To have a dacha or outside the city is a longed-for dream of many residents of modern megacities. Fresh air, tranquility, moderate physical work on the site, the absence of crazy city fuss - what else is needed for a good rest! Therefore, happy owners of dachas try to spend as much time as possible there, often completely moving out of town for the whole summer season. Yes, and at other times it is very good in nature, and trips to the country on weekends or holidays are practiced throughout the year, and often country estates even become the main “residence” of the owners.
But fresh air and a calm, peaceful environment are not the only components of this home comfort. The premises must be maintained at a comfortable temperature level for residents, and this often becomes a problem. This is especially true when visiting a dacha in spring, autumn or winter, but the summer of 2017 shows that no one is immune from the cold and in such a seemingly favorable period. Not everyone has a real brick oven in their dacha, and you have to fiddle with it for a long time in order to warm up the premises during a short-term collision. Electric heaters- quite "gluttonous" in terms of spending expensive energy. But there is a very good solution that modern heating devices provide - these are gas heaters for summer cottages.
Let's get to know them better - how they are classified, what principles of work are laid down in them, how to approach the choice optimal model.
Varieties of gas heaters and the principles of their operation
Approximate classification of gas heaters, their general advantages and disadvantages
It would seem that such heaters have a common device, and is based on the principle that a burning flame heats the air, which, in turn, provides a normal temperature in the room. However, this is not at all the case. The design of many modern devices is based on the use modern technologies generation and transfer of heat. So both the design and the principle of operation for different types of gas heaters can differ dramatically.
All gas heaters can be classified into several groups:
- Thermal gas guns (powerful fan heaters).
- Ceramic gas heaters.
- Gas convectors stationary installation.
- Heaters gas catalytic action.
- Compact portable gas heaters.
- Outdoor infrared heaters.
Despite the differences in design and operating principles, all devices of this type have approximately the same advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include the following:
- Natural gas, network or liquefied, is the most affordable of all other types of energy carriers in terms of cost. That is, such heating does not require significant operating costs. Some models also require connection to the power supply, for example, to ensure the operation of fans and the operation of control units, but their electricity consumption is minimal and will not put an additional burden on the family budget.
- The design of most gas heaters is quite simple, does not have complex components, which increases the reliability of such devices.
- Modern heaters have a very decent efficiency, that is, this indicates the economy and efficiency of their work.
With some exceptions, gas heaters are highly mobile - they are small in size, easily moved from place to place, transported in a car. Many models can even be taken with you on a hike, fishing or just when going out into the countryside.
- The operation of gas heaters causes minimal damage to the environment - the products of complete combustion of gas are practically harmless.
- The devices are usually easy to use.
- Warming up the premises is carried out very quickly - such devices are not characterized by inertia in operation. For the same reason - gas heaters are very sensitive and quickly respond to changes in settings.
- Modern products of this class are equipped with multi-level protection systems, which minimizes the likelihood of dangerous situations.
- Most devices are distinguished by enviable durability - they are able to serve faithfully for 10 years or more.
Nevertheless, despite the numerous "pluses", it is not complete without negative aspects:
- In any gas appliances, it is impossible to completely eliminate the problem of fire hazard, since flammable fuel is used, and work is accompanied by high-temperature heating. These heaters require special measures precautions. It is unacceptable to leave them unattended if there are young children in the house.
- By itself, unburned natural gas is very toxic, and any leakage of it can cause very serious poisoning, up to the most sad consequences. That is, it imposes additional requirements for the safety of operation.
- The process of gas combustion requires a constant supply of oxygen, which in many models is taken directly from the room where the device is installed. This means that it is necessary to carefully consider the system of supply and exhaust ventilation so that the rooms do not create an uncomfortable, heavy, and even dangerous atmosphere for human health. By the way, the requirements for organizing ventilation directly refer to additional volumes of air circulation if gas appliances are planned to work in the room. And if with water or electric heating these questions are sometimes looked through the fingers, then in the case of using gas heaters, a dismissive approach to ventilation is completely unacceptable.
What ventilation standards should be observed in a residential building?
This is not an idle question, and ventilation requirements are not taken “from the ceiling” - they are clearly regulated by the current normative documents. You can read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to problems.
However, at correct operation such devices become reliable and faithful helpers, able to quickly and efficiently create and maintain the necessary comfort in the suburban living conditions.
Well, now consider the main types of gas heaters in more detail.
Gas heat guns
These devices really vaguely resemble an artillery piece - a large metal cylinder placed on a "carriage" - a stand.
One of the simplest types of gas heaters. The principle of operation is simple - inside the cylinder is placed gas-burner, and behind it is a conventional electric fan that creates a directed flow of air heated by the flame. The electrical part of the gas gun can be powered from the mains or from a battery. As a rule, such devices are designed for connection to a cylinder with liquefied gas (propane).
The advantage of such heaters can be called low cost and simplicity of design. They are mobile - they are easy to move to the right place, and for this purpose special handles are usually provided on the cylindrical casing.
Such devices are usually equipped with a piezo ignition system. Certain levels of protection and ensuring the safety of operation are also provided. So, special sensors monitor the presence of a flame, the temperature of the case, the oxygen content in the room. In the event of an emergency, the device will be automatically switched off and the gas supply to the burner will be shut off.
However, there are many disadvantages of such heaters. First of all, they are quite bulky for a living space. Direct combustion of gas requires a large volume of constantly supplied air, and the combustion products give off a not very pleasant smell. In addition, an open flame is a big safety minus.
Prices for gas heat guns RESANTA
Gas gun RESANTA
Another significant drawback in the operation of such heaters is a rather high noise level. It can reach up to 70 decibels, which is clearly too much for a comfortable environment in the house.
In a word, they try not to use such heaters in residential premises. But to heat, say, a workshop during work, a garage, construction site or some kind of agricultural building - this is a very good option. Due to the directed hot flow, even a large room will be heated very quickly.
Ceramic gas heaters
But such devices can already be “put into the house” by the wave. The level of safety of their operation is much higher, due to a different principle of heat transfer.
Such a device also has a gas burner, and it creates numerous, but very small flames that heat not the surrounding air, but a special ceramic emitter. He, in turn, heating up to very high temperatures (from 600 to 800 degrees) becomes a powerful source of infrared rays. Well, the merits infrared heating are known - thermal energy can be transmitted over considerable distances without dissipating in the air, but, being absorbed by optically opaque objects (including the human body), cause them to heat up. Well, heated objects, in turn, including, for example, walls, floors, ceilings, furniture, etc., will “share” heat, through direct heat transfer, with the air in the room. No fans, that is, the operation of the device is almost completely silent.
Such devices can be connected to mains gas or operate from a gas cylinder. By the way, the design of the case of many models provides for the hidden placement of a standard cylinder in it.
The range of heaters of this type offered for sale is very wide. Moreover, models can differ in size and power, and external design, and the way they are installed in the room.
So, you can buy a very miniature heater, almost almost a desktop version, with a small gas cylinder inside. Such a device is suitable for creating a local heating zone, for example, in a place of traditional rest for the owners.
Ceramic heaters can be quite "tiny" - practically desktop For full-fledged space heating, more “monumental” floor-mounted devices are used, similar to those shown in the illustration above.
It is also practiced to install heaters of a similar principle of action on the walls and on the ceiling - they specific shape housing for directional flow infrared heat in a given sector.
Such devices are very effective both for full heating of the room, and for creating zones of "increased comfort". True, ventilation will still have to be provided for them - the combustion of gas, one way or another, requires an influx of oxygen.
The security system, in addition to the protection levels listed above, also provides for the shutdown of the device in the event of its tipping over. That is, the risk of overheating, for example, the floor surface with careless handling or through the fault of naughty children, is minimal.
Video: gas infrared floor heater "Timberk 4200 M1"
Catalytic gas heaters
This type of gas heaters can be safely called the safest in operation. The fact is that there is no open flame at all - the oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons occurs on a chemical basis, due to a special fiberglass heating element, in which the thinnest platinum coating is used as a catalyst that provides the desired reaction. Be that as it may, it is still a process of "combustion", that is, oxidation, with the corresponding generation of thermal energy.
With such combustion of gas, a minimum amount of oxygen is consumed, which has a positive effect on the atmosphere in the room. The lineup- wide enough, and you can purchase both a heater for full-fledged heating of a quite decent-sized room, and a compact mobile version.
In principle, devices of the catalytic principle of operation could be considered the best option. The only downside is just enough high price on them - but this is due to the peculiarities of the technology of their production.
Stationary gas convectors
If the cottage is supposed permanent residence, or trips out of town even in winter time are regular, then the best option will be the installation of a stationary convector-type gas heater.
After installation, such heaters become almost indistinguishable from conventional heating convectors. The same characteristic rectangular case, "spread out" on the wall, with slit-like holes at the bottom - for the entry of cold air, and at the top - for the exit of heated air.
But inside, of course, the device is different. There is a combustion chamber (most often closed type) and a heat exchanger, cast iron or steel, through which flows of heated air pass. Cast iron heat exchangers are considered more durable, but they are heavy and somewhat inert. Steel is lighter, and responds faster to changes in settings or to the operation of a thermostat.
Most modern models have a closed combustion chamber, that is, air is supplied from the street, and gas combustion products are directly thrown there, which is extremely convenient. In addition, such devices do not represent fire hazard, since the flame does not come into contact with the air in the room at all. Air supply and exhaust gases are carried out through a coaxial chimney, which is led out through a hole in the wall. This, in principle, predetermines the stationary placement of such devices.
Such devices are not particularly expensive, they work equally well (after appropriate reconfiguration) with both mains and liquefied gas. Fixed installation convectors with correct selection capacities may well serve as the main, that is, the only source of heat at any time of the year.
The disadvantages are small, and even then - very conditional. This is the immobility of the device (as, by the way, of any heating radiator) and the dependence on the availability of power supply necessary for the operation of the fan coaxial chimney.
The execution can be different - from laconic forms to decorative "screens", in which, by the way, the appearance of fire can also be created, for greater picturesqueness.
There are gas fireplaces with an open combustion chamber, but with them it is somewhat more difficult - you will need to organize a full-fledged chimney. So for summer conditions this is probably not the most convenient option.
Prices for infrared heaters
infrared heater
Outdoor infrared gas heaters
Agree, it is pleasant to spend time in the evening on the street with family or friends. But sometimes cool weather just drives you into rooms where the situation is not at all the same. But there is a solution to this problem!
We are talking about outdoor gas heaters, which are capable of creating and maintaining in a certain radius around them. comfortable atmosphere even in very cold weather. Such devices are usually given a characteristic shape, stylized as street lights or original illuminated columns.
Such heaters work from liquefied gas, the cylinder with which, as a rule, is invisible, as it is hidden at the base of the device. The block with burners and infrared emitters (usually of a ceramic type) is moved upwards, and has a reflector on top - a reflector that directs the heat flow cone-shaped downwards.
However, the shape may be different - for example, the emitter is located vertically, and the distribution of infrared heat is radial in all directions. There are devices and directional action that spread the flow of radiant heat in a certain sector.
Devices are good for everyone - they are able to create a really pleasant atmosphere even in cool weather. Everything is explained simply: the state of comfort does not always depend only on the air temperature - the direct perception of infrared radiation energy also plays a very important role. Remember a frosty sunny day - the heat from the rays of the sun is very well felt by the skin. And in the photographs from the Alpine resorts, people sunbathing in the snow are quite a common occurrence. Exactly the same principle is used here.
Highly wide application similar heaters are found in places of traditional recreation, for example, on the open terraces of cafes and restaurants. To have such a device at home is very expensive pleasure, and they are found in the life of the average summer resident very rarely. But if any is planned family celebration or meeting friends in nature, then, judging by the ads, there is the possibility of renting for an evening or two. This practice is common, and for little money you can very well organize a comfortable outdoor picnic.
"Camping" gas heaters
Heaters of this type have already been partly mentioned above. They can be of various types, but they are united by small dimensions and weight, that is, the devices have exceptional mobility.
In many models, the gas tank is placed inside, very compact, like an aerosol can. Other devices are connected through a hose to a standard small capacity cylinder.
With such a heater it is quite possible to warm up the air in the tent in the evening, to install it not far from you while fishing, if it is cold to sit. They are often used in home workshops if you want to perform this or that work in the winter. And some models have another interesting "option" - a well-thought-out system of stands and brackets allows you to turn the heater into a gas stove, on which you can quickly boil water or cook food.
Prices for camping heaters
camping heater
In a word, even if heating issues are not so acute, having such a small-sized gas appliance- probably never will be superfluous.
What is evaluated when choosing gas heaters for summer cottages
If it becomes necessary to purchase a gas heater for a summer residence, you can be guided by the following criteria when choosing the optimal model:
- First of all, it is necessary to clearly formulate for yourself what the device is being purchased for. Agree that heating a living room, an outbuilding, a garage or a camping “dwelling” are completely different things. The main purpose of various types of devices has already been mentioned, but a few more tips will be appropriate.
If permanent residence is planned at the dacha, then the best choice the gas convector of a stationary installation will become - it will ensure proper savings and constant maintenance of the required microclimate. But in the case when arrivals outside the city are carried out infrequently, it is undesirable to install such a device. Firstly, it can simply be "stealed". And secondly, according to its capabilities, it will not be able to create a comfortable atmosphere in the shortest possible time - with convection heating, this requires a certain time. For such use, it is better to get a ceramic infrared heater. It is easy to bring it in the trunk of a car, and the heating from it in the sector of its action begins to be felt almost immediately - in this salient feature ray propagation of thermal energy.
- The power of the device must be suitable for the intended use. It is useless to expect miracles from a low-power compact portable heater - it will not be able, say, to provide the proper temperature in a spacious room. Yes, it is not designed for this.
If the task of replacing the heating system with a heater is not worth it, and the device will be used only in the off-season, the “race” for power will simply be inappropriate. But even in the case when the function of the main source of heat is assigned to the gas appliance, acquiring a model, guided by the principle "the more powerful - the better" - is also not too reasonable approach. The choice must be balanced - there is no point in giving extra money for excess power, which either remains unclaimed, or from which gas overruns and too hot atmosphere in the rooms will certainly be observed.
How to approach the choice of power of any heating device (not just gas) will be described in the appendix to this article.
- often equipped with thermostatic regulators, with which you can set the desired level of temperature in the room. When the set threshold is reached, the gas supply to the main burner stops, and will be resumed only after the temperature drops to a certain lower limit.
It is very convenient, in addition, if the device has the possibility of stepwise or smooth adjustment of the heating power - either the number of burners involved, or the pressure of the gas supplied to them, changes. Such options significantly reduce the consumption of "blue fuel", increase the durability of the heater, as it will mostly work in a "sparing mode".
- The degree of safety of operation of the heater must be assessed. This has already been mentioned - protection operation, that is, turning off the device in case of overheating, in case of oxygen deficiency, in case of capsizing, gas leakage and other possible emergency situations.
- Dimensions, weight, mobility, that is, the presence of a wheeled trolley or carrying handles, external design - all this is at the discretion of the future owners of the heater.
- It will be a complete gamble to acquire such equipment from the hands or in "not quite clear" outlets. Whatever one may say, gas heaters are devices of increased danger, therefore, they must be factory tested, which is confirmed in the product passport. In addition, the manufacturer's warranty will only be valid if there is a corresponding mark of a specialized store in the documentation of the device.
- Prices for gas household heaters have a very wide range - from 1 ÷ 3 thousand rubles for compact low-power models, up to 30 thousand or more - for "fancy" appliances. Here the financial viability of the buyer comes to the fore.
A brief overview of the top models of household gas heaters
The types of heaters will be considered in the order in which they went above in the article.
| Model name, illustration | Brief description of the model | Approximate price level (summer 2017) |
|---|---|---|
| "Caliber TPG-10" | A typical representative of gas "heat guns", well suited for heating utility rooms. A power of 10 kW makes it possible to heat even very large volumes - a garage or a hangar. Powered by liquefied gas in cylinders. Productivity of the device - up to 500 cubic meters of air per hour at a gas flow rate - up to 0.8 kg / hour. Weight - 5.1 kg. Requires mains power 220 V. Dimensions - 450 x 230 x 300 mm. Overheat protection. The set includes a gas reducer with a hose (there are many complaints about the quality of the hose: hard and short). | 3 000 rub. |
| "Solarogaz GII 2.9" | An excellent solution for creating local heating zones. The infrared ceramic emitter is capable of developing a heating power of up to 2.9 kW, and in the model line, in addition, there are heaters with a power of 2.3 and 3.6 kW. Convenient for working in workshops - you can create the necessary level of comfort, for example, in the workbench area. The absence of an open flame, that is, a high degree of safety in operation. Complete autonomy - no power supply required. Weight - only 1.6 kg with dimensions of 100x220x270 - it is easy to move and take with you to nature if necessary. It is easily transferred to the "gas stove" mode. Gas consumption - no more than 0.24 kg / h. The gearbox is not included. Of the shortcomings noted by users, there is only the absence of an ignition system: the operation has to be carried out manually. | 1 000 rub |
| Timberk TGN 4200 SM1 | Inexpensive domestic class gas heater with a ceramic infrared emitter. It is quite suitable as the main source of heat in a residential area. Maximum power - 4.2 kW. Three operating modes are available in terms of power level (1.4, 2.8, 4.2 kW) - three gas burners are installed in the device. There is space for a standard 12 liter gas bottle in the back of the case. The kit includes a gas reducer and a connecting hose. A wheeled trolley is provided for easy movement around the room. Dimensions - 575x400x300 mm, weight - 8 kg. All available required levels protection and protection. Piezo ignition burners. | 4 200 rub. |
| Bartolini Pullover K | Modern model with heating elements in the form of a catalytic panel. The absence of a flame provides highest level operational safety. Suitable for any premises requiring both additional and main heat source. Fuel - liquefied gas (propane-butane). Heating element power: maximum 2.9 kW, in addition, two more modes are provided - 1.2 and 2.4 kW. Gas consumption - 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 kg/h - depending on the mode of operation. Dimensions: 780x430x420 mm, weight - 15.3 kg. There is a wheeled trolley for rearranging the device. Place in the housing for the installation of a standard gas cylinder with a capacity of 27 liters. Safety system - shutdown when tilted or overturned, in case of overheating, in case of violation of the flame level, in case of excess carbon dioxide in the room. Piezo ignition, power regulator. The set includes a reducer, clamps for installing and fixing the cylinder, connecting hoses. Complete independence from power supply. Some users consider the somewhat oversized heater to be a disadvantage, that is, its bulkiness at such power indicators. The rest - only positive reviews. | 11 000 rub. |
| Alpine Air NGS-20F | This model is one of the leaders in popularity among wall-mounted gas convectors. Works from mains or liquefied gas. Equipped with a telescopic coaxial chimney through a hole in the wall. Closed combustion chamber. Cast iron heat exchanger. Energy independent automation. Minimum power consumption (18 W), which is consumed only for the operation of the fan. Seven heating power levels with a maximum of 2.2 kW. Built-in thermostat. Dimensions: 630x455x220 mm, weight - 23.5 kg. Protection against overheating and freezing. There are no drawbacks as such, except for the considerable price and some installation difficulties - drilling a hole in the wall is required. | 20 000 rub. |
| Ballu Bogh-15E | One of the most popular outdoor gas heaters, column type, with a vertical arrangement of burners and emitters. Control can be carried out both directly on the device and from a remote control. The body and fasteners are made of stainless steel. The unique fuel afterburning system ensures 100% gas combustion. The maximum power is 13 kW, which gives a very noticeable heating in open areas even in very cold weather. Regulation of heating levels (at the same time, the intensity of the glow also changes). Gas consumption - from 0.3 to 0.97 kg / h. Dimensions - 847x2410x770 mm with a weight of 40 kg. The gas cylinder with a capacity of 27 liters is hidden in the heater body. The kit includes a gearbox and a set of necessary hoses. All necessary systems of protection and protection. The thermal flask is highly resistant to both mechanical stress and temperature extremes and precipitation. There is a wheeled trolley to ensure the movement of the device around the site. A conditional disadvantage is the high price of the product. | 47 000 rub. |
| Kovea Fireball KH-0710 | A convenient portable model that can be safely called a "tourist option". It will quickly warm the air in the tent, it will become indispensable for winter fishing or hunting. There are two fixed positions of the device - for heating and for cooking, that is, as a miniature gas stove. It is connected to threaded cylinders of KGF-0230 and KGF-0450 types, and using a special adapter included in the delivery kit - to collet cylinders of KGF-0220 type. Maximum power - 0.9 kW at gas consumption - 0.066 kg / h. Dimensions - 90x180x190 mm, weight - only 565 g. There is a piezo ignition, all the necessary degrees of protection. The device is equipped unique system gas heating, which allows it to be used without problems even in severe frost. Very convenient and compact plastic case, which hides the device in the stowed position. The disadvantages of users conditionally include a somewhat overestimated, in their opinion, cost with rather modest indicators of heating power. | 6 400 rub. |
Video: demonstration of the capabilities and advantages of the Kovea Fire Ball KH-0710 gas heater
Appendix: How to correctly determine the required heat output for full-fledged space heating
So, if the heater is considered as the main source of heat for heating the room in winter, then you should pay closer attention to its power.
Prices for gas stoves KOVEA
Gas hob KOVEA
Often they operate with the ratio: 1 kW of thermal energy per 10 m² of room area with an average ceiling height of 2.5 ÷ 2.7 m. You can go along this simplified path, but a serious mistake in one direction or another is not ruled out. The point is that the scores required power depend by no means only on the size of the room - there are many other criteria related both to the location of the house (for example, the climatic conditions of the region of residence), and to the features specific premises. Therefore, it would be advisable to carry out a more accurate calculation, taking into account these factors. Moreover, such calculations will not take much time - for this we suggest using a special calculator.
Below, under the calculator, brief explanations will be given on working with them.
Specifications:
Note: Power density is the amount of power allowed over the surface area of the heater.
Frame:
Material execution:
Introductory drawing:
Position 2. Control panel type terminal box (watertight design)
Control panel components:
- Main disconnect
- thyristor converter
- stepper controller
- control device transformer
- contactors and fuses for - two units 40 kW, 380 V, 3 ph
- thermocouple controller
- upper limit controller
- switch two positions "off. - on."
- signal red light "heater on"
- connection terminals for (thermocouple type J)
Remote installation
Retransmission
Remote on/off
Scope of delivery:
- circulation heater;
- heating elements
- Control Panel
Industrial Electric Bitumen Heater
Circulating heater for heating the bitumen flowing through it in the amount of 47,000 kg/h from a temperature of 192°C to an outlet temperature of 200°C, with a power of 280 kW. Design temperature 200°C at a pressure of 4 kg/cm².
The heater is a 24" carbon steel vessel with 231 Incoloy 800 heating elements, 4" 150# ANSI flanged inlet and outlet.
The termination chamber is NEMA type 4 compliant and designed for outdoor use in a non-hazardous area.
Specifications
flanges
2" Insulation with Sealed SS304 Jacket
The heater package also includes:
Control panel
NEMA 4X steel housing
Enclosure dimensions (H x W x D) 1524 mm x 914 mm x 305 mm (60" x 36" x 12")
Jacket heater for negative temperature environment
Panel mounted window for weather protection
Power supply 380V/3ph
Self-tuning PID temperature controller (controlled temperature technological process, with standard thermocouple input type J)
Manager power transformer 120 VAC with fuse on the primary and secondary side of the transformer
Main power switch
7 pcs. isolating modulating contactor(s) for resistive loads
7 pcs. 3-phase power regulator(s) with zero crossing
7 pcs. fuse kits 80A.
Selector switch - ON/OFF with built-in indicator lamp (green)
to indicate "POWER ON"
Terminals for customer-supplied remote locking device
Rated short-circuit current 5 KA
Specifications
flanges
Heater power supply
The heater package also includes:
- One thermocouple for process temperature control.
- One thermocouple to protect the heater from high temperature limit.
Remote control panel
For installation outside the hazardous area
Proportional-integral-differential temperature controller with digital display
304 Stainless Steel NEMA 4X Termination Chamber, Size TBD
Power output and all sensor connections to the bottom of the panel
Heater housing for ambient temperature -29°С
All controls are located under the glass protecting from the cold
(22) SCR controls
Opening the door
(1) Sheath overheating protection
(2) Red illuminated reset button (RED) for visual indication of "OVERTEMP"
Green Illuminated Switch (GREEN) for "POWER ON" indication
Components included in the nomenclature of the Safety Laboratory, the entire panel is not
included in the nomenclature of the Safety Laboratory.
A list of materials and spare parts for replacement is provided after approval.
Standard control panel
Easy to maintain and operate
All operating parameters of the control cabinet are checked at the factory and on site with a wiring diagram.
The panel cover contains the following information:
Block control;
Primary burner;
Secondary burner stage;
blocking;
Pump control;
Pump blocking;
Excess temperatures;
Overpressure
Optional equipment
Hot mix heat exchanger
The thermomechanical load range of the plate is from 0.5 to 1.5 m and the "long" thermal circuit will cover a large load volume, up to 70 m 3 /h in the case of a single-phase solution - this means that all connections will be at the head. This will ensure that service and pipe work can be carried out easily and, in the event of dismantling the heat exchanger, there will be no need to dismantle the pipes. Heat transfer becomes possible when the warm medium transfers energy through the thin, high efficiency plates between the channels and delivers it to the cold antagonistic medium without mixing. Counterflow creates optimum efficiency. plates, as well entrance structure allows easy and efficient CIP cleaning (washing) of all flow surfaces.
Corrugated herringbone surface provides turbulent flow of the total effective area. In addition, this surface allows "metal" contact between the plates, and together with the locking device on the seal, the plate pack is easy to assemble. The plate pack is safely located between the movable and fixed frame supports.
| Technical specifications: | hot side | cold side |
|---|---|---|
| Productivity, m³/h | 102,99 | 108,24 |
| Inlet temperature, °C | 95,00 | 45,00 |
| Outlet temperature, °C | 79,00 | 60,00 |
| Pressure drop, bar | 0,89 | 0,95 |
| Heat transfer, kW | 1860 | |
| Thermodynamic characteristics | Water | Water |
| Density, kg/m³ | 967,26 | 987,00 |
| Specific heat capacity, kJ/kg*K | 4,20 | 4,18 |
| Specific thermal conductivity, W/m*K | 0,67 | 0,64 |
| Average viscosity, mPa*s | 0,34 | 0,54 |
| Boundary viscosity, mPa*s | 0,54 | 0,34 |
| Pollution factor, m²*K/kW | 0,0108 | 0,0108 |
| Size factor, % | 21,5 | |
| Inlet pipe | F1 | F3 |
| Outlet pipe | F4 | F2 |
| Frame/plate construction: | hot side | cold side |
| Number of plates | 66 | |
| Effective heating surface (m²) | 6,57 | |
| The total value of thermal conductivity is dirty. / clean (W/m²*K) | 8203 / 9966 | |
| Insert material | 0.5 mm AISI 316 | |
| Seal material / Max. temperature, °C | Nitrile / 140 | |
| Maximum design temperature, °C | 100 | |
| Maximum working / design pressure, bar | 10 / 13 | |
| Maximum differential pressure, bar | 10 | |
| frame type | IG No. 2 | |
| Hot side connections (F1-F4) | Flange DN 65, PN 10 / PN 16 | |
| Cold side connections (F3-F2) | Flange DN 65, PN 10 / PN 16 | |
| Liquid volume, l | 19 | |
| Frame length, mm | 538, Max number of plates 77 | |
| Net weight, kg | 164 | |
PLC control panel
Control panel with PLC, with 7” Siemens touch screen. Controls all operations of the heater and its accessories. With MODBUS TCP/IP communication protocol, communication the local network Ethernet with main point of control at the factory.
Non-explosion proof pump
transmitter for inlet pressure.
outlet pressure transmitter ( minimal control flow).
two manometers Ø 100, 0-10 kg/cm2
overflow and safety valve, PN-40, made of carbon steel, inside and AISI-304 stainless steel springs, operating at a maximum pressure of 7.5 barg, flange connection DN-25.
three temperature sensors type PT-100
for inlet temperature,
for outlet temperature,
as protection against overheating at the outlet.
temperature sensor, as temperature limiter in flue gases.
four thermal covers for placing sensors.
Burner
Control panel
Coolant circulation equipment group
Heating medium recirculation pump
Connection elements between heater and pump
Two interrupter valves, PN-16, connection with DN-150 flanges.
coarse filter PN-16, connecting flange DN-150.
three valves, PN-16, for filling and draining.
three ball valves, PN-16, connection with ½" thread.
a group of reversible pumps with an electric drive for emptying and filling the installation.
seamless steel pipes in accordance with ASTM A106 Gr. B and accessories for this pipe
Coolant capacity
Volume 3000 l, horizontal cylindrical. Diameter 1200 mm, length 3030 mm. Made from S-235-JR carbon steel.
Level cocks fitted with drain cock and glass tube for visual control of oil level.
Magnetic float switch, stainless steel AISI-316 buoy and flange; The switch body is made of die-cast aluminum. This is done in order to block the burner in the event that the oil drops to a minimum level.
collection tank
Volume 10000 l, diameter 1800 m, length 4270 mm, horizontal cylindrical.
Not included in the scope of delivery:
Chimney
bottle support
Thermal insulation of valves, tanks and pipelines
Installation and launch
Supply of electricity and fuel to the boiler
Everything else not listed above
| A | B | C | D | E | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4750 | 3125 | 2400 | 2335 | 2760 | 1715 |
The control cabinet consists of a section 600x1800x400 mm.
With the placement of the power and control parts.
The control cabinet is equipped with a 160A main switch with overload and short circuit release. Power control from 5...100% by means of a thyristor. Control is possible both via the built-in electronic controller and via PLC (Sollwert 4...20 mA).
Safety devices: built-in thermal fuse (heating elements) and insulation control against earth (heater).
Switchgear manufactured, assembled and tested
in accordance with current DIN technical standards, in accordance with accident prevention regulations and in accordance with VDE directives. Electronic documentation is indicated on the wiring diagram.
Conducting factory acceptance tests
Documentation:
Spigot table
In addition to all these advantages, the compensation air heater is the most economical means of space heating. How is this possible? It's really very simple.
The direct heating system releases 100% of its heat into the air stream. Systems with indirect heating always have an exhaust or ventilation pipe, which removes hot combustion gases from the building into the atmosphere.
The air heater has an initial peak efficiency of about 56%, as approximately 20% of the fuel is lost to the flue gases and additional fuel is lost to the heat exchanger, which is about 70% of the efficiency of the new device. The heat exchanger fails over time, and the efficiency level can drop to 40 - 50% of the total efficiency.
The air heater is not only inefficient, it cannot provide a uniform temperature because it depends on the infiltration of cold combustion air. The combustion process requires approximately 10 parts atmospheric air 1 part natural gas. There are approximately 1,000 British thermal units (btu) per cubic foot of natural gas. A typical building can lose about 3,000,000 btu/hr in normal heat loss. This means that the heaters will consume 3,000 cubic feet of combustion air every hour. This infiltrating air must be heated for the combustion process, therefore it increases the normal infiltration load of the room. The cost of combustion air alone in heaters is about $0.95/hr.
Unlike air heaters, the make-up air heater does not bring cold combustion air into the building. It also does not draw out heated air. In a compressed atmosphere, the temperature is much more uniform. The make-up air heater does not use a heat exchanger and does not extract or supply cold air to the facility. The gas burner works according to demand and its efficiency approaches 100%. All heat received as a result of combustion of fuel comes directly to the room. Natural gas contains 8% water. During combustion, natural gas generates "sensible/sensible" heat, which raises the room temperature. The water present in the gas generates "latent heat" that provides humidification in the plant. When using an air heater, latent heat is lost in the chimney.
Without a make-up air heater, the natural force of the wind combines with the mechanical exhaust of the building and creates a situation in which cold air enters the room and warm air leaves it. Cold air accumulates near the floor, and warm air rises to the ceiling. Wasted energy collects near the ceiling while workers get cold feet. All burners react to drafts of cold air at floor level by firing more intensely to compensate for cold air intrusion.
Positive pressure from the make-up air heater provides controlled displacement ventilation. The building still breathes, but now the air inside is fresher and the temperature is even. Fresh air from the make-up air heater pushes stale air and pollutants out. The volume of displaced air is controlled. Exhaust systems in washers and vulcanizing ovens, they operate at specified volumes, without annoying burner extinctions or back draft.
The occurrence of a wind tunnel passing through the equipment, which can occur in air heaters, is excluded. The cost is 20 - 40% lower than with indirect air heating.
Infiltration is the cause of strong temperature stratification. The floor is very cold, especially near the doors and in areas that are poorly insulated from the outside. Air heaters, often used for space heating, will run continuously but will never raise the temperature in cold areas to an acceptable level. Air heaters get their combustion air from cracks in the walls of a building. Since cold air constantly enters through the cracks, there is no possibility that this room will warm up. The heated air from the air heater rises to the ceiling along with the heat generated by the curing ovens and the sink. The temperature at the floor can be around 45°F, while at the ceiling around 120°F (5° - 49°C) and higher. The air heater continues to work in a vain effort to raise the air temperature at floor level to a comfortable value. Cold air continues to infiltrate, BTUs being consumed and lost as temperatures rise and cold air infiltrates.
Thus, a directly heated make-up air heater is more efficient than an air heater. Combustion air enters the heater, heats up to a predetermined value and is blown into the room for efficient energy transfer. Since the air in a building is compressed, heat is distributed through it much more evenly. Those 120°F of air that was lost under the ceiling is now distributed throughout the facility, improving overall comfort. Unlike an air heater, which allows cold air to constantly enter the room, the compensation air heater takes in only the amount of outside air that is needed to meet the needs of the room, raises the temperature to the set value and distributes it evenly throughout the building. The burner modulates to produce just what is needed, no more and no less.
The gas heater is autonomous non-centralized(as opposed to central heating with a boiler) heating system.
In it, the energy released during the combustion of natural gas is used to heat the premises.
Externally, this device looks like casing, with a gas burner installed in it and a heat dissipation panel, which is usually made of ceramics or metal alloys.
The gas cylinder can be built into the body of the device, but it is also possible to connect to the gas line.
Gas heaters for apartment and private houses
Advantages of gas heaters:
- Reliability. These heaters are simple in design, and there is no chance of burnout, as is the case with electric heaters on heating elements.
- High efficiency. Combustion of fuel directly at the place of heating allows reaching values up to 80%.
autonomy, independence from power supply. Many of these devices can operate on both liquefied and natural gas.
Therefore, even if the main gas supply is turned off or it is impossible to connect to it, the device can always be connected to a portable gas cylinder and not be left without heat.
Performance classification
Depending on the version, the following types of gas heaters are distinguished.
Portable balloons
As a rule, they are made in the form of a housing with gas equipment and a space for fixing a cylinder (there are also models with a cylinder connected through a hose). Sizes can vary from miniature for heating tents on hikes up to overall and powerful, for heating large rooms.
Powerful models, due to their size, are equipped with wheels for ease of transportation. On the body of the device there is an ignition button and a combustion intensity regulator.
Portable gas heaters work only on bottled gas.
Exists two types of gas: natural and liquefied(may consist of both natural and various mixtures, for example, propane-butane). First view- is supplied along the highways and used in stationary installations.
Liquefied- gas in liquid state, it has b about higher density and pumped into cylinders, so it is more convenient for portable use. A device designed only for natural gas will not work on liquefied gas.
Heating devices of this type are used in utility rooms, in garages, on industrial facilities for temporary heating of houses, at outdoor events, widespread use in hiking: in cases where the room small and constant heating is not required.
Due to the specifics of the application, portable gas convectors are equipped with security systems, which stop the operation of the device when the heater overturns, there is no flame or low gas pressure.
Stationary
Heating appliances for fixed installation are usually produced in the form flat panels, because they do not have a place to place the cylinder. Equipped with brackets for mounting on walls and ceilings.
They usually run on natural gas, but some models can use LPG bottles.
Important! Such “omnivorousness” is provided either with change of nozzles(for liquefied gas, the spray hole in them is smaller), or special burners, designed for both types of gas.
Stationary heaters can have both an open combustion chamber and a closed one:
- In heaters with closed In the combustion chamber, oxygen for the gas-air mixture is supplied from the street through a coaxial chimney. The latter is a construct "pipe in a pipe". On the inside - combustion products are removed, and on the outside - air enters. Heaters of this type are an order of magnitude safer than the previous ones, they have more high efficiency and do not affect indoor air quality. But installing a coaxial chimney is not always possible.
open- not isolated from the room in which the device is used.
The air for burning gas comes from the room itself, so for these devices it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation of the room (otherwise, during use, the air will be depleted of oxygen).
A traditional chimney is used to remove combustion products.
Such devices are often used as an alternative to the central heating system, in places where regular heating is needed for a long time: country houses, apartments.
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Classification by type of heat transfer
According to the type of heat transfer, the following types of heaters are distinguished.
infrared
In traditional systems, heaters first of all heat the air in the room, which is mixed by convection, evenly distributing the temperature.
This method is rather inert, it takes a long time to establish the desired temperature, since the air has poor thermal conductivity.
In addition, warm air does not mean warm objects at all, and, for example, beds in a country house can remain cold. for a long time even though the room is already hot.
These shortcomings are deprived of infrared heaters. Devices not heat the air, but the objects themselves indoors (furniture, walls, floors) and people in the zone of its action. Objects heated by IR radiation, they themselves become small sources of heat and heat the air, and a person will not be cold immediately from the moment the device is turned on.
Reference! The principle of operation can be compared with the Sun heating the Earth: despite the complete vacuum in space and long distance, electromagnetic infrared radiation from the sun reaches the Earth and is absorbed by objects, turning into thermal energy, which we feel as “temperature outside the window”.
The mechanism for obtaining infrared radiation is as follows: the gas-air mixture enters the ceramic thermal panel, burns inside, heating it up to 800-900 °C. The panel heated to such temperatures becomes a source of infrared thermal radiation.
Infrared gas heaters are used:
Infrared gas heaters operate on both liquefied and natural gas from the main gas pipeline.
Advantages of gas infrared heaters:
- economy. By heating only desired zone rooms and the absence of losses from the heat source to radiators (as in a central heating system with a boiler), you can save up to 50% energy.
- Optimum space heating. When installing a gas infrared device on the ceiling, it effectively heats the floor and lower part rooms that are most comfortable for a person. With convection heating warm air often accumulates under the ceiling, and it is still cold below.
- compactness.
- Fast and directed heating.
- Absence of necessity in the chimney.
- High price compared to gas convectors and electric radiators.
- The need for regular cleaning and calibration, and repairs can cost a pretty penny.
- They burn oxygen in the room, so you need to take care of it ventilation.
Ceramic infrared heater on gas
The radiating element here is a panel of heat-resistant ceramics with many holes. Passing through them, the gas burns out and gives off all the heat to the ceramic panel, which begins to radiate.
Photo 1. Ceramic infrared heater on gas model UK-04, thermal power 3700 W, manufacturer - "Neoclima",
This type of heating devices is also called "light", because due to heating to temperatures of the order 900°C they emit a glow that can create a pleasant atmosphere and harmoniously complement the interior.
Some models are equipped built-in electric fan, which allows you to slightly increase its power, expand the coverage area, accelerate the heating of the room.
Attention! When using such systems for a long time, be sure to provide fresh air supply into the room.
Moreover, most models of ceramic heaters are equipped with carbon dioxide and oxygen sensors, so if there is not enough oxygen in the room, the automation can simply turn them off.
Advantages:
- power;
- directed action;
- lower price compared to catalytic ones.
Flaws:
- a little bit more low efficiency;
- burning oxygen.
Catalytic IR heater
The name of these devices is due to the catalyzation (acceleration) of the gas combustion process.
They consist of a refractory grid (usually steel or ceramic) that is coated substance-catalyst - platinum and similar.
The gas entering the grate does not burn in the usual way, but is flamelessly oxidized by oxygen thanks to the catalytic coating of the thermal panel.
The catalyst contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel, hence high efficiency (up to 80%). The combustion temperature of gas in such heaters below 600 °C, therefore sometimes they are called "dark". Glow during operation is almost absent.
Thermal energy is also mainly transmitted through infrared radiation, but in catalytic heaters it is more pronounced convection heat transfer, than in "light" ceramic, where almost all the energy is emitted exclusively in the form of IR.
- higher efficiency by optimizing the combustion process;
- less active oxygen burning(ventilation is recommended, but not as critical as with ceramic heaters);
- compactness and lightness.
Cons: power is limited 2.9 kW(against maximum 5 kW for ceramics).
Convector
Unlike infrared, these devices use traditional way heat transfer through air: convection.
The main element in the convector is a metal chamber, at the bottom of which a gas burner is installed. Burning, the gas heats the entire chamber, which gives off heat to the cold air.
When heated, it rises and provides uniform circulation of heat in the room.
All models are equipped with automatic, which monitors the room temperature and controls the gas supply, as well as safety sensors ( CO 2 , gas leaks).
Convector gas heaters are produced only in a stationary version, since a chimney is required for their operation. The chimney can be traditional type (for appliances with an open combustion chamber), and coaxial(when closed chamber).
Reference! For convectors with open chamber oxygen comes from the room, so they need ventilation. Devices with a camera closed types are devoid of this drawback, the gas combustion process is completely isolated from the premises and takes place, in fact, on the street.
The heat exchanger chamber in convector heaters is made of steel or cast iron. Cast iron is more expensive and heavier, but more durable ( service life up to 50 years), has a significant heat capacity (gives off heat for some time after the burner is turned off), and the efficiency of such devices is higher. Steel chambers are lighter, but their service life is 20 years.
Scope of application - permanent heating of residential and technical premises, country houses.
Advantages of convector type heaters:
- Uniform heating, including large rooms.
- high power (up to 10-12 kW).
- Efficiency up to 92%.
- Autonomy.
- Undemanding to ventilation(for devices with a closed chamber).
Flaws:
- The need for construction chimney.
- Slow heating the room.
- To install a gas convector in an apartment, you need permission from the gas service.
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How to choose the right one for heating your home
Suitable type gas heater depends on the room, the frequency of use and the availability of gas.
As with traditional heating systems, first of all, you need to decide on the heat output of the device.
For typical houses in the middle lane is approximately estimated as 1 kW per 10 m 2 of area.
For small spaces (up to 20-25 m 2) good fit catalytic heater due to its limited power (up to 2.9 kW) and economy of use.
If your room is larger, then suitable choice there will be an infrared device, because its power is higher, up to 5 kW and can warm rooms up to 50 m2. Given the relative localization of this heater, it may be better to buy several of these devices, placing them in different parts rooms to ensure uniform heating.
Give preference to infrared heaters ( catalytic and ceramic) is only worth it if you do not use heating all the time (for example, you come to the dacha for the weekend).
Attention! Due to the open combustion chamber and interaction with the surrounding air, it is not recommended to use these devices in unventilated rooms with an area of less than 15 m 2.
Otherwise, for continuous heating, use gas convector. This device will allow you to evenly heat large rooms without affecting air quality.
If temporary heating is needed (for example, while the stove is flaring up), then portable heaters on liquefied fuel. In addition, pay attention to which gas the selected device runs on.
With constant heating, natural gas from the network should be preferred in order to save yourself the trouble of refilling cylinders.
For the street, only IR heaters with ceramic thermal panel. They are often issued in the form "thermal umbrellas" or pyramids, for vertical installation.
Portable mini infrared ovens can be used in garages and utility rooms, as well as on camping trips and picnics.
When buying a portable heater, be interested in the presence of protection (from tipping over, gas leaks, excess CO 2), especially if there are small children or animals in the house. Such systems will make the operation of the device absolutely safe.
A device with a built-in balloon: features
When choosing a gas heater with a cylinder, you need to pay attention to some little things.
For operation on liquefied gas reducer required, which reduces the pressure of the gas before it enters the burner. Check if it's included.
When placing the cylinder, make sure it is far enough away from the burner to avoid ignition and explosion.
A small overview of popular models
The following models are particularly popular.
Ballu BIGH-55 on propane
Ceramic infrared heater with balloon.
Life away from the equator dictates its own laws. Following the decline outdoor temperature cool down and the house inside. In this review, we will consider a solution to the problem by choosing the best gas heaters - from portable (for a tent) to convectors for a house or cottage that can replace a gas boiler.
Types of gas heaters
Gas convectors
Such heaters can have a closed and open combustion chamber. Closed-type models for gas combustion take air from the street and remove combustion products there through a special pipe laid through the wall. They are well suited for home or summer cottages and can become an alternative gas boiler. Models with an open combustion chamber are not very suitable for living spaces or require the use of vertical chimney.
Catalytic gas heaters
Devices of this type work by oxidizing substances on the surface of the catalyst, which releases a large amount of heat. The process is almost silent and without flame. The catalytic combustion method is more reliable, efficient and safer than conventional infrared heaters.
Ceramic gas heaters
By analogy with electrical counterparts, such heaters work due to directed thermal radiation and heat not the air, but the surfaces of walls, objects, and people present in the room. Only a gas burner acts as a heating source. The use of ceramic plates makes it possible to achieve complete combustion of fuel and eliminate harmful emissions.
Thermal gas guns
They have a cylindrical shape and work on the principle of a fan heater, in which a gas heat generator plays the role of a heating element. They work from bottled gas, and the power is usually regulated by a gearbox.
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