M microprocessor control of the split system is carried out from the microprocessor control panel, which is usually installed in indoor unit. The microprocessor allows you to perform the following functions:
memorization and playback after turning off and then turning on the system of all parameters set from the control panel;
compressor start delay for 3...6 min after system shutdown;
indoor unit evaporator temperature control in cooling mode. When the evaporator temperature is below -1°C, frost protection is activated;
frost protection delay, which is not activated during the first 5 minutes of compressor operation. Frost protection works as follows - the compressor is turned off and the indoor unit fan runs at a constant speed for 5 minutes, after that, the protection remains on until the set temperature level is reached;
ensuring automatic duration of switching on and parking of the compressor: if the compressor runs continuously for more than 1 hour 45 minutes, the compressor will be stopped for 3 minutes, then turned on and the cycle is repeated; the same happens at a room temperature of 26 ° C for 1 hour 45 minutes and at a fan speed of "low", "medium" for 1 hour 45 minutes; in the dehumidification mode at a temperature above 23 ° C and the thermostat is on, the compressor runs for 8 minutes and stops for 3 minutes, when the thermostat is off, it works for 1 minute and stops for 4 minutes; at a temperature below 23 °C and the thermostat is on, the compressor runs for 2 minutes, followed by a stop for 3 minutes; when the thermostat is off, it works for 1 minute and stops for 4 minutes;
setting the fan speed: in automatic mode the following rotational speeds of the fan of the indoor unit are selected: if the temperature difference between the set and in the room is 2 °С - “high”, if the difference is 1 ... 2 °С - “medium”, if the difference is less than 1 °С - “low”; in heating mode, the rotational speed of the fan of the indoor unit at a room temperature lower than 2 °C is “high”, at a room temperature lower than the set one by 1 ... 2 °C - “medium”, at a temperature 1 °C lower given, it becomes "low"; In heating mode, when the evaporator temperature is below 15°C, the indoor unit fan does not turn on. At temperatures up to 18 °C, the fan operates at a "low" speed. When the evaporator temperature reaches 22°C, the fan starts to run at the set speed; in heating mode, with the thermistor off, the fan speed is set to the “lowest” setting. After turning on the thermostat and reaching a temperature of 22 °C on the evaporator, the rotation speed is set at a given level.
W protection for high pressure in the heating mode, it is carried out according to the indications of the thermistor of the indoor unit. At an indoor unit temperature of 50...52 °C, the outdoor fan is switched off, and at a temperature of 46...48 °C it is switched on.
When the outdoor fan is turned off, the defrost mode of the outdoor unit heat exchanger does not start.
The defrosting of the outdoor unit heat exchanger is controlled by a thermistor installed on the heat exchanger.
Defrosting starts when the following conditions are met: in heating mode, the system has been running for 40 minutes; the temperature of the heat exchanger has reached a value below -3 °C; less than 4 minutes 15 seconds have passed since the high pressure protection was turned off.
Defrosting is terminated when the thermistor temperature reaches 3.1 °C or if the defrosting time has exceeded 10 minutes.
The four-way valve is set to the desired position 5 seconds before the compressor starts.
The indoor fan motor is equipped with a speed sensor. The signal from the sensor goes to the microprocessor. Comparing the current frequency with the preset one, the microprocessor corrects the currents so that the frequency approaches the preset level smoothly. This reduces the noise level when switching from one mode to another. If the speed feedback signal is not received within 12 seconds, the fan motor is considered to be locked. The fan switches off and on again after 3 minutes.
The blind drive is usually equipped with a stepper motor that drives the blinds. The direction of movement, speed and angle of inclination are controlled by the microprocessor depending on the temperature in the room.
The serviceability of most domestic air conditioners is controlled by light signals (flashing of the indicator light). If it does not flash when the emergency switch is pressed, the control board needs to be checked. The set of light signals may be different, for their identification it is necessary to use the service manual, but an approximate list of blinking indicator lights due to certain malfunctions may be as follows:
blinks once - the connections of the indoor and outdoor units are faulty;
flashes twice - thermistor room temperature and thermistor of the indoor unit;
flashes three times - the fan motor of the indoor unit;
flashes five times - outdoor unit power circuit;
flashes six times - thermistor outdoor unit;
flashes seven times - outdoor unit control board;
flashes ten times - drainage system.
An air conditioner is a device for regulating and maintaining optimal temperature in domestic premises, construction sites, transport and other places where people are located. The most popular are air conditioners of a compression type: they both cool the air and heat it.
The device is based on the ability to absorb heat during evaporation and remove it during condensation. Let us consider more clearly how this procedure occurs in a split system.
Schematic diagram of the air conditioner
Main constituent parts this unit is:
- Compressor.
- evaporation element.
- Thermoregulation valve.
- Fans.
Outdoor unit
The air conditioner consists of an indoor and outdoor module, the latter is located outside the building. This is caused by the noisy operation of the fan and compressor, as well as independent exhaust warm air in atmosphere.
Outdoor unit device
Despite the variety of air conditioners, their external module always has the same components:
- Compressor. It is able to compress freon and give a certain movement along the contour.
- Condenser located in the outdoor unit. It turns the refrigerant into a liquid state.
- Evaporator. The radiator is located inside the apparatus - it serves to convert freon from a watery phase to a gaseous state.
- Thermostatic expansion valve (TRV). By means of the device, the pressure of the refrigerant is reduced.
- Fans. The task of these devices is to blow the evaporator and condenser in order to create a more intense heat exchange with the atmosphere.
- Filters. These parts of the air conditioner protect the circuit from foreign particles (dirt, dust)
IMPORTANT! When the air conditioner operates in the warm air blowing mode, the outdoor unit is equipped with a four-way valve, which is controlled from the indoor unit. It is responsible for changing the modes of supply of warm and cold air flow.
indoor unit
An indoor air conditioner is needed to produce cool air in the room. The design of this unit allows you to take incoming air from the street and evenly distribute it indoors. For this reason, the main elements internal device are:
Radiator(evaporator). It got this name because freon evaporates in the tubes during the cooling stage, and the principle of operation of the circuit is based on this phenomenon. The power of the unit largely depends on the size of this device: the larger the air conditioner, the larger the evaporator should be.
It is an interweaving of tubes with plates that increase the heat exchange plane. The refrigerant moves through the capillary vessels at a certain speed and temperature.
Fan(impeller, shaft). To quickly cool the room, it is necessary to force the air flow through the cooled radiator. That's where this impeller helps.
For many models, the evaporator seems to outline the configuration of the fan, thereby making the installation of the indoor module compact. This creates an effective circulation of air masses.
fan motor. It is attached with a special bracket to the module box and serves to rotate the impeller.
Drainage bath. During operation of the air conditioner, condensation forms on the radiator. And here is for his collection there is this tray. In addition to moisture, it collects dust, dirt and other foreign particles. Therefore, for better care behind him, this device is removable.
Vertical and horizontal blinds. These elements move from small motors and are mounted under the drainage tray. At the same time, horizontal curtains regulate the air flow up and down, and vertical ones - right and left.
Command block. This microcircuit is a board to which all significant starting elements of engines and sensors are connected through wires.
Coarse filter. It looks like a mesh of plastic, to which small particles of dust, dirt, wool stick. Clean this filter once every two weeks to avoid overloading the engine.
Air conditioner operation
All components of the unit are connected to each other by copper pipes and thus form a refrigeration circuit. Freon circulates inside it with a small amount of compression oil.
The air conditioner device allows you to perform the following process:
- A refrigerant enters the compressor from the radiator at a low pressure of 2-4 atmospheres and a temperature of about +15 degrees.
- When working, the compressor compresses freon to 16 - 22 points, in connection with this it heats up to +75 - 85 degrees and enters the condenser.
- The evaporator is cooled by an air stream that has a temperature lower than that of freon, as a result of which the refrigerant cools down and is converted from a gas to a watery state.
- From the condenser, freon enters the thermostatic valve (in household appliances it looks like a spiral tube).
- When passing through the capillaries, the gas pressure drops to 3-5 atmospheres, and it cools down, while part of it evaporates.
- After the expansion valve, liquid freon enters the radiator, blown by air flow. In it, the refrigerant is completely converted into a gas, takes away heat, and therefore the temperature in the room decreases.
Then freon with low pressure moves to the compressor, and all the work of the compressor, and hence the domestic air conditioner, is repeated again.
Types of air conditioners
Manufacturers produce all kinds of air conditioners, investing heavily in their business. As a result, a modern consumer can choose any model according to any parameters.
Split air conditioners
Split units are great for small rooms.
ON A NOTE! By installation, the units are divided into floor, window, wall and ceiling air conditioners.
There are two types of such devices: separating systems and multi-separating systems. Split-system wall-mounted units consist of two blocks: a small internal node and a large external module.
In external device are the most noisy devices in operation. A multi split system is formed by combining several indoor units to a single outdoor unit. This allows you to optimally preserve the design of the house.
Ceiling Type Air Conditioners
In rooms with large area, as a rule, choose units for installation on the ceiling. Their advantage is that the cooled air is evenly distributed horizontally throughout the room without directly affecting people.
Massive air conditioner ceiling view almost invisible, and it is indispensable when you need an extensive air flow for the most remote parts of the room, while the jet length for some models reaches up to 55 meters.
There are also channel and cassette ceiling air conditioners. At the same time, the first devices are completely hidden behind stretch ceiling or in the channel, and the second type - cassette blocks have the form ceiling tiles size 600×600 mm.
split system
Although the decoupling system consists of indoor and outdoor units, it does not differ in operation from any other type of domestic ceiling air conditioner.
In the case of the external block the heat exchanger, the fan and the compressor is located. Additional elements of a split system are a dehumidifier, an expansion valve and connecting pipes.
And also to connect the unit to the mains, it contains the necessary starting and control devices.
Industrial air conditioners
Such devices are designed to serve areas of more than 350 meters and therefore they have a number of features, thereby differing from domestic air conditioners. The device of precision equipment may be different.
They are often installed in homes where a special microclimate is needed for each room - shopping malls, banks, hotels. Industrial air conditioners are divided into the following systems:
multizone devices. These VRF and VRV air conditioning units include up to 64 indoor units and up to three outdoor units. In total, they are located on communications up to 300 meters long.
For each indoor module, it is allowed to set a separate temperature and provide its own microclimate in each room. The error of the set temperature is only 0.05 degrees.
"Chiller-fancoil". Devices with this system are distinguished by the fact that not freon is used inside the circuit, but water or antifreeze. The central refrigeration apparatus is called a “chiller”, and the heat exchange elements are called “fan coils”.
The advantage of such a unit is that the distance between these components can be any, since water flows through ordinary pipes.
Central and roof air conditioners. These devices are varied in their action. They are used in the form of heat exchange units, fans, air purifiers and humidifiers.
It is called central because the air mass is processed in the indoor unit and then moves through the pipes through the rooms. The installation of air conditioners of this type and the conduct of communications is particularly difficult and it requires an external source of cold.
If possible, it is better to choose roof monoblocks, which are easier to install.
Air conditioner malfunctions
Today's climate equipment is equipped with a notification function about possible breakdowns. It is only necessary to decipher the diagnostic information.
The unit does not turn on
This is the most common breakdown in the air conditioner and for sure every user has met with it. These problems are usually due to the electrical part:
- The device is not connected.
- Faulty command chip.
- There is no communication between the outdoor and indoor units.
- The control panel does not work.
- The automatic protection has been triggered.
- Erroneous switching during signaling.
And finally, the device may fail due to the banal wear of parts.
Switching off the split system after a short work
This phenomenon occurs due to overheating of the compressor, as well as due to a breakdown of the protective relay. The unit heats up because the heatsink on the outdoor unit is dirty.
In such cases, preventive cleaning of the grate should be carried out. And also after refueling, the balance in the radiator and condenser circuits may be disturbed.
Condensate leak from the indoor unit
In the summer, owners of air conditioners can observe the overflow of condensate tanks. The reason for this may be the freezing of the heat exchanger, which should be insulated. If leakage appears at the joints, then you need to tighten the nuts. If the drain tube is clogged with dirt, it should also be cleaned.
The air conditioner does not operate at full capacity
Such a malfunction occurs mainly in the summer. The device consumes a large number of energy, but unable to provide the necessary temperature regime. The reason here most often lies in dirty air filters.
ATTENTION! Thin purifiers, ozonizers, ultraviolet light lamps, although they improve the air, but at the same time significantly affect the cost of the unit.
Smells
If an unpleasant smell began to appear from the device, then there are several reasons for this. When burning smell you need to check the wiring, and it is recommended to do this in service centers.
When the stench gives off dampness or mold, it means that a colony of bacteria has formed inside the unit. You can get rid of it with the help of an antifungal drug.
The benefits and harms of air conditioning
> Advantages of the device
The main advantage of air conditioners is that they create a microclimate suitable for a person in the room. This, in turn, increases productivity, improves mood and well-being.
Therefore, the main advantage of this conditioner is creation of favorable conditions for work or rest. The main task of such units is to lower the temperature in the hot season, and to heat the air in the cold season.
In addition, the installation of air conditioners in service centers or in Internet rooms allows you to bypass premature breakdowns of computer equipment due to overheating.
And also some models of such units are able to perform several more useful functions:
- Clearing the air space unpleasant odors. For example, often window air conditioners mounted in the kitchen and in the toilet.
- Humidification or dehumidification of the indoor air.
Cons of devices
However, if the air conditioner is used improperly, certain harm to human health can come from it:
- There is a possibility that harmful bacteria multiply in these devices.
- Climate equipment favors the spread of viruses.
- Air conditioners, passing air through themselves, kill useful elements in it.
- Compressors make noise during operation.
In fact, in most cases, this refers to myths, and such statements are not true. To avoid unpleasant phenomena, it is not necessary to be under a cold jet of air flow.
Systematic cleaning of the unit and its preventive maintenance will help to avoid improper operation of the device. And if you follow these elementary rules, then the air conditioner will create a pleasant microclimate in the room, so necessary for a person to enjoy your holiday and fruitful work.
With him in the apartment, the heat in the summer is nothing, and the dampness in the fall, when cold rains fall, and the heating system is not yet working. After buying and installing an air conditioner, there comes next stage: Connect the air conditioner to power.
This work must be carried out according to the depicted diagrams located on the covers of the air conditioner modules. There is also an instruction manual with power and connection requirements.
Connection Requirements
The design of a standard climate system includes an outdoor module, which is located outside the window, and an indoor module. Sometimes two indoor or outdoor modules are installed.
Each component of this system performs its specific tasks. For example, the external module is responsible for condensation, while the internal one ensures the evaporation of water. The modules are interconnected by pipelines and electrical wiring. Freon circulates in the tubes.
The drain tube is connected to the external module. Through it, condensed moisture is removed during operation of the system. According to the rules drainage tube must be connected to the sewerage system of the house.
AT trading network there is a wide choice of climatic systems capable to satisfy tastes of any buyer. But their design, principle of operation and connection methods do not have any special differences between them.
Connecting an air conditioner to the network in an apartment or house is very different from similar connections at production facilities or offices. Household air conditioners connected only in a single-phase circuit.
The air conditioning system is also called a split system. In practice, two basic methods are used to connect the air conditioning system:
- Direct connection to the socket.
- Separate cable to the electrical panel.
The first method is suitable for any household appliances, most often they are connected in this way. Any split system is independently connected in several stages. This order must be followed.
The figure shows the connection of the modules. You will also need an electrical diagram of the split system you purchased.
Connecting the air conditioner to a power outlet
Before making the electrical connection, it is necessary to lay the cables to the external module from the evaporator:
- Lay the cable connecting the two units.
- Lay a separate cable to the electrical panel for the high power system. In must be installed, protecting against overcurrent.
- For a medium power system, the connection is made through a socket.
Connecting the air conditioner to the outlet is used in the following cases:
- The house has an electrical network of the required capacity.
- Air conditioning mobile or window type.
- Low system power.
- Do not connect other devices to this line.
- For temporary accommodation.
The indoor module of the air conditioner must be connected to a reinforced socket, installing a circuit breaker near it. It should be noted that the operation of the air conditioner takes place on various modes, so its power can significantly decrease and increase, depending on the type of regime. Therefore, the power supply circuit of the air conditioner must have separate protection.
The manufacturer attaches an instruction to the split system kit, which contains:
- Wiring diagram for indoor and outdoor unit.
- General connection diagram.
- Scheme of the principle of operation.
Similar information is on the inner surface of the evaporator cover and on the outdoor unit body. This greatly facilitates the connection of the air conditioner at home.
Under the front panel of the evaporator there is a special box. It contains terminals for connecting wires. This system module is always installed indoors.
From the evaporator, the conductors are connected to the terminals of the outdoor module. In this case, you should be guided by the numbers of terminals and wires. The ends of unused conductors must be carefully insulated. In order to correctly understand the principle of operation and understand everything, it is necessary to be guided by the concept diagram.
The integrity of the wire core insulation is a guarantee safe work the entire system. Therefore, before electrical connection insulation should be inspected for damage.
If you cannot figure out the operation of a split system, and have never dealt with such connections, then it is better to seek help from specialists, and not try to do this work yourself .
It is not allowed to connect air conditioners to a household network country house or apartments in the following cases:
- There is no good grounding.
- There is no device that equalizes voltage drops.
- Unsatisfactory condition of electrical wiring.
- Insufficient cable section for the connected load.
- Wiring with aluminum wire, the old model.
The split system is a sensitive device. Therefore, it requires proper electrical network to ensure its normal operation. Otherwise, you will waste your money and end up with expensive repairs.
Connecting the air conditioner to the shield
Professionals advise using the safest and most reliable way split system connection: separate cable. This will ensure stable operation of the equipment. An individual line allows you to place the system units in any convenient place. When installing the device protective shutdown protection against current overload of the network will be provided.
Basic requirements for the elements of an individual line:
- Arrange for the whole customized line.
- must comply with the manufacturer's recommendations.
- The cable must have copper conductors.
- Presence or.
Harnesses electrical cables enclosed in a protective sleeve, then placed in a special plastic box fixed on the surface of the wall.
General connection procedure
- Selection necessary tool and materials.
- Studying the wiring diagram.
- Laying cables to connect the outdoor unit to the corresponding evaporator terminals.
- System health check.
Socket selection
A household outlet for an air conditioner must meet certain requirements:
- Mandatory connection to the electrical panel through a circuit breaker.
- Mandatory connection with a wire with copper conductors. If the wires are aluminum, they must be replaced.
- Full compliance with the requirements and characteristics of the manufacturer in accordance with the instructions for the air conditioning system.
- A good grounding or differential relay is recommended.
Modern Euro sockets are the most suitable for connecting high-power household appliances. To maintain the warranty on the equipment of the split system, it is advisable to connect it to the power supply by a qualified specialist who has access to such work. Connecting by yourself will void the warranty.
When installing an air conditioner that has been dismantled from another place and does not have a guarantee, you can connect it yourself, carefully following all the recommendations.
Wire selection
To ensure quality independent connection air conditioner, it is necessary to use a wire that meets the requirements of the manufacturer. Usually household electrical devices connected with a wire with a cross section of 1.5 to 2.5 mm 2. In this case, the permissible current strength can reach 18 A. With a wire length of up to 10 meters, a wire cross section of 1.5 mm 2 is sufficient; with an increase in length, a wire with a large cross section is used.
The use of aluminum wire to connect the air conditioning system is prohibited. For a single-phase connection option, a three-wire wire is used, and for a three-phase connection, a five-wire wire is used.
Do not lay the power cable of the air conditioner near heating pipes or gas pipes. The distance between them must be at least one meter.
There are two ways to lay wires for an air conditioner:
- The wires assembled in bundles are placed in strobes, hollowed out in the wall, and fixed with clamps. Then the strobes with the cable laid are plastered with building gypsum. If it is necessary to repair the wires, the plaster can be easily opened.
- Electrical wiring is placed in plastic boxes (), which are fixed on the wall surface.
Evaporator connection
The general principle of connecting different units of the system is the same, apart from some features.
The procedure for connecting a remote module (evaporator):
After connecting both units, it is necessary to finally check the correctness of the connection diagram. After a thorough check, a performance test and a short-term connection of the air conditioner are performed.
Errors when connecting a split system can lead to equipment malfunctions and failure of individual elements.
When buying a room air conditioner, it is very important to choose the right one. specifications and be responsible for the installation. According to statistics, most of the breakdowns of air conditioners occur due to their incorrect and unskilled installation. Correct sequence connecting the electrical circuit of the air conditioner is a guarantee of its high-quality and long-term performance. If the air conditioner is still installed incorrectly, then the following negative characteristics may subsequently appear: condensate leakage into the room, freon leakage, etc.
There are two types of installation of air conditioners in the premises: standard and non-standard. Standard installation - the most common, installation of the air conditioner near the window, since the compressor is located outside. It is possible to perform installation in rooms with completed repairs. Such installation is not expensive and does not take much time.
Non-standard installation of an air conditioner is quite expensive and painstaking work, which is recommended to be done only in the process of repairing a room, since it involves chasing the walls.
Regardless of which installation option you choose, in order to avoid all negative consequences, before starting the installation of the air conditioner and fixtures, it is worth finding out important points. For example, such as the external connection and wiring diagram, the electrical system of the device, the location of the input devices, the cross-section of the wires and the future cable routes, find out the characteristics of the walls involved in the wiring route. Wiring diagram air conditioner must comply with the rules for the installation of electrical installations and regulatory documents. The participation of a professional team of specialists with the necessary equipment is also important.
Air conditioner connection diagram
The electrical connection diagram of the air conditioner includes the laying of external wiring, fixed every 50 cm with special clamps. The electrical wiring that fits into the boxes is attached to the wall using glue and screws, and concealed wiring located in recesses in the wall corrugated pipes attached with clamps.
When choosing a place to install an air conditioner, first of all, you need to take care of aesthetic characteristics: design and interior. It is recommended to install the air conditioner in the under-ceiling area in a place where a lot of time is not spent, as direct currents of cold air can lead to colds.
Refrigerant circuit diagram
Below is a diagram of the refrigeration circuit of the air conditioner.
The diagram was taken not from a textbook, but from the manufacturer's service documentation, therefore the designations are given in English.
Compressor- compressor, "the heart of the air conditioner." The compressor compresses the refrigerant and pumps it around the circuit.
heat exchanger- heat exchanger,
- outdoor unit- the external unit, that is, the condenser, cools the compressed freon below the condensation temperature
- indoor unit- indoor unit - evaporator, in it the working substance evaporates, lowering the temperature
expansion valve- expansion valve
In another way, TRV is a thermostatic expansion valve. Provides supply required amount coolant.
In simple air conditioners, its role is played by a capillary tube, without any adjustment, in inverter systems - by an electronic expansion valve.
2 way valve- a two-way valve, that is, a conventional valve, with two positions - open and closed
3 way valve - three-way valve, in the air conditioner, this is the service port to which the pressure gauge hose is connected to measure pressure or charge.
4 way valve- four-way valve, provides refrigerant reversal for air conditioner operation in heating mode
Strainer- filter, in this diagram it is a filter-drier, as it is installed before the expansion valve (and after, since the system can operate in reverse mode and the refrigerant changes its direction of movement).
Its task is to prevent moisture from entering the thin channel of the expansion valve - as moisture will clog it, preventing the refrigerant from passing through.
Muffler- muffler
The arrows indicate the direction of freon movement along the contour:
- solid arrow - in cooling mode
- dotted arrow - in heating mode
Also, in more complex and advanced air conditioners, they install:
- Pressure Sensors
- liquid refrigerant separators
- bypass lines
- injection systems (injection) into the compressor
- oil separators
Scheme of a multi split system
Multi split system- this air conditioner has one outdoor unit and several indoor
In this case, a few more internal blocks are added, as well as:
distributor- a distributor that splits the refrigerant flow and directs it to several indoor units.
The scheme also contains elements that are used not only in multi systems:
receiver tank- receiver.
The receiver has several purposes - protection against compressor water hammer, freon drain during repairs, etc.
AT this case this is a linear receiver that prevents freon gas from entering the expansion valve
Scheme electrical connections outdoor unit split system:
Terminal - terminal block to connect interconnect cable for connection with the indoor unit.
N- electric neutral
2 - power supply to the compressor from the control board of the indoor unit
3 - supply power to the fan motor for operation at 1st speed
4 -
supply power to the fan motor for 2nd speed operation
5 - power supply to the four-way valve actuator for switching to heating mode
Compressor
C- common - common output of the compressor windings
R- running - working winding of the compressor
S- starting - phase-shifting winding of the compressor motor, starting
Internal overload protector- internal overload protection
Compressor Capacitor- an electric capacitor, in this case a working one (there are also starting ones, currently they are not used in air conditioners)
fan motor- engine, fan motor
thermal protector- protection against overheating, usually placed directly on the motor windings and breaks the circuit when the temperature is exceeded.
Fan Motor Capacitor- fan motor run capacitor
SV- solenoid valve - solenoid valve, which actuates the four-way valve mechanism.
Scheme of the indoor unit of the air conditioner
Terminal block
On the terminal block, in addition to interconnections, there are also clamps for connecting power (power can be supplied and vice versa - to the external unit)
L, N- electric line and neutral of single-phase supply
Filter Board- filter board, reduces the level of interference in the power supply
Control Board- control board - controls all devices, receives data from all sensors, performs thermoregulation, displays information for the user on the display, performs self-diagnosis.
main relay- the main relay is a power relay that supplies voltage to the compressor.
display board - the display module can be a line of LEDs that show the presence of power, the selected mode, an error code, or a display that also displays the temperature.
Thermistor- thermistor, thermistor, temperature sensor
Room temp. - room temperature sensor
pipe temp. - heat exchanger tube temperature sensor, evaporator
Temperature sensors can also be located in:
- control panel - to maintain the temperature at the point where the remote control is located (for example, the "I Feel" mode).
- at the inlet, outlet and midpoint of the evaporator
step motor- stepper motor,
It is used to open louvre grilles, curtains covering the fan
Many of us use air conditioners at home or at work to cool the air in our rooms. But not everyone knows how they function. The purpose of this article is to explain the structure and principle of operation of a split system, which are most often encountered in our daily life.
Household air conditioner device
Modern split-system is divided into two parts - outdoor and indoor units. Each of them performs its function and contains a set of appropriate equipment. Inside the case of the outdoor unit there is a heat exchanger - a condenser, a fan designed to drive air through it, and a compressor - a pressure supercharger. Of the smaller, but no less important functional elements, a dehumidifier, an expansion valve and copper connecting pipes should be distinguished. In addition, the device of this node provides for power supply from the mains, for which it has the necessary electrical elements, as well as automation tools.
Note. In the case when the design provides for the operation of a split system for heating, a four-way valve with an electric drive, a compressor heater and a condensing pressure regulator are additionally installed in the outdoor unit.
The inside of the air conditioner, in addition to the housing, contains a heat exchanger - an evaporator with, filter elements, louvers for directing the air flow and a condensate collection tray. Between the indoor and outdoor units, 2 lines for the refrigerant are laid, it moves through a pipe with a large diameter in the form of a gas, with a smaller one - in a liquid state. The figure below shows the device of a split system with an indication of the main elements:
1 - compressor; 2 - four-way valve for switching between winter and summer modes; 3 - electronic block; four - axial fan; 5 - heat exchanger - condenser; 6 - lines for the refrigerant; 7- centrifugal fan; 8 - heat exchanger - evaporator; 9 - coarse filter; 10 - fine filter.
Principle of operation
Split - system, like any refrigeration machine, is very different high efficiency. For example, a chiller that consumes 1 kW of electrical power has a cooling capacity of approximately 3 kW. At the same time, no laws of conservation of energy are violated and the efficiency of the installation is not at all 300%, as you might think.
It should be understood that the principle of operation of an air conditioner is not to produce cold, but to transfer thermal energy from one place to another through a refrigerant called a working fluid.
Freon acts as a working fluid, whose boiling point is almost 100 ºС lower than that of water. The trick is that for vaporization, any liquid must receive a large amount of thermal energy, its working fluid takes away from room air in the evaporator. In physics, this energy is called specific heat vaporization.
Freon evaporated in the indoor unit through a large-diameter tube enters the compressor, which creates pressure in the split system and further, into the heat exchanger-condenser. The working fluid under pressure condenses intensively in it upon contact with the outside air, releasing previously absorbed heat into the atmosphere. Only now it is called the specific heat of condensation, with a constant amount of freon in the system, its value is equal to the expended energy of vaporization. How the described process takes place is shown by the diagram of the split system air conditioner:
After entering the liquid phase, the refrigerant passes through the dryer to separate moisture and enters the expansion valve. Here at the expense sharp increase the size of the channel (nozzle), the pressure decreases and the working fluid returns to the evaporator again for the next portion of heat.
From electrical equipment that consumes significant power, you can see two fans and a compressor in the diagram, other sources of energy consumption are negligible. That is, the 1 kW of electricity given in the example is spent only on the rotation of the axes of the fans and the compressor, freon does the rest of the work.
All other functions - for automation systems. Upon reaching set temperature in the room, the sensor sends a signal to the control unit, and it stops the compressor and fans, the process stops. Air environment the room has warmed up - and the sensor again initiates the start of the cooler, such a cyclic work in progress continuously. At the same time, inverter split systems, whose design is slightly different from conventional air conditioners, never stop the process. Such units are characterized by a smooth temperature change and a quiet operation of the compressor.
Note. During intensive heat exchange processes, the moisture contained in the air falls on the fins of the evaporator and condenser; for its collection and removal, the design of the air conditioner provides for a bath and a system of pipes.
To switch the unit to the air heating mode, the direction of movement of the working fluid is switched, as a result of which the heat exchangers change functions, the outer one becomes an evaporator and takes heat from environment, and the internal one acts as a capacitor, transferring this energy to the room. To redistribute flows, a four-way valve was introduced into the circuit so that you do not have to be tricky with the compressor.
Conclusion
Split system, like others refrigeration machines, is very economical due to the efficiency of its work. It is for this reason that they have gained wide popularity for creating comfortable conditions in buildings for various purposes.
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