Supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house recuperator. Recuperator for an apartment. Is it possible to independently install a household heat exchanger

As part of the project, we decided to answer the questions of portal users regarding the selection and installation of recuperators.

Of these units will be put into operation at our construction site which determined the subject of this article. Questions regarding the types of ventilation systems and the criteria by which recuperators should be selected will be discussed with the help of manufacturers - engineers from TURKOV.

In this article:

types of ventilation systems;
what are the advantages of the recuperator;
according to what parameters should a recuperator be chosen;
basic and additional functions recuperator;
sanitary standards for the installation and connection of the heat exchanger.

So why was chosen supply and exhaust system? To fully understand the issue, consider the varieties of modern supply and exhaust systems.

natural ventilation

Natural ventilation - a system that includes wall and window inlet valves (providing fresh air access to the room), as well as an exhaust duct system (removing exhaust air from toilets, bathrooms and kitchens). Possibility of air exchange if available natural ventilation provided by the temperature difference between inside and outside.

The advantages of such a system are its simplicity and low cost, the disadvantages include low efficiency and insufficient quality of air exchange. Also, the disadvantages include a large load on the heating system and seasonal instability. For example, in summer, when the temperature of the indoor and outdoor air equalizes, the air exchange in the room practically stops. In winter, on the contrary, the system works more efficiently, but this requires additional costs for heating the air coming from the street.

Combined system

Combined ventilation - a system with forced exhaust and natural air flow. Its disadvantages:

The energy efficiency of a combined system is even lower than that of natural ventilation. The fact is that fans create a stable flow of exhaust air, and this significantly increases the load on the heating system.
Poor quality of air exchange in the house (the hood does not work constantly, but only in the process of using bathrooms and kitchens). Even with permanent job exhaust fans, the air exchange in the room will not be able to reach the level that is necessary for a comfortable stay.

The advantages of the combined system are its relatively low cost and the absence of seasonal problems with draft in the exhaust duct. However, in terms of the level of air exchange and functionality, the combined system falls far short of a full-fledged supply and exhaust ventilation.

Classic forced system

Classical forced ventilation ensures the circulation of air flows in the given modes and volumes. This system is equipped with supply and exhaust air ducts, as well as specialized ventilation equipment capable of all year round maintain stable air exchange in the room. Such systems have one big disadvantage: they are very energy consuming when used in winter period. This is explained by the fact that the cold air flow from the street must be constantly heated to a comfortable room temperature.

Forced system with recuperator

Forced ventilation with a heat exchanger is the most advanced system capable of circulating air flows in specified modes and volumes. Its operation is associated with minimal energy consumption. After all, the flow from the street is first heated by a heat exchanger (due to the heat contained in the exhaust air), and then the air is additionally heated to a temperature comfortable for a person. In many developed countries, this technical solution has already become a building standard, enshrined at the legislative level.

Given the growing demands for the comfort of living spaces, any new house it is advisable to equip not just standard ventilation ducts, but a multifunctional and economical forced ventilation system. The system based on the heat exchanger provides the supply of clean air with a comfortable temperature and at the same time removes the exhaust air masses outside the premises. At the same time, heat (and sometimes moisture) is removed from the exhaust stream and transferred to the supply stream.

Why did you choose an enthalpy heat exchanger

Firstly, unlike classical ventilation, the heat exchanger allows you to significantly save on the operation of the equipment. Secondly, the cost of a heat exchanger is not much higher than the cost of a classic ventilation equipment. Thirdly, during the operation of the heat exchanger, 80% of the heat of the exhaust air is returned back to the supply air, which significantly reduces the cost of heating it.

On hot summer days, heat exchange takes place in reverse direction which also saves on air conditioning. Simultaneously with the transfer of heat in the heat exchanger, moisture is transferred from the exhaust air to the supply air. In physics there is such a thing as "dew point". This is the moment when the relative humidity of the air reaches 100% and the moisture passes from gas state liquid (condensate). Condensate appears on the surface of the heat exchanger, and the lower the outside temperature, the more likely it is that condensate will form on the heat exchanger. Since the enthalpy heat exchanger allows moisture to be transferred from the exhaust air to the supply air, the “dew point” shifts to a very low temperatures. The recuperator allows you to maintain a higher relative humidity supply air (compared to classical ventilation), and also significantly increases frost resistance and eliminates the need for condensate drainage.

The presence of the above functions fully explains the choice of such a supply and exhaust unit.

We present a functional diagram of the installation.

Where:
M1 and M2 - supply and exhaust fans;
D (1, 2, 3) – temperature sensors;
K (1, 2, 3) - heat exchangers;
F (1, 2) - air filters.

What are the parameters to choose a recuperator

The first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing a model of a supply and exhaust heat exchanger is the wording used by the equipment manufacturer or seller. Often we hear the following: “efficiency up to 99%”, “efficiency up to 100%”, “operation up to -50ºС” - all these phrases are nothing more than a manifestation of a marketing strategy with a simultaneous attempt to mislead the buyer. As the experience of operating recuperators in the Russian climate has shown, metal recuperators work stably when the temperature drops to -10ºС. Then the process of reducing the efficiency begins due to freezing of the heat exchanger. To prevent this from happening, many manufacturers use additional heating sources (electric preheating).

The second thing you need to pay attention to is the thickness of the equipment case, the material from which the frame of the case is made and the presence of cold bridges in the case. Again we return to the experience of use: consider the features of the case with a thickness of 30mm. This case cannot withstand lowering outdoor temperature to -5ºС and it must be isolated additionally. If the case is made of an aluminum frame, then additional insulation will also become an integral part of it. After all, aluminum is one big bridge of cold, “spread out” around the entire perimeter of the case.

Thirdly, one of the common mistakes when choosing a heat exchanger is that the buyer does not take into account the free pressure of the fans. He sees only the magic figure - 500 m³ and the price - 50 thousand rubles, and that the fan has a pressure of 0 Pa at 500 m³, the buyer will know only after the repair of the house is completed, that is, during the operation of already installed equipment.

The fourth selection criterion is the availability of automation and the ability to connect optional components to it. Automation can significantly reduce operating costs and achieve maximum comfort when operating equipment.

With regard to performance: the main design parameter is the volume of air that must enter the room within one hour. In accordance with sanitary standards, this volume should be equal to 60 m³ per adult or one hour per hour of the total cubic capacity of the premises served (living room, kitchen, bedrooms). When choosing a heat exchanger, you need to look not only at the performance of the installation, but also at the pressure of the fans that pump your ventilation network around the house.

It is better to entrust the calculation of the required performance to specialists. Indeed, in the event of an error, the replacement of the heat exchanger will require tangible financial costs.

When calculating and choosing an installation, in order to obtain more accurate information, you will have to read specialized literature and forums, call equipment manufacturers and suppliers (the topic is very extensive). It is always better to turn to specialists. And for those people whom this advice does not stop, it is still recommended to confirm the correctness of the choice with the equipment manufacturer or distributor.

The choice of heat exchanger according to the type of construction

It cannot be said that some recuperator is worse or better, each type of recuperator has its own strengths and areas of application. The efficiency of a rotary and plate heat exchanger is absolutely the same, since the efficiency depends on two parameters: on the area of the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger and on the direction of the air flow in the heat exchanger.

The design of the rotary heat exchanger allows partial mixing of the supply and exhaust flows, since the brush is the insulator of the air flows in it. Fine bristle brush, in itself, is a poor insulator between air flows, and a small imbalance in the system leads to an even greater flow of exhaust air into the supply duct. Also, the weak link in the rotary heat exchanger is the engine and the belt that turns the rotor: additional moving parts reduce the overall reliability of the equipment, as well as increase energy costs for recuperation. The rotary heat exchanger can only be installed in one position, which also reduces the possibility of its use at home. The main objects for the use of rotary heat exchangers are shopping centers, hypermarkets and other public buildings with large area, where air flow is only for the benefit of the owners of the building.

We present a diagram of the operation of a rotary heat exchanger.

Plate heat exchangers, unlike rotary devices, are not so massive, but at the same time they are easy to install and reliable in operation. Among plate heat exchangers special attention deserves membrane-type equipment. A special polymer membrane built into the heat exchanger returns moisture from the exhaust air to the supply air. At the same time, it prevents the formation of condensate, as well as the formation of ice inside the device (during its operation at low temperatures).

On the basis of plate heat exchangers, it is possible to build a multi-stage recuperation, which avoids direct contact of the coldest air flow (coming from the street) with the warmest one (coming from the house). And in conjunction with an enthalpy heat exchanger, this technology allows you to avoid freezing of the heat exchanger. A smooth decrease in the temperature of the exhaust air and a gradual increase in the temperature of the supply air inside the heat exchanger make the device resistant even to the temperatures of the Far North. As practice shows, such equipment successfully works in the most severe climatic conditions, for example, in Yakutsk.

PiterPro FORUMHOUSE user

Plate heat exchangers use different material. Plastic and metal heat exchangers freeze up. Membrane heat exchangers use a thin film that only allows moisture to pass through. There are two or three heat exchangers in such an installation at once, depending on the model.

Efficiency is one of the main characteristics of the heat exchanger, and special attention should be paid to its value before purchasing the unit.

It is important to choose a heat exchanger for your home that has sensitive and reliable automation. After all, there is nothing worse than equipment that is constantly involved in work and requires attention with enviable regularity. Modern automation of recuperators opens up additional opportunities for users:

separate adjustment of the supply and exhaust fan;
air conditioning control;
humidifier control;
automation and dispatching.

And design features allow you to equip the device additional options and systems:

automatic fan power control system - VAV-system (maintaining a constant air flow);
system of automatic adjustment of air flow by CO2 sensor (regulates the pressure of the air flow depending on the content of carbon dioxide in the exhaust duct);
timer with multiple events per day;
water or electric air heaters;
additional air dampers;

This also includes an improved filtration system.

When choosing equipment, consider air handling unit, as a climatic complex that will maintain air flow, as well as temperature and humidity (if necessary) in a given mode. Installing additional heaters, coolers, VAV valves, humidifiers or dehumidifiers is already becoming a vital necessity today.

Shuvalov Dmitry

If the heat exchanger itself cannot maintain the desired supply air temperature, then the device should be retrofitted with a heater of the appropriate power. On average, if the design temperature in the duct does not fall below +14...+15°C, then the heater may not be installed. My opinion is this: it is better not to turn on the heater if it is not needed, than when it is needed - there will be nothing to turn on.

The systems and devices listed above make it possible to minimize human participation in system management and improve the quality of the microclimate in the house. A modern climate system is able to constantly monitor the performance of all units of optional equipment and, if necessary, warn the user about problems in the operation of the system and changes in the microclimate in the room. Using VAV systems the operating costs of the installation are significantly reduced by temporarily and / or partial disconnection of individual rooms from the ventilation system.

Currently, there are models of recuperators that are able to connect to individual "" systems using the ModBus or KNX protocols. Such devices are ideal for connoisseurs of advanced and modern functionality.

Additional selection criteria

When choosing a heat exchanger, it is important to pay attention to the noise level that it creates during operation. This indicator depends on the material from which the device case is made, on the thickness of the case, on the power of the fans, and on other parameters.

According to the type of installation, recuperators are suspended (mounted on the ceiling) and floor-mounted (installed on a flat horizontal surface or hung on a wall). Outlets for ventilation ducts can be either on two sides (“through” layout) or on one side (“vertical” layout). Which heat exchanger is right for you - it depends on the specific parameters of your ventilation system and on where exactly the supply and exhaust equipment will be installed.

Installation recommendations mainly refer to the rooms in which the heat exchanger should be installed. First of all, boiler rooms are used for installation (if we are talking about private households). Also, recuperators are mounted in basements, attics and other technical rooms.

If this does not meet the requirements technical documentation, then the unit can be mounted in any unheated room, while the wiring ventilation ducts, if possible, should be mounted in rooms with heating.

Ventilation ducts passing through unheated premises (as well as outdoors) should be made as insulated as possible. Air ducts running from the equipment to the street (supply and exhaust) are also necessarily insulated. It is also necessary to insulate the nodes of the passage of air ducts through the outer walls.

Considering the noise that the equipment can produce during operation, it is best to place it away from bedrooms and other living areas.

As for the placement of the recuperator in the apartment: the best place for him there will be a balcony or some technical room.

In the absence of such an opportunity, free space in the dressing room can be allocated for the installation of the heat exchanger.

Be that as it may, the location of the installation largely depends on the layout of the apartment or house, on the layout and location of the ventilation network, and on the dimensions of the device.

Particular attention is recommended to be paid to such an element as a crossbar. Already existing crossbars can become a big problem when laying a ventilation network. get around given element it is possible only through a technical room or a built-in closet, which is far from always possible. Therefore, you should think about the ventilation project even when designing a house, having previously provided for the presence of walk-through windows in the crossbar. The same recommendation applies to the nodes of the passage through the roof.

Which rooms to connect to the recuperator

If a heat exchanger is built into the ventilation system, then it is recommended to equip the premises with exhaust ducts common use(corridors, hallways, etc.), as well as technical rooms. At the same time, fresh air should be supplied to living rooms: bedrooms, offices, halls, etc.

However, there are situations in which the connection of bathrooms to a ventilation system with a heat exchanger is allowed (please note that we are talking about rooms, and not about exhaust hoods located in these rooms). But due to the cold Russian climate, with such a connection, it is necessary to observe a lot of nuances, which is far from always possible. In any case, with the question of the possibility of such a connection, you need to contact the relevant specialists. It is strongly not recommended to independently connect bathrooms to the heat exchanger.

DiJo FORUMHOUSE user

The air intake should be done from the side where the winds blow less (so there will be less dust).

The supply air intake should be located at a sufficient distance from exhaust openings, from chimneys and other sources of pollution.

Works on installation and maintenance of the heat exchanger should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer. It is advisable to involve specialists who are familiar with all the nuances of operating such equipment to perform installation work.

Ventilation in rooms can be natural, the principle of operation of which is based on natural phenomena(spontaneous type) or on air exchange provided by specially made holes in a buiding (organized ventilation).However, in this case, despite the minimum material costs, dependence on the season, climate, as well as the lack of the ability to purify the air do not fully meet the needs of people.

Supply- exhaust ventilation, air exchange

Artificial ventilation allows you to provide more comfortable conditions for those in the premises, but its installation requires certain X financial investments. She is also quite energy-consuming . To compensate for the pros and cons of both types of ventilation systems, their combination is most often used.

Any is Artificial ventilation system according to its purpose is divided into supply or exhaust. In the first case, the equipment must provide forcedair supply to the room. At the same time, the exhaust air masses are brought out in a natural way.

Video - Supply and exhaust ventilation with recuperation in the apartment

general information

Service life of the equipment ventilation unit, manufactured by our company, is installed subject to the observance of the operating rules and the timely replacement of filters and parts with a limited resource. The list of such parts and their resource is indicated in the User's Manual for each specific model.

To avoid misunderstandings, we kindly ask you to carefully study the User Manual, pay attention to the conditions for the emergence of warranty obligations, check that the warranty card is filled out correctly. The warranty card is valid only in the presence of correctly and clearly indicated: model, serial number of the product, date of sale, clear seals of the seller, installer, buyer's signature. Model and serial number Products must comply with those specified in the warranty card.

Warranty Limitations

In case of violation of these conditions, as well as in the case when the data specified in the warranty card is changed, erased or rewritten, the warranty card is invalidated.

In this case, we recommend that you contact the seller to obtain a new warranty card that meets the above conditions. In the event that the date of sale cannot be determined, in accordance with consumer protection legislation, guarantee period calculated from the date of manufacture of the product.

Guarantee for recuperators 7 years.

A 7-year warranty applies to equipment operated according to all operating rules prescribed in the "ZENIT Equipment Operation Manual". The warranty does not apply to equipment operated in rooms with high humidity (pools, saunas, rooms with humidity over 50% in winter), but the warranty can be maintained if the equipment is equipped with a duct dehumidifier.

Delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region up to 10 km from the Moscow Ring Road

Delivery times are indicated in the card of each product. Shipping costs are charged separately. Delivery is carried out by a transport company.

Delivery to regions

Delivery to the regions is made after 100% payment for services transport company. Shipping costs are not included in the order price.

general information

If you want to know about the terms of delivery and payment, but do not want to read about them, then contact the sales assistant in your city, who will definitely help you.

Prices on the website may differ from retail prices in different regions, this is due to logistics costs. The price of the ordered goods is valid for 24 hours from the moment of placing the Order.

Payment by credit card on the site

Payment bank card on the site through the payment system. After placing and paying for the order, our sales assistant will contact you to confirm the Order and specify the delivery time.

Many of the buildings currently under construction, both industrial and residential, have very complex infrastructures and are designed with the greatest emphasis on energy efficiency. Therefore, without installations of systems such as systems general ventilation air, smoke protection systems and air conditioning systems, it is impossible to do without. To ensure efficient and long service life of ventilation systems, it is necessary to design and install a system of general air ventilation, a smoke protection system and an air conditioning system with high quality. Installation of such equipment of any type must be carried out with the obligatory observance certain rules. And according to the technical characteristics, it must correspond to the volume and type of premises in which it will be operated (residential building, public, industrial).

Of great importance is the correct operation of ventilation systems: compliance with the terms and rules for preventive inspections, scheduled preventive repairs, as well as the correct and high-quality adjustment of ventilation equipment.

For each ventilation system put into operation, a passport and an operating log are drawn up. The passport is drawn up in two copies, one of which is stored at the enterprise, and the other in the technical supervision service. Everything is entered in the passport specifications systems, information about the repair work, copies of executive drawings of ventilation equipment are attached to it. In addition, the passport reflects a list of operating conditions for all components and parts of ventilation systems.

All data of the planned inspection of ventilation systems must be indicated in the operation log.

Operation of ventilation systems

Many of the buildings currently under construction, both industrial and residential, have very complex infrastructures and are designed with the greatest emphasis on energy efficiency. Therefore, it is impossible to do without the installation of ventilation systems, and in most cases, air conditioning. To ensure long-term and high-quality service of ventilation systems, it is necessary to choose the right ventilation. Installation of such equipment of any type must be carried out with the obligatory observance of certain rules. And according to the technical characteristics, it must correspond to the volume and type of premises in which it will be operated (residential building, public, industrial).

For each ventilation system put into operation, a passport and an operating log are drawn up. The passport is drawn up in two copies, one of which is stored at the enterprise, and the other in the technical supervision service. The passport contains all the technical characteristics of the system, information about the repairs carried out, copies of the as-built drawings of the ventilation equipment are attached to it. In addition, the passport reflects a list of operating conditions for all components and parts of ventilation systems.

According to the established schedule, scheduled inspections of ventilation systems are carried out. During scheduled inspections:

Defects are identified, which are eliminated during the current repair;

The technical condition of ventilation systems is determined;

Partial cleaning and lubrication of individual components and parts are carried out.

All data of the planned inspection of ventilation systems must be indicated in the operation log.

Also, during the working shift, the on-duty operational team provides for scheduled overhaul maintenance of ventilation systems. This service includes:

Start-up, regulation and shutdown of ventilation equipment;
Supervision of the operation of ventilation systems;
Parameter Conformity Control air environment and supply air temperature;
Elimination of minor defects.

Commissioning of general air ventilation systems, smoke protection systems and air conditioning systems

Stage commissioning is very milestone, because it depends on the commissioning quality work ventilation and air conditioning.

During commissioning, you can see the work of the installation team, and the parameters specified in the project, the equipment indicators are checked and compared with the indicators specified in the project documentation. During the examination, a complete check technical condition installed equipment, distribution and uninterrupted operation of adjustment devices, installation of control and diagnostic devices, detection of errors in the operation of equipment. If deviations are detected that are within the normal range, then the readjustment does not occur, and the object is prepared for delivery to the customer, with the execution of all documents.

All masters of our company have a specialized education, certificates in health and safety, rich work experience and have all the necessary documents and certificates.

At the stage of commissioning, we measure the air flow velocity in the air ducts, the noise level, test the quality of equipment installation, adjust engineering systems in accordance with the parameters of the project, certification.

Start-up tests and adjustment of ventilation and air conditioning systems must be carried out by a construction and installation or specialized commissioning organization.

Certification of ventilation systems

A technical document drawn up on the basis of a check of the working condition of ventilation systems and equipment, carried out using aerodynamic tests, is called the certification of the ventilation system.

SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of buildings", updated edition of SNIP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" regulate the form and content of the ventilation system passport.

Obtaining a ventilation system passport, in accordance with the requirements of the above document, is mandatory.

Upon completion of the installation of ventilation systems, the customer receives a passport for the ventilation system.

A passport must be obtained for each ventilation system.

The passport is indispensable for the registration of purchased equipment, for correct operation, such equipment, in order to achieve the necessary sanitary and hygienic air parameters.

In the period established by law, this document is provided by the control and supervisory authority. Getting this document is irrefutable proof in resolving contentious issues with the relevant authorities.

Obtaining a ventilation system passport can be carried out as separate view works, consisting of a complex of aerodynamic tests. The conduct of such events is regulated by the following regulations:

SP 73.13330.2012;
STO NOSTROY 2.24.2-2011;
R NOSTROY 2.15.3-2011;
GOST 12.3.018-79. “Ventilation systems. Methods of aerodynamic tests”;
GOST R 53300-2009;
SP 4425-87. "Sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems industrial premises«;
SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10.