive to debris - they should not be used in polluted water bodies.
- Centrifugal pumps are different high efficiency and are suitable for the organization of water supply on an ongoing basis. Self-priming models are not afraid of air congestion and the formation of air bubbles in the system.
Electrical appliances for pumping water can also be divided into stationary and portable. Stationary models are installed in water supply systems, while mobile ones are used for watering and draining flooded cellars and basements.
Connecting a surface pump to a well or well
Important! Installation of a surface pump is possible only in wells and wells with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Deeper shafts require a submersible tool.
The easiest way is to connect mobile equipment to a country well, which is used exclusively for irrigation. It is more difficult to connect a stationary pumping station to an autonomous water supply system. This will be discussed further.
In addition to the electric pump, to connect it to plumbing system at home you must have:
- inlet and outlet pipes or rigid hoses with a cross section of 32 or 25 mm, the length of the pipe is calculated so that the lower end is immersed in water by at least 30 cm, while total length must not exceed the size specified in the passport for the device;
- connecting fittings;
- storage tank volume of 30-60 liters;
- flexible hoses for connecting the tank to the pump;
- five-pin adapter for the second output;
- pressure switch;
- manometer.
In order to reduce the number of starts, a self-priming surface pump is recommended to be connected to a storage tank and an automatic activation control system. The storage tank also acts as a hydraulic accumulator that regulates the pressure in the pressure system and protects it from water hammer.
Many manufacturers produce ready-made pumping stations, which include everything necessary equipment. If a separate device was purchased, the missing components will have to be purchased separately.
Surface pumps are always mounted on land - in no case should water enter the device case. Ideally, the electric pump should be mounted as close as possible to the well or well. The room should be dry, relatively warm (with a positive temperature) and well ventilated. It is possible to install a pumping station in the basement, but in this case you will have to put up with constant noise.
To place the device near the well, small buildings are built or the equipment is placed in underground caissons - concrete, plastic or metal insulated structures with ventilation, equipped around casing pipe wells. Caissons are built below the freezing level of the soil. Water pipes in this case, the house is laid in a trench, also dug in non-freezing layers of soil.
Instructions for connecting to autonomous water supply
This step by step description how to properly install a surface pump in an autonomous water supply system, relevant for all types pumping equipment. Failure to do so may result in damage and accidents.
- Before connecting the surface pump to the water supply system, it is fixed on a fixed base with bolts. To neutralize vibrations, it is recommended to use a rubber mat or special nozzles on the legs as a gasket.
- A hose is connected to the outlet, to the other side of which a check valve and a coarse filter are attached, sealing the connections with a special tape or flax.
- Outgoing pipes leading to the water supply are connected to the second outlet, located in the upper part of the housing.
- The non-return valve is immersed in water, providing a slight slope in the pipe or hose line from the valve to the pump.
- On the next step the system is filled with water through the outlet or filler plug. It is important to bleed all the air out of the system!
- Next, connect the pressure part with wiring around the house. At this stage, the filler hole is closed and the pressure in the accumulator (tank) is checked. If the pressure does not correspond to that specified in the instructions, it should be increased (topped up with a pump) or lowered (lowered).
- Having clearly completed all the steps, the electrical equipment is plugged into the outlet and started. The switched on pump must start working and fill the system and the accumulator with water.
- Turning off the engine indicates that the pressure in the system has reached a maximum (from 1.5 to 3 atmospheres).
- Now you can open the tap and make sure that the installation is working.
- If, when the valve is open, the pressure does not correspond to the parameters prescribed in the instructions, it is necessary to adjust the operation of the relay.
Installation features for other water supply systems
Even after reading the recommendations on how to properly install a surface self-priming pump in a well or well, it may be difficult to connect equipment to other sources. These tips will come in handy for those who are going to automate the supply of water from a column or storage barrel.
It is not too late to think about how to connect a surface pump to a column, even after installing a manual pump. It is recommended not to dismantle manual control, and supplement it with automation.
For both devices to work, you need to cut under the column check valve, install a tee with a check valve and connect the electric pump through a rigid pipe. It is better to replace the check valve on the column or install another one on the tee to prevent air from being sucked from the side of the column. A ball valve is inserted between the hand pump and the nozzle.
The principle of operation of the combined column is simple: first, the column is raised above the ball valve with a hand pump, then it is closed and the electric pump is started. It is important that there is always water in the “glass” of the column; if necessary, it must be added.
Irrigation barrels help out in summer cottages and suburban areas, and the use of a pump greatly simplifies the hard work of a gardener. The electric pump not only automatically supplies water, but also creates the necessary pressure. It is not difficult to find inexpensive simplified equipment for barrels and advanced automatic garden models working with micro-drip irrigation systems.
Before connecting the surface pump to the barrel, it is necessary to attach hoses for water intake and irrigation to the device. Rubber hoses are not suitable for this purpose - they will simply shrink from the pressure of the water and will not be able to perform their task. The device is installed on the ground, as close as possible to the tank. Only hoses are lowered into the water - the body of the device must remain out of reach of splashes. After completion, the pump is stored in a dry place.
Especially for summer residents, they came up with compact barrel models - they are installed on the edge of a container of water. These convenient devices are equipped with filters and pressure regulators. There are almost always hoses in the kit.
Detailed video instruction for installing a surface pump
Understanding the operation of irrigation devices is not difficult, but to self-assembly a surface pump for water supply at home can only be started after carefully studying the manufacturer's instructions. If it contains a lot of incomprehensible information, it’s not worth the risk, it’s better to entrust this complex process to professionals.
To choose best option pump for water intake, the owners of summer cottages have to take into account many factors. Agree, you don’t want to be in a situation where, after acquiring expensive equipment, it turns out that its performance is not enough.
We will help resolve this issue. We will tell you by what criteria we select surface pumps for summer cottages. Here you will learn how the pumping unit is connected, what equipment will be required if you decide to automate the pumping of water from a well or a well.
This article describes in detail design features surface pumps and specifics of operation. The material is accompanied by thematic photographs and videos that will help you do everything right.
Surface pumps, as the name implies, are installed on the surface. These are relatively inexpensive and quite reliable devices, although they are not suitable for very deep wells.
Storage tank system
As an alternative to a hydraulic accumulator, you can consider a conventional tank, for example, made of plastic. It can be any suitable container that will provide the family's water needs. Typically, such a storage tank is installed as high as possible to ensure sufficient water pressure in the house's plumbing system.
In this case, it must be borne in mind that the load on the walls and ceilings will increase. For calculations, one should remember not only the weight of the accumulated liquid (the weight of water in a tank of 200 liters will, of course, be 200 kg).
You need to take into account the weight of the tank itself. Cumulative weight correlate with bearing capacity at home. If in this respect there are doubts, it is better to seek the advice of an experienced engineer.
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A boiler room is considered a convenient place to install a surface pump: usually good sound and heat insulation has already been arranged in this room
The ideal place is considered to be a boiler room, already landscaped for work. heating equipment. Pumping stations are also installed in the basement of a residential building, but such a room will have to be carefully prepared: insulated and provided with heating to prevent water from freezing, etc.
You can put the station inside the well, but this will cause an additional problem. For adjustment, the equipment will have to be taken to the surface. The readings obtained while the pump is running on the surface may change when it is lowered down. This makes it difficult to adjust the pressure switch.
Prefers the well itself most of owners of agricultural areas as a source of water for equipment and self-organization. What type of pump is most suitable in this case and according to what aspects to make a choice - this is the only one of the main problems that we have to solve! We will select an option and find out what is the best surface pump for a well.
Initially, we need to understand the specifics of using this type of equipment, and we also need to point out some useful character traits similar products.
How to connect a surface pump to a well - characteristics and various models
Water is pumped by suction through a hose absorbed into the water, with further supply to the place of water intake. The operation of these devices is different from each other. Common features: versatility in use.
Firstly, it greatly simplifies the visual supervision of the functioning, periodic services (in some models it is taken into account) and, if necessary, maintenance. Secondly, if the product is determined at a place where year-round is not required (for example, a summer cottage), in this case it is easy to dismantle and move it into the house, up to the next year. Nor will we offer any type of shallow pump or distribute certain models. Each person decides for himself, in accordance with the criteria for the operation of the product. However, in order for the selection to be correct, it is necessary to understand something about such devices. But still, let's clarify - for a pump well horizontal view only vertical ones are used, since the direction of water movement is up.
Types of pumps. Well construction with a surface pump
Centrifugal surface pump
Surface pumps are constantly installed on land - in no case should water get into the block housing of the device. Ideally, the pump must be installed as close as possible to the well or to. The accommodation must be dry, relatively hot (with a positive temperature) and well ventilated.
Now it is allowed to open the tap and make sure that the structure is working. When, with the valve open, the pressure does not meet the characteristics written in the instructions, the operation of the relay should be adjusted.
Installation features for other water supply structures
Even after reading the advice on how to correctly identify a shallow self-priming pump in a well or, difficulties may arise when turning on equipment to other keys. These recommendations will be needed for someone who plans to automate the supply of water from a column or a storage barrel.
Connecting an electric pump to a column, it is worth thinking about how to connect a shallow pump to a column, it is not too late, including later the design of a manual pump. It is recommended not to disassemble the manual control, but to fill it with automation. In order for both machines to function, it is necessary to cut under the back valve of the dispenser, identify the part with the check valve and connect the pump through iron pipe. It is more correct to change the opposite valve on the column or install one on the tee to prevent air from being sucked from the edge of the column. A spherical rectifier is cut between the hand pump and the nozzle.
The rule of operation of the combined column is elementary: first, a column is raised with a hand pump more than a spherical valve, then it is blocked and the pump is started. It is essential that there is always water in the “glass” of the column; if necessary, it must be added by all means.
Surface pump for water got its name from the method of installation. hallmark and the advantage of this type of pump is that it is located on the surface, only the intake hose is lowered into the water.
A big plus of the pump is the ease of installation and maintenance, at the same time, the pump’s disadvantages include a small (up to 10 meters) suction depth.
In other words, the pump can lift water from the tank at a depth of no more than 10 meters. This type of pump is often used in pump station equipment.
This limitation defines the scope. The pump is ideal for giving, and will also show itself well in supplying the cottage with water from a well or well.
Due to their characteristics, pumps are widely used for pumping water from tanks, for example, for filling or draining water from a pool, pumping water from a flooded basement, etc.
The surface centrifugal pump for the well is especially popular with most homeowners. Indeed, unlike a submersible well pump, a surface pump is easier to install and much more convenient to maintain. With the help of such a pump, it is possible not only to pump water, but also to create optimal pressure in the water supply system.
Surface pumps for wells are designed for relatively shallow depths, about 8-9 meters, which can be increased by installing an ejector.
The ejector in the pump is a special building block that is necessary for more efficient fluid supply. The principle of operation of the ejector in the pump is based on the creation of a rarefaction (vacuum) zone inside the housing, where water rises.
Surface water pumps for wells are not designed to pump liquid even with minimal contamination. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the electric motor of most units is not protected against water and must be operated under load. So if the pump does not have a self-priming effect, there should always be water in it.
To start the pump, a hose is connected to it. A check valve is mounted on the other end of the hose and the entire structure is lowered into the well. Special attention should be given tightness check valve, in case of depressurization, the pump will stop working.
Surface self-priming pump for a well
The self-priming surface pump pumps water while on the surface. For the operation of such a pump at the time of start-up, it does not have to be filled with water. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the body, due to the movement of wheels with blades, a low pressure area is created. Trying to fill this area, the water rises up creating a suction effect.
While on the surface, the pump is connected to a source of special fittings - a pipe immersed in water below the dynamic liquid level of a well or well. On the injection pipe self-priming pump you can install a special unit - an ejector.
The ejector increases the degree of vacuum at the end of the suction pipe, thanks to which it is possible to raise water from a much greater depth - about 15 meters.
A surface self-priming pump with an installed ejector is quite noisy, so it is advisable to place such a unit away from living quarters. At present, it has become possible to use equipment with a remote ejector; such pumps operate almost silently, but with a significantly reduced performance.
Surface pump for dirty water this is another of its most common uses. These pumps are mostly used for:
drainage basements in residential buildings;
drainage of basements and cellars in the private sector;
pumping out dirty water from drainage, storage and sewer wells;
drainage of fountains, pools, artificial reservoirs or ponds;
drainage of pits construction sites;
application on industrial facilities for pumping wastewater.
The surface circulation pump for dirty water is used for pumping out drains from rooms, tanks, capacities and reservoirs with dirty water with a particle size of not more than 15 millimeters. In addition, specialized models of surface pumps for dirty water are capable of pumping a medium with the presence of chemically non-aggressive substances, in relation to the materials from which the pump parts are made.
The surface pump can be stationary or mobile. In the first option, the pump is mounted for permanent or frequent use. For example, for pumping storm drains or for watering a garden
In the second case, the mobile movement of the pump is assumed. Such models are designed portable or equipped with special wheels for transportation and are used in rare or emergency cases, for example, draining the pool or pumping water from the cellar.
The household surface pump for dirty water is divided into fecal and drainage.
Surface drainage pumps are used in the case of pumping water from pits or basements - where the liquid is not too heavily polluted.
Surface fecal pumps are applied when it is necessary to pump out strongly polluted liquid. Such equipment is equipped with special cutting devices for grinding large contaminants.
Types of construction of surface pumps
Any constructively consists of three blocks:
Pump motor
Hydraulic block, the place where fluid is forced into the pipe
Pump control, the block in which the pump controls are located.
Surface pumps have a simple design and consist of a shaft on which an impeller with blades is fixed and an electric motor that turns the shaft. This whole system is located inside the body, fixed on the frame. A strainer is attached to the suction pipeline, located in the tank from which the pump pumps water, to retain sand and other suspensions.
All pumps are divided into 2 types: vortex and centrifugal.
Surface vortex pump
This species has less power and is able to work only at shallow depths. Often it is used in the event that the water pressure is insufficient. The surface vortex pump is able to increase the pressure several times. The advantages of the equipment include, first of all, the simplicity of the design (and hence the ease of care and maintenance) and the relatively low cost (unlike other types of similar equipment).
The disadvantages of a vortex pump include a low efficiency, about 45%, as well as sensitivity to solid inclusions in the pumped water (for example, sand), which quickly leads to breakage of the impeller blade. Concerning vortex pumps not suitable for pumping water from wells and tanks with a silty and sandy bottom.
Centrifugal pumps
This type of surface pumps will come in handy, by the way, if you need a more powerful and efficient equipment. Such a pump has a much higher efficiency and is suitable for pumping water from a pond or a shallow well (approximately 10 m). An ejector (external or built-in) is additionally used to increase the suction depth.
Advantages centrifugal pumps – small size and weight, the ability to work in the presence in the pipeline air locks, the ability to self-suction. In the vast majority of cases, they are used to provide water to a private house or cottage and / or draw water from shallow wells.
The surface multistage pump is another modification of the centrifugal unit. It is equipped with several impellers and is able to show great importance pressure at the required flow.
How to choose a surface pump
Surface pumps are selected based on two characteristics:
Consumption pump determines the amount of water you need. For a family of three, the average use of a shower/bath is about 10 liters per minute, a kitchen faucet 7 liters per minute, a toilet 5 liters per minute, the maximum flow will be 22 liters per minute. For a family of four, with the same needs, an average of 30 liters per minute is required, i.e. 1.8 m 3 /hour.
Head. For calculation required pressure adds up the height of the house in meters and the backwater of 5 meters, then multiply by a margin of 15%. Let's say the height of the house is 10 meters, then you need a pump with a pressure of (10 + 5) * 1.15 of at least 16 meters.
Having decided on the choice of a particular model, it is necessary to provide for the place of its work. If it is a garden surface pump for irrigation, which is installed for only a couple of hours, then a flat area near the source is suitable for its installation.
If you have chosen a surface pump for supplying water from a well, then you will also need to take into account the temperature at the installation site - such equipment must be placed indoors.
Where to buy a surface pump
Manufacturers of modern pumps.
There are quite a few manufacturers on the modern pump market today. The most popular, reliable and high-quality pumps are Wilo, Grundfos, DAB, Whirlwind and Gileks Jumbo.
In our catalog, we have prepared the best surface pumps that you can easily select according to such parameters as pressure, flow, price, power, trademark and etc.
Video: spare parts and repair of a surface pump.
Sooner or later, any technology wears out. Each manufacturer in technical documentation to his product indicates the service life, as well as a list possible faults and troubleshooting methods.
In conditions open market it will not be difficult for any owner to carry out repairs and find the necessary spare parts for a surface pump.
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