For the production of platbands on windows, natural and artificial materials. Traditionally carved elements were made of weather-resistant wood. Characterization of the properties of individual rocks will help determine the most suitable view:
- Larch is minimally susceptible to rotting processes, but is not suitable for production. carved frame due to its fragility.
- Aspen, alder and linden are the most convenient species for creating openwork decor on windows. However, the malleable and soft wood of carved architraves needs special treatment due to its ability to absorb moisture well.
- Oak, ash or beech window frames are resistant to negative weather conditions, but the processing of carved elements is burdened with difficulties, overcoming which you will get a durable decor.
- A good choice would be birch or pine wood, which allows you to perform a neat carved decor. At the same time, the platbands have sufficient strength for external use.
- Small carved window decorations, which are fixed on the main elements, can be made from cherry or apple.
Advice ! Regular updating of the coating of wooden architraves with waterproof paint or varnish will provide them with a long service life.
What other materials are used in the production of linings for windows and what are their features, we will consider below:
- Laminated MDF allows you to accurately simulate the color of any type of wood, but is intended exclusively for indoor use.
- Plastic windows are harmoniously combined with platbands made of similar material(PVC), which is not susceptible to decay, has a wide color palette that is resistant to solar radiation. The color of the platbands is selected taking into account the finishing of the house to match or contrast with the facade.
- For round windows, polyurethane products are ideal, characterized by lightness and unpretentious care.
- Metal strips are attached for protection assembly seam, connecting them into a single whole with a profile box.
There are two main ways to install platbands:
- Invoice - the most common method in the design of windows. For fixing, special glue or nails are used.
- The telescopic method involves the L-shaped form of manufacturing the casing, which allows you to fix the product by entering the grooves of the box. It is most often used for finishing doorways. Its characteristic difference is the absence of traces of fasteners.
Patterns and types of thread
The carved forms of the architraves give the window individuality, but in order to make them, you will definitely need templates. The presence of woodcarving skills allows you to choose a complex ornament. If the ability to work with wood is not enough, it is better to find a light pattern for window trim. We suggest exploring:
- variants of templates of single elements and their general appearance;
- top, bottom and side decoration details.
You can copy them completely or add your own details to the pattern. The picture of the carved platband you like or its fragment must be scaled up taking into account the size of your window. For the manufacture of carved patterns fiberboard, thick cardboard or paper is used. It is desirable to decorate windows with platbands with the same thread. Please note that it is much more difficult to make small carved elements, and they become unusable faster than others. In this case, a partial replacement of the frame will be required.
Warning ! Be sure to take into account the slope at the top of the carved casing. This will prevent the accumulation of snow and ensure timely drainage of water.
The upper part of the casing for the window is called the kokoshnik, the lower part is called the towel. The contours of plants, images of animals and geometric figures were most widely used in the ornamentation of carved architraves.
The key details of the drawing for any window trim are:
- lower bar or window sill;
- vertical rail;
- top bar.
The scheme can also contain all kinds of hangers, flowerpots or a diadem. Detailed description the names of carved decor elements are shown in the diagram below:
If your windows have different size, experts advise to make a drawing with an intermediate repeat repeating required amount once. For rapport, you can choose one or two elements that repeat alternately. An example of such a scheme is shown in the photo below:
There are several ways to make a wooden carved frame on the windows:
- The greatest decorativeness and delicacy are characterized by slotted platbands. The product is made of light-colored wood or is subsequently coated with white paint. This window design for more dark wall looks sophisticated and elegant, vaguely reminiscent of Vologda lace.
- With overhead threading, separately cut parts are fixed to a solid board by gluing or nailing. This technique allows you to arrange a window with simple platband. Protruding elements are often covered with contrasting paint.
Sometimes both types of thread are combined.
Manufacturing process
Having decided on the pattern, material, type of thread and method of fastening the platbands, you can directly proceed to the manufacture of carved framing for windows.
Important ! Drawing on the workpiece needs correct placement. To prevent cracking of the thread will allow the location of the elements along the fibers of wooden blanks.
Places of the pattern where it is necessary to make cuts, it is better to mark with color. The work on the manufacture of platbands consists of the following stages:
- Taking measurements from the window.
- For slotted carving, boards with minimum thickness 30 mm, the overhead method allows the use of wood with a thickness of 10 mm. All work is done with dry lumber.
- Blanks are cut out.
- For a snug fit of the carved casing from the inside, the wood is selected to an insignificant depth (1-2 mm).
- The pattern applied using the template is cut out. Drills are used to make holes. different diameter, a jigsaw will be needed to make slots. To make a beautiful cut, the entry point of the jigsaw is marked with a drilled hole.
- All carved elements of the platband for the window are cleaned with sanding paper. From not through holes wood dust is removed with a vacuum cleaner.
Laid on thread provides for fastening finished elements to a wide casing on nails with removed caps. Strengthen the strength of the connection will allow glue applied from the wrong side of the casing. The use of self-tapping screws is not recommended due to the risk of damage to the carved section of the connection.
Carved platbands are installed on wooden windows using deaf or through spikes. The first option is distinguished by a reliable connection and a complex installation process. The second method is simpler, but less reliable. The installation of carved elements on a plastic window is carried out using liquid nails.
preliminary protective treatment carved architraves and regular preventive care will ensure long-term preservation of the attractive appearance of the window.
Making your home memorable and beautiful is the dream of any owner. If the house is no longer new, it is not so easy. One of the possibilities is carved platbands. They even turn an ordinary “box” into a masterpiece.
Trim material
Carved architraves are made mainly of wood. conifers. The best option- pine, cut normally, inexpensive, durable due to the high resin content. In principle, you can use any other coniferous board, but it is better not to try with spruce: it is too fibrous, it cannot be cut even with the sharpest tool.
You can make carved platbands from hardwood- linden (the softest), poplar, maple, oak, cherry, etc. But with each breed you need to be able to work, fill your hand and there is no guarantee that something digestible will turn out, and hardwood is expensive. Therefore, platbands are made on windows more often all the same from pine. You just need to pay attention to the quality characteristics.
Carved platbands on the windows - a way to make your home unique
If there is wood or a board that has lain for 3 years or more, you can use it: it is already dry for sure, only processing and calibration will be required. If there is no woodworking equipment at home (thickness gauge and circular saw), you will need edged board. Under carved platbands suitable wood first or highest grade. This means that there should be no knots, chips, resin pockets on the board. Take wood chamber drying, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. This is not for sale in the markets; you need to look for it at sawmills and hardware stores.
Why chamber drying? Because it is dried in a special chamber, quickly removing moisture. At the same time, part of the boards cracks, bends - these go to rejection, the rest are sold. If you make carved architraves from chamber-dried wood, they will definitely not be warped and they will not crack.
Tools
To make carved platbands with your own hands, you will need the following minimum set:
- drill with a set of drills;
- electric jigsaw with a soft start and a bunch of different saws for wood;
- chisels;
- sandpaper with grains of different sizes;
- petal disk from sandpaper for wood on a drill.
To reduce the time it takes to create carved patterns and polishing, it is better to have a router and grinder.
One by one or in bulk?
Carved platbands usually consist of repeating elements. At least two vertical slats on each window are made the same. And since several windows are usually designed, a lot of identical elements are required. If you are going to make platbands slotted, naturally there is a desire to cut several pieces at the same time, folding the boards in a pile and somehow fixing them.
The desire is understandable, but difficult to implement, and the benefits over time are not as great as it seems. The first difficulty is that home craftsmen usually have jigsaws of not too much power. To cut through several boards, you have to move the file more slowly along the intended pattern. On straight lines, the speed is still tolerable, on curves - low. And, the smaller the bending radius, the slower you have to move the file. If you work with one board, there are no such problems. So in terms of time, the gain, if any, is quite small.
One more moment. Even thick, good, expensive files are rejected with a large thickness of the workpiece. So, when cutting several boards at the same time, the quality of the cut on the bottom (or two) remains a big question.
The procedure for manufacturing a platband with a slotted thread
We transfer the desired drawing using a template to the board (where to get it, how to enlarge it, how to make a template, read below). If necessary, we correct, draw the details well. Next, we describe the procedure step by step.
We remove wood in the slots of the pattern
Since the carving will be looked at from afar, some inaccuracies are not fatal, but it is still worth striving for the ideal.
Making a curved edge
Some platbands have a smooth edge. Then we skip this step. If the edge is curly, you will still have to work with a jigsaw.
If the cut is difficult, not very attractive places may remain. It's not scary, then we will process them where necessary - with chisels, the same jigsaw, emery. When you are satisfied with the result, you can move on.
Finalization
Owners of wooden houses probably know everything about how to process wood. But, just in case, we repeat once again the general rules.
Choice paintwork materials very wide. Suitable for any outdoor use. But keep in mind that opaque paints will have to be updated periodically - once a year for sure. And that means taking old paint primer, paint again. The situation is simpler with oils for wood - they do not leave a film on the surface of the wood, but are absorbed into the fibers. It is also necessary to update the coating, but just clean it of dust and cover with a new layer. And the processing frequency is less. Cons of oil for wood - higher price, fewer colors.
How to enlarge a template
Simple carved platbands can be made without templates. A few examples will be in the video - it shows how to draw, how to cut. But not everyone can draw more or less complex patterns on their own. It takes skill and talent. The easiest way is to find a diagram, print it in the right size, transfer it to cardboard and cut it out. You will get a template that you can circle.
The second way: draw from a photograph. Not all schemes can be found. Some, especially old ones window frames you won't find anywhere. If there is at least some drawing ability, they can be copied.
Even such an ornament can be copied ... if you have the skill
You may have questions about how to increase the size of the found scheme or template. There are three options:
- With the help of any graphic editor. The simplest - Paint - is available on any computer running Windows (the "Image" tab, the "Resize image" line, select "centimeters" and put the desired length (height) in the box. The resulting file can be printed. If the printer is small, it may be necessary to split into several pages.They should then be glued together and, according to the resulting drawing, make a template.
- With a photocopy. Copiers have a zoom function.
- Taking graph paper, transfer the drawing to the desired scale. To do this, we divide the original image into squares with a side of 0.5 or 1 cm (you can print it on a sheet in a cage). Then we transfer the lines to graph paper, increasing them in the desired proportion.
The first two methods are faster. But when scaling, the picture may turn out to be fuzzy and blurry. It can be corrected by hand, it can be drawn in some editor, for example, CorelDRAW. See the video for how to do this. Just an example of drawing a diagram for a thread.
Related videos
Schemes, patterns, patterns
The style is completely different...
Beautiful things are the weakness of every person, and if they are made with their own hands, pride in oneself overwhelms the senses. It is to such creativity that woodcarving can be attributed. How original and unique your house looks with carved architraves, where the owner put a particle of his soul into the work.
What is a cashier? It has the form of a decorative overlay and is mounted on the outside of the window and is an ornament where a decorative technique is used.
It can be:
- Plants showing unity with nature.
- The sun, located on the kokoshnik, personifies energy and life.
- Earrings indicating the hospitality of the owner of the house.
- The cross, symbolizing the harmony between the spiritual and material world.
- A bird that speaks of the unification of all times.
- A snake representing fertility and wisdom.
- Wings, confirming strength and power.
Platbands are different in style, material, shape. They are the completion of construction, which emphasizes the individuality and style of the home. And at the same time, they perfectly mask all the flaws of the opening (slit).
Application area
Widespread use of framing around various openings has found itself in doors and windows. The location of the slats can be both on the outside of the street and indoors.
Basically, platbands of the same type are installed, but the thread may differ. And at the same time, a common theme is preserved. For example, in a children's room, the plank will be with a bunny. Flowers are carved around it. Then in the kitchen a bear cub should also be framed with the same flowers.
Now plastic double-glazed windows are considered a brand. Some people manage to put a wooden plank on them. In this case, you need to paint it in White color or choose a double-glazed window made of wood.
planks around window opening perform some functions:
- Combine all the buildings in the yard into a single style.
- Reduce heat loss.
- Protect from dust and litter, moisture, draft.
- Increase sound insulation.
- I emphasize the uniqueness of the residential building.
- An opportunity to express the traditions of the region, family, country.
- The ability to visually stretch and expand the house.
- They complete the building.
- Close the mounting seams.
If we consider the platbands by material, they can be from:
- tree;
- metal;
- plastic;
- foam and polyurethane;
By form:
Before starting work, it is worth stocking up on templates or stencils of carved platbands, without their help it is impossible to achieve an excellent result. And to perform your work without them is available only to a master who has been working on wood carving for more than one year.
You can get stencils for today freely - these are in stores, magazines, and the Internet.
They can be applied to any pattern that the customer or the master wishes. Contours of plants, figurines of animals, ornaments of geometric lines and figures are very popular.
The style of the product can be different, and here the most unusual fantasies of the performer are realized.
How to do?
Stencils are made in different ways:
- With the help of a graphic editor. The desired image is found and processed in Photoshop. Every computer has the Paint application, it is used for editing, coloring and drawing. By visiting this page, you can design personal images ranging from simple to complex projects. It is possible to add text and various elements to existing image files.
- Photocopies. A picture is selected that you really liked and when copied, it immediately increases to the desired size. The second option is to scan and print the sample on a printer.
- By hand. It uses the technology of scaling (copying) and by cells (linear scaling).
Thread making
We make a template from cardboard, the size should be natural. A personal template is made for all elements of the drawing.
Now, you need to lay it on the board and circle the outline with a pencil.
We outline the places for the holes. Let's say you need to cut a leaf. To begin with, a hole is drilled, then a leaf appears with a jigsaw. Following the holes, we make all the internal patterns, then move on to the external ornament.
There is a copying method for drawing a picture. Here we use carbon paper. We trace the drawing through it onto the board and get a pattern on the wood.
Required tools:
- sandpaper of various numbers;
- jigsaw;
- drill with a set of drills;
- a set of chisels;
Instruction:
- We make the pattern the same on all windows. To do this, use a stencil or sketch.
- We place the drawing on the workpiece correctly, where we place all the elements not across the fibers, but along. That will not allow the thread to crack.
- We paint over the slotted areas with a pencil.
Wood carving is done in two ways:
- Invoice. In this option, we use a thinner workpiece, then the work is simplified. Here we do individual elements, which we will then fold on a single board.
- slotted. In this case, we make a cut through, we get a kind of lace, which is exquisite and beautifully frames the window.
Platband installation
Creating a beautiful product is one thing. But properly fixing it to the window is another.
Aesthetic appearance, and long service life closely depends on the quality of installation of platbands.
There are two ways to mount on wooden windows:
- Through spike. The method is simple and not very reliable. Spikes should be installed in places where they will be invisible. Here it turns out additional protection from moisture.
- Silent spike. The spike goes into the casing. Whereas a hole is drilled in the frame for it. It is necessary to lubricate the spike with glue and bring it into the groove. Fastening is considered difficult, but it is more reliable than the first method.
Walkthrough:
- We take measurements from the window.
- Choose a type of wood and dry it well. The choice of width and height does not play a big role for carved platbands, the main thing is that the thickness is 3 cm. This is if the thread will be slotted, for the invoice - 1 cm.
- We process the tree with sandpaper, starting with coarse-grained, and at the end with zero.
- Cut out stencils.
- We take a simple pencil and apply a drawing or pattern on the front side wooden surface. We paint through the cuts.
- Let's start cutting out the pattern. Let's start with the through holes. Where the jigsaw will enter, it is advisable to use a drill for a more accurate cut.
- The holes are carefully processed with sandpaper.
- To remove dust from blind holes, use a vacuum cleaner.
- When using overhead thread elements, we fasten them to nails without caps. And, for reliability, let's go through the glue on the back side.
- Now take a damp rag and wipe the pattern until the area is completely dedusted.
- The finishing operation will be considered a stain, with which we will tint the platband or cover it immediately with varnish.
- If you are just starting to work on a stencil on a platband pattern, you should choose a simpler pattern with large shapes. The smaller the drawing, the more complex it is. It is good to try elements of the pattern from through holes.
- Open elements are cut with a jigsaw.
- Beech, larch and oak are expensive and difficult to work with, but they have a long service life.
- The easiest to process is a material such as linden.
- The material most commonly used is pine.
Stencils and window frame ornaments
Carved platbands framing window openings fit organically into architectural styles wooden cottages. They emphasize the originality of log cabins, frame buildings, log houses. Originality to the elements facade decor give light patterns, ornate ornaments, interesting drawings. They are applied to the surface of the wood using convenient stencils.
Functions of window frames
Maintaining the traditions of wooden architecture, carved details enrich the noble appearance of the estate, add expressiveness to simple buildings. They keep home warmth and comfort, delight when viewed from the outside. Stencils for window trims, selected in accordance with the preferences of the inhabitants of the dwelling, help to create a harmonious look of the new house, to revive the facade of the old building.
When used on window shutters decorative architraves can serve as a frame. Playing a decisive role in design decoration window openings, they solve a number of important tasks:
- reduction of heat losses due to the elimination of "cold bridges" along the perimeter of the window frame;
- noise reduction in the premises;
- reducing the amount of moisture and dust particles penetrating from the street;
- giving facades a unique, stylistic orientation;
- creation of a single architectural ensemble of residential and commercial facilities on the building site.
Regardless of the shape, size, appearance, wooden platbands must be strong enough to meet operational requirements. Stencil production with calculated geometric parameters allows them to be securely fastened to the walls. It provides resistance to wind loads, temperature fluctuations. To increase the service life, effective protective coatings are applied.
Traditional and original ornaments
The choice of design elements for window openings should be approached with an understanding of styles and design techniques. With their help, you can give the window an elegant or strict shape, make its outline more expressive, and achieve a delightful visual effect. Choosing life-size stencils as templates for window trims, the buyer receives the most advantageous decor option. Convenient dimensions allow you to proceed directly to the manufacture of products.
The attitude to wood as a material of art is traditional for the culture of Russian architecture. With the repetition of individual structural and decorative details, it provides for the creation of a unique architectural image. Carved platbands have long been considered not only as a means of decoration, but also as a kind of amulets for the home. Based on the study of the surviving ancient buildings, unique images of symbols, animals, birds, and plants have been recreated.
Samples of stencils for architraves are designed in different styles and for every taste. They help to express certain traditions, personal preferences. The use of ready-made ornaments makes it possible to design buildings in accordance with ethnic and classical trends in art. Clear geometric patterns more in line with modern trends in architecture.
Ornaments for slotted and overlaid platbands may contain a solid pattern or repeating elements of a common motif. To create a complete outline, when marking out parts, you need to take into account the size of the window opening, the scheme and sequence of patterns. High-quality stencils make it possible to accurately apply cut lines to the workpiece, to determine the boundaries of further processing of the material.
Kiri (Paulownia tomentosa) Family: Norichaceae Other names: foxtail (UK) Distribution: P. tomentosa is found in Japan and P. fargesii in China Kiri Wood Description The heartwood varies from silver gray to light brown or hazel. The grain is straight, the texture is smooth. The material is very light, 320 kg/m3; specific weight.32. Mechanical properties The wood is fragile, dries quickly and well with a little…
Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis) Family: Legume Commercial names: violet tree (USA, France) Other names: violete (Brazil) Distribution: South America, mainly Brazil Description of wood Kingwood Heartwood has variegated colors with a rich purple-brown background. The wood is straight grained, evenly finely textured and shiny. Weighs 1200 kg/m3. Mechanical Properties Although Kingwood has excellent strength, it is mainly used in…
Keruing (Dipterocarpus) Family: Dipterocarp More than 70 species of dipterocarpus produce keruing wood. The main types are Malaysian/Sarawakian/Sabah/Indonesian Kerning and Malaysian Gurjun. Description of Keruing wood These are evergreen trees that vary in color from pinkish brown to dark brown, often with purple tint. The grain is straight to finely cohesive, the texture is moderately coarse and even….
Keyaki (Zelkova Serrata) Family: Elm Other names: Keaki, kilkova kchaki Distribution: China, Japan, Iran, Caucasus and Great Britain Keyaki wood description Light golden brown heartwood. Otherwise, the wood is very similar to elm with a rough texture. The grain varies from straight to irregular. Weight 625 kg/m3; specific weight.62. Mechanical properties Keyaki is mainly used for decorative purposes, but…
Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) Family: Legumes Other names: impas (Sabah) Distribution: Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo Kempas wood description Orange-red to brown heartwood with numerous yellowish stripes. The grain is spiral or wavy. The surface is moderately shiny and the texture is rough but even. The core is fragile. Wood can be corrosive to some metals. It weighs an average of 880 kg/m3; specific gravity.88….
Patterns of carved platbands for windows
The tradition of decorating windows with carved platbands has come from ancient times. It was believed that window decoration with fancy patterns not only protects the room from drafts and cold, but also serves as a kind of protective amulet from evil spirits or the evil eye.
A selection of templates for carved window frames
What pattern to choose on the platband
Home-made carved platbands are a type of decorative trim that frames windows or doors from the outside. This ensures that the gap above the frame is closed, and the appearance of the window and facade becomes complete and attractive. The openwork patterns with which our ancestors decorated not only platbands, but also other household items had a magical meaning.
It was believed that through the windows can penetrate devilry and platbands, decorated with special symbols, protect the house and family from adversity and attract good luck.
Ancient carved ornaments and drawings of the masters of the past have come down to our times and continue to be used in carved products as a beautiful decorative technique to add color to the house and interior. Here are some meanings of the symbols and patterns on the platbands:
An example of a carved window casing with snakes
Even a beginner with carpentry skills can make carved platbands for windows with their own hands. The main thing is to choose simple patterns for the first works. In the manufacture of carved platbands, you can apply the experience of previous generations and come up with a composition for window decoration using ready-made stencils and templates for woodcarving.
How to make a stencil for a platband
A stencil is a device for applying the same patterns and symbols to the desired surface. Before starting work on the manufacture of platbands, you will need to get stencils and templates. Finding a sketch for a carved platband is not difficult - they can be downloaded for free and in a wide variety on the Internet, purchased in specialized stores or found in magazines.
IN ready-made stencils and templates can be made on paper, cardboard or wood fiber. They only need to be attached to the surface of the future casing and circled. There are several ways to make a stencil yourself:
Here you can create an individual sketch for carved architraves. The complexity of the drawing will depend on the skill level of woodcarving.
Clypeus scaling by cells
Stencils and templates are the main assistants in creating carved platbands. In the drawing, you need to take into account which pattern will be chosen for the various components of the casing.
Carved platbands include the following main details:
- top trim;
- vertical slats of the casing or frame;
- bottom bar or profiled window sill.
These are just the main elements, carved platbands can include many more decorative details: a diadem, coat hangers, flowerpots, and so on.
Transferring the contour of the drawing to the workpiece
After the sketch is created, you need to make a stencil directly, onto which all the elements of the pattern for carved platbands are transferred. You can transfer a contour to a workpiece in the following ways:
Cutting a platband according to a template
- The most common way is when the pattern is cut out of thick paper or cardboard. The resulting templates are applied to the board and traced along the contour with a pen, felt-tip pen or pencil.
- The stencil can not be cut out, but transferred to future platbands through carbon paper.
- You can push the outline of the sketch through the paper onto the tree with a pen (leaving an inconspicuous trace). You can make the outline clearer without carbon paper by applying a layer of graphite on the back of the sheet with a soft, simple pencil.
You need to place stencils on the workpiece along the fibers of the tree: in the future, the thread of such a casing will not crack. For convenience, the places where the cuts will be made can be made colored.
Templates and stencils for carved architraves are presented in large quantities - these are simple repeating ornaments, images of animals, plants, and even entire paintings.
When choosing a pattern for platbands, remember:
- Beginners should choose the lightest patterns with large elements that will be easy to cut out. Pictures and fantasy ornaments are not for those who first took up the cutter.
- To make carved architraves neat and beautiful, you need to carefully transfer the pattern from the template and use only patterns intended for the slotted carving technique.
Just as a real artist does not start creating a picture without a sketch, so a carving master does not work without a template. The choice and manufacture of a stencil is the first step at the beginning of a rather complicated and painstaking path to create carved wood products.
Making a stencil for platbands on windows
Platbands - a way decorative design window openings. However, in addition to decoration, they are irreplaceable. functional part, helping to close gaps, uneven bevels and other inaccuracies.
In addition, they help to keep the heat inside the room, prevent precipitation and dust from entering it, and also reduce the level of street noise penetration.
Pattern selection
You can buy ready-made platbands (the simplest or unusual, which are prepared to order). Does not exist industrial production these parts, they are made by craftsmen to order in carpentry workshops. And you can show all your imagination and create unique and inimitable platbands with your own hands. The most important thing is the presence of desire and great patience!
The patterns that will decorate the finished product can also be found by referring to thematic sources on paper or located on the Internet. In addition, there are many companies and designers who are ready to cope with the implementation of all the ideas of the customer into a finished pattern.
You can create a drawing with your own hands. It is better to choose patterns that are not oversaturated with the smallest details. It is desirable that the general view of the image is easily understood at a sufficient distance. The drawings of the upper and lower parts should be made in the same stylistic direction.
If there is not enough experience in carpentry, it is better to give preference to patterns that do not require complex execution. Their subjects can be very diverse - flora and fauna, elements of nature, solar signs, etc.
Examples for carving elements from wood
Necessary materials and tools
Platbands can be made from a variety of materials:
- Wood (preferably);
- Metal;
- Plastic;
- Styrofoam;
- Polyurethane, etc.
In addition, some tools will also come in handy for work, which should be stocked up in advance:
- sheets of sandpaper of various numbers;
- electric jigsaw, with which it is possible to create almost any pattern; drill and a set of drills for it;
- a set of chisels;
- knives of various designs.
Sketch of architraves
Having decided on the patterns that will be used, it is necessary to start creating a sketch of future platbands. When sketching, you need to draw all the elements, including:
- the lower bar or belt, which acts as a window sill;
- frame or vertical rails;
- top carved board.
In addition to the mandatory elements, all decorative components are also drawn - tiaras, flowerpots and others.
Sketches of platbands for windows
Stencil making
Based on the finished sketches and patterns, a stencil will be created. There are several options for creating it (transferring a sketch to a material).
With the help of a graphic editor, you can edit absolutely any carved image. First you need to find it and process it using a special program - Photoshop. Any computer has a standard application that allows you to edit, draw and color. This is where you can create your own images.
If there is a photograph of a particular pattern, you can make a photocopy of it. After that, you need to set required parameters and get ready template the desired pattern or life-size figure.
You can also scan an image for later printing on a computer. Some people are willing to spend long time to create sketches. To begin with, the necessary ornament is drawn into equilateral rectangles, while scaling is used.
In this way, you can get the most correct stencil of platbands - even the proportions of the patterns can be changed with your own hands at your own discretion.
The next step is to transfer the template to a wooden blank. This can be done using the most common slate pencil or ballpoint pen. It is also possible to prepare templates using carbon paper.
The drawing is fixed with pushpins and does not move out. Further, from the resulting stencil, all the necessary elements are cut out.
Manufacture of platbands
To make platbands with your own hands, you need a whole wooden frame, which consists of several parts interconnected. First of all, you need to choose the right material.
Beech, birch, walnut, oak and alder are the most commonly used wood species. Before carrying out the main work, the selected material can be treated with a water-repellent mixture, painted or varnished.
- Taking all necessary measurements from window openings.
- Then lumber is prepared. The thickness of the board must match following sizes: not less than 30 mm if the slotted method is used, and not less than 10 mm for the overhead method of applying the pattern. Dry boards need to be planed from all sides.
- Next stage- cutting blanks.
- Then the patterns are cut. and drilling holes.
- Then the holes made can be processed with sandpaper. all accumulated dust and dirt is removed with a vacuum cleaner.
- If the overhead technique of applying patterns was used in the manufacture, then all parts are fastened with the help of nails without caps. You can also fix it with glue. But the use of self-tapping screws is categorically not recommended!
Platband installation
After the work on the manufacture of the platband, care must be taken to properly install it.
Fastening can be done in two ways:
- deaf thorn- in this case, all fasteners are in platbands, and holes of the appropriate size are prepared for them in the frame. The spike must be processed with glue, then it is inserted into the groove. This allows you to keep the appearance as it is.
- through spike- this method is easier to install, but in reliability it is significantly inferior to the first. Here, fasteners are mounted where it will not be easy to notice. And the junction of the parts is closed with some kind of decorative element.
The thorn should stand up in the nest tightly, but without using special efforts. Spikes can also be fixed with dowels made of hardwood. Glue, on the other hand, cannot perform its functions for a long time due to the aggressive influence of natural forces.
It is always necessary to take into account the direction in which the windows open. If they open outward, the casing is placed 30 mm above the window sashes. In addition, no obstacles should be created for the full opening of the frame.
Rules for the manufacture of platbands
If the starting material is wood, then the width of the board should be 30-40 mm. In addition, sheets of metal, plastic and others can be used.
The width of the material should be sufficient to hide the edges of the walls, as well as protect them from the negative effects of air humidity.
By placing the carved elements along the wood fibers, their cracking will be prevented. This is especially true when using coniferous wood. It should also be remembered that the thickness of openwork tips and bends is much less than that of the structure as a whole, which is why they are the most fragile.
For buildings from log cabin carved platbands just beg to decorate window openings. Their independent production- not at all a whim or an attempt to save money, because really good craftsmen there is very little wood carving.
Required minimum tool
The manufacture of platbands, unlike artistic wood carving, involves the repeated execution of the same type of operations, resulting in a rather primitive repeating pattern. Therefore, most of the work is done with an electric tool: this not only increases the processing speed, but also achieves uniform quality in different areas.
1 - jigsaw; 2 - drill; 3 - belt grinder; 4 - vibration grinder; 5 - manual router
The main work is done with a jigsaw and a drill. The tool must be reliable and of high quality, capable of being in continuous use for a long time. For cleaning and grinding products, it is better to use an electric grinder, at least the simplest belt grinder. Fast finishing of the relief is possible using vibration-type machines.
If you intend to add additional fine details to the edges of your product, you can not do without a router. Descents, chamfers and a figured border can also be done manually, but only with a variety of chisels, cutters and specific skills in working with wood.
How to choose wood
Best suited for platbands hard rocks wood: oak, birch, ash, maple, alder. Because the thickness finished product relatively small (30-45 mm), hard rocks will be less prone to rotting and drying out, therefore, they will retain their appearance longer.
If you plan to decorate carved platbands with flat-relief elements with many small details, you should give preference to more soft breeds With small pattern textures. Suitable linden, poplar, aspen, walnut and spruce.
Wood for platbands should be selected and, preferably, chamber dried, with a moisture content not higher than 12%. It is not allowed to have traces of warping or other pronounced defects, large branches. Ideally, you should immediately order calibrated boards with a width of 100-150 mm and a thickness of 30-40 mm.
The length of the blanks must be sufficient to completely cover window hole horizontally and vertically with an overlap in each direction by 1.5 board widths. It is important that you first count the number necessary blanks and, in addition to them, they purchased several more boards of the cheapest breed for training and practicing carving skills.
Making templates and stencils
Almost any wood carving begins with drawing a pattern on a workpiece according to a pre-made template or stencil. There are plenty of threading schemes in the network, the main difficulty comes down to transferring lines to the part accurately and without distortion. We will warn you right away: do not chase the high complexity of the drawing. A set of even the most primitive elements in the correct sequence and with well-chosen indents takes its modesty and quality of processing.
The first option for marking is the manufacture of a small piece of plastic or hard sheet material, on which a single element of a repeating pattern is applied. Such a template is successively applied to the workpiece and outlined in pencil.
It is also possible to produce a single template. You need to take a strip of paper of the appropriate width, fold it with an accordion several times, and then cut out the pattern according to the principle of a Christmas tree garland. The resulting tape must be glued onto cardboard or LMDF, and then cut out the desired shapes. This method is welcomed with a significant amount of work.
The resulting stencil is subsequently simply superimposed on the board and outlined with a soft pencil. Ideally, saturated, but precise cut lines and boundaries for further processing should remain. When marking out the details, it is also necessary to take into account the layout of the pattern so that the platbands form a solid and complete contour, and the repeating pattern is not interrupted at random.
Through hole selection
The first step is to trim the edges of the workpiece and select holes in the center. With the edges, everything is simple: we cut out the excess with a jigsaw, stepping back from the marking line 1-1.5 mm outward for further processing. To cut out figures in the center of the plane, we drill a part at the very line of each cutout, then select the inner contour with a jigsaw.
For making large holes, it is reasonable to use core drills. In this case, it is necessary to mark on the template not the contours, but the centers of the circles in which the centering drill bit will be installed. A similar technique can also be used in the manufacture of oval holes or elements with small rounding radii: a complex bend is drilled with the appropriate radius, and everything else is cut out with a jigsaw.
When the excess parts of the workpiece are sawn out, the cut edges must be carefully processed with a rasp and then sandpaper. It is recommended to use bars of square, round and rounded profiles, on which sandpaper is stuffed. This way you are less likely to "collapse" the edges and you can get right angles on each edge.
Rectangular edges look rather rough, so they are smoothed out with chamfers and slopes of different profiles. The easiest way to diversify the product is to walk along the outer and inner contours of the casing with a figured cutter. But manual processing options are also possible:
- to chamfer, walk along straight edges with a chip, keeping the angle of inclination of the handle to the part constant;
- a semicircular convex descent can also be made with chips, changing the slope of the blade, or use a concave cutter for this;
- concave semicircular pairing is performed with a chisel or a cutter with a rounded edge. Such elements must be cut out in stages, removing small chips layer by layer and carefully controlling the depth of the tool and the tilt of the handle;
- if the descent has a profile complex shape with several convex, concave and straight elements, this profile is divided into several stages and cut in a strict sequence, starting from the widest outer part and ending with the deepest and shallowest tier.
Blind carving: we apply a relief
When you're done with shaping, it's a good idea to diversify the remaining flat pieces with simple ornaments or floral designs. Here are the simplest ways to work:
- A groove (branch, furrow) is made with a narrow chisel or cutter with a square, triangular or concave blade shape. The carving is carried out strictly along the line, the relief is selected with small chips and then polished.
- Sheet - several small grooves that imitate veins cut with a circular knife. Small notches are made from the center between the veins to each of them. semicircular chisel, imitating the body of the sheet, then an external contour is drawn with a thin cutter.
- The flat areas adjacent to the descent can be diversified with a blind carving of a small ornament. For example, cut two grooves from the edge, forming a triangle with it, and punch an asterisk in the center with a notch.
Wood processing and installation of architraves
Due to carved elements wooden product has a large surface shape, due to which it is more susceptible to aging. Therefore, wood should be treated in a special way.
First of all, carvings for placement on the facade should be soaked in an antiseptic composition for 5-8 hours, for which you can dig a small trench in the ground and put a plastic film there to temporarily equip the bath. After soaking, the parts are dried for several days stacked with linings after 30-40 cm.
When the wood has dried, it must be carefully sanded, achieving smoothness and finally eliminating all traces of sawing and carving. Protective composition is selected in accordance with the type of facade finish, it can be either alkyd enamel, and polyurethane varnish, tinted or transparent.
Finally, for the correct installation of the platbands, the window opening should be framed with a flat rail 10-15 mm thick and so wide that its outer edge is not visible through the carved pattern along the platband contour. The purpose of this plank is to eliminate the remaining irregularities in the wall and provide solid foundation for fixing the carved element. Often this rail is painted in a color that contrasts with the coating of the casing itself for greater expressiveness of the pattern.
Platbands can be attached with straight and oblique trimming, depending on the type and density of the pattern. Oblique trimming is performed with a 45° cut on each side, while the cutting line must pass through identical sections of the pattern and not cross the figures cut inside.
With a straight cut, a horizontal element is placed between two vertical ones. Their upper edge should be 1-2 cm above the crossbar if the cut end is straight. It is also possible to manufacture on the edge of the thread according to general scheme if, during the manufacturing process, fitting and fine-tuning of platbands are carried out. The very fastening of the platbands is elementary - for it they use ordinary ruffed nails without a hat. It is only important that the nail pierces the casing and the lath, protruding at least 5 mm from the inside.
In Russia, many impressive houses have survived to this day. wooden patterns on window frames. This subtle art was passed from master to master, and to this day a rare house with carved platbands will leave someone indifferent. In our review, there are the most interesting examples of wooden architecture, which can be considered endlessly.
1. These were window trims until the 17th century.
Carved architraves in Russian houses have always been not only an aesthetic element, but also a talisman, which was designed to protect the house from the penetration of "darkness and navy". Therefore, the main motif of the carving was the image of natural forces - "the firmament of heaven", "the abyss of heaven" and the Sun, there were also realistic images of animals.
2. Intricate carvings on window casings.
The design of the window of the house is a kind of picture of the world. In the upper part is the sky, which in Slavic beliefs was two-level: the “lower sky” was called “heavenly abysses”, and the upper one was called “heavenly firmament”. The abyss of heaven - a symbol of fertility and life-giving moisture - is depicted as a wavy line or distinct semicircles. She could "drain" along the edges of the window, depicted in the form of droplets.
3. Special style.
The lower part of the wooden architraves was supposed to symbolize the "firmament of the earth", and therefore often had images of a plowed and sown field (rhombuses with dots inside and double intersecting stripes). The side parts of the casing were called "towels".
4. The sun sets and rises again.
5. Platband as a talisman.
All parts of the casing correspond to the cardinal points and the seasons, and when certain symbols are applied to them, the location of the symbols themselves plays an important role.
6. Modern style.
So, the most common is the placement of solar symbols on all parts of the casing. As a rule, a rhombus was used to depict the sun. It could be placed in any part of the casing, and sometimes both at the top, and on the right, and on the left, and even below. In this combination, the symbol denoted the change of seasons and day and night. In the lower part of the casing, a rhombus (elongated) denoted a field.
The sun was depicted on the architraves both as an equilateral cross, the so-called "eye from the sky" (as a rule, in the upper part of the architraves), and as a small semi-disk with rays. For the ancient Slavs, the sun was associated with energy, power, strength, it was a talisman against all evil spirits. Such images also reflect the ideas of the Slavs about the world order - in the center is the sun, personifying higher power and giving life. True, in the architraves of the Soviet era, the sun was replaced by a “flower” or a five-pointed star.
Equally important in decorating the architraves are the thunder signs that traditionally accompany the sun. The thunder sign looks like a six- or octagonal star inscribed in a circle. The Slavs called this symbol a thunder or Perun sign, a thunder wheel or a kolovrat. This sign is a symbol of courage, valor and magic sign Russian army. Sometimes it denoted the change of day and night.
There are also realistic images of birds (ducks and swans) and horses on the architraves. IN Slavic mythology the horse was the "carrier" of the solar disk. Therefore, he was depicted in the upper part of the casing, and the birds that carried away the sun at sunset - in the lower part.
Looking at the architraves, you can see a lot of interesting things, but you should always remember that the interpretation of images in different regions of Russia can be completely different - this is due to history, the subsequent adoption of symbols and their adaptation to their own culture by different peoples.
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