The best way The organization of water supply for a private house is the installation of wells. To carry out work with the least losses for an already developed area, do-it-yourself hydro-drilling of water wells is carried out, the implementation of which also allows you to save significantly.
Hydrodrilling: general characteristics
Hydrodrilling of an artesian well is carried out using a mobile drilling rig (MDR) and a self-priming water pump. The dense layer of earth is softened with water, washed and pumped out with a motor pump from the already formed hole.
Soil destruction is accelerated by a special hydraulic solution with quartz sand or steel shot. A powerful drill bit is often used. This method is more used for sandy and sandy loam, loamy and clay soils. Working with rocky soil is excluded.
Advantages and disadvantages of the method
The construction of wells by hydraulic drilling using a mobile drilling rig has the following advantages:
- there is no need to use large-sized special equipment;
- a small drilling rig allows you to equip wells without damaging the artificial or natural landscape (the use of a small-sized design occupies an area of only 4 square meters);
- All necessary work can be done independently;
- drilling work can also be carried out in rooms - for example, a garage or basement, the height of which exceeds 3.5 m;
- the process of hydrodrilling wells lasts from one to three days;
- The MDU is easy to use, and you can simply carry it in your hands to the work site.
Despite the obvious advantages, do-it-yourself hydrodrilling of water wells also has some disadvantages:
- difficulties when passing through hard ground;
- depth restrictions.
Tools and materials
For hydrodrilling, you will need to purchase rubberized gloves, an entrenching tool, rubber boots, a transfer fork, a liquid reservoir with a volume of at least 2 m 3, a pipe wrench, and a hand clamp.
Directly to carry out drilling operations, you will need the following equipment - MDU, a high-power gasoline motor pump for pumping drilling fluid, 125 mm plastic casing pipes (for wells with a shallow depth - 116 mm), a slot filter or spray filter, and a pump.
MBU device
The drilling rig is a small collapsible structure consisting of:
- a supporting part with an installed reversible motor with a mechanism for creating torque;
- systems of drills and drill rods;
- a winch, through which the equipment is raised and lowered to extend the working column with rods;
- motor pumps;
- swivels;
- hoses;
- a flap or exploratory cone drill, used to pass through a compacted part of the soil and center the equipment;
- control unit.
The MDR allows you to go 50 meters into the ground.
Work process and sequence
Small installation
The technology used for hydraulic drilling is not too complicated. Initially, you should study maps of the area and determine at what depth the aquifer lies, calculate the required number of casing pipes, and pour the liquid used for cooking into pre-prepared tanks. drilling fluid liquid.
It is best to start manual hydraulic drilling early in the morning. First you need to assemble the MBU. Then two technological recesses are dug: filtration (width, length and depth - 0.7 m) and main (1 m in all directions). A pit for filtration is made near the MBU, and another one is made at a distance. A motor pump is located near the main pit.
The recesses should be connected to each other using trays and filled with flushing liquid. A hose is attached to the outlet of the pump, which is led to the main recess. The hose for supplying hydraulic solution is pulled to the installation from the outlet and connected to the swivel. From the pit, the pump sucks in drilling fluid, which is directed under pressure to the bottom. The mixture erodes the soil, polishes the walls of the well and reduces the temperature of the drilling device.
The drilling fluid from the well is directed into a filtration recess so that the soil settles to the bottom. The purified mixture flows back into the main pit. Having reached the water-bearing source, the formed well is thoroughly cleaned. The rods are removed and casing pipes equipped with a filter are installed. A pump is lowered into the shaft and immersed in water.
Drilling fluid supply
On final stage should be pumped established system. After successful verification, it is ready for use.
A diagram of the process of hydrodrilling water wells is shown in the figure.
Hydro drilling scheme
Hydrodrilling methods
Drilling with a tip
Sharp tip
A pointed, jagged tip is welded onto the head of the rod. It destroys the dense layer of earth. When the rod with the aspirator built into the MDU rotates, it gradually deepens into the soil. Destroyed rocks are washed away with bentonite solution.
During washing, clay particles adhere to the walls of the shaft, thereby strengthening them. Dirt coming to the surface accumulates in the sewer storage capacity. Solid particles remain at the bottom, and the filtered liquid flows into another sump. Next, the water mass washes away excess soil from the mine. The cycle repeats.
Do-it-yourself hydrodrilling of wells with a tip allows you to make a well up to 30 m deep.
Delamination and washing out of soil by water pressure
It is important to make a hole in the ground correctly and prepare a special solution (water and hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1:20,000). Casing pipes should be run into the mine immediately when an aquifer is discovered. The gap between the shaft wall and the pipe should be cemented. This will prevent melt and free-flowing groundwater from penetrating into the trunk.
Slag receptacles must be deep. In this case, the soil particles will remain at the bottom and will not float up during the next water intake. When using this method, it is important to know that you will be able to drill a well in crumbly soil. Hydrodrilling will not work in the ground where hard layers of Jurassic clay lie - water simply will not be able to pass through them. The maximum depth of the well will be 15 m.
Rotary drilling
The underground layers are destroyed by means of a roller bit mounted in a MDU significantly loaded for weighting. It rotates, receiving energy from an internal combustion engine. It is impossible to create these conditions on your own. Therefore, rotary hydraulic drilling should be entrusted to professionals.
Rotary drilling
During rotary hydraulic drilling, the soil is washed in two ways: direct and reverse.
- In direct flushing, drilling fluid is poured into the drill rods, which flows down, cools the bit and mixes with the deformed soil. Through the annulus, a chemical mixture with earth flows out of the well and flows into the slag receptacle. IN casing pipe drilling fluid is supplied by a motor pump. Its narrow cross-section contributes to the high flow rate of the drilling fluid. As a result, the soil is destroyed very quickly. However, the clay drilling fluid does not allow full disclosure aquifer. Therefore, it is best to use purified water for rinsing.
- During backflushing, water enters the well by gravity through the annulus and is pushed upward with dirt from the inside of the drill pipes. At the same time, the maximum flow rate is maintained and the aquifer is completely opened. The liquid, coming out of the face under pressure, removes large slags. It is important to seal the wellhead and provide the drill pipe with a seal.
Drilling a well with a hydraulic drill - the pitfalls that we came across, all the jambs when creating a hydraulic drill with our own hands, will be described. This was my very first drilling experience; I didn’t take any lessons from anyone, everything was own experience, which was not easy.
A little theory: everything seems to be easy using a rod, water is supplied through a pipe, which rests on the bottom of the well, we drill and wash out the water-mud emulsion.
There are two settling tanks on the surface: heavy fractions, especially harmful to the pump, sand settles and the already purified settling water flows into the second well. Then it is taken up by the pump and fed back into the rod and so on in a circle.
Hydro drill drawing
I was guided by the fact that the device should be easily repeatable and could be made by anyone who was interested in this topic.
You will need 2 corners, 75 mm wide on one side, wall thickness 8 mm and 30 cm long. And 2 corners 65 mm long, wall thickness 5 mm. A pipe with a diameter of 32 mm is also required.
The cutting part of the drill will be under a 2 cm cone. We cut it and sharpen it to a cone.
On the cutting edge we make a marking of 17 mm from each edge. It is necessary to cut so that the pipe does not reach the cutting edge by about 10 cm.
To make bigger holes for the water stream, all that remains is to cut out a little with a grinder inner part corner, at the same time we will make a chamfer on each edge and on the outside of the corner.
To prevent the drill from clinging with sharp edges, when we pull it out, the sharp edges of the corners must be cut off.
Next, we wind a millimeter rope around the pipe to ensure a millimeter gap and intercept it by welding. For more thorough welding, remove the pipe.
Now we need 20 pieces of inch metal pipe, 2 meters each. The ends must be chamfered so that threads can be cut. Except for one, because this one edge will be welded to our drill.
On the one hand, we will cut the threads to half the length of the coupling, immediately screw them on and secure them a little with welding to prevent unwinding during the drilling process.
On the other hand, we will cut the threads a little larger, approximately the entire length of the coupling, and screw on the nuts that protect the pipe from unwinding.
On the pipe that did not have a thread, we put our drill on it, set the same gap everywhere and scald it as shown in the photo.
Let's prepare the ribs for centering the drill. Corner 65 by 65 mm, two pieces of 15 cm. To avoid clinging, cut 3 cm on each side. Now we need to weld it to our drill on different sides, about 30-50 centimeters from the edge.
Complete structure
After drilling, it was decided to disassemble the structure and modify it a little. They cut off the cutting part, reduced it by almost half, leaving 3 centimeters from the water outlet holes. This was done due to the fact that the water pressure was simply not enough to penetrate this distance and effectively penetrate the water emulsion.
The operating speed of drilling increased by one and a half times, it became easier to drill and the process went faster
What else can be added to improve the drill. In addition to the fact that we cut off the front part of the drill, we recommend reducing the length of the shank itself by 5 centimeters.
If you want to drill a well efficiently and inexpensively, then we recommend professionals.
Well drilling process: video
Autonomous water supply system is the most affordable option arrangement of water supply for private houses, cottages and baths. In this case, a well or well is used as a source.
Do-it-yourself hydrodrilling of water wells allows you to quickly and with minimal financial investment set up an accessible water intake point on your personal plot.
Technical features and advantages of hydraulic drilling
Hydrodrilling a well is a process of soil destruction under the influence of a drilling rig using liquid. This is the simplest and affordable way water extraction for private households.
The maximum load on the drill is determined by the weight of the rod and drilling equipment. They provide drilling fluid into the well, which simplifies the process of drilling through the ground.
In addition, you should prepare a source of electricity - a generator set or a dedicated AC network.
The quality of drilling depends on the lifting capacity of the winch and the power of the motor pump, which can withstand a significant load. Also for work you will need casing pipes, a filter element and working tools - a pipe wrench, a transfer fork and a clamp.
Carrying out measurements and arrangement of the site
The first stage of work is calculating the level of occurrence groundwater. This is required to determine the complexity of drilling and preparation required quantity pipes
The most accessible way is to contact the appropriate service to obtain a geodetic map of the area. You should also decide on the water source that will be used for collection. flushing fluid for the drill.
The required volume of fluid for flushing during drilling is determined taking into account the composition of the soil and the size of the well; on average, it ranges from 5 to 21 cubic meters. m of water.
The next stage is preparation of the work site. Manual drilling involves removing soil from the borehole channel and constructing containers for the flushing solution - two pits, the size of which is 1 cubic meter.
One container is intended for draining liquid and removing impurities, the second is for pumping water into the drilling rig. The pits are connected to each other by a trench, which ensures free flow of liquid. Prepared pits prevent dirt from spreading across the site.
The drilling device is mounted level to avoid even a slight slope. The pump inlet hose is installed in the first pit, and the outlet hose is located towards the swivel. Through it, the flushing solution enters the well string.
For this reason, such drilling technology is quite simple and economical.
Step-by-step technology for drilling wells
Sandy soils are highly hygroscopic and therefore require a larger volume of washing liquid.
Clay soils and loams absorb water more slowly, so you can fill the pits with water before starting the main work.
Manual hydraulic drilling is a fairly understandable and accessible procedure. How to drill a well using MDR? From the prepared pit, the drilling fluid is fed using a pump and swivel into the drilling rig.
Next comes thorough sanding. interior walls well string, which helps to strengthen them. The solution also acts as a coolant for the working drill. The spent solution is discharged into a filter pit, where it is washed with water and again flows through the trench into the main pit.
Important! The type of soil determines the composition of the rinsing solution. If a change in the soil is noted during the work, then the composition of the solution must be adjusted.
Laying casing pipes
When reaching the water carrier, the well column is thoroughly washed clean water. The drill rods are then removed.
When choosing a casing pipe, it is worth considering its diameter. For small wells, a 116 mm pipe option is recommended, for deep water intake points - 125 mm (for a 125 pipe).
To provide high quality water and additional protection from contamination, it is recommended to use filters - homemade or industrial (slotted and with a sprayed layer).
Simplest homemade filter It is performed as follows: small slits are made in the pipe using a grinder in the transverse direction. Professional cleaning can be achieved by performing round holes, wrapping the pipe in fine mesh and securing it with clamps.
The technology of hydrodrilling a well of any diameter is a long and responsible process. It requires the preparation of a special drilling rig and working tools, but is accessible to self-execution.
For those who live in a private house, it is important to equip a well for water supply. For these purposes, a well is drilled. You can turn to professionals, or you can try to do the work yourself.
Hydrodrilling involves breaking up soil using drilling rigs under pressure. It is provided by the mass of the rod and auxiliary drilling equipment. These tools also flush the well using drilling fluid.
To drill a well, you will need a small-sized drilling rig. It must be purchased or rented.
The washing liquid has a fairly simple composition - water mixed with clay. The liquid flows into all the pits around the drilling site, which are designed for the free movement of water. The drilling fluid is fed into the well using a motor pump.
Flushing fluid functions:
- Drilling rig cooling;
- Grinding the walls of the well;
- Washing away dirt from the source.
The drill string slowly moves down. The length of the tool is increased by connecting auxiliary sections. After reaching the required depth, the well is flushed with water. Next, a pump is installed at the source and the well begins to operate. The length of the well depends on the aquifer. The cheapest option is drilling Abyssinian well. Artesian horizons are also distinguished.
DIY drawings for a hydraulic drill
To create a drilling rig you will need to make drawings. They include a diagram of all the parts of the hydraulic drill and their construction. The dimensions of the small-sized design are quite compact.
Hydraulic drill diagram:
- Collapsible frame;
- Mechanical winch;
- Engine;
- Swivel (used to slide all elements);
- Motor pump;
- Drill rod;
- Fluid supply hoses;
- Control block.
The drill swivel and rods must be purchased from a specialized store. The professionalism of the tool is very important, since a large load is applied to these parts. You can order parts from a specialist. It is better to choose modern CNC machines. It is also necessary to select certain types of steel.
Specialists with private businesses do not do good training. After this, sanding is necessary. It is recommended to use HCV hardening, but this will cost more.
Factory samples will help check the quality of work. It is enough to compare homemade and factory parts. This is how the thread is checked. For quality model the match must be perfect.
Types of drill for hydraulic drilling of wells
Drilling rigs may differ based on drilling technique. The impact drill works by mechanical impact using cargo. The rotating structure is more complex in structure, but the work is done many times faster.
Types of drilling rigs:
- Shock-rope. The structure of the structure consists of a frame with a pyramidal base and a cable with a projectile.
- Auger. A rotating auger penetrates the ground, drilling a hole. Feature: the well is not flushed.
- Rotors. Hydraulic technology is followed.
- Manual device rotary type. Distinctive feature lies in the absence of a motor. All work is done by hand, which is a rather labor-intensive process. That is why the popularity of such equipment is quite low.
Screw installations are almost impossible to make on your own. This requires special skills and tools. But creation homemade installation has many advantages. It is much cheaper, the equipment is compact in size. In this case it may turn out quality construction, which is easy to work with.
Do-it-yourself manual hydro-drilling of water wells
First you need to identify the aquifer. The number of casing pipes and the complexity of drilling a well depend on its depth. Land authorities will help you find out the soil characteristics. Preparatory work include determining the source of water and the supply of liquid for work.
Manual hydraulic drilling includes the following steps:
- Pouring water into the pit and mixing it with clay.
- Turning on the motor pump. The flushing fluid flows through the hoses to the drilling rig. Then the liquid flows into the first pit. There the water is filtered. The pure substance is sent to other pits.
- To reach the aquifer, additional rods are used.
- Next, you need to remove the rods and install casing pipes.
For this purpose, casing pipes with a thickness of 6 mm are used. Pipe material may vary. Plastic, steel, asbestos cement are used.
The most durable material is plastic. In addition, it is quite durable and does not rust.
Casing pipes should be equipped with filter units. Then the water will be cleaner and of higher quality. Next, you need to flush the well again.
It also provides for flushing during the passage of the floater so that the well does not collapse and is covered with sand. To do this, use CMC wallpaper glue. But if you pump the water until it is clean, you can put a mesh on the filter pipe.
How to drill a well under water using hydrodrilling (video)
It is quite possible to perform hydraulic drilling manually. It is necessary to properly prepare all the tools. The drilling technology itself is quite simple, but labor-intensive and requires certain knowledge. You can make a drill yourself, or you can purchase a factory model.
The principle of hydraulic drilling of wells, features of this process and its advantages. Scroll necessary equipment And step-by-step technology work that you can do yourself.
Features of hydrodrilling a water well
Compared to traditional similar technologies, hydrodrilling is a universal and most economical method. It combines two important processes - destruction of rock with a drill and its washing out with working fluid under pressure.
The weight of the column, consisting of drill rods, ensures that the system is immersed in the ground, and special equipment allows the flushing solution, which is a suspension of water and clay, to be pumped into the resulting cavity. The drilling fluid is pumped out with a motor pump and directed into the well.
IN general scheme The cleaning solution performs the following functions:
- Washes out small fragments of destroyed soil and brings them to the surface;
- Protects the working surface of the earth drill from overheating;
- Polishes the walls of the well, strengthens them, reducing the risk of collapse.
If the sedimentary rocks on the site consist of crushed stone or boulders, you will have to abandon hydraulic drilling of the well, since it is impossible to lift their heavy fragments out of it with water pressure.
The above method of water extraction has become popular relatively recently and therefore causes many misconceptions. For example, that hydrodrilling is only suitable for small wells. In fact, with good technical equipment In this way, you can drill them to a depth of more than 250 m, although on average for domestic wells this value is 20-35 m.
The opinion about the high cost of hydraulic drilling is also erroneous. Due to the significant speed of work, the financial costs are not as high as it might seem at first glance.
In addition, to the undeniable advantages of this method we can add:
- The compactness of the equipment, which allows drilling in a limited area small in size site;
- Minimum number of technical operations;
- High drilling speed, allowing it to be carried out at a depth of 10 m per day;
- Absolute safety for the ecological balance of the area and its landscape;
- The ability to carry out work independently and the associated minimum cost.
Selection of equipment for hydraulic drilling of a well
The optimal solution for extracting water on your site is to use a small-sized drilling rig. It is a unit with a diameter of 1 m and a height of 3 m.
Its design includes:
- Metal frame;
- Drilling tool;
- A motor used to transmit force to the drill;
- Winch;
- Swivel for fixing parts;
- Rods forming a column;
- Electronic control unit;
- Hoses supplying the washing mixture from the motor pump;
- Flap or cone drill.
For quick hydraulic drilling and high-quality flushing of the well cavity, you need to purchase a powerful motor pump. The productivity of this unit should be from 20 m 3 / hour, provide a head of 26 m and a pressure of about 2.6 atm. When purchasing, you should indicate to the seller the purpose of the motor pump - pumping contaminated liquid.
Water well drilling technology
The existing technology for hydrodrilling water wells requires consistent compliance with all stages of work. They include preparation of equipment, casing and preparation of flushing fluid. After this, you can assemble the installation and begin drilling directly.
Search for the aquifer
To be successful in searching for underground water on a site, it is necessary to determine the depth of its soil occurrence, even if these data are approximate. They can be obtained by interviewing neighbors who have wells, or from a local drilling company that has done work there.
Most often, the upper aquifer layers of the soil are located at a depth of 1.5 to 6 m. Such layers are popularly called “upper water”. Its horizon is not intended for mining drinking water, since it contains household and chemical pollution, penetrated from the soil surface.
If you need to get water with drinking properties, it can be found with a 70% probability at a depth of 15-25 m if there is a waterproof layer of loam or sandy loam on top, which protects the life-giving moisture from contamination. Aquifers located 25 m or more in depth can guarantee the production of the purest water by 90%.
In search of underground water, it is recommended to carry out exploratory drilling using a drill with a diameter of 100 mm. If a positive result was achieved at a depth of 10 m, the drill string with the first rod, which has holes and is used as a filter, is left in the well. At a greater depth of water, the well is expanded with a drill with a diameter of 200 mm and a casing pipe of 125 mm in diameter is inserted into the cavity, and then submersible pump.
Preparing for work
If the drilling site is properly prepared, the work process will be freed from many hitches, since with this method, associated with the uninterrupted supply of the flushing solution, they are undesirable.
Hydrodrilling requires a significant amount of water - approximately 15 m 3. To ensure this, you need to prepare containers or dig big hole, and then coat its walls with clay, which will prevent the stored water from going into the ground.
When the containers are filled, you can begin assembling the MDR - drilling rig. Its installation is carried out according to the attached instructions, there are no special difficulties, and the work lasts about an hour. The main condition is the horizontal installation of the unit. Otherwise, in case of misalignment, it is unlikely that it will be possible to install the casing pipe.
When the entire structure is assembled, pits should be dug one and a half or two meters from it, which serve to fill them with drilling fluid. The result should be two tray-type depressions in the ground. Then they need to be connected with an overflow trench. The dimensions of each pit are 1x1x1 m. One of them will be designed for sedimentation of particles contaminated by flushing water from the well. The water settled in it will flow through the overflow trench into another pit, and then be pumped into the drilling unit using a pump.
During the process of hydrodrilling a water well, the settling tank will periodically have to be cleared of sediment consisting of drilled soil fractions. Another pit is considered the main one. Near it you need to install a motor pump and connect its inlet to the pit with hoses, and the outlet to the installation.
This design ensures circular circulation of water during the process, which cools the drill and increases its service life. After the installation is completed, water can be pumped into pits.
Well drilling instructions
After preparing and assembling the MDU, the pits need to be filled with a washing suspension and drilling begins.
Its scheme is quite simple:
- Using a motor pump, the flushing solution is supplied through a hose to the drill string.
- Using the cavity of the rods immersed in the ground, the mixture reaches the drilling tool and helps it in destroying the rock.
- The suspension that has captured the soil is sent to the settling tank.
- When the suspensions settle, the solution flows into the adjacent pit and is again used in a circle.
The casing serves to prevent sand and pebbles from entering the wellbore during drilling. To prevent possible collapses, the casing must be lowered almost simultaneously with the penetration of the drill bit.
The material for making the casing is metal or thick plastic. Plastic pipes are quite popular because they are resistant to oxidation. However, during hydraulic drilling it is difficult to push them into the wellbore. Much easier when this method take advantage metal pipes with threads that allow alternate screwing of links.
It is convenient to make a flushing solution for drilling in a pit, mixing clay with water there. The clay particles contained in the suspension clog the pores of the soil in the well, thereby reducing the absorption of liquid by the soil. Depending on the rocks through which the drill passes, the composition of the suspension must be adjusted. For sands it is usually thick. Sandy loams, loams and clay soils can be developed using ordinary water, and if the rocks are dense, shot or any other abrasive is added to it.
If the drilling rig has to be stopped at night, then the carriage with the drill must be lifted using a winch to the top of the MDR and fixed there. The next day after starting the motor pump and running it for half an hour, turn on the drive. After this, you need to lower and slightly raise the string of drill rods using a winch. After waiting for the carriage to move slightly, you can continue hydrodrilling the well with your own hands.
Construction of a water well
Having passed through the aquifer, hydrodrilling should be continued until it penetrates the aquifer. This moment will be noticeable by a decrease in the speed of immersion of the drill. Metal rods must be removed from the well after it has been washed with water.
If a large-diameter well was drilled in order to install a submersible pump into it, then you need to worry about installing a filter. This operation is not difficult to perform. You will need to insert a series of smaller diameter pipes inside the casing and connect them. The lower pipe of the inner casing must be perforated or have longitudinal slots. It would be correct if this water filtering unit is supplemented with a thin metal mesh.
After the filter element reaches the bottom of the well, the casing pipe should be pulled out slightly from the wellbore in order to free the filter holes. The upper excess part of the pipe needs to be cut off and a head made. If there is a gap around the shaft, the wellhead must be fixed with crushed stone and cement mortar. This will help prevent meltwater from entering the source aquifer from outside.
When installing, the submersible pump should not come into contact with the bottom of the well - this is a mandatory condition. The water level above it must be at least 3 m. After installing the pump, the well can be used.
After completing all the work described above, it is necessary to disassemble the structure of the drilling rig. If the well is narrow, the drilling string will act as a casing with a filter. There is no need to remove it from the shaft, since water intake will be carried out using the channels through which the drilling suspension passed.
Watch a video about hydraulic drilling of a well:
This technology for hydrodrilling wells is quite accessible to self-use. To reduce cash costs when drilling your own well, you can not buy a drilling machine, but simply rent it. Subject to the sequence of work stages and availability quality equipment you can get excellent results that will allow for a long time use underground water High Quality.
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