It is necessary to connect a surface pump to draw water from the well. But let's start with a little description and background. There is a house in which the plumbing is implemented according to the scheme below:
Read more: There is a well. Dropped into it submersible pump, which draws water from a well into a settling tank located in the house. This is necessary so that sand and other rubbish settle in it. Water is pumped into the tank in automatic mode. To do this, a float sensor is installed in the tank. Further, through the filter system, the pumping station draws water from the sump and supplies it under pressure to the water circuit of the house. The pressure generated by the pumping station is sufficient for simultaneous operation washing machine, dishwasher and shower work.
Everything in this scheme is good. Except for one thing - the submersible pump can break. It's one thing when something like this happens summer time. And it’s completely different when in winter it’s minus forty outside, you need to disassemble the well, remove the pump, mount a new one, and then insulate everything again. In general, there is nothing pleasant in this. This is what happened in this case...
In order to prevent the repetition of the above situation in the future, it was decided to install a surface pump instead of a submersible one, because. when equipment fails, you do not have to wait for a thaw to replace it.
What you need
- surface pump (in this case Kraton pwp-370);
- hose;
- adapters G1-herringbone 3/4;
- check valve G1 ();
- clamps.
Surface pump connection
Here is the culprit of the winter analysis of the well:
After dismantling it, we have a hose with a diameter of 3/4 in our hands. We insert the G1-herringbone 3/4 adapter into it.
And we fix the connection for reliability with a clamp.
Next on threaded connection turn on the check valve. It will not be superfluous to use flax to improve the quality of the threaded connection.
Then lower the hose check valve into the well.
Let's move on to the equipment. Surface pump Kraton pwp-370 has two threaded holes 1 inch diameter each. One of them is for water intake, and the other is for supply (in our case, to fill the settling tank). To connect 3/4 diameter hoses to it, you will need two G1-3/4 herringbone adapters.
We twist the adapters into the pump. Necessarily with flax or other sealant for threaded connections.
We connect the hoses. One coming from the well, the other from the tank.
We fix the hoses with clamps.
The surface pump is ready to take water from the well. But before you start pumping water, the system should be prepared for the first run.
First start of surface pump
It is very important that there is water in the system. If it is not there, then the surface pump will not pump water. Moreover, when working dry, it can overheat and fail before it has time to work. This means that before starting the equipment, the pump itself and hoses should be filled with water. For these purposes, a cork is provided on its body. Unscrew it and fill it with water.
It is rare that anyone manages to fill the circuit with water the first time. Especially if there are reverse slopes. As a result, water is pumped intermittently with low pressure or does not touch at all. To completely eliminate air from the circuit, start the pump for a short time, and after turning it off, slightly unscrew the air release plug. Repeat this manipulation until the water flows with a uniform good pressure without “spitting”. At this point, we can assume that the connection of the surface pump to the well is completed.
Indispensable without a pump country house or in the country, especially if you have an artificial pond or well. The choice of this equipment depends on many nuances, each model has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, you can familiarize yourself with the features of individual types of products in advance, which will greatly simplify the buying process. The self-priming surface pump deserves special attention.
About the main distinguishing feature The name of the product speaks for itself. It is easily operated on the surface of the earth, without requiring immersion in liquid. Water is pumped through hoses connected to the device - intake and supply. The first is the rise of the liquid from the source, and the second is the outflow.
Surface self-priming pump widely used for pumping water from open sources (ponds, pools), shallow wells (up to 7 m), irrigation of agricultural plantations. He can also perform separate element pumping station and serve to pump water into the storage tank.
Using a surface pump
The material for the manufacture of such devices is cast iron, stainless steel or plastic. The latter is preferable because plastic models are light weight, good moisture resistance and resistance to corrosive processes. At the same time, their cost can be an order of magnitude higher than that of analogues made of cast iron and steel.
Instrument with plastic housing
Advantages and disadvantages of surface pumps
The principle of operation, the material of manufacture, the permissible operating conditions - these and many other points determine the advantages and disadvantages of self-priming pumps surface type.
The advantages of such devices for pumping water include:
- Ease of maintenance - cleaning, repair. The downhole model is sometimes not so easy to remove from the well to determine the failure.
- Mobility. The compact size and light weight of the products make it easy to change their location on the site. However, the device should not be too far away from the water source.
- Ease of installation. It is only necessary to connect the hoses and securely place the device on the ground.
- Relatively low price. For comparison: submersible models used at great depths have greater power, moisture resistance and strength. Due to this, their price can be 2-3 times higher than the price of surface pumps.
- The possibility of using them as part of pumping stations.
Pumping station based on surface type device
With these advantages, surface-type self-priming pumps also have a number of significant shortcomings.
- Small suction depth (up to 7 m). Equipping the product with an ejector will increase this figure.
- Small water pressure, which is enough for irrigation garden plot, but not always enough for high-quality water supply at home.
- Sensitivity to contaminants in water.
- Some models are too noisy.
How a self-priming pump works
According to the principle of operation, surface self-priming pumps are usually divided into centrifugal and vortex.
The principle of operation and features of a centrifugal device
The work of centrifugal models is based on the movement of the impeller (impeller) inside its housing and the creation of a centrifugal force that promotes water.
Scheme of work centrifugal pump
Sequentially it looks like this:
- The body of the device is completely filled with water to displace air from it.
- When it is turned on, the movement of the impeller begins, a centrifugal force is created that pushes water to the outlet.
- At the same time, a vacuum is created in the zone of the intake hole, provoking the suction of a new volume of liquid.
Filling the working chamber with water before switching on the appliance
Please note: if there is one impeller, then they talk about a single-stage water movement system, if two or more - about a multi-stage one.
Centrifugal models are valued for high efficiency, the ability to pump large volumes of water (relevant for water supply at home), compact size and simplicity of the device. They are also less sensitive to contamination than their vortex counterparts.
The most significant drawback is the impossibility of operating the device with air. The impeller cannot generate suction force from the air in the chamber. Moreover, if in the "sleeve" of the pump is formed airlock, then the pumping process may stop.
How does a surface-type vortex pump work?
vortex pumps designed to work with lightly polluted water without abrasive particles that contribute to their rapid wear and breakage. However, they are vastly superior to centrifugal models in that the suction force can be generated from a mixture of air and water or air alone.
These devices are much more suitable for irrigating land than for supplying water at home. At the same time, they can be successfully combined with centrifugal models, forming a multi-stage water pumping system.
As for the design of such a product, the rotating element is no longer an impeller, but an impeller - an impeller enclosed in a ring. During operation in the pump chamber, air is removed through the outlet pipe, and the water separated from it is forced out to the supply hose due to the movement of the impeller.
In this case, the effect of water recirculation is formed, causing a vacuum in the suction chamber. This ensures the inflow of a new volume of liquid. The ejector works on a similar principle.
Self-priming models with ejector
The ejector is a simple device that allows you to significantly increase the suction depth of the pump. His work is based on the separation of water flows, its recycling. Part of the water that rises from the source returns to the ejector and pours out at high speed through its tapering nozzle.
It enters the mixer, where it creates a vacuum that ensures the flow of liquid from the suction chamber. Then there is a standard movement of water through the device and its outflow through the supply hose.
The ejector can be built-in or external. In the presence of the first, the recirculation process takes place directly in the device, which makes it possible to maintain its compact dimensions. However, during the operation of such a product, loud noise, preventing its operation in the house or its immediate vicinity. The best option for placing a pump with a built-in ejector is a separate building.
The built-in ejector allows you to increase the suction depth by only 3-5 meters. External device increases this figure to 30-50 meters, but at the same time the efficiency of the pump decreases. It also requires installation additional pipe to ensure recycling.
Video: the principle of operation of the ejector
Thus, a surface self-priming pump is quite capable of meeting domestic water needs. If the choice of the device, its connection to the pumping station or the installation of the ejector cause difficulties, you can always contact the specialists. Qualified help in this matter - the key to the durability of the pump and your peace of mind.
To choose best option pump for water intake, owners summer cottages many factors have to be taken into account. Agree, you don’t want to be in a situation where, after acquiring expensive equipment, it turns out that its performance is not enough.
We will help resolve this issue. We will tell you by what criteria we select surface pumps for summer cottages. Here you will learn how the pumping unit is connected, what equipment will be required if you decide to automate the pumping of water from a well or a well.
This article describes in detail design features surface pumps and specifics of operation. The material is accompanied by thematic photographs and videos that will help you do everything right.
Surface pumps, as the name implies, are installed on the surface. These are relatively inexpensive and quite reliable devices, although they are not suitable for very deep wells.
Storage tank system
As an alternative to a hydraulic accumulator, you can consider a conventional tank, for example, made of plastic. It can be any suitable container that will provide the family's water needs. Typically, such a storage tank is installed as high as possible to ensure sufficient water pressure in plumbing system at home.
In this case, it must be borne in mind that the load on the walls and ceilings will increase. For calculations, one should remember not only the weight of the accumulated liquid (the weight of water in a tank of 200 liters will, of course, be 200 kg).
You need to take into account the weight of the tank itself. Cumulative weight correlate with bearing capacity at home. If in this respect there are doubts, it is better to seek the advice of an experienced engineer.
Image gallery
A boiler room is considered a convenient place to install a surface pump: usually good sound and heat insulation has already been arranged in this room
The ideal place is considered to be a boiler room, already landscaped for work. heating equipment. Pumping stations are also installed in the basement of a residential building, but such a room will have to be carefully prepared: insulated and provided with heating to prevent water from freezing, etc.
You can put the station inside the well, but this will cause an additional problem. For adjustment, the equipment will have to be taken to the surface. The readings obtained while the pump is running on the surface may change when it is lowered down. This makes it difficult to adjust the pressure switch.
Surface pumps for wells allow pumping water from a small depth, which is important for owners country houses and suburban areas.
We will talk about the features and main characteristics of these devices, and demonstrate how a surface pump is installed in a well.
Surface pump
Purpose and Device
Surface pumps work on the principle of water suction by creating a vacuum at the end of the suction hose, lowered by the other end into the water. So, there is a difference in pressure at different ends of the hose, and with full vacuum at the suction, it will be the value of atmospheric pressure, in other words, about 760 mm of mercury.
If we replace the mercury column with a water column, then the height for the column will be 10.3 meters, which means that with a complete vacuum on the suction side, the water can rise no more than 10.3 meters.
Taking into account the losses due to friction of water against the pipe walls and incomplete vacuum in the system, the high water lifting height for the pump will be no more than 9 meters, and suddenly take into account the horizontal part of the suction pipe, it turns out that the real working height will be 7 - 8 meters.
Note! When calculating the parameters, take into account the distance from the well of the surface pump. The following formula would be appropriate here: Y = 4(8-X), where Y is the length of the horizontal part of the pipe, X is the suction height. In other words, four meters of the horizontal part is equivalent to one meter of elevation.
Note! From the above calculation, it is possible to conclude that the surface pump is recommended for lifting water to a height of up to 8 meters. This allows the use of this device for water intake from open reservoirs, surface wells and sand wells.
By design, external pumps are divided into three main types:
- Vortex. The most compact and inexpensive devices capable of creating high pressure in the system, but they have a low efficiency - no more than 45%. They are mainly used for pumping and watering water from flooded premises, but low efficiency and low reliability do not allow this type of equipment to be recommended as a permanent unit for autonomous system water supply;
- Centrifugal. More expensive and high-quality devices that create, although less than vortex ones, but fully sufficient pressure to ensure the operation of the water supply system. They have a high efficiency factor - up to 92% - with sufficient reliability for continuous use, which allows the use this species equipment in the operation of pumping stations for water supply;
- Ejector. They have two water circulation circuits: in the first circuit, the liquid is supplied to the ejector nozzle, where, due to the Bernoulli result, a pressure difference is created and from environment- the second circuit - water is sucked in. This solution allows you to lower the ejector to a depth and solve the issue of suction lift limitation, but this moment for these purposes, more efficient submersible units are used, the price / quality ratio of which is higher.
As you can see, centrifugal pump designs were the most practical, so we will dwell on them in more detail.
The centrifugal unit is arranged quite easily:
- Two disks are rigidly fixed on the gearbox drive shaft, in the center of one of which there is a hole;
- The hole communicates with the interdisk space, where inclined plates are soldered, creating channels from the center of the space to its edges, which are connected to a collector tank (diffuser) that communicates with the supply hose;
- A suction hose is connected to the hole in the center of the disc;
- If the suction hose and the inter-disc space are filled with liquid and the gearbox drive is set in motion, then the blades inclined in the opposite direction to rotation will begin to push water from the center to the edges of the space between the disks due to centrifugal force;
- As a result, a rarefaction will be created near the center of the wheel and the suction hole, and not far from the edges and the diffuser connected to the discharge hose - the area high blood pressure;
- Under these conditions, the system will tend to equilibrium, and water will be pushed out by pressure from storage capacity at the edge of the wheel into the discharge hose, along with this, a vacuum will appear in the center of the wheel, and liquid from the suction hose will rush in that direction under the action of atmospheric pressure.
As a result, a constant circulation is created and water is pumped from one point to another, which was what was required to be achieved. But to work in the system autonomous water supply houses from the well surface aggregate they do not use it on their own, but assemble the so-called pumping station, which is discussed in more detail in the next paragraph.
Pumping station
For normal work surface pump as part of the water supply system of a residential building, it is connected to the storage tank and the system automatic control inclusion. This is necessary to reduce the number of unit starts per unit of time.
The fact is that when the power is turned on, peak values \u200b\u200bof the magnitude of the current strength appear on the motor winding, which are called starting currents. These currents cause a destructive effect on the device, therefore, from the standpoint of the working life of the electric motor, it is much better for it to work with the smallest number of start-up cycles.
Otherwise, permanent job the pump is not needed and is unprofitable economically, since it consumes a large number of energy and empties the well. Of course, it is necessary to create a certain supply of pressure and water in the system, which will cover the constant switching on and off of plumbing fixtures and taps, and only when this pressure drops below certain values, the pump will turn on and restore the supply.
Accordingly, upon reaching a certain peak value of pressure in storage tank the pump will automatically turn off.
So we approached the device of the pumping station, and its main parts are:
Note! With a sufficient volume of the storage receiver, the system will rarely turn on the pump, which will significantly extend its operation life, and extend the life of the motor starters and terminal blocks. In addition, peak pressure values \u200b\u200band characteristic water hammers will not appear in the water supply system, which will secure pipe connections and valves.
Connecting a pumping station to a well
If you are going to connect a surface pump to the well with your own hands, our step-by-step instructions will help you:
- The pumping station (or separately the pump) is installed on a solid fixed base and the legs are fixed with bolts or anchors. Under the installation, it is advised to lay a rubber mat to reduce the vibration activity of the device;
- The outlet (supply) of the pump is connected to the inch outlet of the five-outlet fitting with a hose or directly;
- The accumulator tank is also connected to the inch outlet of the fitting by means of a soft hose or directly;
- The remaining inch hole of the fitting is connected to the pipe internal plumbing at home;
- To the hole? inches, a pressure gauge is screwed on the fitting;
- The pressure switch is connected to the remaining unoccupied last hole of the fitting;
- The suction port of the pump is connected to the intake pipe;
- The end of the intake pipe is supplied with a filter and a non-return valve for rough water purification and lowered into the well (the distance to the bottom is at least a meter);
- The pump power cord is connected to the normally open terminals of the pressure switch, and the relay itself is connected to a 220 V power outlet;
- The working space of the pump is filled with water through a special hole in the housing and the start of the device is created;
- The taps in the house are closed and waiting for the tank to be filled. At the time when the tank was filled and the pump turned off, the cut-off pressure is measured on the pressure gauge;
- After that, the taps are unlocked and the water is drained until the pump turns on again. The switch-on pressure is detected;
- Finally, the obtained pressure values \u200b\u200bare compared with the passport data of the receiver and, if necessary, adjust the pressure switch.
Note! All joints of the fitting with pipes should be provided with couplings with union nuts, and between the tank and the fitting, as well as between water pipe and the fitting is directed to embed ball valves.
Conclusion
Surface pumps are widely used in autonomous water supply systems for supplying water from wells and shallow wells. Through our management, you will be able to independently connect and set up a water delivery system from a well or other source. It is possible to study the issue in more depth through the video in this article.
Loading...