Stain is a composition with tinting properties. It is used for wood processing, under the influence of wood stain, the tree changes its shade. It is also used when working with fiberboard, chipboard, plywood, MDF. There are two certain types: for work indoors and outdoors. A pigment is added to the compositions for external use, which protects the coating from fading when exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Types of stains

If, when working with wood, you need to give it a different shade, you can’t do without stain. Wondering what kind of stain better fit for a specific purpose, and when considering options in stores, keep in mind that there are different types. Let's consider each of them separately.

Water-based stain

Colors wood in completely different shades: from light to very dark. From existing species- the most common. Available in liquid or dry (powder form). The use of powder requires dilution before starting work in warm water, liquid composition sold in ready-made.

A huge plus when working with such a stain is that it has no smell. This is a very important factor when working indoors. However, it takes 12 hours or more to dry. It can lift the wood fibers, additional sanding of the wood will be required.

After processing, varnishing is required. Acrylic stain belongs to the same type of compositions. Working with it is somewhat more convenient, but it is also more expensive.

Oil stain

It is a composition of a mixture of oils and dyes. The most commonly used oil is flaxseed. Distinctive features - easy and uniform application, ease of use, it does not have the ability to lift wood fibers. The dyes in the composition are highly resistant to light, it is not subject to fading.

The original color of the surface retains its brightness for a very long period. The coating is resistant to temperature extremes, perfectly protects the tree from moisture.

As for the application - you can use an airbrush, brush or rags. The stain dries quickly, within 2-4 hours. Great for restoration and minor touch-ups.

Alcohol stain

The liquid consists of denatured alcohol and aniline dyes. Thanks to alcohol, the pigment quickly penetrates into the wood and dries within 15-20 minutes. This type of stain requires a fast enough application to prevent uneven staining. It is best to work with a spray gun.

Nitromordant

Produced on the basis of solvents, properties and action are almost the same as alcohol. It dries quickly, forming a coating that is resistant to sunlight. It must be applied with a sprayer to avoid unevenness and difference in tone when staining.

Wood stain color selection

In accordance with international classification the color of each stain is assigned its own code, as well as a name identical to the type of wood, the shade of which you will receive by applying the composition. But, choosing a stain only based on the name on the label, you run the risk of encountering an unexpected result. This can happen for various reasons.

Made by different manufacturers, stains of the same color can give a different shade. In specialty stores there are samples of wood stained various types stains. They convey the color as accurately as possible, unlike the picture presented on the label, so it is better to focus on them.

Any wood has its own special color, density and texture. All these factors affect the final result, and coloring may not give quite the effect you expected.

The darker the shade of the tree itself, the more dark color It turns out in the end, when using the same stain.

Consider porosity as well: the softer the wood, the more intense the staining result will be. The composition will penetrate deeper and faster into the porous structure. If we compare, for example, pine and maple - pine is more porous, respectively, and the staining results will be different.

The structure of wood in the form of a natural pattern (veins) is also important when staining, affecting the intensity of the result. For example, when staining oak, pigments easily penetrate deep into the veins, due to which they darken faster than the rest of the wood. The hue on the veins will look more saturated.

Before starting work, it is advisable to conduct a color test on a separate board, treated in the same way as the material for painting. First, treat the entire board in one layer, then apply a second layer on 2/3 of the part, and a third layer on 1/3. You can see how the composition is suitable for a particular surface.

Photo stain

Staining of wood is one of the commonly used protective and decorative methods. This process is carried out using special substances, which are called - wood stains.

In order for the processing result to be successful, and appearance wood pleased you, you should responsibly approach the choice of stains. And so what are wood stains, and what should be considered when choosing them?

All stains for wood are divided into types depending on the basis on which they are made:

1. Wood stains based on water;
2. Alcohol-based wood stains;
3. Nitro stain for wood;
4. Oil stains for wood;
5. Wax stains for wood.

Wood stains based on water.

As the name implies, the basis of this type of stain is water. Stain on water based can be sold both already in finished form and in the form of a powder that is dissolved in water. It is easy to work with such a stain, it is very easy to apply, it dries quickly. The only, but significant, disadvantage wood stains based on water is its ability to lift wood fibers. This is due to the fact that when wood is saturated with water, its fibers rise. This feature disrupts the appearance of the material. In order to avoid such a phenomenon, before proceeding with the treatment of wood with a stain, it should be moistened with water and left for a while, after which, when the fibers rise, the surface, and after that proceed with the treatment with a stain. The color range of such stains consists of colors close to natural wood species, from light tones to mahogany and wenge.

Alcohol-based wood stains.

Alcohol-based products consist of a dye or tinting component dissolved in alcohol. Such stains are sold, as well as water-based stains, in the form of a ready-made solution or powder. If you choose a powder, be careful, alcohol-based stain is only diluted with 96% alcohol. If you are not sure that the alcohol that you purchased is exactly 96%, it is better to choose a stain in a ready-made solution. A feature of this type of stain is a short drying time. Alcohol stains And they dry out very quickly, so you need to be very careful when using them. If, while staining the surface, using an alcohol stain, you get distracted or make the wrong strokes, stains may remain on the surface that are quite difficult to remove or toned.

Nitro stains for wood.

This type of wood stain is made on the basis of a solvent. Nitro stains, as well as alcohol stains, dry very quickly, which makes processing a large surface very problematic, and besides, they have a sharp and bad smell which limits their indoor use. Nitro stains are best used for staining small surfaces, such as doors, windows, small decorative elements.

Oil stains for wood.

Oil stains for wood the most versatile and commonly used type of stain. The composition includes oils and oil-soluble coloring components. Oil-based wood stain is easy to apply, lie down evenly, dries quickly enough, but at the same time makes it possible to cover the surface evenly and without streaks. Oil stains for wood environmentally friendly, odorless, they can be used both outdoors and indoors. Oil stains, unlike others, have not only a decorative, but also a protective function for wood. Oil, penetrating into the upper layers of the tree, protects it from dampness, moisture and other atmospheric phenomena. The color range of oil stains is very wide, here you can choose the color and shade for every taste and for any interior.

Wax stains for wood.

Wax stains- This is one of the modern construction developments. When applying this type of stain on the surface, a protective film from wax which creates effective and thorough protection against moisture.

When choosing stains for wood, it is important to consider such factors:

1. The breed of the tree. Different types of wood are stained differently. For example, wood species that contain resins (pine, etc.) are stained when treated with stains, since the stain does not penetrate well into the areas where the resin is concentrated.
2. The specifics of the use of wood. If you are going to stain wooden utensils or, for example, children's toys are better to use oil or wax stains, they are safe for health and do not have bad smell.

Irina Zheleznyak, Correspondent of the online publication "AtmWood. Wood-Industrial Bulletin"

How useful was the information for you?

To give greater decorativeness and aesthetics to wood products, they are treated with wood stain. The solution changes the tone and emphasizes the texture of the wood. Modern stains have antiseptic properties and can significantly extend the life of the product.

Consider what types of stains are, how you can make a composition with your own hands, and what are the basic rules for applying stain to wood.

The purpose of wood stain

Stain is a tinting composition that is applied to treated wood to change the natural color of wood, plywood, furniture, chipboard, fiberboard and MDF. Morilka has a second name Beyts.

A special composition penetrates deep into the wood, so that the texture of the wood is preserved. Such an effect from enamel or paint cannot be achieved.

Some use wood stain to hide the true type of wood, such as painting inexpensive pine noble breeds trees. Others use the stain to update the interior of the room or emphasize beautiful texture natural material.

With the skillful use of stain and a combination of several shades at the same time, you can turn ordinary product from wood to artistic value

In addition to decorative functions, some types of stains also have protective properties. Wood stains include wood stains on oil-alkyd base or solvents. Such stains are able to protect the tree from insect pests, the appearance of mold and fungi.

Types of stains for wood processing

The main criterion by which all stains are classified is the basis for making the solution. The most common stains are water, alcohol, oil, acrylic and wax based. Consider the features of each type.

Water-based stains are available in two forms: dry stains in powder form for self-dilution in water, and in a ready-to-use state. Water stains take a long time to dry, so it will take a long time to get a uniform tone.

The main inconvenience of using stain is that during processing, the composition raises the wood fiber. On the one hand, this emphasizes the structure of the tree, and on the other hand, it makes the product more vulnerable to moisture. Therefore, before applying the stain, the wood should be wetted superficially, left to soak for a while and carefully sanded.

Alcohol stain is a solution of organic dyes with pigments in ethyl alcohol. Alcohol compositions are used for antiseptic and decorative painting. wooden products. Such stains reduce pile uplift and do not cause swelling of the wood.

When using alcohol stain, it is difficult to achieve uniform staining, as the composition dries quickly, and stains can form. For toning small items such stains can be suitable, but it will be very problematic to paint the parquet.

Alcohol stains are applied only with a spray gun (spray gun), and when painted with a brush, the result can be unpredictable

Stain on oil based have many tones and shades. Oil stain contains dyes soluble in drying oil and oils. White spirit is used as a solvent.

Oil stain - the most convenient to use: it can be applied different ways, does not lift the fibers and is distributed evenly over the entire surface. Products treated with oil-based stains can be easily repainted and restored.

Wax and acrylic stains- the latest generation of tinting materials. Stains based on acrylic resins and wax form a thin colored film on the surface of the wood, which additionally protects the material from excessive moisture. These types of stains evenly "lay" on the surface and are well suited for processing. wooden floors.

Acrylic stains have a wide range of tones that you can mix and get more subtle shades. The composition has no unpleasant odor, does not ignite and is suitable for all types of wood. Acrylic stains do not emit harmful fumes, and dry quickly after application.

When working with acrylic stain, it is important not to overdo it with the layer thickness. good effect can be obtained when applying no more than 2 layers, if more, then stains may form

Wax stains are very soft wax. They can be used directly on wood or pre-painted surfaces. Wax stains are applied with a cloth and spread over the wood with a rubbing motion.

Wax stains look most effective in combination with polishing. This technique is often used when finishing turning products, profiles and threads.

Important! Wax-based stains must not be used before wood treatment with two-component acid-curing varnishes or polyurethane.

Making a stain with your own hands: recipes for craftsmen

Plant stains

You can give wood a different shade with the help of plant components.

Wood stains based on coffee, tea and vinegar

Do-it-yourself wood stain can be made from improvised means: coffee, tea and vinegar.

You can give the tree a cherry, brown and dark brown hue with a solution of potassium permanganate: 50 g must be diluted in 1 liter warm water, apply to the wood, and after 5 minutes wipe the surface with a soft cloth. In order to get more bright shade treatment with potassium permanganate must be repeated.

After treating the wood with potassium permanganate stain, the surface must be covered protective composition, otherwise potassium permanganate will fade

Stains with chemical components

If you want to get a lasting color, you can experiment and create a stain from chemicals.

Whitening stains

Bleaching wood allows you to prepare the product for painting and achieve expressive tone. Some species of trees acquire unexpected color shades when bleached. For example, a walnut, which has a monochromatic texture with purple tint, after treatment with a bleaching stain, it becomes pale pink or alo-pink. The bleaching of the apple tree makes the wood a noble ivory color.

Whitening stain: photo

Can be used for bleaching different solutions. Some act very quickly, others more slowly.

1. Solution from oxalic acid. Dissolve 1.5-6 g of oxalic acid in 100 g of boiled water. This composition is suitable for bleaching light woods: linden, white poplar, light walnut, birch and maple. Dirty tones or gray spots may appear on other types of wood. Veneer sheets after bleaching should be washed with a solution (composition: hot water- 100 g, soda ash - 3 g, bleach - 15). This treatment deresin the surface and raises the pile of wood.
2. Bleaching with 25% hydrogen peroxide is suitable for most tree species except lemon tree, oak and rosewood. Products, after treatment with peroxide, do not need to be washed. Peroxide solution bleaches only finely porous tree species. Wood containing tannins is very difficult to lighten with such a stain. To improve the bleaching process, tannins must first be treated with a 10% solution of ammonia.

Whitening results different breeds trees:

• birch after bleaching in a solution of oxalic acid gets a greenish tint;
• ash and oak veneer becomes noticeably lighter after treatment with oxalic acid;
• Anatolian nut, when bleached in hydrogen peroxide (peroxide concentration not lower than 15%), acquires a golden hue, and walnut - pink.

Methods for applying stain

Wood stain processing can be done in one of four ways:

1. Spraying. The stain is applied to the surface of the wood with an airbrush. Spraying allows you to achieve an even distribution of the stain and obtain an even texture.
2. Trituration. The stain is applied to the wood and evenly rubbed over the entire area of ​​the product. The coating is transformed, the texture becomes pronounced. This method is optimal for porous wood species, and the stain should not be used to dry quickly.
3. Application with a roller or swab. This method is used in the processing of products small area, it helps to avoid streaks and ensures even distribution of the stain over the surface.
4. Brush application. In the absence of a spray gun or swab, you can use a brush, but this method is not suitable for all types of stain. Experts note that when applied with a brush, the wood gives a deeper, richer color than with other methods.

The main principles of wood stain processing

In order to receive beautiful product from natural material, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules of wood processing.

Applying stain: video

Possible defects and their elimination

It is necessary to apply the stain very carefully, since it will be quite difficult to remove the resulting defects.

The formation of streaks. This happens if the stain is applied to in large numbers and dries very quickly. In this case, you should try to remove the stain layer as much as possible. Another layer of stain should be applied to the hardening layer, which will soften the drying one, and then remove excess solution with a rag.

If the stain is completely dry, then a paint thinner must be used to remove it. However, the entire pigment cannot be removed. The top painted layer can be removed with a planer or sandpaper.

Product spotting. If the treated wood has an uneven density or wavy, then the absorption of the stain may occur unevenly - the color will be richer in some places, and lighter in others.

Spotting on mahogany or walnut looks attractive, but on the wood of cherry, birch, pine, spruce and poplar - it does not look natural

Spotting is very difficult to remove. You can remove the layer of stained wood with a planer, in plywood you will need to remove all the front veneer.

It is better to prevent the appearance of spotting in advance:

• test wood - apply stain on an unnecessary piece of the workpiece;
• use stain gel.

Stain-gel - a thick, pasty stain that does not spread and does not penetrate deep into the wood. In addition, helium stains have a low absorption rate.

Stains or stains are called tinting compositions that are used to finish wood to give it a more expressive shade. Soaking into the wood structure, the liquid paints over the surface layer, preserving the natural texture and relief of the surface.

Stain processing allows you to simply and without extra costs give inexpressive wood species a more noble appearance. The ability to experiment with shades reveals wide opportunities when finishing projects.

The composition of stains does not affect the main characteristics of the material. A film does not form on the surface, resistance to decay, hardness and strength of wood remain unchanged (in the absence of special components in the composition). It is not difficult to master the technique of applying stains.

The basis for stains can be water, alcohol, oil and other substances. Each type of finishing composition has its own characteristics, knowing which it is easy to choose the optimal type of finish for a particular project.

Water stain and its specificity

Water stain is available as a ready-to-use liquid and as a self-diluting powder to the desired concentration. Water-based stains have good adhesion, naturally emphasize the texture of wood and have wide range shades: from light tones to deep dark red colors. The absence of toxic odors makes such compounds indispensable for interior work.

When processing wood of resinous species, water stain can become stained due to uneven absorption into the structure of the material. In this case, the surface of the product is recommended to be subjected to the deresining procedure.

Another disadvantage when working with water stains is the problem of raised pile. To eliminate this defect, the prepared surface is moistened with water and allowed to dry. Then the product is sanded with fine-grained paper and it is opened with a finishing compound.

After wood processing water stain It takes 12-14 hours for it to dry completely.

In what cases are alcohol stains appropriate?

Alcohol stains are a category of finishing compositions based on aniline dyes diluted in alcohol. Like water stains, this product is offered in powder and liquid form. Distinctive feature finishing is the accelerated penetration of coloring pigments into the wood structure and quick drying.

The best method for applying alcohol stain is the use of an airbrush. The use of a brush, roller and swabs when working with such compositions is ineffective, due to rapid drying. The use of manual methods often results in streaks, uneven tone, spots and other defects.

Such compositions are optimal for finishing surfaces of large areas. Similar in characteristics to them are nitromordants - solvent-based stains.

The alcohol-based stain dries in 20-30 minutes.

Oil stains and their features

The finishing composition is dyes dissolved in oil, usually linseed. The stain is easily and evenly applied to the wood, and, as manual methods, and with a spray gun. It does not form surface films, emphasizes the texture of wood and provides air exchange.

A distinctive feature of the coloring pigments of such compositions is their resistance to UV radiation, due to which the painted surfaces do not fade in the sun, maintaining color saturation for years. White spirit is used to dilute oil formulations.

How long such a stain dries depends on the degree of its concentration and a number of other factors. On average, it takes from 2 to 4 hours.

Wax and acrylic compounds

According to all the main characteristics, such stains are similar to oil counterparts. A distinctive feature of wax and acrylic stains is their moisture-proof properties. Finishing well protects the surface of the tree from water, but is vulnerable to mechanical damage.

Wax and acrylic compounds easy to apply by hand, keep the same tone, do not leave streaks. They do not raise the pile and well emphasize the natural texture of the wood. This type of finish is actively used in the restoration of furniture. This type of stain is offered in a wide range of colors.

How long such a stain dries also depends on a complex of factors. On average, the process of complete drying of wax and acrylic stains takes 4-5 hours.

What tools are used to apply stain?

Wood staining at home can be done with a brush, foam or fabric swab, paint roller, as well as a spray gun. The choice of technique is determined primarily by the type of finishing composition.

The optimal ratio of materials and tools used:

• alcohol and nitromorilki - airbrush;
• water stains - swabs, roller, brushes with synthetic bristles;
• oil and acrylic stains - wide brushes with natural bristles, lint-free swabs.

How to paint a wood stain: methods for applying a finishing composition

There are two generally accepted methods for treating wood with wood stain:

1. Application of the composition in excess and subsequent removal of excess with a swab.

The technique is relevant primarily for water formulations. It allows you to even out color transitions, eliminate smudges and achieve lighter tones. The stain is applied with circular (tampon) or longitudinal (roller, brush) movements, followed by wiping along the fibers. After the first layer dries, the second one is applied. The procedure is repeated until the desired color saturation is achieved.

1. Application of the composition in excess without subsequent wiping off the excess.

This technique is more appropriate when using wax, oil and acrylic stains when the goal is to achieve deep wood tones. Partial wiping of excess is allowed after the main part of the composition is absorbed into the structure of the tree. This allows you to even out the tone and get rid of minor defects that may occur when applying the composition.

• to enhance adhesion, the stain can be slightly heated, this will improve the speed and depth of penetration of the composition into the wood structure;
• it is not recommended to strongly soak the brush, swab or roller in finishing composition. Controlled stain intake minimizes the risk of smudges and blotches.
• the ends of the board are stained more intensively than the main surface, because. they absorb the composition more actively.

How to prepare the surface for finishing?

Speaking about the merits of wood stain, one should not forget that it emphasizes not only the expressiveness of the wood texture, but also all the defects present on its surface. Therefore, special attention is paid to the proper preparation of the product.

1. The wooden surface is sanded with medium and fine-grained paper. The old coating, if any, is completely removed.
2. The surface cleaned and leveled by grinding is degreased with a sponge dipped in white spirit.
3. Conifers undergo a deresining procedure, for this they are treated with a special compound.
4. When working with water stains on wooden surface preliminarily remove the raised pile (see point 2).
5. A color test is made on the prepared surface. A test coat will give you an idea of ​​how the composition interacts with a particular type of wood and how many layers of it will need to be applied to achieve the desired color.

Compliance with this algorithm will help to achieve a professional result when staining wood at home.

How to solve the spotting problem?

The uneven tone of the finish, when the stain appears stronger in some places and weaker in others, is a common problem that is associated with the characteristics of certain types of wood. Spotting can occur when processing resinous wood, as well as species with uneven density or plywood. In the first case, it is recommended to deresin the surface, in the second - to pre-treat the wood with special conditioners that will close the pores and ensure uniform absorption of the stain.

Painting wooden products with stain and varnish

To enhance the wear resistance and attractiveness of the surface of wooden products painted with stain, they are additionally opened with varnish. At this stage, many are faced with the problem when, when varnish is applied, the stain begins to wash away, which ultimately spoils all the work done.

At the stage finishing important to remember:

• water stains should be combined with non-aqueous varnishes;
• alcohol stains - with non-alcohol paints and varnishes.

Wood stains based on natural oils

Stains for wood, based on natural linseed oil, are used

for many years. During this time, not a single generation has changed, a lot has changed, something has become worse, something better, but we know for sure that Minwax has been improving its technologies for more than 100 years. And every year stains and varnishes produced by this company surprise their users with excellent quality.

Minwax stain for wood is made on the basis of natural linseed oil, Minwax gives a very beautiful, juicy and rich color, which highlights the structure of the tree well, and the product looks quite rich, as well as minwax stains will keep the tree beautiful for many years. Minwax is an ideal tinting for stairs, furniture, doors, and wooden floors, logs, wooden facades. Minwax is environmentally friendly so suitable for residential use and will keep your wooden interior from aging and ultraviolet radiation. Minvax stains are quite easy to use. To give the product the desired shade, it is enough to apply two layers with a brush (it makes no sense to apply the third one, because all saturation is achieved with just two layers. Subsequent layers will not change the result, but will waste your time) wait 10-15 minutes so that the wood has time to soak, and wipe off residue with a dry, lint-free cloth. After this procedure, there will be no more streaks on your product. After applying the first layer, it is recommended to wait 4 hours before applying the second layer.

A huge palette of colors of Minwax stains is presented in 22 variations:

All these colors can be mixed with each other and get even more juicy, beautiful shades.

You ask why you chose stains from the companyMinwax? Well, let's try to answer this question. I use Minvax stains for you:

1. Save time.

2. Save energy.

3. Protect and give color to wood for many years.

Well, here are the main advantages of stainsMinwax. By saving time you save money. After all, it is not for nothing that in modern society they say: Time is money.

One of the stainsMinwax This high price. But this is offset by the speed of the finish and great view your product, be it furniture, stairs, floors, walls, etc.

Minwax® Wood Finish™ Instructions for Use

Minwax® Wood Finish™ is an oil-based wood stain that provides long lasting color to wood. It penetrates deep into the pores filling them, thereby preventing other particles from getting into them.

Great solution for toning wooden stairs, furniture, cabinets, doors, finishes, skirting boards and wooden floors. Minwax® Wood Finish™ makes it easy to achieve great results in your projects.

Application procedure

1. Level the look with sanding, starting with coarse (120) and ending with fine (220) sanding. Remove all dust, wipe the surface with a cloth moistened with white spirit.

2. On wood soft rocks For best result use Minwax Wood Conditioner as directed.

3. Pre-stir. For lighter shades, you can use 209 stain (Natural) as a thinner.

4. Apply the stain in the direction of the grain of the wood with a brush, applicator or cloth.

5. Let it soak in for 5-15 minutes, the longer the soak time, the richer and darker the shade.

6. Wipe off excess unabsorbed stain with a dry, clean, lint-free cloth in the direction of the grain of the wood.

7. For a darker shade, apply another coat of stain after 4-6 hours. Do not sand between coats!

8. The surface is ready for further processing after 8 hours. Recommended before coating varnish compositions treat (wipe) the tinted surface with white spirit.

More about stain

Tool brush, cloth or foam applicator

Next coat after 4 - 6 hours

Drying time 8 hours

Coverage 1 liter of stain is enough for 14 sq.m.

Cleaning tools with water and soap, mineral spirits

Number of layers is normal 2 layers, do more to get a saturated layer

Used for tinting wooden stairs, wooden furniture, interior items, as well as for toning wooden parts on ships (sea, river)

You can buy or order in our online store LESPRO.RU.

with delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region, Kaluga and the Kaluga region, Russia by transport companies.