Design of gas fire extinguishing systems. Design of gas fire extinguishing Automatic installation of gas fire extinguishing project

Plant design gas fire extinguishing(UGP) is carried out on the basis of a specialist’s study of many parameters of the building, including quite specific aspects:

dimensions and design features premises;
number of premises;
distribution of premises by fire hazard categories (according to NPB No. 105-85);
presence of people;
options technological equipment;
characteristics of HVAC systems (heating, ventilation, air conditioning), etc.

In addition, the fire extinguishing design must take into account the requirements of the relevant codes and regulations - this way the extinguishing system will be as effective as possible in fighting a fire and safe for people in the building.

Thus, the choice of a designer of a gas fire extinguishing installation should be taken responsibly; it is better if the same contractor is responsible not only for the design of the facility, but also for the installation and further maintenance of the system.

Technical description of the object

Gas fire extinguishing installation is a complex system, which is used when extinguishing fires of classes A, B, C, E in enclosed spaces. Selection optimal option GOTV (gas fire extinguishing agent) for UGP allows not only to be limited to those rooms where there are no people, but also to actively use gas fire extinguishing to protect objects where maintenance personnel may be located.

Technically, the installation is a complex of devices and mechanisms. As part of the gas fire extinguishing system:

modules or cylinders that serve to store and supply GFFS;
distributors;
pipelines;
nozzles (valves) with a shut-off and starting device;
pressure gauges;
fire detectors that generate a fire signal;
control devices for UGP management;
hoses, adapters and other additional items.

The number of nozzles, diameter and length of pipelines, as well as other parameters of the UGP, are calculated by the master designer according to the methods of the Norms and Rules for the design of gas fire extinguishing installations (NPB No. 22-96).

Drawing up project documentation

The preparation of project documentation by the contractor is carried out in stages:

Inspection of the building, clarification of customer requirements.
Analysis of source data, performing calculations.
Drawing up a working version of the project, approval of documentation with the customer.
Preparation of the final version of project documentation, which includes:
- text part;
- graphic materials - layout of protected premises, available technological equipment, location of the UGP, connection diagram, cable route;
- specification of materials, equipment;
- detailed estimate for installation;
- work statements.

The speed of installation of all equipment, as well as the reliable and efficient operation systems.

Gas fire extinguishing module

Special gas fire extinguishing modules are used for storage, protection from external influences and release of GFFS to extinguish a fire. Externally, these are metal cylinders equipped with a shut-off and release device (ZPU) and a siphon tube. Those models in which it is stored liquefied gas, in addition, they have a device for controlling the mass of GFFS (it can be either external or built-in).

The cylinders usually have an information plate, which is filled out by the responsible person or the UGP maintenance technician. The following data must be entered into the plate regularly: module capacity, operating pressure. The modules must also be marked:

from the manufacturer - trademark, serial number, compliance with GOST, expiration date, etc.;
working and test pressure;
mass of empty and charged cylinder;
capacity;
dates of testing, charging;
name of the GOTV, its mass.

Activation of the module in case of fire occurs after a signal is received from the manual start devices or the fire alarm control panel to the starting device (PU). After the launcher is triggered, powder gases are formed, creating excess pressure. Thanks to this, the seal is opened and the fire extinguishing gas comes out of the cylinder.

Cost of installation of gas fire extinguishing

The UGP designer must carry out a preliminary calculation of the installation cost of the installation.

The price will depend on several factors:

cost of technological equipment - modules, including components and required amount GOTV, control panels, detectors, displays, cabling;
height and area of the protected room (or rooms);
purpose of the object;
type GOTV.

Contract for installation of fire extinguishing system

High-quality gas fire extinguishing installation design, installation calculations, further Maintenance systems – we do all this for our clients.

Details such as:

cost of work,
payment order,
installation deadlines,
our obligations towards the customer, -

After discussion and approval with the client, they will be specified in the contract.

As a result, we get the job, and our client gets a gas fire extinguishing system with a guaranteed high degree of reliability and quality.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing has its own distinctive features. Gas, being a volatile compound, does not harm objects located in the area of fire.

The first stage of the installation is the design of a gas fire extinguishing system, including the calculation of the required amount of extinguishing agent required to extinguish the fire. At the second stage, the diameters of the distribution and main pipelines are determined, as well as the total areas of the outlet openings in the nozzles.

It does not deform burning things and prevents the spread of fire by absorbing excess oxygen, therefore, in rooms where electrical equipment is located, as well as in server rooms and archives, the installation of gas fire extinguishing contributes to the complete safety of existing equipment and documentation in the event of a fire.

To obtain the latest data, hydraulic calculations of gas fire extinguishing are used according to approved methods. An increase or decrease in thermal indicators at the source of fire does not affect gas mixtures, therefore the design of gas fire extinguishing can be used at low temperatures.

Settings gas extinguishing fire - The best way fighting fires in technological equipment and premises with the storage of valuable documentation and items. Gas equipment is expensive and at the same time highly efficient, which leads to their frequent use.

Gas easily penetrates into the most hard to reach places, quickly suppressing fire and without causing damage to things and devices. Gas fire extinguishing installations are installed in archives, museums, server rooms, libraries, and are also used to protect control panels of nuclear power plants, in drying and painting chambers.

Preparation for gas fire extinguishing design

Installation of a gas fire extinguishing installation is impossible without the preliminary development of design documentation. From literacy in drafting, correctness decisions made and the calculations performed depend on the level of protection of the facility, the efficiency of the extinguishing equipment and the safety of people.

Before designing a gas extinguishing installation, the following information is studied and recorded in detail:

functional purpose of the object: residential, public, warehouse, production;
constructive and architectural planning nuances of the building;
availability and location utility networks: electrical, plumbing, ventilation;
temperature regime and climatic characteristics of the object;
identification of a building based on fire and explosion hazards.

Developing a gas installation project for a facility under construction is much easier than for an existing one. In the first case, communication routes are calculated in such a way that they ensure the operation of all elements of the system.

Sequence of gas installation design

The process of developing design documentation for gas fire extinguishing includes the following stages:

drawing up and approval of technical specifications for design;
determining the likelihood and feasibility of using a gas fire extinguishing installation, taking into account the degree of leakage of the protected premises;
calculation of the required amount of fire extinguishing agent (FEX) for several compositions;
assessment of the financial costs of installing an automatic gas fire extinguishing system along with the cost of the equipment;
determination of the required area of openings for discharge overpressure when supplying airwaves to the premises;
establishing a delay time for the release of gas into the room, which will ensure safe evacuation of people and turn off ventilation, but will be no less than 10 s;
calculation of the number of cylinders for gas exhaust;
choice of automatic installation type: modular or centralized;
making a decision about the need or lack thereof regarding the stock of chemical weapons;
choosing the type of nozzles and planning their placement so that the gas spreads evenly throughout the entire volume of the room;
determining the pipe layout;
hydraulic calculation of the installation: calculation of the diameters of pipelines, outlet openings of nozzles, clarification of the type and number of nozzles, time of supply of fire extinguishing agent through the selected piping with nozzles;
selection of pipeline design;
making a decision to equip centralized installations with local triggering devices;
selection of control equipment for the extinguishing installation.

When designing gas fire extinguishing systems, the interior layout the facility, the presence of suspended or suspended floors, elevators and cable shafts in the premises, decorative partitions, as well as the schedule and working hours of personnel.

Developing a project for a gas fire extinguishing installation is a long and complex process that has a lot of nuances and subtleties. Only an experienced professional specialist can perform such work.

When choosing a gas fire extinguishing agent, it is important to choose it correctly and take into account all the features of the room. At making the right choice The fire safety system extinguishes the fire before the fire brigade arrives.

There are three types of fire extinguishing agents in gas fire extinguishing installations. The safest for human health and environment Inert gases are considered: argon, nitrogen and their mixtures. Carbon dioxide has a cooling effect on the flame, transforming it into “snow.” The most high efficiency when extinguishing fires with freons - halogen-containing hydrocarbons.

The positive qualities of using gas fire extinguishing equipment are the speed of eliminating the consequences of a fire and rapid ventilation of the room. Detailed development of a gas fire extinguishing project is especially important when extinguishing municipal property, since it is impossible to interrupt the operation of such objects for a long period of time.

At energy facilities, oil cellars of metallurgical enterprises, turbogenerators of thermal power plants, state district power plants, paint shops and chambers, warehouses of valuable materials, computer center premises, various hardware rooms, museums, libraries, etc. Gas fire extinguishing modules are the main fire extinguishing systems.

Gas fire extinguishing is the most effective and in many cases no alternative method automatic extinguishing fire (ignition). Gas extinguishing agents have been used in fire extinguishing systems for many years - in Europe they began to be widely used back in the 1950s. Gas has many advantages - it is most often an environmentally friendly substance that effectively extinguishes fire and does not harm property and interiors.

Modern systems gas fire extinguishing systems are truly unique. If a few years ago we knew only about a few varieties, then today new generations of gas fire extinguishing agents used in systems automatic fire extinguishing, allow us to speak of ourselves as absolutely safe, environmentally friendly products that quickly evaporate from the atmosphere.

The scope of application of gas fire extinguishing systems is wide - they are used wherever the use of water, powder or foam is undesirable or impossible - at facilities where there is a lot of electronic computing equipment (server rooms, computing centers, hardware), where even a short-term power outage can lead to extreme serious consequences(for example, on airplanes and on ships), as well as in premises where valuable papers or works of art are stored - archives, libraries, museums, art galleries.

Cost of gas fire extinguishing design

List of design works

Choosing a specialist

Usage the latest systems gas fire extinguishing requires a number of preparatory and design work, on which the flawless operation of the entire automatic fire extinguishing system as a whole largely depends.

The design of gas fire extinguishing must be carried out by specialists, since all calculations are made in accordance with the rules established by law. The design of gas fire extinguishing systems is based on the analysis of several parameters: the number of premises, their size, as well as the availability suspended ceilings and partitions, area doorways, temperature conditions at the facility, air humidity in the room, presence and working hours of personnel.

Based on these data, the required number of modules/reservoirs with gas, the diameter of the pipelines through which gas will be supplied to the source of fire, as well as the number and size of holes in the nozzles spraying gas are calculated.

Equipment selection

Hi-tech and advanced developments of the 3M company made it possible to create an absolutely safe, environmentally friendly product of a new generation - the gas substance Novec 1230. It contains components that do not cause corrosion and have excellent dielectric properties.

The gaseous substance is not absorbed into surfaces sensitive to humidity, evaporates quickly, as a result of which no damage is caused to valuable property, for example, when extinguishing a fire, archival materials, electrical equipment, computers, and art objects are not damaged by the gaseous substance Novec 1230 used for fire extinguishing.

Mandatory requirement current standards are to carry out calculations of the need to organize openings to relieve excess pressure, integrate AUGPT into the building, organize gas and smoke removal from the protected premises after extinguishing the fire. All these complex calculations are carried out using approved methods and require special engineering knowledge.

Ed Valitov

08.12.2018

Hello, our dear readers and blog guests.

Today we'll talk about this important element protecting us and our property, as gas equipment for fire fighting, or rather, about the stages and tasks of its planning.

Designing a gas fire suppression system, like any other system, describes its specifications and purpose.

Our goal is to demonstrate the procedure for creating an optimal application project that the reader could apply, adapting it to his own object.

Let's, according to tradition, start with the basics and definitions of the subject we are studying.

Let's see what gas fire extinguishing equipment is and where it is used.

These installations use gas or gaseous reagents, which, when entering into a chemical reaction with heated air, prevent further combustion.

They are divided into the following methods of influencing the source of ignition.

Inhibitory - gaseous reagents block the way for further chemical reaction combustion. It can be sulfur hexafluoride or one of these types of refrigerants: 318C (C 4 F 8), 227EA (C 3 F 7 H), 23, 125 (C 2 F 5 H), FK-5-1-12 (CF 3 CF 2 C (O) CF (CF 3) 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2).
Deoxidative - non-flammable inert gas displaces oxygen from the room. These are, for example, carbon dioxide, a mixture of inergen, nitrogen, and argon. Devices of this type fill the entire area of the burning room with a substance to extinguish the flame. To increase their effectiveness, it is necessary to have an access control system (ACMS) that shuts off ventilation, closes doors, and windows to limit the access of air to the fire to the maximum extent possible.

Application of devices with gas cylinder regulated by the SP standard 5.13130.2009.

The average fire extinguishing installation installed in premises of different fire hazard categories includes the following components:

One or more gas cylinders, which are equipped with an electric valve or squib.

Pipelines coming from cylinders with spray tips.

A control and launch control device that activates the installation based on a fire alarm signal.
Communication channels for transmitting information (cables).
Devices for collecting/processing information (for example, a personal computer).
Fire alarms – sound sirens, speech devices, light detectors (placards).
System

Gas fire extinguishing devices are much more expensive than foam, water and powder fire extinguishing devices.

They are also more effective. That's why this equipment widely used in many industries, Everyday life and is used to extinguish fire in:

production;
storage facilities for material assets;
museums;
archives;
construction sites;
rooms with expensive electronics;
other socially significant objects.

They are successfully used in large buildings and rooms with complex layouts due to the high rate of spread of the fire extinguishing agent (AE).

AUGPT can operate in three startup modes:

The main advantages of gas fire extinguishing are the following qualities.

They do not emit toxic chemicals during operation and do not pollute the environment.
They quickly detect fires and fill the room with gas in 10-30 seconds.
No damage to material assets when extinguishing a fire.
Wide range of application temperatures: from -40 ºС to +50 ºС.
The room can be returned to a stationary state a few hours after natural ventilation.

We can name these factors as disadvantages of AUGPT.

Relatively expensive installation and operation.
You cannot extinguish substances that burn without oxygen.
Cannot be used in open areas.
Before work begins, complete evacuation of personnel from the building is required.

Characteristics of the facility and equipment

For our project, we chose a server room on the ground floor with an area of 1200 sq. m. meters of a two-story building of a regional bank.

This is where we will introduce AUGPT. But first, let's describe our object with all its technical means in details.

The zero mark is the floor level of the first floor.
The walls of the building are brick with reinforced concrete floors.
The average room temperature is 15-20 °C.
Relative air humidity reaches 70%.
Air flow speed – up to 1 m/s.
The server room has raised floors.
There is equipment operating in a temperature range from 0 °C to 40 °C.
There are no explosive premises.
AUGPT works in conjunction with:

24/7 power supply system.

The modes of all subsystems are controlled using the PPKOPP control equipment, as well as remote start panels.
AUPT operates under the control of the ASP reception and control device and S2000-ASPT sirens.
All devices are installed in a separate metal cabinet.
C 2 F 5 H gas (“Freon-125”) is used as a fire extinguishing agent.
The method of extinguishing the flame is volumetric, with a cooling effect.
The service life of AUGPT is at least 10 years.

A fire signal is generated when the pressure switch is activated. The distance from the gas installation modules to the heat source is at least one meter.

The system starts:

automatically - from fire alarms (when at least two are activated);
remotely:

from the control and monitoring console;
from the display unit;
from element remote control located at the front door.

The holding time from the moment the fire signal is received until the gas is released into the room is 30 seconds.

During this time, with remote or automatic modes the system is closed, air conditioning and ventilation are turned off, and in manual start mode, people are also evacuated from the building.

The quantitative characteristics of the protected object are presented in the following summary table.

Control devices

What equipment do you think is more effective for use in gas fire extinguishing installations?

Storing electronic information in a credit institution requires responsibility, so it is necessary to select reliable, fault-tolerant equipment for AUGPT.

One of the automatic fire extinguishing options is given below.

Security and fire control panel S2000M. This is the control center. Here, information is collected, the outputs of different devices are combined, cross connections are created between several sections of alarm loops, and access rights to control functions are differentiated for different users. RS-485 interface, information transfer using a specified protocol.
Display unit S2000-PT. Controls fire automatics, displays the status of various AUGPT equipment, and notifications from other devices. The following states are possible:

fire;
ASPT blocking;
launch of ASPT;
attention;
malfunction;
automation is on/off.

Control and reception device S2000-ASPT. Controls sounders and fire extinguishing equipment. Monitoring the serviceability of triggering mechanisms for a short circuit or open circuit, setting the delay of release of the CB separately for each of the startup modes, monitoring the state of the serviceability circuit, the output control circuit, the circuit of door status sensors and manual start, fire alarm loops.
Signal and trigger unit S2000-SP1. Relay expander – controls sirens, lamps, electromagnetic locks, and other elements, interacts with other devices, and sends alarm signals to the surveillance console.
Smoke optical-electronic detector IP212-58. Ultra-sensitive smoke sensor - reacts to the appearance of smoke in the room. The developed design allows to reduce dust in the chamber.
Electric contact element for remote control EDU 513-3M. Used to manually start fire automatics. In stationary mode, displays a flashing LED every 4 seconds. Works in conjunction with a control panel.

For electrical supply of devices we use an uninterruptible power supply "RIP-24" version 02P with rechargeable batteries capacity 7 Ah.

Powered devices operate for 23 hours in standby mode and 3 hours in “Fire” mode.

We present the energy consumption data of the equipment used.

Design of a gas fire extinguishing installation

Now is the time to find out what is needed to prepare for design, what stages the project consists of. We draw up the project, guided by the document SP 5.13130.2009.

Before the first stage of the project, we need to collect and study the following information:

purpose of the premises: warehouse, public, industrial or residential;
location engineering communications: water, electricity, ventilation, Internet and telephone cables;
architectural, planning, design features of the facility;
climatic conditions, maintained air temperature;
fire and explosion hazard class of the structure.

Having studied and analyzed this information in detail, we will be able to identify the successive stages of our planning.

The development of project documentation is carried out in accordance with this plan.

Determination and approval of technical specifications for the project.
Setting the efficiency indicator of the AUGPT, taking into account the leakage rate of the protected object.
Determining the type of fire extinguishing agent.
Hydraulic calculation of AUGPT. We produce it according to the methodology from the document SNiP RK 2.02-15-2003. It involves the calculation:

the calculated mass of the agent to extinguish the fire;
duration of delivery of the substance;
irrigation intensity;
maximum extinguishing area with one sprinkler;
the diameter of the system pipelines, outlet openings, the number and type of nozzles (filters) for uniform distribution of gas throughout the facility;
the maximum value of excess pressure when pumping the working solution;
the number of system modules, as well as the supply of OM.

Estimation of costs for equipment, installation of AUGPT.
Calculation of the size of openings for throwing a substance into a room under excess pressure.
Calculation of the delay time for the release of gas to the outside, which will be required to shut down ventilation system etc., as well as safe evacuation of people (at least 10 seconds).
Selecting the type of device: centralized or modular.
Determining the number of cylinders with agent for installation.
Decision on the need to maintain a supply of fire extinguishing agent.
Creating a piping diagram.
Deciding on the need for a local start-up device for a centralized AUGPT.
Establishment correct design pipelines.
Selection of control devices gas installation fire extinguishing

After completing the project, i.e. full payment installations and procurement necessary equipment we can begin the installation process and commissioning works, which are regulated regulatory documents SNiP 3.05.06-85, RD 78.145-93 and other engineering, technical and legal documentation.

Dear readers, we have reviewed the process and stages of designing a gas fire extinguishing installation.

The standard project AUGPT for the server room of a credit institution is, rather, an academic manual for everyone who wants to implement this equipment at their facility.

See you again on the pages of our blog.

Before installing and assembling any fire extinguishing equipment, its placement diagram is pre-designed by a specialist. This also applies to gas fire extinguishing. Competently and correctly carried out work on drawing up a project for a gas fire extinguishing system will allow you to avoid many problems with the subsequent reinstallation of the complex, emergency situations and other troubles.

How gas fire extinguishing is designed - general provisions and principles

Drawing up a project begins with studying the initial data on the object of protection. The specialist takes into account such parameters as:

dimensions of the premises;
location of floors, their design;
placement of utilities;
the presence and size (area) of openings in enclosing structures that are constantly open;
values of maximum permissible pressure in premises;
microclimatic parameters of the premises where the components of the AUGP will be located;
fire hazard of premises, fire class according to Gosstandart for substances and materials stored there;
features (if any) of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system;
availability and characteristics of technological equipment in the premises;
the number of people constantly present in the premises;
features of evacuation routes and exits.

The amount of data that needs to be known and taken into account when designing is significant. Based on the collected information, the designer calculates the gas fire extinguishing system.

As a result, the AUGP parameters suitable for a specific object will be selected:

the required amount of gas extinguishing agent;
optimal duration of GFFS supply;
required diameter of pipelines, type and number of nozzles for installation;
maximum excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing agent;
number of backup modules (cylinders) with GFFS;
type and number of fire detectors (sensors).

The design of gas PT installations is carried out on the basis of standards fire safety(NPB No. 22-96).

Stages of designing gas fire extinguishing at facilities

Any gas fire extinguishing project begins with receiving an assignment from the customer to perform the work, and then collecting and analyzing data on the facility.

The further plan of action is approximately the following:

Determination of the type of AUGP (modular, mobile, stationary).
Engineering calculations.
Development and execution of drawings for a gas fire extinguishing installation project.
Drawing up specifications for materials and equipment.
Development of specific tasks for further installation of AUGP.

According to current standards, when designing an AUGP, it is necessary to take into account some nuances:

organization of openings to relieve excess pressure;
integration of gas fire extinguishing with other building systems;
planning effective gas removal from premises after using AUGP, etc.

Calculations require special knowledge from the designer, permission and license to carry out this type of work.

We are ready to provide all this, as well as installation and further maintenance of gas fire extinguishing systems to our clients.