Autonomous water supply to a summer house or a private house is no longer a luxury, but an obvious need. After all, using a well, carrying water in buckets, is not the best way out.
If it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, you will have to organize the system yourself.
1 Scheme for creating an autonomous water supply system
Now many owners of private houses can boast of the experience of organizing the supply of cold and hot water for personal needs. Typically, a water supply scheme (hot or cold - it doesn’t matter, in principle) includes the following components:
- source (it can be or );
- water supply device;
- cleaning system;
- hydraulic accumulator;
- external and internal water pipes;
- plumbing fixtures.
If hot water is needed, a water heater or boiler can be used, depending on the scheme chosen and the equipment available.
Autonomous water supply of a private house is organized from the search for a suitable source. As a rule, you have to choose from three options:
- well;
- artesian well;
- sand well.
The least expensive, while the simplest option is a well. However, this solution has two drawbacks: the questionable purity of water and its small amount. Well owners are well aware of the problems: the corpses of small animals, garbage, melt water that has penetrated into the ground with runoff. Although, it is easier, for example, than a well. After all, it is also subject to pollution.
And if for two people a day the volume of water in the well may be enough, then a family with children, and even with the need for private irrigation of the soil, is unlikely to be provided with water properly. Indeed, according to experts, for a small family of four, about 1,500 liters of liquid are required daily, and the lion's share of this volume is for hot water supply.
2 The principle of operation of the system and its individual components
In order for water to rise from the source, to be supplied to the system, a pump is required. To choose it, you should understand from what depth the water supply scheme will be organized. An important characteristic of the pump is its performance. The electrical cable is laid to the device by underground or air method.
Autonomous control ensures uninterrupted operation and monitoring of pressure indicators in the system. is responsible for turning the pump unit on and off.
The control system also controls the presence of water in the source, the appearance of an emergency in the water supply. And the indicators of the monitoring system show how the pump works during mains voltage fluctuations.
Additionally, the water supply system is supplemented by a hydraulic accumulator, which maintains the desired pressure level. The presence of such a device in the system reduces the number of pump starts, which means that productivity increases significantly. possible in the well, on the ground floor or in the basement of the house.
The use of such a container is relevant for both hot and cold water supply, as well as for heating systems.
The disadvantage of such an organization is that the system depends on the constant availability of electricity.
A more reliable water supply scheme is with the existing water pressure tank. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out on the second floor or attic of the building. The material for the manufacture of the container is plastic or stainless steel. The volume of the tank is 50-300 liters.
The make-up of the tank must be automated so that the system functions continuously. In this case, the house can be provided with hot water.
3 How to install a water supply system?
Before embarking on any actions with your own hands, you need to decide what the scheme for organizing cold and hot water supply will be, taking into account the above recommendations. After that, you should take care of the availability of the necessary materials, tools and equipment with the required characteristics.
To drill a well, you need to involve specialists with the necessary equipment and experience.
To organize a water supply system (hot or cold) with your own hands, you can use pipes made of different materials. The water supply should be laid at a depth that exceeds the soil freezing index. Otherwise, you will have to use thermal insulation materials or special heating so that the water in the system does not freeze.
To improve the comfort of staying in a private house, it is recommended to organize a hot water supply system with your own hands.
In order for the scheme to function effectively, it will be required (to summarize the above):
- the pump that is optimal in terms of performance or, which will cope with the lifting and transportation of water from the well;
- a large volume of a hydraulic accumulator or water tank (so that the system has some kind of water supply);
- dry run protection.
Be sure to install a filter or check valve in front of the pump. After the pump, a do-it-yourself pressure gauge and pressure switch are installed.
The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the domestic water supply system. If a submersible pump is used, it is controlled by a float switch located in the storage tank.
If the pumping station is installed on the surface in the immediate vicinity of the well, a special container is used for this - a caisson. The pipe is dug to a depth of 2.5 m. In this case, the diameter of the pit should be twice the size of the caisson.
Then you need to dig a trench for the water pipe at a depth of 1.8-2 m. A pump is installed in the caisson and connected to the borehole pipe. Next, the container is poured along the contour with concrete. Layer approximately 40 cm.
When the concrete dries, the space is filled with sand-cement mortar. There should be about 50 cm of free space, which should then be filled with soil.
When all devices are connected, the necessary settings are set, you can proceed to testing - in practice, check whether the plumbing circuit is functioning correctly. During process control, the connections should be checked for leaks.
If you have doubts about your strengths and capabilities regarding the organization of water supply in the house with your own hands, you should contact the experts. And let this procedure cost more, personal time and effort will be spent a minimum, and the quality of the result will be at its best.
3.1 How to make a water supply system for a private house? (video)
Allows you to organize an uninterrupted intake of drinking water from an underground source, regardless of the state of the central system. Consumption rates, delivery schedule and conditions of use are determined by the owner of the dwelling.
The general scheme of the water supply device of a private house based on a well.
What is autonomous water supply of a private house
The lack of public water supply on the territory of a suburban area forces residents to look for alternative sources of water supply. To do this, geological studies of the site are carried out and, based on the results obtained, a technology and a method for solving the problem are selected. The most popular options for arranging a household and drinking autonomous water supply system are a well or a well.
A well is an artificial working of a circular cross section, designed to lift water from low-lying horizons. For these purposes, the structure is equipped with a submersible or pumping resource from aquifers to consumption points.
Well - a reservoir of a larger diameter than a well, equipped with special mechanisms for raising water manually (gate, "crane", etc.).
In addition to underground sources, an autonomous water supply system requires a set of pumping equipment, external and internal pipelines, as well as household plumbing fixtures.
The main parts of the autonomous water supply system of a private house
In the standard version, the water intake and resource supply scheme consists of the following elements:
- well or well;
- water-lifting equipment with a set of automation;
- hydropneumatic tanks or storage tanks;
- supply line;
- internal networks: water supply, control and shut-off valves.
Diagram of a water supply system using a borehole pump and a membrane tank.
List of work to be done:
- Drill and equip the working.
- Install a caisson or revision well.
- Select and install pump.
- Connect an automatic water control and supply system.
- Supply the well with a mechanical filter.
- Lay pressure pipes.
- Complete the system with a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank.
- Perform installation of external and internal sewerage systems.
- Connect household appliances.
Source of water supply
Underground sources are used for autonomous water supply equipment. Water can be supplied from open storage facilities, springs, wells or wells.
The choice of the type of development for water supply must be made taking into account the depth of the pressure horizons and the conditions for their replenishment. The water intake point must be located in a sanitary-friendly place, excluding water pollution by industrial or domestic wastewater.
Depending on the depth, quality and thickness of the aquifer, underground resources can be divided into 3 categories:
- top water;
- ground;
- artesian.
Verkhovodka is located at a shallow depth (no more than 5-8 m). It consists of precipitation that accumulates in small depressions and periodically seeps into the soil, forming. The thickness of such a reservoir is relatively low and depends on the climatic conditions of the region.
In the process of filtration, perch water accumulates various organic and mineral impurities rich in harmful microorganisms. Such water is not suitable for cooking and is intended only for irrigation, sewage systems and other household needs.
Ground water is located at a depth of 10 to 40 m between two solid layers consisting of dense loams or pressed sandstones. There are reserves of such water everywhere. An example of a sandy well is a driven "Abyssinian" well.
The most reliable capital source is that which is drilled to a depth of 30-250 m.
Such a well has many advantages:
- Unlimited volume of liquid and its high quality.
- Long terms of operation.
- Constant water temperature.
- Impossibility of biological and other pollution.
Equipment and materials
For the installation of water supply networks, the following materials are needed:
- for a well;
- steel or plastic profiles for laying highways;
- connecting elements;
- stop valves;
- sand;
- crushed stone;
- well cement.
The casing string is an obligatory part of the working design. It serves to create the wellhead and protect it from shedding soil from the walls of the working.
Plumbing is mounted from steel or plastic pipes. All standard products are designed for the transportation of liquids in water supply systems with an operating pressure of up to 0.6 MPa, so the choice of material for pipelines depends only on economic calculations, work conditions and the wishes of the developer.
Connecting elements for water supply networks (fittings) are made of non-ferrous alloys or polymer composites of the same diameter as standard profiles.
Shut-off valves are used to shut off and regulate the flow rate of the liquid. The materials used for the manufacture of parts are steel, cast iron and non-ferrous alloys. For pipelines with a diameter of up to 50 mm, plug and ball valves are used. For larger pipelines, it is recommended to install cast iron or steel gate valves.
Sand, crushed stone and cement are needed for the preparation of a concrete mixture used in the installation of a caisson or manhole. Well cement is intended for the production of solutions used to seal the walls of the mine when installing casing pipes.
Depending on the project, the pumping station can be located both in a specially equipped room and in a caisson well.
Equipment necessary for the functioning of an autonomous water supply system:
- pump or pumping station;
- filter;
- hydraulic tank;
- pressure switch;
- mixing taps;
- household plumbing fixtures.
Pumps according to the method of placement are submersible and surface.
According to the principle of operation of the injection mechanism, they can be:
- screw;
- centrifugal;
- vibration.
For stable operation of the water intake and supply system, it must be equipped with additional equipment:
- regulating and control-measuring devices;
- expansion or storage tank.
This will not be necessary when purchasing and installing a pumping station, which is supplied with all the necessary devices, including a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch with factory-set parameters for trouble-free operation.
How to create your own plumbing: various options
A hydraulic accumulator or hydraulic tank is used in the water supply system of private houses to maintain a constant pressure in the system.
There are 2 types of systems designed for autonomous water supply:
- With expansion tank.
- With storage capacity.
A typical scheme for extracting a resource from a well provides for the use of submersible or surface pumps without storage tanks. After the pumping mechanism, a system of pressure pipelines is connected, which is connected through the main valve to the internal consumption line.
In this configuration, the power of the unit will not be enough to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water in a permanent residence. These mechanisms are designed to supply water to storage tanks, and not to create pressure with a variable flow rate.
To stabilize the pressure and increase the volume of resource consumption, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator in the system. It consists of a metal case, a rubber elastic membrane and some air located outside the expanding chamber. The pressure switch on the supply line alternates the start-up cycles of pumping equipment and regulates the force of water pressure in the system. Automation is triggered when the pressure drops to the minimum predetermined level.
The most rational way to install an autonomous water supply from an underground source is to install a storage tank on the supply line. The tank is mounted at the highest point of the pipeline, under the roof. The storage tank is a steel or plastic chamber with a float valve that reacts to the volume of liquid in the tank. To maintain a given pressure of water flowing from the tank by gravity, a booster pump is installed after the tank.
Both methods of arranging an individual water supply system can be combined by placing a station with a hydraulic accumulator near the well, and placing a storage tank with a booster unit under the roof.
Calculations of the water supply system
The main purpose of the calculation is to determine the maximum volume of water sufficient to meet the needs of a residential building. Based on the data obtained, the selection of pumping equipment is carried out. Devices must ensure proper pressure in the system and uninterruptedly supply the required amount of water.
Calculations must begin with the establishment, it is indicated in the source passport. If there is no document, then the debit can be determined by lowering the cord with a small load into the hole. The height of the liquid column (static level) multiplied by the diameter of the pit will indicate the volume available.
In the same way, the actual working depth (lift height) can be determined. This value will be needed when choosing the pump power.
To determine the estimated volume of water, you need to count the number of household appliances and mixing fittings in the house. Then you need to use SNiP 2.04.01-85, which indicates the consumption rates for each device. Multiply the data indicated in the document by the number of devices and add the resulting values.
Based on the studies carried out, taking into account the depth of the well and the distance to the highest point of consumption in the house, it is possible to select the pump power and determine what equipment is needed for the water supply system.
Stages of work on the supply of water from the well
For the installation of an autonomous water supply system, first of all, it is necessary to conduct geological surveys of the site, determine the availability and quality of drinking water, as well as the depth of the resource.
After that, you can begin to work on the device of your own water supply system:
- Drill and equip a well.
- Dig a pit for a manhole and dig trenches for laying pipes.
- Install the caisson and pumping equipment.
- Mount the external highway and bring it into the building.
- Connect the power supply to the pumping station.
- Connect the pumping unit to the pressure line.
- Perform internal wiring and mount plumbing fixtures.
- Turn on the device and check the operation of the system (pressure and tightness of connections).
- Perform backfilling of soil in the sinuses of the pit and trench.
Water supply to the house and installation of an external water supply network
The beginning of the laying of an external water supply provides that the developer already has a source of water supply, a set of necessary equipment and materials, and a diagram of the supply line from the well to the entrance to the building.
The caisson well provides access and protection for pumping equipment that supplies water through the main to the house.
Well and plastic caisson: installation procedure
To accommodate pumping equipment and protect the well head from climatic and atmospheric influences, the water supply source must be equipped with a manhole or a caisson chamber. You can build a tank from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements or buy.
Work sequence:
- Prepare a pit for the selected design.
- Compact the base with gravel-sand mixture.
- Install the formwork, lay the reinforcing mesh and pour the bottom of the tank with concrete.
- Install a prefabricated well or plastic container on the prepared site.
- Make waterproofing of the walls if a reinforced concrete tank is being installed, or insulate the structure if a plastic caisson is being installed.
- Perform backfilling of soil in the sinuses of the pit.
- Connect the outlet of the pumping unit to the supply line.
- Connect power supply.
Pump selection
The power of the pump directly depends on the number of residents in a particular building.
To select a well pump, the following information is required:
- drilling well depth;
- working diameter;
- static level and dynamic level of water in the well;
- well flow rate;
- distance from the source to the entrance to the building;
- house height (number of storeys);
- characteristics of the local power grid.
Basic data can be taken from .
Standard pumps are designed for installation in wells with a diameter of 74 and 100 mm. The distance to the earth's surface is equal to the immersion depth of the unit. The upper level of water intake can be calculated by multiplying the number of floors in the house by 3. According to the norms, the required pressure in the water supply system is 1.5-3.0 atm. 1 atmosphere is equal to 10 meters of water.
A family of 3-5 people consumes 3.5-4.5 m³ of liquid per hour, this value takes into account the simultaneous operation of all household appliances. Let's take the following values for an example of calculating the pressure force: a two-story house is at the same level as the well, the pump immersion depth is 50 m, the distance to the source is 30 m. Taking into account the correction for friction - 10-20%, we get: 50 + 6 + 30 + 15% = 99 m.
Based on the calculations, we can conclude that we need a unit with a capacity of 3.5 m³ / h, capable of creating pressure in the system up to 3.0 atm and raising water to a height of up to 100 m.
Laying pipes of external water supply
When laying a water main, both the level of soil freezing and the level of groundwater are taken into account.
To lay the supply line to a residential building in accordance with the external water supply scheme, the following work must be performed:
- carry out a geodetic leader of the route on the terrain;
- designate possible points of intersection of the line with underground utilities;
- prepare sand, pipes, fittings;
- dig a trench;
- mount and lay sections of the line on a prepared sandy base 100 mm high;
- connect the pressure line to the inlet valve inside the building;
- fill the hole and plan the site.
The bottom of the trench should be 40 cm below the level of soil freezing, the width of the trench should be 50 cm more than the outer diameter of the pipes used.
Internal network device
The water supply network of the building is designed to distribute the supplied resource between household appliances. Internal wiring lines should be as short as possible.
Pipes in residential buildings can be laid in an open and closed way. Risers are mounted in special shafts or lead along the walls of technical rooms.
The entry of the pipeline into the building is located on the lower floor of the house. The inlet consists of a shut-off valve and a tee for connecting the internal wiring. To protect the route from damage in the event of foundation settlement, a steel sleeve is installed between the pipe and the base, 3-5 cm larger than the diameter of the conduit.
If the building is equipped with a storage tank, then the water through the vertical riser first enters the tank installed under the roof of the building, and then diverges to consumers. To increase the pressure in the pipelines, an additional pump is installed after the tank.
All internal wiring must be carried out in accordance with a previously compiled water supply scheme, on which the installation points of all plumbing fixtures and water intake fittings are marked, indicating the actual distances between the connection points.
Popular schemes for the implementation of water supply
Autonomous water supply schemes depend on the purpose of using water and living conditions in the house. Based on these factors, the calculation of the water supply system is performed with the definition of the plan and method of supplying the resource.
Well or well up to 8 meters deep
If the cottage is not intended for permanent residence, and the water will be used only for irrigation, then it is enough to dig a shallow well or well. Such structures are designed for the intake of technical water from high-lying horizons (perched water). It can only be used for agricultural purposes and is not suitable for cooking.
A well or well with a depth of more than 8 meters
A well or well with a depth of more than 8 meters is intended for the extraction of drinking water from sandy and artesian sources. When installing pumping equipment, the workings can be used to supply water to a house in a permanent residence.
On the left - a tank with a pumping station, on the right - a tank with a gravity water supply.
Container with gravity water supply
The reservoir is a metal or plastic container suspended at the highest point on the resource supply line (under the roof). The chamber is equipped with a float valve that regulates the specified volume of water in the tank.
On the outlet pipe of the device, a shut-off valve or a gate valve with an electric drive is mounted. When the valve is opened, water flows by gravity into the system. The tank is filled with a downhole pump or a pumping complex installation.
Tank with pumping station
The storage tank complete with the station is used in case of low pressure in the central water supply system or insufficient well flow rate. The tank is installed in the basement of the house.
To supply water through internal pipelines, a pumping station with instrumentation and control equipment is installed at the outlet of the tank. When mixing taps are opened inside the premises, pumping equipment is started and water from the tank is supplied to consumers.
Plumbing in a private house is not a luxury, but the most urgent need. Only those who have never had to carry endless buckets of water from a public pump or the nearest well can disagree with this statement. If there is no way to connect to a centralized water supply, it remains to organize it yourself. Today we will give some professional tips on creating an autonomous water supply system.
How to create your own plumbing?
Fortunately, the experience of organizing water supply to private buildings today is quite rich. A typical water supply scheme for a private house includes elements such as:
- water source (well or well);
- a device for supplying water to the system (pump or pumping station);
- hydraulic accumulator;
- system of water pipes, external and internal;
- necessary plumbing fixtures.
If the organization of water heating for domestic needs is planned in the house, the boiler will also become part of the water supply scheme for the country house. Most often, these are double-circuit models, in which the functions of heating the house and heating tap water are separated. An alternative option would be an electric storage water heater.
Read also our material on the installation of plumbing in a private house:.
Where is the best place to get water?
The organization of autonomous water supply in a country house begins with the search for a suitable source of water. Usually homestead owners have three options for solving the problem:
- well;
- well "on the sand";
- artesian well.
A well is the simplest and least expensive design, but there is not much water in it, and its purity is in question. Pollution with meltwater, runoff that has penetrated into the ground, various garbage and even the corpses of small animals - these problems are well known to the owners of wells. It should be noted that it is still easier to clean a well than a well, which can also be contaminated.
The well "on the sand" allows you to get water from the aquifer, which lies relatively shallow - 10-30 meters from the surface. Water from such a well is extracted using a submersible pump. The water from the well "on the sand" usually comes in good enough quality, but the source must be properly looked after to prevent silting. Water from a "sandy" well usually needs additional filtration.
The maximum of excellent clean water can be obtained from an artesian well. This is the most expensive and time-consuming way to create a water source, since artesian water runs very deep. However, a pump for such a well is not required, and several houses, or even a whole settlement, can be provided with water at once.
Please note: It is imperative to do an analysis of water from an artesian well. Although it is usually very pure, it may contain an increased content of iron or other minerals. It is also worth remembering that artesian water has a rather high hardness.
The happy owners of an artesian source will have to deal with government agencies. Waters from deep horizons are classified as strategic reserves of the state, so the source must be registered with the relevant institutions without fail.
An interesting solution for the water supply system of a country house can be an Abyssinian well. The device of the Abyssinian well is relatively inexpensive, the work is carried out literally within a few hours, and you can install a compact Abyssinian well even in the basement of a private house.
How to deliver water to the house from a well or well?
For the owner of his own well, the most acceptable option for arranging water supply in a private house would be to use a pumping station. This system consists of a centrifugal pump, a hydraulic accumulator, an electric motor, a pressure switch, etc. With the help of a pumping station, you can set up automatic switching on and off of the pump so that there is always enough water in the hydraulic tank and at the same time it does not overflow.
When organizing the water supply of a private house with water from a well, you can use a pumping station or a pump complete with a tank in which a float water level sensor is installed
You will learn about the device and principle of operation of the accumulator in our next material:.
A properly adjusted pumping station allows you to get a sufficiently high water pressure in the system so that you can use, for example, a hydromassage shower or other benefits of civilization available to citizens.
For a pump or pumping station, a place is prepared in the house or a separate room is built. The pipe through which water will flow is lowered into the well. The edge of the pipe, covered with a mesh filter, is placed approximately 30-40 cm from the bottom. A special pin is mounted in the concrete bottom of the well, to which a water pipe is attached to fix its position.
The pumping station can be successfully placed in the basement of a private house. In this case, the noise from the operating device will not disturb the residents.
Please note: The water pipe is laid in a trench to a depth that exceeds the level of soil freezing. So that in winter the water in the pipe does not freeze, you need to take care of the appropriate insulation of the external water supply.
When choosing a pumping station, you should focus on the characteristics of the well. A standard pumping station can lift water from a depth of nine meters to a height of up to 40 meters. However, if the well is located at a sufficiently large distance from the house, it would be wiser to use a centrifugal self-priming pump equipped with an external ejector.
The pumping station allows you to organize autonomous water supply in a private house as efficiently as possible. At the same time, it is possible to provide the same good water pressure as in the city water supply.
Before the pump, you need to put a check valve and a coarse filter. The fine filter is placed after the pumping station. Then install a pressure gauge and pressure switch. The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the water supply system of the house.
Advice! After installing the pumping station, it is necessary to set up work to ensure the correct operation of the device.
Instead of a pumping station, you can use a submersible pump, the operation of which is controlled by a float sensor installed in the water storage tank.
In the same way, the water supply system of a private house is installed using water from a well. If the pumping station is installed in a separate warm room above the well, then the installation procedure is approximately the same as when organizing the delivery of water from a well.
When constructing a caisson over a well, it is necessary to dig a sufficiently spacious hole, concrete the bottom, install the caisson and properly fix it in the ground
However, it is possible to install a pumping station directly above the well, in a special container, which is called a caisson. For this you need:
- Dig the pipe to a depth of about 2.5 meters. The diameter of the pit should be twice the diameter of the caisson.
- Lay a layer of concrete at least 20 cm thick at the bottom.
- Install the caisson in the prepared hole.
- Cut the pipe so that it rises 50 cm above the edge of the caisson.
- Dig a trench for the water pipe. The depth of the pipes - 1.8-2 m.
- Install the pump in the caisson and connect it to the well pipe.
- Pour the caisson around the contour with a layer of concrete of about 40 cm.
- After the concrete has dried, fill the remaining space with a sand-cement mixture, not reaching the upper edge of the caisson by about 50 cm.
- Fill the remaining space with soil.
- Install a hydraulic accumulator with a pressure switch, pressure gauge and other devices in the living room.
- Connect all elements of the system, connect them to the power supply and to the internal plumbing system.
See also our material with step-by-step instructions for installing, connecting and starting a pumping station:.
After that, it remains only to check the performance of all elements of the water supply system, make sure that there are no leaks at the junctions, eliminate the identified shortcomings and enjoy your new water supply, the characteristics of which may turn out to be even better than in centralized city systems.
In order for the water supply system to be able to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering units. It is highly desirable to start development at the stage of an architectural project.
Bringing ideas to life and equipping the water supply of a private house with your own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has delved into all the subtleties.
We will help you understand the principles of operation of an autonomous system, designate the device of various sources of water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. Step-by-step instructions for arranging water supply are supplemented with visual images and video clips.
The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.
An autonomous network independent of the central water supply must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.
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Arrangement of capturing chambers when using a spring
The device of a protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also flow through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, filtration is not required.
If suspended particles are present in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment is used for settling and cleaning from sediment, the other for water intake.
To exit excess water at the highest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.
Equipment for automatic water supply
The choice of a method for arranging and installing a water supply system for a country house begins with an assessment of the type of water intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.
The automated system includes:
- pump or finished pumping station;
- filtration system for water purification;
- storage and control capacity;
- external and internal pipeline;
- devices for automatic control.
When installing tanks and pumps, the requirements of the equipment manufacturers must be strictly observed.
Regulating and storage tanks for water
Water storage tanks are distinguished according to the principle of operation:
- Non-pressure leaky tank. It is made mainly from polymeric materials. Helps create pressure by placing it at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the container for each meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
- hydropneumatic tank. Inside it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. It creates pressure thanks to compressed air in one compartment, which through a rubber membrane exerts pressure on water in an adjacent compartment.
A non-pressure tank is installed in a lighted ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Trays are installed under the tank to protect against small leaks. The tank is provided with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.
One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of switching on the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. For submersible pumps, the allowable interval between switching on is longer than for surface pumps. They are supposed to turn on less often, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.
To work in tandem with surface pumps, membrane tanks with a capacity of 12 to 24 liters are most often bought. If there are power outages in the settlement, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump in and store a reserve supply of water for some time.
Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.
In a system with a non-pressure storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor
Purification of tap water from impurities
When choosing water-lifting equipment, consider:
- Source flow rate. It should exceed the water consumption in the house.
- Type of intake structure and depth of the aquifer. For pumping out from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Pumping water from great depths is carried out by means of powerful submersible pumps.
- Required pressure in the system. The head of the pumping unit is determined by summing up the values (in meters): the height of the rise from the (dynamic) water level in the well to the highest plumbing fixture, the pressure loss when reaching the highest point, the required pressure at this point.
- Estimated water consumption. Calculated based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator influences the choice of equipment performance.
In any home, running water has long ceased to be considered a luxury. Comfortable living is provided by three main life support systems, first of all, autonomous water supply of a country house. It is difficult to do without electricity and sewerage, but it is simply not possible without water. When designing the construction of a private house, the closest attention is paid to water supply issues.
Scheme of autonomous water supply of a country house
Where to get water
Based on today's conditions, there are no problems with water production. It is easy to make your own water source anywhere. In the private courtyard, wells and water wells were widely used. But for autonomous water supply of a country house, the presence of one source of water is not enough. Additionally, you need to have equipment that will ensure the delivery of water to the point of consumption. We will consider its composition in more detail a little later.
Well
The well is one of the main sources of water supply, especially in rural areas. But is there any reason to build it for a country house? Here opinions are divided, but in any case it will not be superfluous. It is enough to be left without electricity and without water for a while, that's for sure. In this case, the good old water source, the well, will come to the rescue. On the other hand, maintaining a well is not particularly expensive, but troublesome.
When building a well, first of all, you need to choose the right place where it will be located. This takes into account the presence of an aquifer, and the state of groundwater, compliance with the requirements of sanitary norms and rules, and a number of other not unimportant factors. Even at the design stage, it is necessary to decide what parameters the individual water supply should correspond to.
Speaking of a well, it is not superfluous to recall that the water from it is not always suitable for direct consumption. But that's not the point. Water can be filtered and disinfected before drinking. The main problem of all wells is their low water yield. According to experts, an average family of four consumes 1,500 liters of water per day. The well produces up to 200 liters per hour. Enough?
Well at the dacha
Comprehensive information on the construction, maintenance and operation of wells on your site can be seen on the pages of the site.
wells
Not centralized water supply of a country house, of course, is a big drawback. The most optimal way out of this situation is to drill a well in the area. It has a high water yield compared to a well, and its water quality is much higher. Two types of wells are widely used - for "sand" and artesian.
The sand well is the most budgetary. Its depth is 20-30 meters, the volume of water dispensed reaches 500 liters per hour. Excluding watering the garden, filling the pool, washing and taking a shower at the same time, the water yield of such a well will be quite enough for a small house in a summer cottage. The service life of a well varies between 10-20 years.
Artesian well. Its drilling is carried out with the involvement of heavy equipment. Depth 100-120 meters. Water yield is high - up to 10 m³ / h. This amount of water is more than enough for any country house. It is important to note that the water from an artesian well is clean, suitable for consumption without additional filtration.
Water well scheme
The site contains detailed information about the construction of wells at the site.
Important. The best source of water supply is an artesian well. But for its construction it is necessary to obtain permission from local authorities.
Decentralized water supply. In this case, water is delivered to the consumer without pipeline transportation. As an example, consider buying drinking water in a store, or delivering it to your home on order. Wells and wells on the site also belong to this water supply system. Most importantly, water from these sources must comply with SanPiN for non-centralized water supply.
Taking water from a source
Equipment for the water supply system
Autonomous water supply of a private house is not only a source of water. To create a system, you will need its elements such as:
- pump and pumping station;
- cleaning system;
- pipelines;
- hydropneumatic tank;
- protection system.
The mandatory minimum elements of water supply for a country house are listed. It is possible to add others. It all depends on the specific installation site of the system.
Pump and pumping station. When installing water supply systems for houses, pumping stations are widely used. Their principle of operation is to automatically maintain the water pressure in the system. It happens in the following way. As soon as the water begins to be consumed and the pressure drops to the set level, the relay is activated and the pump turns on. It will work until the pressure in the system is restored. After that, it turns off.
Pumping station in the house
When choosing a pumping unit for your home, you need to know its characteristics and selection criteria. The main ones will be:
- hydraulic accumulator capacity;
- pump power;
- water depth;
- the number of people living in the house;
- remoteness of water users from the source.
From operating experience, you can focus on the following figures: for four people living in a one-story house, it is enough to have a pumping station with a 60-liter hydraulic accumulator and a 2 kW pump. At the same time, the depth from which water is taken does not exceed 10-12 meters. More detailed information can be obtained from the sales assistant when purchasing the station.
The cleaning system is mandatory when the water source is a well or a well for "sand". It consists of two filters - a coarse filter, which is installed before the water enters the pumping station, and a fine filter, installed at the outlet.
Pipelines of the water supply system must have good throughput, high corrosion resistance and be easy to install. Metal-plastic pipes most fully correspond to these qualities. Their diameter depends on the system as a whole, but is usually in the range of 25-32 mm.
Hydropneumatic tank. Often it is an integral part of the pumping station, but can also be supplied separately. Its volume varies widely: from 24 to 1000 liters. The main purpose of this element of the system is to create pressure inside the system. At the same time, it functions as a water reservoir.
The protection system is designed to save electrical consumers from power surges, short circuits and other failures in the performance of the electrical part. May include fuses, relays, RCDs and other protective elements. More specific recommendations on the selection and installation of a protection system will be given by energy specialists.
Note. Full advice on the selection of equipment for a particular water supply system can be obtained from Vodokanal.
Installation of the water supply system
An autonomous water supply system can be mounted by hand. This process is not very difficult, although there are certain nuances, the implementation of which is mandatory. If there is a well (well) on the site, it remains to install a pump and lay pipes from the water source to the house.
Installing the pump
To do this, you need a pipe with a check valve, a steel cable Ø 4-6 mm, an electric wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm² and plastic clamps. The pipe diameter is selected according to the connecting part of the pump. A check valve may not be needed if it is pre-installed in the pump itself.
Before installation, carefully attach the pipe and cable to the body. When lowering the pump into the well, the electric wire is fixed on the pipe with clamps after 1.5-2 meters. Having smoothly lowered the pump to the bottom of the well, it is necessary to raise it by 2 meters and securely fasten the cable to the head of the casing pipe. This completes the installation process.
Pump prepared for descent into the well
We mount pipes
When doing this work, it is necessary to take into account several generally accepted rules:
- the depth of the trench should be greater than the depth of soil freezing;
- the pipeline must have a minimum number of bends;
- high-quality thermal insulation of pipes is necessary;
- along with the pipes, the electric cable of the pump is laid.
The mounted pipeline is connected with one part to the pump pipe, the other - to the pumping station and through it to the entrance to the house.
Depending on the location of the pumping station, it is possible to install a water supply system with a caisson device. In this case, the entire water lifting device will be located above the well.
In the event that the installation of a caisson is not expected, it will be necessary to make a separate warm room for the pumping station or install it in the house.
Important. If private water supply is carried out in regions with a predominance of low temperatures, it is necessary to install a heating cable on the pipeline from the well to the entrance to the house.
The device and installation of a water supply system for a country house is not very difficult. The market presents a wide range of elements of water supply systems, and Vodokanal specialists and sales consultants will help you make the right choice. And in order to make sure that the requirements for the quality of water of non-centralized water supply are met, its sample must be taken to the nearest SES for analysis.
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