Many programs have been created to help engineers involved in the design and calculation of ventilation. The computer will not only calculate all the required parameters, but also make ventilation drawings. About the most convenient and simple solutions, as well as what the algorithm of their work is based on, read on.

Program for calculating ventilation Vent-Calc

Design program Vent-Calc is one of the most functional and affordable. The algorithm of its work is based on Altshul's formulas. Hydraulic calculations of air ducts are made according to the methodology taken from the "Designer's Handbook" edited by Staroverov. Equally well copes with the calculation of natural and forced ventilation.

Program functions for ventilationVent Calc:

Calculation of air ducts taking into account the temperature and speed of flow, air flow;
Calculation of air ducts hydraulic;
Calculation of local resistances (narrowings, branches, expansions and forks) of channels of rooms. The coefficients of resistance are calculated in various parts of the system, pressure losses in Pascals, the program selects ventilation equipment. To make sure that the calculations are correct, tables VSN 353-86 are attached. During operation, the ventilation program sends the user to the required formulas and tables;
Suitable for calculating the natural ventilation of the room. The optimal section of the ventilation duct is determined, which ensures the prevalence of thrust over air resistance at a given air flow;
Calculates the heating power of a heater or any other type of air heater.

This program for calculating ventilation systems is very good for students who are just taking a ventilation course at the university. Another advantage is its free distribution.

The latest version of the Vent-Calc ventilation design program allows you to quickly calculate the aerodynamic resistance of the system and other indicators necessary for the preliminary selection of equipment. For this, the following indicators are required:

length of the main air duct of the room;
air flow at the beginning of the system;
airflow at the end of the system.

Manually, such a calculation is quite laborious and is carried out in stages. Therefore, the Vent-Calc calculation program will facilitate and speed up the work of designers, air conditioning sales specialists and qualified installers.

Program for the design of engineering systems MagiCAD

This is a program for the design of ventilation, heating, water supply and sewerage systems, electrical networks. MagiCAD calculates and makes the necessary drawings.

It will be useful for builders, designers, draftsmen and equipment sales managers.

MagiCAD features:

all types of calculations for ventilation systems (supply and exhaust);
image in 2D;
image in 3D;
the widest database of equipment from European manufacturers;
creation of all necessary project documentation, including specifications;
the ability to exchange data with other programs for drawing ventilation;
compatible with ADT and AutoCAD.

Graphics MagiCAD is based on AutoCAD and is actually its addition. The program was created by Finnish developers who made it as easy to use as possible. Therefore, an engineer familiar with AutoCAD will easily deal with the daughter program for calculating ventilation and other MagiCAD engineering systems. Ease of use is achieved by dividing the core into modules: Ventilation, Piping, Electricity and Room.

The specialist does not need to draw complex air distribution networks, fittings and turns. Already finished elements are compiled like a constructor. You don't even need a ruler. The main job of the designer is to correctly arrange the existing nodes to obtain the optimal result. All data about the project is present right there. Looking at the electronic drawing, you can get the necessary information about the operation of future ventilation, for example, about the cross section of the air ducts and the speed of the air flow in them.

The MagiCAD ventilation system calculation program is used by dozens of large design bureaus in the Scandinavian countries and many design organizations in the CIS countries.

Natural ventilation and aspiration calculation program GIDRV 3.093

The GIDRV 3.093 program is designed to calculate ventilation systems with forced and natural draft. It is a multitasking form with a set of tabs: "Scheme characteristics", "Floors", "Sections", "Local resistances", "Calculation table".

Functions of the program for calculating natural ventilation GIDRV 3.093:

control calculation of the parameters of the exhaust duct of natural ventilation;
calculation of new and control calculation of air channels for aspiration;
calculation of new and control calculations of supply and exhaust air ducts for systems with forced draft.

Having received the results, you can change the initial parameters on any sections of the ducts and make a new scheme. With this program for calculating natural ventilation, you can select any combination, achieving optimal performance.

Schemes with explanations (characteristics of channels, system resistances, calculation results) are stored in a single file. Switching and working with different calculation options is very convenient and simple.

Areas with excessive pressure are automatically detected and options for solving the problem are provided (narrow the cross section, use diaphragms, gate valves, chokes).

The natural ventilation calculation program is equipped with a function for calculating throttling mechanisms, which gives out several best options and indicates the most suitable one.

During natural ventilation calculations, it detects the most congested parts of the system. Shows pressure for each section, losses and their causes (pipe resistance, friction).

All calculations can be printed, including tables.

Paid, but a demo version is available for review.

Fans 400 smoke ventilation calculation program

The Fans 400 program is designed to calculate the smoke ventilation of rooms. With its help, you can determine the performance of the smoke removal system from halls, corridors and lobbies. The program for calculating smoke ventilation helps to select the power of fans and other special equipment.

Fans 400 is designed for design engineers, fire inspectors and students of specialized specialties.

The use of smoke ventilation for calculations will not cause difficulties for a user of any level of training. It is distributed free of charge. For the correct operation of the program, a printer must be connected to the computer.

Duct selection program Ducter 2.5

This program for the selection of ventilation equipment calculates the diameters of the sections of the air ducts. The user enters the maximum flow rates in the air ducts, height differences when calculating natural ventilation or the CMR of the segment. Based on this information, the program selects ventilation equipment of standard diameter according to VSN 353-86 linearly. Thus, the final decision on the diameter remains with the specialist.

If an air duct with non-standard parameters is needed, the program will also help: one parameter is entered, the rest are selected. The selection step is set in the settings.

Air pressure and temperature indicators are set if the air conditioning system is calculated. It is possible to obtain data on the pressure in each section by entering its length and the total drag coefficient. The material of the future duct is taken into account.

You can set one of several options for displaying the dimensions of each parcel.

Versions of the program from Ducter 3 and higher for the selection of equipment will help to fully calculate the entire ventilation system.

Program for drawing ventilation "SVENT"

The SVENT program is designed to draw room ventilation on computers running Windows.

SVENT functions:

aerodynamic calculation of forced and exhaust ventilation systems;
a program for ventilation drawings in axonometry, uses AutoCAD elements;
makes specifications.

Produces 2 types of calculations:

Automatically proposes a rectangular or round cross-section based on the entered speed data near the fans and at the ends of the ducts;
Calculation of the system with the entered data on the cross sections and pressure losses.

The calculation program works with any type of air ducts (round, rectangular and non-standard shapes). You can supplement the database of air ducts with the necessary samples.

The base of nodes works on the schemes for calculating the coefficients of local resistances from VSN 353-86, the Designer's Handbook, edited by Staroverov I.G. and several other sources. It can also be supplemented.

Program for drawing ventilation CADvent

This ventilation drawing program is based on the powerful and sophisticated AutoCAD. Along with the development of AutoCAD, CADvent is modified and improved, new features are added. These are professional programs for drawing ventilation, calculations and presentations, created for engineers working in the field of design and development of ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems.

Functions of CADvent:

calculation of the section of air ducts;
calculation of pressure losses;
acoustic calculation;
creation of a 2D drawing with the necessary notation;
3D modeling;
specification by elements, which can be transferred to MS excel;
creating presentations.

The CADvent program provides the ability to change any changes to an already finished project, change the design parameters, add new elements. It can be combined with the programs DIMsilencer (program for selection of sound attenuators in a ventilation system) and DIMcomfort (selects air distributors, taking into account the flow velocity and noise at people's locations).

Users note ease of use, but there is not enough Russification, as well as the ability to create an axonometric projection.

For another program called Comfort-B, watch the video.

.dwg format

Ventilation systems. working draft

Building №1

Supply and exhaust general exchange and local exhaust ventilation with mechanical stimulation is designed in the building.

Air exchange in the premises is determined for the assimilation of heat excess from:

Equipment

Solar radiation and local exhaust compensation.

In areas with air conditioning, outside air is supplied in the amount of the sanitary standard for the worker.

To maintain optimal parameters of the internal air in the areas of adjustment, processing of parts on CNC machines, an air conditioning system based on split systems and steam humidification of the supply air during the cold period are provided.

Indoor units of wall and ceiling types and outdoor units installed on facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Separate supply ventilation systems of the production building are provided for:

Section for processing parts on CNC machines
- setting sections of category B3.

The supply systems equipment is located in separate ventilation chambers. The bottom of the holes for receiving devices is located at a height of more than 1 m from the level of stability of the snow cover. Determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

Air exchange in the surface mounting area, cleanliness class 8 ISO, designed for:

-supply of sanitary standards of outdoor air for people;

Air exchanges in clean rooms should not be less than those required for the production of microelectronics in accordance with Table. B2 GOST R ISO 14644-4-2002:

For cleanliness class 8 ISO, at least 10 m3 of supplied air per 1 m2 of room area per hour.

Supply air is supplied by a separate system located in the ventilation chamber. The intake of outside air is carried out from the mark of 16.700m.

To maintain the required microclimate parameters, the supply air is heated and humidified during the cold period, cooled and dried during the warm period.

Supply air is processed in central air conditioners, consisting of:

- air filter class F6;
- water heater;

- class F9 air filter;

The coolant is ozone-safe freon supplied to the air cooler through copper tubes with effective thermal insulation of the K-FLEX type.

The supply air is supplied to the clean rooms in the amount providing for:

Supply air from the central air conditioner enters the room through air distributors with H11 filters built into the ceiling.

Building №2

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided for the premises of complex workplaces. Ventilation equipment with a capacity of less than 5000 cubic meters per hour is installed in the false ceiling of the corridor, the installation of the necessary fire dampers is provided. Outside air is supplied in the amount of sanitary standards for the worker.

To maintain optimal parameters of indoor air in the areas, an air conditioning system based on split systems is provided.

The wall-mounted indoor units and the outdoor units installed on the facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation
- supply air

Building №5

For the halls of climatic and dynamic tests, general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided.

Air exchange in the premises is determined for the assimilation of heat emissions from:

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation

Ventilation equipment is installed in the ventilation chamber. The supply air to the premises is supplied to the working area, the exhaust air is removed from the upper area through wall grilles, equipped with built-in valves for regulating the air flow and direction of the air jet.

The bottom of the openings for receiving devices is located at a height of more than 1 m from the snow cover stability level, determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or by calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

The observation cabin is provided with split system air conditioning.

Building №9

Air exchange in areas of cleanliness class 8 ISO, designed for:

Assimilation of excess heat from technological equipment, people, solar radiation;
-compensation of local exhaust;
-supply of sanitary standards of outdoor air for people; Air exchanges in clean rooms should not be less than those required for the production of microelectronics in accordance with Table. B2 GOST R ISO 14644-4-2002: - for cleanliness class 8 ISO, at least 10 m3 of supplied air per 1 m2 of room area per hour. Supply air is supplied by a separate system located in the ventilation chamber. The intake of outside air is carried out from the mark of 16.700m. To maintain the required microclimate parameters, the supply air is heated and humidified during the cold period, cooled and dried during the warm period.

The supply air is processed in a central air conditioner, consisting of:

Receiving unit with air valve;
- air filter class F6;
- water heater;
- freon air cooler with a separator and a condensate collection tray;
- electric air heater of the second heating;
- fan block with reserve section;
- class F9 air filter;
-electric humidifier with built-in steam generator;

The cooling source is a condensing unit installed on the roof of the building.

The refrigerant is ozone-safe freon supplied to the air cooler through copper pipes with effective thermal insulation of the K-FLEX type.

The supply air is supplied to clean rooms in the volume providing for:

Compensation for local exhaust ventilation
- sanitary standard for workers
-compensation for air escaping through door gaps
- creating a pressure drop between the clean rooms and the corridor from 5 to 20 Pa.

The supply air from the central air conditioner enters the room through air distributors with H11 filters built into the false ceiling.

The hood is carried out from the lower zone through the wall grates.

To set and maintain the pressure difference between the premises and the corridor, air flow regulators are used on the supply and exhaust air ducts of ventilation systems. Excess air flows into the corridors through slots in doorways and adjustable grilles installed at the bottom of the rooms.

The control of pressure drops is carried out visually with the help of differential pressure gauges. Local exhaust ventilation systems are provided from process equipment emitting harmful substances.

Reserve fans are provided for exhaust systems with hazardous substances of hazard class 1 and 2.

Air ducts of local exhaust ventilation systems passing openly through clean rooms are made of polished stainless steel.

The air of the local exhaust ventilation system from the technological equipment of the sites is thrown out vertically upwards, at a height of 2 meters from the roof mark.

To ensure the optimal parameters of indoor air during the warm period, the technological office and the service office are provided with air conditioning based on split systems. The wall-mounted indoor units and the outdoor units installed on the facades are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with thermal insulation made of foamed rubber.

Building №11

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided for laboratory premises. Outside air is supplied in the volume of sanitary norms per worker. To maintain optimal parameters of indoor air in the laboratories, an air conditioning system based on split systems is provided.

Ceiling-type indoor units and facade-mounted outdoor units are connected by freon pipes made of copper pipes with foamed rubber thermal insulation.

The cooling capacity of the systems is designed to assimilate heat surpluses from:

Of people
-equipment
-solar radiation
- supply air

Ventilation equipment is installed in ventilation chambers on the technical floor. The air of the local exhaust ventilation system from the technological equipment of the sites is thrown out vertically upwards, at a height of 2 meters from the roof mark.

The supply air to the premises is supplied to the working area, the exhaust air is removed from the upper area through wall grilles, equipped with built-in valves for regulating the air flow and direction of the air jet.

The supply air for each building is processed in the supply units, which are located in the ventilation chambers. Air handling units are configured:

Receiving block with air valve;
- EU4 class filter
- water heating heat exchanger
- supply fan

Supply air temperature control during the cold season is carried out by an automation system based on pump mixing. Automation is provided to regulate the parameters of indoor air, to protect heaters from freezing.

Connection of heat exchangers to the heat supply system is provided with the help of two-way valves with the installation of circulation pumps. The piping of the heat exchangers is provided with the necessary air and drain valves, shut-off valves, and measuring instruments.

Air ducts of ventilation systems are made of thin-sheet galvanized steel according to GOST 14918-80*.

Air exchanges in all rooms are given in the tables:

Data on local suctions in tables 1.
Air volumes by hazards in table 2.
The volume of air in industrial premises in table 3.

Building number 6. Boiler room

General exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is provided in the GPU room.

Air exchange is determined for the assimilation of heat releases from:

Equipment
-solar radiation

Extraction is provided from the upper zone by two roof fans. The inflow is carried out through an air insulated valve with a manual drive of the GERMIK-P type.

The bottom of the holes for the receiving device is located at a height of more than 1 m from the level of snow cover stability, determined according to the data of hydrometeorological stations or by calculation, but not lower than 2 m from the ground level.

Information about heat loads on ventilation

Building №1 119600W
Case №2 5000W
Case №5 94000W
Case #9 95400W
Case №11 56500W

Noise protection

Fan units of supply systems are installed in ventilation chambers on vibration-proof bases in separate blocks with sound-absorbing insulation. Radial ventilation units are connected to air ducts through flexible connectors.

The speed of movement of water in pipelines, air in air ducts and in air distributors does not exceed the recommended values in terms of acoustic indicators.

High-quality ventilation in the bathroom will help protect the newly renovated bathroom from mold and high humidity. Proper ventilation in the bathroom prevents the formation of condensate from hot steam, which serves as an excellent medium for the spread of fungi. Over time, mold and mildew become increasingly difficult to remove from the surface of walls and furniture.

Ventilation in living quarters

In rooms with increased accumulation of humidity, natural or forced ventilation can be organized, sometimes both are used at the same time for greater effect. Each of them has its own characteristic features.

Forced exhaust in the bathroom

Unlike natural ventilation, this option requires a more serious approach to installation. He successfully copes with the problem of eliminating condensate. Forced ventilation is chosen if the existing hood does not cope with its functions. Checking its operation is simple, just bring a burning match to the ventilation duct. If the flame from it oscillates from side to side or tends upward, then everything is in order. In any other case, you need to do a forced ventilation project.

It is better to lay forced ventilation at the design stage of the house. But if it is needed in an apartment, then ventilation ducts are already provided there.

Ventilation in a bathroom in a wooden house is needed not only to improve the climate in wet rooms, but also to protect the walls from decay, because over time, logs can deteriorate and collapse when moisture accumulates.

Before you make ventilation in the bathroom, you need to choose an exhaust fan. At the same time, attention should be paid to the following settings:

Unit power

This indicator is selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Device noise level

When turned on, some fans are very noisy, ideally their sound level should not exceed 30 dB.

Device type

Models of ventilating devices on ball bearings last longer.

There are three types of fans:

With a timer.

They work for a certain amount of time, usually no more than half an hour.

Combined models with a light switch.

As soon as a person enters the bathroom, the device immediately turns on, but sometimes the time spent by the visitor is not enough for the air to be completely cleared.

independent models.

They are not tied to other electrical appliances in the bathroom or toilet, but work according to the established mode.

On a note: The fan in the ventilation in the bathroom must be installed away from electrical appliances, and the electrical wires leading to it must be insulated with high quality.

Installation of ventilation in the bathroom with a ventilating device is carried out in several stages:

Selecting a suitable location for the fan. Such that he could distill as much of the air as possible through himself.
Installation of the device on the exhaust shaft, on the roof.
It is possible to install an extractor hood with a valve in the bathroom window.
To improve the effect of the fan will help heated towel rails or radiators.
A check valve must be installed in front of the fan, which would prevent the penetration of air from the outside.
All air ducts and individual sections of pipes are connected using silicone sealant. Installation of ventilation in the bathroom begins with fixing the central channel, and then installing tees and bends in it.
After fastening all additional channels, install a check valve on each of them to prevent air from moving from one room to another.

Natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

This option is cheaper than the previous one, it can be easily used for different types of housing. When it is installed, the movement of air masses occurs through specially made vertical channels. Such ventilation can be done in the bathroom with your own hands, it is effective even in wooden houses.

A window in the bathroom is another reason to think about natural ventilation.

Installation of natural exhaust in the bathroom begins with the basement. In the foundation of the house, special holes should be laid or windows for ventilation should be provided. Channels for the movement of air inside the building are laid directly in the walls of the building. Sometimes ventilation is carried out in the ceiling in the bathroom, and then goes to the attic.

Answer the question of how to make a hood in the bathroom in a private house and apartment will help the following tips:

The air duct must run in a vertical plane.
If you want to combine the hood for the bathroom and the toilet, then according to the project they should be close to each other. It is better if they are located on the same floor.
The inside of the duct must be smooth so that nothing blocks the movement of air.

On a note: There are projects when the ventilation of a bathroom in a private house is combined with a kitchen, and from there it immediately goes out through a hole in the wall.

Bathroom ventilation connection diagrams

Among the varieties used today, four of the most popular are distinguished, differing from each other in the principle of action:

Exhaust scheme

It is often used for bathroom exhaust through the toilet in apartment buildings. The operation of such a scheme is based on the removal of exhaust air through an outlet.

Supply and exhaust option

Here, clean air is supplied through a door or window, and the same amount of exhaust air masses go through the vent directly into the ventilation shaft. When arranging such a hood in the bathroom with your own hands, you need to be prepared to prevent the occurrence of drafts in the room.

Forced supply and exhaust scheme

This is an effective option for providing ventilation in the bathroom, with it you can adjust the rate and speed of exhaust air removal. After choosing this design, you can not worry about humidity and musty odors. The fan built into the circuit can always adjust the optimal microclimate of the room in time.

Exhaust forced ventilation option

It is associated with a lot of noise, but it quickly removes unpleasant odors from the building. It is used when the question arises of how to make general ventilation for the bathroom and toilet. The effectiveness of this option is several times higher than that of a natural extract.

On a note: It will be difficult for a beginner to create proper ventilation in the bathroom without the participation of specialists.

Photo gallery

Those who are thinking about how to properly and effectively extract the hood in the bathroom should consider the photos below. Surely one of these options will help you make the right choice.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is a prerequisite, since it is in these rooms that the general humidity of the air is increased and unpleasant odors are usually present. If the ventilation system is not installed or does not work efficiently enough, then in the bathroom rooms not only a persistent smell will remain, but also a favorable microclimate will quickly be created for the development of mold and mildew, which are very difficult to fight.

Everyone knows that steam and heated air rise up, and if they do not find a way out, then most of the evaporation will sit on the surface of the ceiling and the upper part of the walls, where black spots of microflora colonies can most often be seen. We must not forget that any fungus reproduces by spores that are released into the air. Together with the air, they are then inhaled by households, and this can lead to allergic reactions, diseases of the respiratory system, asthma and other serious ailments.

Basically, the issue of effective implementation is faced by the owners of private houses, since in high-rise buildings this is pre-planned in the building project, and the ventilation ducts are wired to the bathroom and kitchen. However, the information can also be useful for apartment owners - the “regular” ventilation system does not always fully cope with its duties, and certain adjustments need to be made to its work.

Types of ventilation systems

First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the existing ventilation systems of the premises.

Ventilation systems are divided into two main types - natural and forced.

Natural ventilation works only due to the free movement of air from an area of high pressure to a lower one, that is, without the use of special instruments and devices. It is this type of ventilation that is designed in the apartments of most multi-storey buildings. The size of the ventilation windows (vents) in the bathroom and toilet (separate or combined) and in the kitchen, the configuration and throughput of the ventilation risers are designed in such a way as to create a natural movement of air from the living quarters with the required amount of air exchange.

Forced ventilation involves the installation of fans. Very often, such a system is installed in bathrooms and kitchens of private houses. However, some homeowners in high-rise buildings, wanting to improve the ventilation of the premises, install a fan in the conditions of the apartment.

In addition, forced ventilation systems are divided, depending on their main functions, into the following types:

Exhaust ventilation. In this system, air rising under the ceiling is drawn in by a fan and discharged through special channels to the street. Typically, such a scheme is used in combination with a natural ventilation system. This is the most common option for private construction conditions.

For example, this illustration shows an option that is carried out by means of air intake from the street, with its further forced removal through the kitchen and sanitary facilities.

- in this system, the fan works to supply air, and its exit for a full cycle of ventilation is carried out naturally through the ventilation ducts. In practice, in residential construction, such a scheme is rarely used - here it is more important to create conditions for the effective exit of air to the outside in the required volume.
The supply and exhaust system implies both the injection of air into the premises, and its forced removal from them. It is typical for volumetric structures, for large-area houses, in which the possibilities of natural inflow and outflow of air are clearly not enough.

Fan types

Since the exhaust ventilation system is the most effective for a residential building, with a natural influx of air through the “clean” living quarters and its forced removal through the kitchen and bathroom, it is worth saying a few words about exhaust fans. They are divided into types according to their places of installation - these are axial, channel, roof and radial.

Axial wall (overhead) fans.

An axial fan consists of a housing in the form of a cylinder, inside which there is a wheel with cantilever blades mounted on the axis of the electric motor. When rotating, the blades capture air and activate its removal from the room.

This type of appliance is fixed in the window of the ventilation duct on the wall (or ceiling) of the bathroom or toilet. It is very easy to install due to a well-thought-out design, and looks quite aesthetically pleasing, so it can be called the most popular for installation both in a private house and in apartment conditions.

Duct fans.

Inline axial fans are used in household practice not so long ago and not as widely as overhead axial fans, since their independent installation is rather complicated. However, sometimes they cannot be dispensed with, for example, in cases where the area of the ventilated room is more than 15 m².

Duct fans are also installed in cases where they want to reduce the noise level from the operation of the device in the bathroom or other rooms of a private house.

This type of fan can be installed in various parts of the ventilation duct. It is placed in a special box-shaped case, or it can itself be a connecting element for two parts of the ventilation pipe. It is very important that the device is freely accessible, as it must be periodically cleaned and lubricated.

There are three types of air ducts in which duct fans are installed - they are flexible, semi-rigid and rigid.

Flexible channels are mounted quite easily, so they are chosen most often. However, they are less reliable and have a much shorter service life than rigid or semi-rigid ducts. A zealous owner will certainly make a choice in favor of reliability.

Radial fans.

The radial fan consists of a motor located on the axis of rotation of a wheel with blades, which is placed in a closed metal box, which has a characteristic spiral shape.

During operation, the fan blades begin to rotate, capturing air from the room, which from the fan enters through the outlet of the casing into the duct.

For installation in residential buildings, it is recommended to choose radial fans with backward-curved blades. Although they have slightly lower pressure ratings, such devices are distinguished by better “linearity” in adjustments, a large operating range and, most importantly, are not as noisy as compared to fans with forward-curved blades.

Radial fans tolerate high loads well and are quite economical in operation.

Roof fans.

As you can already understand from the name of these devices, they are installed on the roofs of multi-apartment and private residential buildings.

The design of the roof fan includes such elements as a motor, a wheel with blades on the axis of rotation, vibration isolating (damper) pads, and an auto-regulation device.

The roof fan can be of axial, multi-bladed or radial design. The latter is the most in demand, as it is the least whimsical and provides high performance with minimal energy costs.

Forced ventilation systems can operate both in automatic and manual modes, have one pumping level or several speeds.

Unregulated ventilation has only two regime positions: "on" and "off".
A system that has several speeds that are selected by a switch will become more flexible.
Variable speed fans are the most economical in operation, in which the impeller is given a rotational speed corresponding to the required current load on the system. The change in speed occurs quite smoothly, with the help of special automatic control and management units.

Basic standards and requirements for the organization of ventilation

It's time to move on to the issue of choosing the necessary and the toilet. But immediately the main question will arise about its most important characteristic - performance, that is, the ability to pump a certain amount of air per unit time.

It will be difficult to understand this aspect if, for a start, you do not familiarize yourself with the basic standards for the organization of ventilation in a residential building or apartment.

It is necessary to rely on this issue on the main guiding documents - the relevant sections and annexes of SNiP 41-01-2003 (“Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”) and SNiP 2.08.01-89 * (“Residential buildings”).

According to the requirements of this document, a forced artificial ventilation system must be installed in those rooms where it is necessary according to sanitary standards, but there is no natural ventilation, that is, a window or window, or normal ventilation is not enough.

In order not to refer the reader to the SNiP tables, the following is a summary of the information that will be required to calculate ventilation.

Room type	Ventilation rates		Notes
	Air intake from outside	Exhaust air outside
Residential premises	The air exchange rate is not less than 0.35 times / hour, but at the same time the intake is not less than 30 m³ per person.	-	The calculation is based on the total volume of the entire apartment (house) or on the number of people actually living
Residential premises	3 m³ for every 1 m² of living space	-	The calculation is based on the area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises of the house
Kitchen
with electric stove	-	Not less than 60 m³/hour
with 2 burner gas stove	-	Not less than 60 m³/hour
with 3 burner gas stove	-	Not less than 75 m³/hour
with 4 burner gas stove	-	Not less than 90 m³/hour
Bathroom	Inflow from the premises of the residential area	Not less than 25 m³/hour
Separate restroom	Inflow from the premises of the residential area	Not less than 25 m³/hour
Bathroom combined (bathroom + toilet) individual	Inflow from the premises of the residential area	Not less than 50 m³/hour

There are, of course, norms in SNiP for more specific visits: dryers, ironing, dedicated laundries and others. But in the context of this article, they are not of particular interest to us - we will talk about average apartments or houses. You can completely limit yourself to the values \u200b\u200bgiven above.

But why do we need to know the indicators of natural supply ventilation in the premises of a residential area? But the fact is that an apartment or a house should be considered as a single balanced "organism". To be effective, and the bathroom, toilet and kitchen rooms are constantly ventilated with air coming from the living area, the exhaust devices installed in them must be able to cope with this task. Simply put, the volume of air drawn out cannot be less than the incoming one. There is such a thing as the air balance equation, and when choosing ventilation units, it is necessary to strive for its maximum observance.

∑Qadj. = ∑Qvy.

∑Qadj.- the required total volume of air supplied with supply ventilation.

∑Qout.- the required performance of exhaust ventilation.

Failure to comply with this equality in one direction or another can cause undesirable consequences - stagnation of air, the penetration of odors from the kitchen, and even worse - from the restroom into living rooms, the accumulation of dampness in the corners or on window slopes, unpleasant drafts and other negative phenomena.

Constantly misted windows are a sign of poor ventilation.

The ever-wet surface of the glass on the windows is half the trouble, only an external sign of a rather serious problem. , and what needs to be done in this case - read in a special publication of our portal.

To determine the right side of our equation, we will have to carry out calculations for the required air flow.

The most correct approach would be to calculate according to three parameters - according to sanitary standards for each resident, according to the frequency of air exchange by the volume of the whole house or apartment, and according to the standards for each meter of living space. Then it remains to compare the results and choose the maximum indicator - it will become the required value of air flow for high-quality ventilation.

Well, then, based on the value obtained, it will be possible to proceed to the distribution of volumes of forced exhaust ventilation in order to achieve the desired equality.

For example, the calculation for a house with a total area of 120 square meters.

Do you have problems with the area calculation?

Usually the area is easiest to take from the existing house plan. If for some reason it is not there, but you will have to calculate it yourself. In a special publication of the portal, various examples are considered - from the simplest rectangular rooms to rooms of an unusual complex configuration, and convenient online calculators are placed for quick and accurate calculation.

For the convenience of calculations, you can make a small table:

House premises	Air intake from outside			Outlet to the street
Other data and calculation progress	According to sanitary standards for living people	According to the frequency of air exchange from the total volume of premises	According to the norms per 1 m² of usable area	Set minimum	Required in the real world
Number of residents	5 people	-	-	-	-
Living room	-	21 m²	21 m²	-	-
Bedroom 1	-	16 m²	16 m²	-	-
Bedroom 2	-	14 m²	14 m²	-	-
Children's	-	17 m²	17 m²	-	-
Canteen	-	15 m²	15 m²	-	-
Kitchen (gas stove 4 burners)	-	12 m²	-	90 m³ / hour	150 m³ / hour
Hallway	-	5 m²	-	-	-
Hall	-	9 m²		-	-
The corridor	-	3 m²	-	-	-
Bathroom	-	6 m²	-	25 m³/hour	50 m³ / hour
bathroom	-	2 m²	-	25 m³/hour	50 m³ / hour
Total area	-	120 m²	83 m²	-	-
Ceiling height	-	3.1 m	-	-	-
Volume in total	-	120 × 3.1 = 372 m³	-	-	-
established norm	30 m³/hour	0.35 times/hour	3 m³/1 m²	-	-
Calculation	5 x 30 = 150	372 x 0.35 = 130.2	83 x 3 = 249	90 + 25 + 25 = 140	150 + 50 + 50 = 250
Need for standards	150 m³/hour	130.2 m³/h		140 m³/h

So, out of the three calculated values, we accept the maximum - 249 m³ / h, since it fully meets all the conditions. We round it up to 250 m³ / h, and bring to this value the total exhaust ventilation performance in the kitchen, in the bathroom and in the bathroom.

The kitchen should be given more - it has a larger area and ventilation standards in this room are tougher. In our case, it can take 150 m³ / hour. This can be a total of ventilation + kitchen, but only if the hood works with air being removed to the outside, and not on the principle of recirculation.

The remaining 100 m³ / h can be evenly distributed between the bathroom and the toilet (if it is planned to install axial fans individual for each room). Or, in the case when these rooms are combined with one exhaust system, you can install a common duct or radial fan of appropriate capacity. It is obvious that such volumes of exhaust ventilation are quite sufficient in comparison with the minimum standards, even with a good margin.

So, all the conditions are fully met, and the required performance of the ventilation unit has also already been determined.

Other criteria for choosing a bathroom and toilet fan

It is very important to know what else you need to pay attention to when choosing an exhaust fan for bathroom rooms, in addition to its performance. These criteria include the following technical and operational parameters:

The level of noise generated during operation. The operation of any ventilation device is accompanied by mechanical and aerodynamic noise. These sound vibrations propagate through the air, through air ducts and wall surfaces inside which they are laid.

Mechanical noise arises from the vibration of the impeller with blades, the electric motor and the casing in which the entire structure is installed.

Aerodynamic noise appears as a result of vortex formation inside the casing at the impeller, at the inlet and outlet of air, when it moves through the air ducts, and also during the occurrence of pulsations.

Increased vibration and noise of the ventilation unit can adversely affect the well-being of the residents of an apartment or house.

Therefore, for fans installed in residential premises, there are certain restrictions on the generated noise pressure, and this parameter itself must be indicated in the product passport (often even within a certain range of distance from the device).

If a fan is purchased with the ability to adjust the engine speed and, accordingly, performance, then preference should be given to a device that will cope with the necessary task of extracting the required air volume not at its maximum, but by about 0.5 ÷ 0.7 of its inherent capabilities. So the equipment will last longer, and the noise level will decrease significantly - high speeds are most often the main cause of noise.

It should be noted that manufacturers install special silencers of one design or another on many fans - be sure to take this into account when choosing.

Another important point in reducing the noise level is the installation of a fan with straight sections provided to stabilize the air flow, reducing turbulent phenomena. For a duct or radial fan, it is desirable to leave such sections on both sides (for an axial, of course, this is impossible to fully observe). The length of each such section must be at least 1.5 of the outer diameter of the impeller (turbine).

Fan functionality. Exhaust ventilation systems can be automatic or standard.

Axial conventional fans can be operated manually, or they are built into the general lighting system of the room, that is, when the light is turned on, the exhaust fan also turns on.

The latter option is more convenient and economical, but some caution is required here so that when the device is turned off, the entire ventilation system of the house as a whole does not suffer. The outflow of air from the residential area in the minimum required volume must be ensured at all times.

The automatic design of the device assumes the presence of an electronic unit with a timer, on which the turn-on time, operating modes and the fan off time are set.

Device safety. Since the fan is powered by electricity, devices protected from moisture are selected for bathrooms, on the packaging of which there should be a corresponding label.

When choosing a fan, it is worth checking the availability of a quality certificate for the product. It is necessary to purchase such devices in specialized stores, preferably models of well-known manufacturers, the brand of which in itself gives a certain guarantee for the products. Do not hesitate to ask for the necessary sales marks in the product passport to ensure further warranty and service maintenance.

TOP 9 best bathroom fans

	Name	Rating
The best overhead fans
#1	Vents VNV-1 80 KV	⭐ 99 / 100
#2	Cata E-120 GTH	⭐ 98 / 100
#3	Electrolux EAFR	⭐ 97 / 100
#4	Soler & Palau Silent-100 CZ Design	⭐ 96 / 100
Best duct fans
#1	Blauberg Turbo 315	⭐ 99 / 100
#2	Vents Quietline 100	⭐ 98 / 100
#3	Era Profit 5	⭐ 97 / 100
The best backlit fans
#1	Cata E-100 GLT	⭐ 99 / 100
#2	Blauberg Lux 125	⭐ 98 / 100

Self-installation of ventilation

Installing a fan in the bathroom or toilet of an apartment is quite simple, since the ventilation system in multi-storey buildings is already installed, and the device will only increase the extraction of exhaust air along with unpleasant odors and humidity.

It is more difficult to install a ventilation system in a private house. But doing it yourself is also quite possible. Of course, it is best to install all the elements of the system at the construction stage, but it is often necessary to carry out these installation work in an already finished building.

Elements of the ventilation system

If the type of ventilation system is determined, then it is necessary to prepare all the elements necessary for it according to previously taken dimensions.

The fan is the main component of the system and can be built into the wall or ceiling, as well as into the air duct. The device is usually built into the air duct in the case of the planned installation of a complex ventilation system. For example, if the bathroom and toilet are separated (or even separated) from each other, then in each of the rooms it will be possible to arrange its own ventilation hole, from which ducts or pipes are removed, which are then connected to a single duct equipped with a duct or radial roof fan.
Air ducts can be made of plastic or metal, have a round or rectangular cross section. Each of them has its own advantages, for example, a rectangular version is more convenient to mount to a ceiling or wall, it can ideally be located above a false or stretch ceiling. The round section provides more efficient air removal, as it does not have internal corners that hinder its smooth movement or cause turbulence.

Rectangular air ducts are easier to attach to walls and flow, but round ones are less “noisy”

Swivel elbows are used when using rigid boxes. They are installed in complex structures, when changing the direction of the air ducts, when exiting through a wall or ceiling, and in other cases, in accordance with the installation plan.
Couplings are used to interface individual sections of the duct.
A non-return damper is installed in order to avoid backflow of air when the fan is off, or, for example, when there is strong wind outside.
Elements for fixing air ducts. To do this, you can use homemade or ready-made brackets (clamps), which are usually installed every 500 ÷ 700 mm, depending on the location.
Ventilation grilles installed on the inlet and outlet of the system will be required in cases where a duct fan is selected, installed between two parts of the duct. One ventilation grill will be needed to mount it on the outlet of the system when installing an overhead axial fan.

Installation of the ventilation system

The installation of the ventilation system is carried out in different ways, depending on the chosen design, and on whether it is being updated or reinstalled. Therefore, before proceeding with the installation, a detailed diagram should be drawn up, according to which it will be easier to work.

If it is decided to upgrade an already installed ventilation system, it is best, if possible, to replace the air duct with a new one. In the event that this cannot be done, it will be necessary to carefully clean the old duct from debris and deposits on the stacks.
Before laying the ventilation duct, you must first determine the installation location of the fan. The best place to install the device will be the wall opposite the doorway. In this case, the ventilation system will work more efficiently due to the natural intake of air in the form of a draft.
The next step is to cut a new one in the wall or, if necessary, expand the existing ventilation window to the desired size.
The ventilation duct is brought out into the arranged hole, then it is gradually mounted, laid in accordance with the scheme and fixed in the attic of the building, or it is carried out through the attic floor and roof.
If the channel is brought outside through the outer wall, then it is recommended to install a pipe into the ventilation hole from the side of the street, which is raised vertically by at least 500 ÷ 1000 mm. If only a protective grill is installed on the through hole, then the room will not have time to heat up when the heating system is operating - all the heat will quickly leave through the ventilation through the draft.

The ventilation pipe leading through the roof of the building requires a reliable waterproofing device. For this purpose, you can use special waterproofing cuffs that are put on the pipe and fixed on the roof.

Another option for installing the system is to mount the fan in the ceiling and connect it to a flexible ventilation duct (corrugated pipe), which is connected to an outlet covered by a protective grill installed under the roof soffit. This installation method is possible both in combination with a suspended ceiling and without it, since the box may well pass through the attic.

In the case of installing a complex ventilation system, when the bathroom rooms are separated, and the ventilation needs to be connected to one common duct, you can proceed as shown in this diagram. Inserts with branch pipes are installed in the common ventilation duct, which will go into the rooms through the false ceiling, and the air duct itself can be brought outside through the wall. In this case, two fans can be installed, one for each room or one, ducted or installed from the side of the street and closed with a special casing.

After holding and fixing the air ducts, you need to carefully install the axial overhead fan itself, which is inserted into the box and fixed on the wall in a convenient and, of course, reliable way in each specific case. The presence of vibration loads should be taken into account, so that the fasteners do not loosen over time.
Before finally fixing the overhead axial fan in the window, you need to connect the device to the power supply. It is recommended to enclose the wire connecting the fan with the switch in a special plastic cable channel fixed on the wall, which can be placed along the ceiling or hidden above the suspended structure.

The fan is connected to the power supply through the connecting terminals, which must be hidden under a special cover or casing to prevent active exposure to high humidity.

Depending on the design, the terminal block is located in different ways, but the connection diagram is always attached to the fan, which will help you navigate this issue.

If it is decided to connect the fan to the light switch, then this switching should be carried out approximately as shown in this diagram:

Connection in this way is carried out in a junction box specially installed for this, where, using the terminal, the “zero” and “phase” wires of the fan and lighting are connected, respectively. The “phase” is interrupted on the switch, and from it there is already a connection to both devices.

By the way, if you think about it carefully, then such a scheme is very irrational. We simulate the situation - a person took a bath or shower, dried himself, got dressed, left the bathroom and turned off the light behind him. During this time, excess moisture is unlikely to be completely drawn out by the fan, and the room remains "steam column". The situation is similar with the use of the restroom. It would be wiser to provide a time delay for such a connection, at least for 5 ÷ 10 minutes, by installing a simple time relay in the fan circuit.

By the way, if you wish, you can find on sale electronic timer devices for controlling light and ventilation, designed specifically for these purposes.

When installing a duct fan, it is necessary to carefully consider connecting it to the power supply, especially if the ventilation duct is planned to run through the attic. An electric cable will need to be laid through the ceiling, and along its entire length, all its possible connections, as well as the passage through the ceiling, must be securely insulated.

If the system is mounted under the ceiling of the premises, then the air duct together with the fan can be hidden above the false ceiling. In this case, the ventilation hole can be arranged in the ceiling, where the air duct is led out and fixed, and then cover this window with a decorative and functional grille.

Video: how to install an exhaust fan in a bathroom or toilet yourself

Checking the Installed System

After completing the installation of the ventilation system, it is necessary to check it. In order to carry out such control, no tools are required - just bring a piece of paper or a lit candle to the grate of the switched on fan. If the paper sheet is attracted to the grate, and the flame of the candle leans towards it, then we can say that the fan is working quite efficiently.

If it is necessary to increase traction, then a small artificial draft can be stimulated. To do this, a narrow slit-like window is cut out at the bottom of the bathroom door or a series of holes are drilled. These cutouts are then closed on both sides with a specially designed ventilation grille. It, depending on the design and type of holes made, is inserted into the through opening, can be glued to the door or screwed with self-tapping screws.

To ensure normal air exchange in a house or apartment, two components are necessary: the inflow of fresh air through the living rooms and its outflow from the technical ones. Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is one of the components of the outflow. Therefore, it is necessary to do it right.

According to the principle of operation, ventilation can be natural or mechanical, they also say - forced. The natural movement of air occurs due to the movement of wind, temperature differences and, resulting from this, pressure drops. When mechanical ventilation is used, air movement is caused by fans.

From the point of view of an urban man, forced movement is preferable: everyone has long been accustomed to the fact that life support depends on the availability of electricity. And it rarely disappears in cities. But in rural areas in winter, power outages are rather the norm. Therefore, probably, they tend to mainly make systems non-volatile, or at least redundant.

But the natural ventilation in the bathroom and bathroom should be too large. After all, the lower the speed of air movement through the channel, the greater the cross section of the duct is needed to ensure the transfer of the required volumes. No one will argue that when the fan is on, the air moves faster. This is even reflected in the SNiP: the rate of movement for ventilation systems with natural circulation is up to 1 m 3 / h, for mechanical ones - from 3 to 5 m 3 / h. Therefore, for the same room and conditions, the dimensions of the channels will be different. For example, to transfer a flow of 300 m 3 / h, you will need:

Therefore, few people today manage with natural ventilation. Unless in small houses (up to 100 sq. m.). Even in apartments with channels leading to the roof, bathrooms and toilets are ventilated using fans.

Organization rules

When installing an air movement system, you need to remember the basic principle: in order for everything to work efficiently, it is necessary to ensure the flow of air through the living rooms and its flow into the technical rooms. From there, he leaves through the ventilation ducts.

Today, air flow has become a problem: by reducing heating costs, we have cut off almost all sources of its supply. We install airtight windows, we insulate the walls through which at least a little air enters with airtight materials. The third source - entrance doors - today, almost all have iron ones, with a rubber seal. There was, in fact, the only way - airing. But we do not abuse it at all: it blows out heat. As a result, to the problems of lack of oxygen in the room, the problem of dampness is added: there is no inflow, and the outflow is inefficient. Even forced.

If you want the ventilation to be normal, and the walls in the rooms not to “wet”, make ventilation holes. There is such an option on metal-plastic windows, and there are separate devices that are mounted anywhere on the wall. They are available with adjustable shutters, of various shapes and sizes, and are covered with bars from the outside. It is best to install under the windows, above or behind the batteries. Then they are not visible in the room, and in winter the air coming from the street is heated.

Having ensured the inflow, care must be taken to ensure that it enters the technical premises through the doors. Therefore, there should be gaps under all doors: through them, air will flow into other rooms. It is advisable to install a ventilation grill in the bathroom doors and / or also make a gap of at least 2 cm from the floor. The same rules apply to other technical rooms: kitchen and toilet. Only if there is movement of air masses will ventilation work.

The doors of technical rooms - kitchens, bathrooms, toilets - must have ventilation grilles or valves. There are even valves with noise absorption, and the smell, if properly organized, will never get into other rooms

Calculation of fan performance for bathroom and toilet

To decide which fan to put on the bathtub with a toilet, you need to calculate the necessary air exchange. The calculation is a whole system, but when installing a fan, the main attention is paid to its characteristics: it provides the required air speed. In order not to interfere in the calculations, its performance can be taken according to average numbers.

Air exchange rate for different rooms. With their help, ventilation is calculated in the bathroom and toilet

As you can see from the table (this is from SNiP), for a bathroom, at least 25 m 3 / h should be “pumped” per hour, for a toilet or a combined bathroom, the speed should be twice as high - 50 m 3 / h. These are the minimum values. In reality, through three (or two) technical rooms - a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom - as much air should leave as it enters through the supply ventilation.

The calculation of the inflow is carried out according to the volume of all residential premises and usually exceeds it by 1.5-2 times, and the minimum values \u200b\u200bindicated in the table are not enough to ensure the required air exchange. Therefore, the performance of the fans is taken with at least a double margin, and even more for kitchens: this way there will be no unpleasant odors in the apartment, as well as dampness and fungi. Therefore, when going to the bathroom with a fan with a lower capacity than 100 m 3 / h, it is better not to take it.

Choice

First of all, you need to decide where you will put the fan: in the duct or on the wall. Accordingly, the type: channel or wall. In wall-mounted versions, there can also be two types: for installation at the inlet of the ventilation duct - they create more pressure, and for ductless installation - exit directly through the wall to the street. For a channelless installation, axial-type fans are usually used - they cannot create a pressure of more than 50 Pa; for this reason, they are not installed in channels.

In addition to the performance that you calculated, another important characteristic is the noise level. The smaller it is, the better. It is good if the noise level is no more than 35 dB.

Another thing to pay attention to is the level of electrical safety. For use in rooms with high humidity, a protection level of at least IP 44 is required (indicated on the fan housing).

Connecting a fan in the bathroom

For the fan to work, power is needed and the main question is how to connect it. There are several possibilities:

Connect in parallel with lighting. When you turn on the light in the bathroom or toilet, the fan automatically starts. But it also turns off automatically when the light is turned off. For the toilet, this situation is normal, but for the bathroom - not always. For example, after taking a hot shower, all the steam will not go away. Therefore, for bathrooms, you can use a different way to connect the fan or set a shutdown delay (a special device on which you can set the time interval after which the power will turn off).

Output to a separate switch key or put a separate toggle switch / button.
Set a timer that will automatically power up according to a schedule.

The electrical part is the hardest part. You will have to punch a strobe in the wall, “pack” the power cable into it, bring it to the installation site of the switch and connect it there, depending on the chosen method.

Checking the ventilation duct

Installing a fan in the bathroom with your own hands begins after checking the condition of the channel. To do this, remove the grate, if it has not been dismantled yet, and bring a flame (candle, lighter) or a piece of paper to the hole. If the flame or leaf is pulled steadily towards the channel, the draft is normal. If it stretches, then bends back - the thrust is unstable. In this case, if you live in an apartment building, smells from neighbors upstairs or downstairs can get to you. Then the smell in the toilet from the ventilation is possible. Traction needs to be stabilized.

If the flame or leaf almost does not deviate, the channel is clogged or blocked. In this case, mold and dampness, as well as unpleasant odors are guaranteed throughout the apartment, and in the bathroom, so be sure.

In case of abnormal draft, residents of high-rise buildings clean the channels themselves or call maintenance services. In private homes, in any case, everything falls on the shoulders of the owners. If the channel is unstable, you may have taken it out without taking into account the wind rose and the thrust periodically overturns. You can solve the problem by moving the exit, but it's not easy. To begin with, you can try to put a deflector (if it is not there) or slightly increase / decrease the height.

Features of forced ventilation in the bathroom

When the fan is installed while it is running, the amount of air discharged increases significantly. But due to the fact that the case covers part of the channel section, at other times, when the fan is not working, the flow decreases three times. As a result, the overall performance of the ventilation system drops.

To prevent this from happening, you can install a fan with an air intake grille located below and thus increase the performance to normal. The second option is to leave a gap of 1.5-2 cm between the case and the wall during installation, i.e. make legs. Air will enter the slot and ventilation will be normal in any case. See the video for more on this.

Having chosen the installation method and the type of grille, you can proceed directly to the installation. Fan sizes may vary. Therefore, each case is individual. But the basic steps are standard:

A hole must be made on the tile under the body. The easiest way is to attach a fan and outline. Then, with a special nozzle on a drill or a grinder, cut a hole of the appropriate size.
Remove the front panel from the fan. It is attached with one bolt at the bottom. The bolt was unscrewed, the grille was removed. Holes for fasteners are now visible. We insert the fan in this form into place (into the channel), mark on the tile with a pencil or marker the place where the bolts will be.
With a drill of the appropriate diameter, we make holes in the tile and wall to fit the size of the dowel.
We make an incision in the tile, where we will pass the power wire.
We insert dowels.
We stretch electrical wires through a special hole on the fan housing (if there is no hole, it is drilled).
We install in place, tighten the bolts.
We connect the wires.
We check the performance and install the grate.
For wooden toilets, all this is only partly true. Read about
Ventilation in the bathroom in a private house

Here the main difficulties may arise in the construction of exhaust channels. When planning, they can be brought together in one place and then brought to the roof. This is more difficult in terms of internal wiring - you will have to pull the ducts to the right place, and also more expensive during construction. But the look is solid.

Another way to arrange ventilation ducts: bring it through the wall, and then lift it up along the outer wall. According to the rules, for normal draft with natural ventilation, they should rise 50 cm above the ridge. But one common duct will be brought out by you or a separate one for each room - it depends on your desire or on the layout. The picture will look something like this.

There is another option: to make a mechanical hood that will work exclusively from the fan. Then, depending on the layout, one of the two options presented in the photo is suitable.

In the first case (on the left), the exhaust hole is made right in the upper part of the wall (in order for air exchange to be effective, it must be located opposite the door, obliquely, at the top). With this device, a conventional wall fan is used. The same figure shows how the number of required channels can be reduced. If your bathroom and toilet rooms are nearby, through a thin partition, then you can make a hole in the partition and install a grate. In this case, the ventilation of the bath will go through the toilet.

In the second option (pictured on the right), an air duct with a duct fan is used. The solution is simple, only there is one caveat: if the air duct ends under the roof overhang (it is short in the photo, but there are also long ones), then the tree will turn black after a while. If you draw a conclusion from the toilet this way, this may not happen, and in the case of the bathroom, high humidity will make itself felt in a couple of years. In this case, you can “pull out” the air duct to the roof cut or bring it up through the knee (but raise it 50 cm above the roof).