There is no need to convince anyone that running water in the country is necessary. This is so obvious. And therefore, we will immediately dwell in more detail on how to make plumbing in the country with our own hands, taking into account its operation at different times of the year.
First of all, you need to choose a source of water. The cheapest and easiest way to provide a dacha with fresh water is to build a well. It may have different depths. It all depends on the depth of groundwater. Basically, it does not exceed fifteen meters, and therefore the construction of a well is cost-effective. However, such a structure provides small volumes of water (up to 200 liters per hour), in addition, various impurities (nitrates, heavy metals, bacteria) are found in it.
Wells and wells: what you need to know
Well device diagram
A more acceptable option is the construction of a sand well, the depth of which, depending on the aquifer, can be from 15 to 30 meters.
Such a structure can produce about 1.5 cubic meters of water per hour, which is enough for a small house.
What is better a well or a well?
The drilling of a sand well is carried out by the auger method - the rock is extracted to the surface. This usually takes 3 to 5 days. However, the sandy aquifer contains a lot of clay and sand, and therefore, in this case, filtration equipment will be needed.
A water column is especially needed for use in settlements where there is a shortage of water coming from a centralized water supply.
It is impossible to say that the device works perfectly, but it performs its functions perfectly, at least in the warm season.
The design of the water column is simple. It is installed in a well or on the ground and consists of:
- valve;
- ejector;
- pipes for lifting water;
- columns;
- lever mounted to the column (these two elements are on the surface).
Disadvantages of water columns
Despite the obvious need for use with poor water supply, this equipment also has disadvantages:
- there must be a sufficiently high pressure in the water supply network, otherwise the performance of the column is noticeably reduced, in particular, when drawing water from a centralized network;
- freezing of water in winter, especially at low pressure;
- often ground and rain water enters the device if the corresponding valve, designed to limit the ingress of third-party liquid, is damaged or shifted (in some cases, water users who arrange it do not even know about it, but household water already comes with impurities).
The main functions assigned to the column: the intake and supply of water. Therefore, it is better to choose high-quality equipment for installing a column, in addition, this will increase the chances of keeping the gasket intact for collecting exclusively purified water from the water supply.
Water folding columns are used not only in settlements, but also on construction sites, in suburban industrial institutions.
Basic requirements for a water column
In order for the installation of the water column to be correct and the device to work for a long time, the following requirements must be met:
- installation is best done near an intersection or near a sidewalk (however, it all depends on. If installation takes place in a well, the place is determined, if not, it is recommended to do it as close to the sidewalk as possible);
- installation of a water column must be carried out on the basis that the service radius of the device should not be more than a thousand meters;
- so that there are no problems with the drainage of wastewater, it is better to install it on a hill (but not at a considerable height). The main thing is to maintain natural drainage;
- on a dead-end line, it is not recommended to carry out installation if it is carried out in the ground.
In general, water-folding columns are used at wide temperature ranges: from -40 degrees to +40 degrees.
Do-it-yourself installation of a water column
The installation of the column must be carried out in the following sequence, as stated:
- we connect a threaded pipe and a flange (you can take both welded and flat);
- a column is taken into which a threaded pipe is carefully screwed;
- we make sure that the flange does not exceed the size of the thinnest pipe that connects to it;
- we install concrete pillows, which will be the basis for the water column. It is enough that their size slightly exceeds the dimensions of the future installation. It is recommended to take care of providing the installation with concrete pillows in advance;
- we install a sewer hatch, while ensuring a high level of stability and quick access to the device;
- we wash the column with a specially prepared bleach solution (do not forget to take into account the proportions indicated on the package).
We considered the option of installing a water column in a well. The device can be equipped with additional functional elements that allow you to expand the possibilities of controlling and measuring indicators.
Also, in order to protect against freezing, the column in the winter can be insulated with any heat-insulating materials, covering the walls of the well with them.
This will be more reliable and stable. In the case of installation in the ground, this is not recommended, since it will not be possible to disassemble the heating material in the summer.
Installation is best done at a depth of at least 75 centimeters and no more than 4 meters. What determines the installation depth?
From where the pipes are installed. The greater the installation depth, the greater the chance that the device will not freeze in the winter.
The length of the pipe connecting the upper and underground parts can be different - it depends on the location of the device and, accordingly, the depth of the pipes.
This will allow the installation to be tightly fixed, not washed out with melt and rain water.
The schemes for mounting a column in a well and in the ground are almost identical, but in the case of installation in a well, it is necessary to create two concrete pads, while one is suitable for a ground column.
It is far from always possible to dig a well in a summer cottage, and in order to solve the problem with water supply, a well is built, dug in the country with their own hands or with the involvement of specialists.
If water supply pipes from the nearest water station are not connected to your land allotment, and there is no spring with drinking water nearby, the lack of life-giving moisture will begin to be felt very soon. First of all, water is needed for one's own needs, watering can also be organized from the nearest reservoir by installing a pump there or a simple chigir wheel on the river. But you are unlikely to drink from a pond or lake, even without forgetting about boiling. Therefore, the idea immediately arises to dig a well at their summer cottage. But this is a very labor intensive task.
Much more advantageous in terms of labor costs is the device in the country house of the Abyssinian well, which, despite the name, is a punched well. Yes, it is punched, and not drilled, because in order to obtain this source of drinking water, the casing pipe is immediately supplied with a sharp tip and a filter in the lower part, after which the arrow is driven into the ground. Casing sections are built up as each previous one almost completely deepens into the ground. The maximum depth of such a well is up to 25–30 meters, and on average about 12–15.
The device in the country of the Abyssinian well
If the groundwater is deep, you can still get to it yourself if you find the equipment to make a sand well in the country. To do this, you need a hand drill, which may be enough if you first dig a well and properly equip the well already at the bottom of the pit. However, the sandy aquifer, which usually lies above the water-resistant layer of clay, can be located at a depth of more than 30 meters, sometimes up to 50. Here you can not do without a mobile drilling machine that can be rented, or without a more primitive tripod design with a winch and a winch to rotate the drill. We will talk about it in more detail later.
The third option is an artesian well, which is drilled to the lower aquifers, which lie at a depth of up to 200 meters, on top of a limestone base. It can no longer be done with your own hands, since the sections of the drill that go hundreds of meters into the ground simply cannot be rotated with the help of a winch or even an engine available to you. Here, professional equipment and specialists serving it are already needed. Consider also identifying the location of the accumulation of groundwater, the so-called lens. If the pipes of the Abyssinian well are inexpensive, and if they miss, they can be left in the ground, then the casing of a sand well will cost a lot. What can we say about an artesian well. Therefore, preliminary exploration is necessary.
First of all, you should find out from the nearest neighbors in the country, who already have a well, to what depth they drilled the earth. Next, you compare the height difference between their site and yours, after which an idea of the depth of groundwater will already appear. Next, find out what kind of soil you have in the area below the fertile layer. If it is heavy clay, and even with stones, then it is likely that it will be very difficult to break through such a formation, with the risk of damaging the casing boom. If sandy, then most likely you can get to the aquifer quickly.
To make a filter tip, you will need a strong metal cone with the sharpest possible apex angle. The base of the cone should slightly exceed the diameter of the pipe to be welded, which is rarely more than 2.68 centimeters with an internal channel of 20 millimeters. This is necessary so that the rod relatively easily passes into the punched well. Further, in the walls of the pipe on a segment of 30 centimeters with a small indent from the cone, we drill holes in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between them in each row should be about 3 centimeters, the diameter is up to 8 millimeters, preferably within 6. Such rows will be approximately 5-6.
Tip with filter for hole punching
The perforated area must be wrapped with a fine-mesh galvanized mesh. For better filtration, it is possible to make coils of thin wire at small intervals from above in one layer, which is soldered with tin without admixture of lead, so as not to poison the water. We fix the mesh from above and below by welding strips of metal 2–3 centimeters wide around the pipe, which we connect with narrow (1 centimeter) vertical segments every 20 millimeters. It turns out a lattice that protects the mesh when the rod passes through the ground. The length of the pipe should be within 2 meters, so that it is more convenient to score with a wooden “headstock” (a heavy deck suspended on a block that is mounted on a high tripod or on the ceiling if the well beats in the basement).
Sections of pipes of the same diameter, with threads cut at the ends, are connected using cast-iron or steel couplings that are screwed on using seals so that they do not let water through as they go deep into the ground. When the bar begins to move especially easily, it means that you have reached a loose layer saturated with water. Check, pour water into the pipe, and if it leaves quickly, try on the contrary to connect a hand pump (it is possible through a filter) and pump. Liquid mud has gone - good, it means there really is a lot of water, continue to pump out, at the bottom at this time a cavity is formed, or, in other words, a cavity in which moisture accumulates. If the water does not go, you need to gradually go deeper, pouring water into the pipe every 15–20 centimeters and trying to connect the pump. At the end, a column is installed to pump out water with your own hands.
If you know that the depth of the aquifer is about 30 meters and below, you need to leave thoughts about the Abyssinian well. Here, the equipment of a sand well will be much more efficient, which can also be done in the country with your own hands. It is called so because it ends in a sandy aquifer, from where water is pumped out through a special filter.
To get to groundwater, you need a column of long rods, at the end of which a drill head is installed. The tips are different: "spoon", "serpentine", "chisel". The first option consists of two grooves, separated by a certain distance and closing at the bottom. The serpentine resembles a screw or two woven spirals. rather like a mason's chisel. The device at the dacha of a sandy well is more complicated than the Abyssinian well, since in the process of drilling it is necessary to constantly lower the casing pipe down, which, however, in the dacha can be done with your own hands.
For work, the above-mentioned tripod with a winch is used, to which a column with a collar, suspended on a freely rotating ring or hook, clings. The head should be at least 5 millimeters smaller than the casing channel in diameter, usually it is selected based on the size of the downhole pump. The height of the tripod is determined by the length of one section of the column, which can be from 1.5 to 4 meters. A mobile drilling machine can be used if it is not possible to assemble a tripod, the device consists of a frame-stand and a guide along which a block of a motor rotating a column and a load slowly lowers.
Tripod with winch
The drill head must be removed every 60 centimeters for cleaning from the soil, for this you can put the appropriate marks directly on the rods.
Approximately when passing the same section in crumbling rock, it is recommended to start deepening the casing pipe, the lowest section of which is equipped with a shoe, through which the filter will subsequently be lowered into the well, and then -. The pipe is always wider than the drill head that moves inside, so it must be lowered correctly, by rotation or by hammering with a steel or wooden headstock weighing about 30 kilograms (the method depends on the smooth or jagged edge of the shoe).
As for the tips of the drill head, they need to be changed sometimes, depending on what kind of soil you are passing at the moment. For loose, loose rocks, a "spoon" is best suited. If hard ground with stones has gone, change the nozzle to the “serpentine”. And, finally, in the hardest rocks, it is best to use the impact method of passage, using a “chisel” as the tip of the drill head, the tip of which can be either sharp or cross-shaped. When the work is completed, a manhole is installed in the country house, a pump is lowered down, water pipes are connected to it. Now you can think about how to ennoble or hide a well in the country with your own hands, for example, with a hollow imitation of a stone or stump.
How to make a tripod for drilling?
To properly make the simplest device for hanging a drill column with your own hands, it is enough to take 3 beams or logs that are connected at the top, forming a pyramid with a triangular base. Also, metal pipes can be used as supports. A winch is suspended in the center of the connection. Through an adapter in the form of a freely rotating spindle with a ring or clamp, a drill column is connected, in the upper part of which a collar is fixed.
Thus, at least 2 people are needed to service this device, but 3 are better, then two will rotate the drill, and the third will control the winch. To make it easier to work, we first dig a well or a pit up to 2 meters deep. A flooring is laid on its bottom, the walls are sheathed with boards that prevent shedding. Leave the center of the hole free for drilling. The second flooring is laid on top, the tripod is installed with a support outside the pit or well.
As the drill sinks, the column is built up with new rods, the uppermost of which is attached to the collar. To make the passage of hard rocks easier, you can add water to the well, but then it will be more difficult to understand when wet soil will go, signaling that an aquifer has begun. At the end of the work, you can think about how to close the well with a lid with your own hands. It is better to use a viewing hatch.
Each dacha or household plot has a source of water supply - a column or a well. Of course, having a well is better than a tap from the mains water supply for many reasons. Water from a well is naturally cleaner and healthier for humans and for watering plants. At low temperatures in winter, the water does not freeze, as the thermal heat prevents it from turning into ice. But not every summer resident has the opportunity to have a well or a well on his site. Basically, summer residents use taps from the public water supply network. Of course, there are no complaints in the summer, except that they can turn off the water due to some kind of breakdown or accident at the water utility. But in winter, the column is in trouble. All summer residents who have a bathhouse in their summer cottage always come in winter to take a steam bath and wash.
But for those owners who have columns, the water often freezes in the riser and a whole range of problems is immediately formed. How to be, than to defrost and other whirlwind. And so the problem is very serious and requires its solution. It is necessary to look into the very essence of the problem - why does water freeze, and how to prevent it? Water freezes in the riser from low temperatures, often any kind of column insulation does not save, since we have strong frosts. But the author found a simple and ingenious solution to this problem. At the bottom of the pipe, when buried in the ground, he installed a tee and a Mayevsky crane. And this is how it works, the drain valve located below the ground level will not freeze, since the thermal heat of the earth is stipulated above will not allow the pipe to freeze, and from the upper part of the pipe the water will merge into the drainage through the Mayevsky crane and the riser will remain dry to its underground part, which is prevent freezing of the riser. And so now we will consider how the author did all this and what he needed for this.
Materials: Mayevsky crane, tee, adapter, fum tape.
Tools: set of keys, gas wrench, screwdriver, pliers.
Next, install the adapter.
Then he fastens the Mayevsky crane.
That's essentially all - the author coped with his task perfectly, now his column will not freeze even in the most severe frosts and our inventor can come in winter and draw water into the bathhouse and then after heating it will take a good steam))). Also, the author's column is insulated, but this, as already mentioned, does not really save.
Hello dear friends. Summer time is in full swing, and we do not stop in our desire to make our summer cottage even better. This time it's time to tackle the manual water pump, or column that stopped working this year.
Not far from summer cottages, the Chirchik River flows. From the groundwater of this river, we get water with the help of a pumping station. But over time, the water level in the river gradually drops. The reason for this is the fields to which water is directed from the river. Therefore, a pipe driven in to a depth of 3 m no longer reaches groundwater.
First, we decided to reconstruct the old manual column. But, unfortunately, time did not spare the frame of all equipment, and it is easier to build a new one by driving a pipe to a depth of 5 m. Such a depth is ideal for our region and will last a long time.
The new water tower was built within 4 days off. At the first stages of the construction, there was no camera with you, and interesting shots will remain in the memory of our consciousness. But in order for you to perceive the picture as a whole, I will supplement certain stages of construction with the resulting frames.
In the first week, it was necessary to choose a place for the construction of the mine and determine the size and depth of the pit. Digging a 5-meter hole is difficult, so we decided to dig a hole to a depth of 3 m, and then drive the pipe to a depth of another 2 m. It will be easier to implement technically, but it is necessary to weld the pipe with high quality.
The first meter of the shaft was dug out in 2 hours of non-stop work. The feeling of omnipotence filled us with positive, and there was a feeling that the work would be completed in 1 day. But this was not destined to come true. At a depth of 1.5 m, stony soil begins. Shovels no longer help. Have to work with your hands. It took 2 days to dig a shaft 3 m deep. To keep the shaft from collapsing, it had to be sheathed with stainless steel. Thanks to grandfather's frugality, we ended up with huge sheets of steel that went to this facility. Basically, power and welding work was carried out at this stage. It was necessary to tightly place the metal and weld the correct cylindrical shape. This weekend ended, as did the work.
By next week, we have prepared meter pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. A staff welder perfectly welded a 5 m long structure.
To drive a pipe into the ground, a metal stake must be installed on the tip. To this, it was necessary to make holes through which the water would rise up. In order not to pump sand or other debris, fill the hole area with salt. This is an amazing water filter. 
Hammering a 5-meter pipe is a fantastic activity. Taking into account the fact that the mine was 3 m deep, the pipe was raised to a height of 2 m above ground level. In order to hit the pipe with a hammer, they made scaffolding from which they made percussion swings. To say that I was afraid for my health and the health of my family is an understatement. The pipe does not stand still, and it was necessary to hold it when hitting with a hammer. Hammer weight 15 kg. Given the scope, the impact force is so huge that the wrong scope can be fatal. Nerves were ringing at the limit. But still we kept our cool and solved this problem. With great difficulty, we managed to drive the pipe to a depth of 2 m, after which we abandoned work for that day.
The next day, it remained to paint the pipe and weld it to the pitching. It turned out to be a pleasant pastime after a busy day.
The hand pump was taken from an old water system. 
After all commissioning operations, we began to pump water. Luckily, the pump worked, but the water was dirty. This is a common thing during the first launches of such installations. Within a couple of hours, the water cleared, and it could be used in everyday life.
We also connected an electric water pump to test the thrust from a depth of 5 meters.
It is clear that our happiness knew no bounds. We are proud of ourselves and our capabilities. We achieved what we planned. This is the best state of the human mind!
Water is needed in the garden. Complaining that we don't always have water is wrong. Many don't have it at all. But in order to have a wonderful vacation, you can’t go anywhere without it. Tell us what difficulties you face in the “extraction” of water and what automated solutions you have chosen for yourself.
Thank you for your attention. See you soon!
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