A wide variety of compositions are produced for interior and exterior wall decoration. High-quality finishing will create the finishing touch in the performance of construction work. The appearance of the coating depends on properly selected materials, tools and implementation of the application technology.
When designing the interior of a room, many factors must be taken into account, such as harmonious combination color shades, placement decorative elements. Consider how to choose the right decorative coating for walls.
Types of decorative wall coverings
A beginner in construction can be confused by the variety of offers of finishing materials.
Decorative wall covering is divided into types:
- wallpapers: paper, vinyl, cork, textile, etc.;
- coating ;
- application of fine stone chips;
It is important not only appearance finishes, but also the characteristics of the materials used, their environmental safety and durability.
Types of decorative plasters
Often decorative effect plastering depends on the techniques and tools used There are many techniques that differ from each other in the way decorative plaster is applied to the walls and the components that make up the mixture.
Consider the table and their characteristics:
| № | Type of plaster | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Structural, popularly called "fur coat" | The composition of the mixture includes stone and quartz chips. After setting, a granular surface is formed. Depending on the size of the stone fraction is divided into large and small. |
| 2 | Textured | It has high ductility and is able to hide surface defects. It is made in white color on the basis of lime and marble flour. The desired shade is obtained by adding colors. It has a paste-like consistency, due to which it is easy to apply. With this composition, you can create a smooth or embossed surface. Apply in layers. A new layer is applied after drying and cleaning the previous one. |
| 3 | Venetian | Has been used since ancient Italy. Produced on the basis of lime and marble flour. It differs in that it can be used to create a smooth surface, almost indistinguishable from marble. Applied in several layers. The final layer is a beeswax coating that protects against moisture, mechanical damage, gives the wall shine and beautiful shimmer. |
| 4 | Flock (coating with the addition of pieces of acrylic of different colors and shapes) | It is a 3-layer coating that can mask wall defects. Comprises acrylic base with the addition of flocks, a fixing varnish is applied as the final layer. Using the application technology, you can create the effect of leather, suede, velor covering. Such a coating increases the heat saving of the walls, is resistant to mechanical and atmospheric influences. |
| 5 | antique | The compositions are made on the basis of artificial latexes. On the walls, the coating looks like it has been worn over time, rough to the touch. Forms a film on the surface that protects against atmospheric and mechanical influences. |
Release plaster mixes for indoor and outdoor use, you need to pay attention to this factor when buying.
Wallpaper
Liquid wallpaper is applied with a spatula A common option for decorative wall coverings indoors is wallpaper.
Progress does not stand still, every day more and more finishing materials with unique qualities are produced.
They differ in the material used in production, the structure of the top layer, resistance to moisture, etc.
Based on the table, consider the types and characteristics various kinds wallpaper:
| № | Type of wallpaper | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paper | Made from paper different varieties: single layer and double layer. Suitable for wall decoration in dry rooms. Breathe. A variety are duplex wallpapers, consisting of several layers, embossed on the top. Due to the rather dense surface, they are able to mask small wall defects. |
| 2 | Vinyl | They consist of two layers: a layer of polyvinyl chloride is applied on a paper or non-woven base. Upper layer resistant to mechanical influences, easy to clean. The wallpapers are dense, have a beautiful embossed texture, have a long service life, and mask irregularities on the walls well. Paintable wallpaper available. A variation is silk screen printing, which has a smooth, shiny surface. Glue silkscreen on flat surface. |
| 3 | non-woven | They consist of interlining and a polymer layer that performs a protective function. They are washable types of wallpaper, they pass air well. Capable of hiding minor surface imperfections. Are issued in color and under painting. |
| 4 | Glass cloth | They are made from glass fibers of different thickness, impregnated special formulations. They have a service life of more than 30 years. Very wear-resistant, even a cat with its claws will not be able to break them. Do not burn, do not sustain combustion, do not electrify. Environmentally friendly, as they are made from natural ingredients. |
| 5 | Textile | They consist of a lower paper or non-woven layer, on which cotton, jute, linen, synthetic fabric is applied. The fabric layer can be applied in the form of a single web or threads. |
A separate type is liquid wallpaper, which is produced on the basis of fabric fibers, resembling sawdust in appearance. Before use, they require dilution with a water-based dye, applied to the surface with a spray gun or roller. They form an integral coating with a different structure.
Paints
When decorating walls with decorative paints, you can create the effect of velvet, silk, mother-of-pearl or golden reflections. Chameleon paints are especially popular, which will look different under different lighting conditions and from different angles.
Chameleon paints are used for no longer than 5 years, then the coating must be renewed Consider, based on the table, the characteristics of various types decorative paints used for wall decoration:
| № | Type of paint | Distinctive features |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fluorescent | They have the ability to accumulate daylight and glow in the dark. Sometimes a pattern is applied with luminescent paint on a regular (non-luminous) background. |
| 2 | Chameleons and paints with mother-of-pearl effect | A pearlescent transparent coating is applied to a layer of plain paint. When you change the angle of view shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow. |
| 3 | Mosaic | The composition includes capsules of one or more colors that are different from the base shade. Thanks to a special production technology, the main color is not mixed with additional capsules. In appearance, a wall covered with such paint will look like a mosaic. The coating is durable, resistant to moisture and detergents. |
| 4 | metal effect | They are multilayer systems, the finishing layer of which has a golden, silver, bronze tint. |
Paints are made for internal and external works. Easy to apply, do not fade under the influence of ultraviolet light. Retain an ideal appearance for 4-5 years, after this period, the coating must be renewed.
Features of applying plaster
Before applying the plaster, the wall must be treated with a primer The easiest way is to cover the walls with paint or structural plaster. The most complex technology for applying Venetian plaster, mosaic paint and flock composition.
To perform these works, it is better to invite a specialist with experience.
Surface preparation
Before applying a decorative coating, you need to prepare the surface. For some materials, careful preparation and leveling is required, for others it is enough to clean the wall from the remnants of old building materials and dust.
Be sure to cover the surface with two layers of primer with an interval in application of 4-6 hours. This contributes to better adhesion of the material to the surface.
DIY decorative plaster
Plaster with large inclusions is applied by hand What you need to know:
- plaster, which contains large stone chips, is applied only by hand;
- it is rather difficult to apply a mass with crumbs of pebbles of different sizes;
- moisture-resistant materials can be deformed when plaster is applied to them;
- water-soluble formulations are environmentally friendly;
- on dense smooth surfaces plaster will take longer to dry than on porous concrete or plaster;
- on the uneven surface material consumption will be greater, since the solution will fill all the cavities;
- metal can rust plaster mortar, before applying it is treated with anti-corrosion compounds.
You can cover the walls with decorative plaster with the involvement of professionals or with your own hands.
Method of pulling plaster
The most commonly used and easiest method of covering walls with decorative plaster. We apply from the bottom up, distribute the solution with a metal grater or trowel. We hold the tool at an angle of 60 degrees. The thickness of the layer depends on the size of the pebbles in the mixture. For information on how to properly apply plaster, see this useful video:
The final formation of the texture and pattern is performed after the solution stops sticking to the tool.
Instructions for applying plaster
Grooves are created with a special trowel with teeth Consider how to properly apply plaster mixes:
- A coating with a uniform roughness with densely packed pebbles of the same fraction is applied with small circular movements directed in one direction.
- When applying the "bark beetle" mixture, we obtain the direction of the grooves depending on the corresponding movement of the tool. Circular, cross, vertical, horizontal furrows can form.
An important role in the formation of the pattern is played by the degree of pressure, the amplitude of movements and the tool used.
Making a drawing with your own hands
Consider in the table the types of drawings and ways to form their structure:
| № | Picture | Application method |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | boulders | We apply a solution of the desired shade on the primer layer. It must have sufficient plasticity. We distribute it over the surface with the help of a trowel, we perform trimming with a hard brush. Hold the brush at a 90 degree angle to the wall. The shape of the boulders depends on the rigidity of the tool. |
| 2 | Wave | We wipe the fresh surface, make notches, moisten with water, apply a layer of plaster in zigzag or straight stripes. We smooth the surface with a special spatula. |
| 3 | Furrows | We apply a layer of plaster on the ground (it should be inactive), smooth it with a trowel. Then we apply the rule, with the sharpened side at an angle of 45 degrees we form furrows. Their texture depends on the shape and size of the teeth. |
| 4 | Traverine | It is carried out by throwing a thin layer of mortar. Then it is distributed with a trowel or spatula. |
| 5 | Spray | We collect the solution on a broom. We hit it on a stick so that the mixture is sprayed onto the wall. |
| 6 | Flakes | Flakes of various shapes and sizes are obtained by spraying a liquid and plastic solution. |
With little experience in construction, you can decorate the walls in a house or apartment with your own hands. From the correct observance of the application technology will depend general form and duration of the coating.
Features of applying liquid wallpaper
Liquid wallpaper can mask small wall defects, but the appearance of the coating will depend on how even and smooth the wall is, therefore, if possible, we level the surface, close up all cracks, cavities with plaster mortar or putty.
Preparation of liquid wallpaper
It is necessary to dissolve the components at the stage of priming the walls, since they must stand in liquid form for 12 hours. Before adding to the water, fluff the dry matter so that there are no lumps. For more information on how to knead the wallpaper mixture, see this video:
Cooking rules:
- The volume of water for a certain mass of the composition is indicated on the package.
- In order for the solution to mix well, add dry ingredients to water, and not vice versa.
- At the first batch, mix each package in a separate container. Do not mix 2 or more packages at once.
The best option is to mix the mixture with your hands. You can work without gloves, as the composition does not include harmful components. If mixed with a construction mixer or drill, the texture of the wallpaper may be disturbed.
After cooking, leave for 6-12 hours so that the components are saturated with water and mix them again.
After this time, you can mix all the prepared servings into one.
We apply the type of ordinary plaster.
We pick it up with our hands, put it on the wall, rub it with a grater with a narrowed cloth.
To date, there are many different finishing materials. The most popular of them is decorative plaster.
Its leadership in the market is explained by the fact that it has many advantages. It is durable, easy to care for, moisture resistant, while its cost is low.
Consider how to make decorative plaster yourself.
Types of plaster
This material for decorating rooms and facades may have various properties. Depending on the:
- Chemical composition and components.
- Texture and style.
- Number and size of granules.
Chemical composition and components
Mineral, excellent value for money. Made from cement and lime. In stores, it is sold in the form of a dry mix. Therefore, before starting work, it must be diluted in water.
Used not only for internal works but also for decorating facades. Since it contains water-repellent substances.
In addition, it has a number of advantages:
- vapor permeability;
- fire resistance;
- resistant to mechanical damage.
Acrylic plaster is sold ready-made, in the form of a water-dispersion material for decoration.
In its production, a polymer solution is used that connects the filler. This type of plaster is tinted, so you can choose any shade.
Silicone applied for decoration external walls. Because it has various positive characteristics:
- High service life.
- Elastic structure.
- Self-cleaning material.
- High vapor permeability.
- Weather resistant.
Silicate or mineral plaster is very expensive, however, reliable and practical. Since the main component is potassium glass. This will protect the walls from the appearance of fungus.
This plaster is commonly used in the decoration of building facades. But you can find it in the decoration of interior walls.
If it is not possible to buy a ready-made mixture, then at home you can make decorative plaster from putty. With it, you can create textured images.
Texture and style
Venetian creates walls from marble. In the photo of decorative plaster, you can see how the room is being transformed. It is produced from an aqueous solution, lime and marble sand. This type of material is applied only to flat walls.
Structural is a heterogeneous mass with granules. It is made from latex and water. Its granules can have any color. The color scheme is tinted at the factory. However, choosing a color is not difficult, as manufacturers offer a large palette of different shades.
Textured is the most popular among consumers. Because with its help in the interior of the room you can create a relief or image on the wall.
Note!
Flock turns the wall into a mosaic. As a rule, it is sold in two containers. The first contains glue, the second contains mosaic elements. They are already pre-painted by the manufacturer. The wall is applied in stages, first glue, then mosaic pieces.
Glazing is used in cases where it is necessary to create a certain effect on the surface of the wall. For example, the effect of silk, velor, sandstone. Application of decorative plaster is possible on the facade of the building.
Instructions for applying decorative plaster with your own hands
Must be done first preparatory work. You need to remove the old finishing material.
The surface is cleaned, in the presence of cracks and holes puttied. After the wall must be treated with a primer.
After all preparatory work is completed, plaster is applied using a construction tool. The material is laid in horizontal or vertical movements. The thickness of the application is measured by granules. After application, it dries for about a day.
This completes the application of decorative plaster. It can be painted in a different color or decorated as desired. different elements design.
Note!
Decorative plaster walls, a great way to quickly and inexpensively change the interior of the room.
DIY decorative plaster photo
Note!
During repairs, many act out of habit - they buy traditional finishing materials, and in the end they are dissatisfied with the result. But how much do not change paper wallpaper or painting, it is impossible to get the effect that decorative wall plastering with your own hands gives. This is a chance not only to transform the interior, but also to realize bold dreams using your creative potential. There are a lot of relief options obtained by means of a mixture for wall decoration, with which you can paint entire panels with a roller and spatula. With the basics of technology and a little practice on the control surface, it's easy to create a unique decor in your entryway or living room.
Such a huge butterfly on the wall will not go unnoticed
Even the simplest strokes with a spatula will look like a work of art as a result.
The harmony of color in the room will charge you only with positive energy.
For decorative plaster you need a special dry mix, but you can make something unusual from ordinary putty with fillers and pigment. Having mastered how the base is applied and the “bark beetle” texture or other pattern is formed, you can make interesting patterns, in accordance with the design intent. Do-it-yourself putty decor will save money and hide minor coating defects. Whatever the choice, plaster is classified as:
- interior;
- facade.
Both varieties are suitable for spectacular decoration of the walls of the apartment with plaster. But a shatter-resistant facade mixture may have chemical components that allergy sufferers are sensitive to. Therefore, before buying, it is important to carefully study the instructions and see the composition.
Interior (for interior decoration) plaster is produced on a different basis:
- silicate.
- Mineral.
- Acrylic.
- Polymer.
- Silicate-latex (with silicone).
Each has its own texture options, for example, “fleece” or “bark beetle”. If you want to work with a repeating relief, you need to purchase special roller nozzles that squeeze out a special rustic background on the wall. Gypsum plaster you can "sculpt" art panels, but it sets quickly, so they work quickly and confidently.
This method of wall decoration is durable, plaster can last for decades.
This type of wall decoration is sure to arouse the interest of guests.
Each variety is applied and shaped in a special way, some surfaces can be additionally painted. The most expensive is Venetian plaster, it is applied in layers, creating decorative wall"marbled" with their own hands. For such work, a professional who owns the technology is needed, and the surface requires additional processing with interior wax. But you can, according to all the rules, prepare the basis, and then invite a specialist - this is much more economical than hiring a whole team of finishers.
Pasta is prepared strictly in accordance with the recipe described on the package. This guarantees optimal consistency, coating thickness and coating drying time. Otherwise, the solution will seize too quickly, the desired pattern will not work. You can check the results on a small area.
The decor of the walls of textured or decorative plaster is applied with a spatula on the prepared base, leveling with a grater, but without much effort, otherwise you can “pull” it. Different patterns are created from the same composition if you use the right tool or texture. For example, by applying crinkled foil to the solution, Maple leaves or faux fur, it is easy to get a spectacular lining.
Walls in bright mustard color will only cause a smile
Textured plaster with a pattern will complement the interior of the room
A wide variety of types and colors makes it possible to make the room perfect
The multi-stage process of decorating walls with putty with your own hands involves the following steps:
- work planning;
- purchase of materials and tools;
- preparation of room surfaces (cleaning of wallpaper or other unstable coating);
- creation of a starting basis;
- applying plaster;
- final decoration or painting.
Using the possibilities of decorative plaster, it is easy to create an exclusive interior design that cannot be repeated by anyone close to you. But it is better to create something new on the basis of what has been tested in practice for years. Today, ready-made and dry mixes are produced, but it is proposed to use gypsum or putty, which are also suitable for creating a magnificent relief.
This way of finishing will be in perfect harmony with the furniture.
An excellent solution would be to finish the walls and the fireplace with decorative plaster
Advantages of decorative putty plaster
In several rooms, it is easiest to create decor with one plaster with your own hands, and you will get a different relief (work with different tools). Then, even with a conventional finishing mixture, different surfaces can be obtained.
For more variety, a pigment or "color" is added to the mixture. It is necessary to observe the proportion so that the shade does not change on different surfaces.
Each type of roller nozzle with light pressure gives its own pattern. There are also tools for strict geometric lines, which you will need to frame an art panel, fresco or mosaic, as in the photo.
Gorgeous wall decor with stucco resistant:
- to mechanical failure;
- temperature fluctuations;
- humidity fluctuations.
This coating “breathes”, that is, it absorbs excess moisture and then gradually evaporates it if the wall is not varnished or waxed. Excellent sound insulation and fire resistance are additional “bonuses” for decorating walls with do-it-yourself plaster.
Plaster for finishing interior spaces included in the list of environmental clean materials, it does not highlight harmful fumes. Not only dyes are added to the finished paste, but also structural inclusions in order to obtain new finishes:
- fabric fibers;
- sifted crumb of shell rock;
- small stones;
- coarse river sand.
Lamps on the wall will create will create new lines
Decorative plaster in the kitchen great solution. It is durable and not afraid of high temperatures.
Rough finish will give the room a special atmosphere
Another "plus" is its availability. Luxurious textured putty decor will look like an expensive repair after application and painting. If desired, the impression can be enhanced by coating it with varnish, which is available with different reflective properties:
- Matte.
- Semi-matte.
- Glossy (maximum gloss).
Decorative plaster has high adhesion (adhesion to the base), after hardening it is difficult to remove. If there is no desire to level the surface of foam concrete or brickwork, a mixture of decorative plaster is applied immediately after the initial treatment with a primer.
The textured surface will last for many years without losing its aesthetics. If desired, it will be possible to update the panel with painting. There are also non-traditional methods for painting a surface with a relief, for example, with a wrinkled fabric on a roller - gaps are created. The plasticity of the mixture and the availability of ready-made nozzles for the roller make work a pleasure.
Capabilities modern market almost limitless to offer consumers a lot interesting options wall decor with putty or textured plaster.
Each type of plaster has its own application technique.
Venetian plaster will immerse you in a state of calm
The recipe for the preparation of decorative plaster from putty
Caution: Some bases can also be mixed to create new surface finishes, but it can be difficult to get the right proportion.
At the seams of the GKL, a primer of maximum penetration is used or a dry powder is diluted construction adhesive PVA.
On the basis of the building mixture, you can prepare different compositions for decorating with putty.
The most common recipe is from 3 components;
- water;
- PVA glue;
- gypsum base with additives.
This is kneaded with a construction mixer in a container of a suitable volume. After dissolving the dry powder in water, glue is added until a plastic paste with the consistency of sour cream is obtained. You need to work immediately after preparing the mixture so that it does not freeze in the bucket. Having stretched the plaster with a wide spatula along the wall, they work with a roller with template nozzles, as in the photo.
A spectacular texture requires a more expensive base, which is prepared using imported finishing mixtures from Knauf and other companies. They are applied over a dried primer on a flat surface, working with a small layer of decorative plaster on the walls of the interior.
Pictures on the wall will perfectly complement the decor.
Types of plaster are completely different
The combination with a flexible stone will be an excellent solution for a variety of interiors.
The mixture should include:
- water;
- 3 parts of sifted river sand;
- 3 parts of finely dispersed dry gypsum putty with elastic additives;
- 1 part polymer putty.
First, all dry ingredients are mixed, then diluted in containers with a construction mixer.
Decor with putty on the walls is also done according to a different principle - a mixture with which you can create a textured coating:
- water;
- dry mix "Satengips";
- primer deep penetration acrylic based.
First, the primer is diluted with water in a ratio of 2: 1, then the dry component is introduced, all this is kneaded with a construction mixer until a creamy paste is obtained. She works on the prepared starting surface, creating "liquid" patterns. They quickly seize, leaving a spectacular texture, which can be additionally painted over with a fluffy roller or sprayed from an airbrush.
Embossed pattern on the wall will catch the eye of all guests
The range is huge. There is something for everyone
Possibilities of decorative plaster
Obviously, there are a lot of coating options. Experts recommend reviewing the catalogs, where it is easier to choose the wall surface you like using samples. But it is important to evaluate your own capabilities - to obtain a complex relief, you need some experience with a spatula, trowel and roller.
Well, when there is a practice of a plasterer, then it is much easier to master the method of making this or that decorative coating. For bark beetle, for example, you need hard pellets and work with a spatula in certain directions - down, chaotically or to the sides. This will give different terrain options. Liquid paste is modeled with a roller with different nozzles.
If you have little experience, it is easiest to work with stencil rollers, which themselves squeeze out a certain pattern during processing. But even with them you need to work carefully, performing movements in a certain direction, so as not to disturb the periodicity of the resulting ornament.
Rough surface will look unusual
A variety of application will bring zest to the interior
Intricate drawings with vine leaves will give inspiration
You can “sculpt” masterpieces with anything, even with your fingers, sculpting vines or fantastic plaster flowers.
By rotating a trowel or other flat tool, you can get spectacular circles on the surface of the wall.
Small circles are easy to complete with a few strokes to form roses or other images.
Some craftsmen create their panels using "knots" of textured fabric. Having tried what “imprints” leave various rough materials, one can “draw” entire volumetric bas-reliefs on one basis.
Specialists also use:
- spatulas of different sizes;
- flat elastic bands with curly slots (draw a tree trunk);
- building graters (smooth trowels and rough);
- plungers (draw circles);
- sandpaper;
- faux fur caps;
- natural and synthetic sponges;
- wide and coarse brushes, brooms and hard brushes.
The complex relief pattern on the wall will be the center of attention in the room.
Wall decoration will look great in any room
Before plastering the wall, you need to take out all the things from the room and lay the floors, if they are after repair. This is necessary so that the dry suspension and lumps of paste do not settle on all objects. Remains of wallpaper and old crumbling putty are removed from the walls.
After filling the gaps and pre-training you can work with decorative plaster. After the process is completed, the vertical and horizontal are checked to eliminate defects that are most noticeable in side lighting.
You can also master the method of washing and “dry brushing”, using paint, wax or varnish. If you have a desire to master such technologies, watch the master class on the video.
Video: Decorative plaster
50 photos of examples of wall decoration with decorative plaster:
With the help of decorative wall covering, it is possible not only to bring the planned design of the apartment into reality, but also to smooth out all the bumps and roughness. And most importantly, the material is affordable and will serve the owner for a long time.
Various decorative wall coverings in the apartment look different, it is important to choose good option. The question arises, what are the types of wall coverings?
There are the following types of decorative coatings:
decorative paint
They are made, as a rule, from acrylic, and most importantly, no smell is present when using them. The paint is easy to apply to the walls and easy to clean.
Decorative paint types:
- 1. classical;
- 2. Mosaic;
- 3. mother-of-pearl;
- 4. Multicolor;
- 5. fluorescent.
If you need to paint the walls in the kitchen, then it is best to choose paints so that they can be washed later. But already in the bathroom, paints that are resistant to moisture are required. Water-based paint is in particular demand.
Decorative plaster
Types of decorative plaster:
- 1. Structural- it consists of small pebbles, particles of quartz and other natural materials. It is made from cement and lime. For the decoration of the walls of the rooms, water-based plaster is used.
- 2. Mineral – durable material, is not afraid of moisture and dirt. Before applying it, the walls are treated with primer, and then primer with fine quartz sand.
Venetian plaster
When using it, you can recreate indescribable beauty, but the application process is quite laborious. Usually it is applied in several layers. The effects of decorative coatings using this material surprise and delight the owner.
Flock
Such a coating is a small acrylic fraction, which is somewhat similar to straws or flakes. various colors and forms. It is applied very simply, using a special gun called a flokator.
Before applying the flock, the wall is smeared with glue, and after - with varnish. The flock coating is resistant to moisture and mechanical stress. Flock is perfect for the kitchen and hallway.
Cork
Types of cork cover:
- 1. Cork wallpaper- an economical option that has a beautiful appearance, where on paper base cork veneer applied. It is not recommended to use them in a humid environment.
- 2. Cork rolls- a material that has a long service life, but is expensive.
- 3. cork tiles- it is very important that the owner can easily wash it, it is not afraid of moisture. Buy it at an affordable price.
Information about options for covering walls with decorative plaster can be found on the official website of one of the most popular companies for finishing and selling decorative coatings in Voronezh - http://imenadecor.ru/.
Now, when repairing, they often face the question of what kind of decorative coating for walls fit the best thing? On the website of this company it is possible to order a service for the implementation decorative finishes walls in the apartment.
Managers will help you choose the necessary material for affordable price. Many people prefer Venetian plaster - this is one of the types of decoration and wall decoration. With the help of such a coating, you can transform the room, give it a special personality and beauty.
There are the following types of Venetian plaster:
- 1. Craquelure- a coating with the effect of aging. The cracks created by the masters on the walls got such a unique name.
In conclusion, this type of coating is treated with craquelure varnish, which subsequently gives decorative cracks. This version of the Venetian looks impressive if you choose the right color scheme.
- 2. Carrara. This name comes from Carrara marble. To perform this option, you need to apply many layers of decorative plaster of different shades.
Most often, about 10 -12 layers are used. Of course, the material is expensive, but after seeing the result, the owner understands that it is worth it.
- 3. Marseille wax, which contains wax and ground cellulose fibers, so it is waterproof.
What is a decorative stone wall covering?
Stone wall processing is popular at the present time. This material makes it possible to create special style in room.
Types of decorative stones:
- 1. A natural stone- this is a natural sample of one or another stone - marble, onyx or granite. The material is quite expensive and heavy, but the very appearance of stone walls is unique.
- 2. Fake diamond- successfully replaces a natural stone. Attracts affordable cost and a variety of textures, colors and sizes. Often used in decoration wild stone» - imitates raw stones of various shades.
All these types of decorative wall coverings will create comfort and incredible beauty in the house. for the sake of individual look in an apartment or house, you should not spare money, because the result is amazing.
There are a huge number of ways and materials with which an ordinary room is embodied in a design idea. Decorative wall treatment is a laborious process, requiring advice and assistance from specialists and masters of their craft.
A good and justified reason for pride is do-it-yourself decorative plaster. It is also an opportunity to emphasize the individuality of the house or the interior of the room. The market offers a variety of materials with which you can realize the most daring, incredible fantasies. The great advantage of this method of decorating a house or apartment is the ability to create a unique pattern. Even similar material is difficult to create on different walls the same finish, and with a wide range of options on offer, it is very easy to achieve the uniqueness of your home.
Varieties of decorative plaster
Before deciding on such a finish, you should find out what decorative plaster is? This is a decorative wall covering that creates a certain artistic effect. Depending on the method by which it is achieved, plaster is divided into two types:
- structural - the decorative layer is formed due to the composition of the mixture, various additives (granules, fibers, etc.), it is used for finishing facades and interior design;
- textured - is the result of the work and artistic fiction of the master.
Of course, such a division is conditional. It should not be thought that it is enough just to apply and smear structural plaster on the wall and you can get a masterpiece. Same thing with textured look, having sprayed a cement “fur coat” on the barn wall with a broom, in fact, they create a texture. That's just the aesthetic value of such "art" is extremely low.
To create a quality beautiful coverage on the walls, appropriate materials, tools, knowledge of the elementary basics of work are required. For applying decorative plaster with your own hands, a firm hand and good taste will not hurt either. .
Mineral plaster
This is the most common plaster, the connecting element of which is cement (gray or white), or gypsum. Basically, mineral plaster, consists of natural components. However, in last years more and more different additives (polymers, fibers, etc.) are being used. Widely used for both exterior finish buildings, as well as for interior work.
One of the advantages of mineral plaster is vapor permeability. Due to its high alkalinity, it is characterized by high resistance to the formation of fungus and mold. However, it has low elasticity, which can provoke the formation of cracks on the surface. As a rule, mineral plaster of white or gray colors. However, it can be dyed according to personal preference.
To protect yourself from unaesthetic stains on the facade or inner wall If suddenly the paint is damaged, and a different color breaks through from below, you should apply a plaster painted in mass (colored). At the same time, it should be reckoned with the fact that the range of plaster colors is limited.
Acrylic plaster
Most popular view plaster, which combines high quality with a reasonable price. Acrylic plaster is also highly resistant to mechanical damage. The color is retained for a long time without the need for touch-up. This decorative plaster is used for walls inside and outside buildings.
The disadvantage of this type of plaster is that the acrylic dispersion is a breeding ground for microorganisms, as a result of which, after a few years, pigment spots in colors from green and blue to black may appear on the surface of the plaster.
To prevent this, manufacturers offer immunization packages for decorative plaster against mold and mildew (biocides). Infected acrylic plaster can be salvaged. However, this comes with additional costs.
The facades of houses located in places of high humidity (near the seas, lakes, rivers, ponds), in the vicinity of large clusters of trees (forests, parks), in countryside and interior rooms With high humidity. In such places, other types of plasters painted in mass are recommended. It should be added that decorative acrylic plaster, given its low vapor permeability, should not be used for plastering mineral wool.
Silicate plaster
Silicate plasters are made on the basis of potash liquid glass. Due to this, their resistance to the formation of fungus or mold is very high - it is ideal in places where decorative acrylic plaster will be subjected to intense corrosion, biological attack. The cost of this type of plaster is slightly higher compared to acrylic counterparts.
With appropriate flexibility, silicate plaster has a significantly lower coefficient of diffusion resistance against moisture vapor. It follows that it works well in a thermal insulation system using mineral wool.
In addition, it is more resistant to dirt, has a high color fastness (provided that the manufacturer used mineral pigments exclusively during the coloring process). High Quality). The disadvantages of this type of plaster include a small palette of colors. finished plasters, as well as its application during do-it-yourself repairs - it requires a significant level of skill.
silicone plaster
Without a doubt, the best and most expensive type of plaster. Combines the advantages of high elasticity, hydrophobicity, with low diffusion resistance. In addition, it is extremely resistant to biological corrosion, mechanical damage and contamination. The price is high, but no matter how much it costs, it matches the quality.
Mosaic plasters
Mosaic plasters are often called "pebble" because of the stone grain they contain (marble, granite, quartz chips). These are decorative thin-layer plasters, that is, those that are applied in layers with a thickness contained in the aggregate mass, as a rule, from 1 to 3 mm. The basis of mosaic plasters is transparent acrylic resin. Compared to other decorative mixtures used in construction, they are more flexible and more resistant to damage.
Withstand cleaning without problems - can be washed frequently without the risk of damage. They can cover places subject to mechanical stress and pollution, both for interior wall decoration and outside buildings.
Currently, manufacturers of insulation systems offer, in addition to the four types listed, hybrid plasters, for example, acrylic-silicone or silicate-silicone. This is a mixture of different types of plasters, created to combine their different properties.
In a separate group, plasters can be distinguished, which, due to historical background or technological (geographical) features, somewhat fall out of the general range and even have their own names.
- Venetian - decorative plaster for interior decoration is made on the basis of lime or lime-gypsum mortar with the addition of marble, granite dust or other stones. It can be made on the basis of various synthetic binders. As a rule, a ready-made mixture is sold (diluted and prepared for use), and it can also be bought in the form of ready-made dry mixtures. Its surface is perfectly smooth and slightly glossy. To attain good effect, it is necessary to apply up to five (sometimes ten) layers to the wall, which is a laborious process that requires special skills and patience. It is difficult to perform such artistic plastering with your own hands, without sufficient experience.
- Japanese plaster is a decorative finishing material that can be applied to the surfaces of walls and ceilings. Something between plaster and wallpaper. Decorative wall plastering with your own hands, performed by this material, is the easiest to work with. Composed of cotton, silk, cellulose fibers, mineral fibers, dyes and various decorative additions. The coating made from it well hides all the defects of the wall. Almost any type of walls and ceilings is suitable for this plaster: concrete, wet plaster or paint, walls sheathed with plasterboard, wood, foam plastic and much more.
- Travertine is an exclusive material for finishing works, created on the basis of natural binders and marble powder, is used both in interiors and outside. Most often for decoration: walls, ceilings, fireplaces, columns, etc. Due to the resistance of such a coating to fungus and mold, as well as its ability to diffuse moisture from the base, it can be used in kitchens and bathrooms. The finishes made by him successfully imitate natural travertine, along with its original structure and patterns. This material consists of natural lime binders, aggregates, marble and dolomite chips. After finishing the walls with decorative travertine plaster, they are coated with special wax or varnish. To protect surfaces on outdoors, appropriate primers are used that protect them from the effects of adverse weather conditions.
- Tadelakt - exotic plaster of "Moroccan origin". It is a waterproof plaster surface used for finishing bathtubs, sinks, ponds, interior and exterior walls, ceilings. It is made from lime plaster which is compacted, polished and treated with soap to make it waterproof and water repellent. Tadelakt is a labor-intensive material in work, but very remarkable - it has a "live", wavy structure. Pigment can be added to give it any color, but deep red is considered traditional. It can be shiny or matte, but looks best when it resembles a stone with a velvety sheen.
They are widely known french plasters various manufacturers. With their help, you can create various structures - from the effect of an adobe wall to surfaces that accurately imitate polished stone.
Finishing with decorative plaster
Artistic wall plastering can be done independently. To do this, prepare the tools and be patient.
Tool
When applying structural plasters, it is necessary to use several basic tools, which, as a rule, are used when plastering works and special fixtures to create the desired texture on the surface. The toolbox looks like this:
- capacity for plaster mass;
- a set of spatulas from the smallest to the widest;
- graters - metal (Venetian), wooden, plastic;
- metal trowel;
- electric drill with mixer attachment;
- trowel (trowel);
- masking tape.
You should also prepare rollers of various widths and with different piles, sponges, wide brushes, patterns with patterns.
To apply decorative plaster with your own hands, you can use many other somewhat less professional accessories available in the house. For example, a regular comb or brush can be used to create the texture of denim or corduroy. Striped patterns are obtained through the use of children's (toy) rakes. Even with your own hand, “armed” only with a glove, you can create original patterns on walls covered with decorative plaster. Also sometimes used various devices for automatic application of structural plasters.
You should deal with finishing such a section of the wall that can be completed in one day, preferably from corner to corner. If you leave half of the wall unfinished and continue the next day, then a joint is formed that cannot be eliminated. If this is not feasible (the wall is too large), then the joint is sealed masking tape This will disguise it a bit.
Training
The base for thin-layer structural plaster must be solid, fat-free and dry; free from stains and efflorescence of biological and chemical origin. All loose, non-bonded layers (e.g. loose plaster) must be removed. If the surface irregularities are significant (from 5 to 15 mm), the wall should be pre-leveled. Wet plaster can be used for this.
With small irregularities (up to 5 mm), the base can be leveled and smoothed with a layer of putty. Absorbent substrates must be primed with an appropriate primer before applying leveling mortars and/or fillers. The application of mortars, fillers and/or compensatory measures must be carried out in accordance with technical charts these products. In the case of application of the mass on newly made mineral substrates (e.g. concrete, cement and cement-lime wet plaster), it is necessary to observe the appropriate curing period (for acrylic and mineral plasters at least 3-4 weeks, and for silicate plaster at least 2 weeks). Before applying the solution, the base should be primed with a preparation suitable for this type of plaster. To limit the possibility of translucence of the color of the base through the texture of the plaster, it is recommended to use a primer to match the color of the plaster.
The type of base can affect the final result of the plastering, therefore, in case of a non-uniform base, it is recommended to reupholster the entire surface with a layer of putty. To avoid color differences, it is necessary to perform the surface in one working cycle, using the “wet on wet” method. During application and drying of the mortar, the temperature must be kept between 5°C and 25°C.
Application
How to apply decorative plaster with your own hands? The process does not cause any particular difficulties, but some subtleties should be taken into account. Using a drill with a mixer installed, the solution is mixed exactly in the appropriate (indicated by the manufacturer) proportions with water or other additives, dyes, such as pigments.
If a ready-made (diluted) mass is used, it is simply mixed. When the primer dries, prepared plaster is applied to the wall. You need to try to do it evenly, keeping the layer thickness from 2 to 5 mm. The easiest way to do this is with a metal trowel.
To obtain an imitation of some natural surfaces, such as marble, granite, travertine, concrete or velvet, you need to be patient. To achieve the desired effect, it is often necessary to apply at least two layers of decorative plaster. After applying each layer, the surface must also be subjected to additional processing. The technology for performing work is different for each type.
When creating a surface for travertine, characteristic samples of this stone are purposefully formed, imitating pits and depressions. It is best to make them with the edge of a Venetian grater, attached to the wall at an angle of 90 degrees. Then the surface should be leveled by grinding with sandpaper. At the end, for fixing and protection, they cover the wall with decorative varnish.
Creating a surface that imitates concrete, after applying the solution twice, it is sequentially “teared” and rubbed with a Venetian float. The surface is moistened immediately before grouting, which makes it easier to give the desired structure.
The most difficult do-it-yourself decorative plaster, perhaps, is Venetian. After the wall has been prepared and the soil has dried, the solution is painted, since after purchase it has a natural White color. Pour the dye into it and mix thoroughly. Then proceed to applying it to the wall. The plaster is applied in stages, layer by layer, using a grater.
Level, pressing tightly, with a thin layer over the entire surface of the wall, then wait for the time indicated on the package. The dried layer is polished, smoothing out irregularities. Then you need to clean the wall of dust, and then apply another layer. At this stage it is necessary to distribute the product so as to obtain a smooth, shiny surface. Wait again for it to dry. Apply a third layer. The first layer is the base, the rest form the pattern, so they are applied in random strokes, and then smoothed out.
Each layer (there may be 5 or more) is polished. Then you need to wait until the last layer dries, and apply wax. Wax is applied to a small fragment of the wall, after which it must be distributed to the rest.
Japanese - just enough to align with an ordinary paint roller. In more detail, the contents of the package are poured necessary quantity water (according to the instructions on the packaging) and mix until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The prepared plaster is left for an hour for complete impregnation with water.
To apply Japanese plaster, you do not need special tools. Just a grater, a roller and a spatula, with which the mass is applied to the wall, evenly stretching it with a grater. The applied layer of material should be as thin as possible. Using a roller, compact the plaster, smooth it with a spatula and level the edges. The applied mass dries for about 48 hours.
Japanese plaster can be used several times. To do this, clean the applied layer of plaster after its preliminary, thorough moistening. Mix the removed mass well, adding such an amount of water to obtain the correct consistency. Apply again with a trowel and roller.
"Bark beetle" - in fact, the usual wet plaster, the texture of which is formed by the granules contained in it. The solution applied (best with a metal trowel) is leveled with a plastic grater, forming a pattern. The most common - "rain" is obtained by moving the grater up and down. The type of wall depends solely on the imagination of the master, there are many options (left-right, "snowflake", etc.). If the wall was previously leveled, it is impossible to spoil the "bark beetle".
An interesting option for interior work is magnetic plaster - it creates magnetized walls with decorative plaster. The method of application and painting is no different from ordinary gypsum plaster.
The application of decorative plaster is interestingly shown in the video:
Painting works
Most mixtures come already colored, but if this coverage no, it's okay, painting walls covered with decorative plaster practically does not differ from ordinary ones painting works. Painting is carried out in two layers with a long-nap roller, and in hard-to-reach places- brush.
It is desirable to adapt the selection of shades to the interior design, but you can forget about the conventions and make the walls in contrasting or flashy expressive colors - this will be an interesting artistic finish. To decorate this type of surface, metallic paints with a gloss have proven themselves well, which, by reflecting light, further emphasize the artsy texture of the wall. Paints can be applied with a roller or brush, as well as with a sponge or cloth - in each case, getting a completely different end result.
So what is decorative plaster? In addition to aesthetic criteria, decorative plaster has high strength characteristics, it is easy to keep clean, so it is used almost everywhere. Ideal for high traffic areas such as stairwells, hallways, kitchens, bathrooms.
In addition, it is used to decorate curly architectural elements, such as fireplaces, cornices, columns, as well as furniture decoration. Properly prepared and designed, it can successfully decorate any building or interior.
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