How to make a vacuum pump. How to make a vacuum pump with your own hands: a master class Do-it-yourself rotary-type vacuum pump

Anyone knows what a pump is and has used it at least once. But the vacuum design is a completely different matter. Many people believe that such a device is used exclusively for production purposes, and it is not suitable for personal use. But they are wrong. The device is great for home use, but its price is high. Therefore, many are thinking about how to make a vacuum pump with their own hands.

What is a vacuum pump used for?

Before starting work on creating a vacuum cleaner, it is necessary to think and understand for what purposes such a unit will be used, since a lot of effort, energy, money and time will be spent in the process. Also, some people are interested in how the vacuum cleaner works.

As a rule, everyone knows what a vacuum chamber is. It looks like a plastic bag with a valve. Food is well stored in this container, they do not dry out and bacteria do not multiply inside. Vacuuming is the correct storage of food. The simplest vacuum packaging can be made by squeezing air out of it.

But a more professional method is to use a pump for similar purposes. The device will allow you to pump out air from any bag, but it is necessary to ensure tightness. In this way, clothes can be stored. In a vacuum, it becomes much smaller, and this is especially important if you need to fit a large number of things in a suitcase.

It's no secret that wood craftsmen, in order to make products more beautiful, process them with oil. To enhance this process, it is necessary to put the oil in a vacuum package. Thus, the wood will squeeze air out of itself, and the oil will draw in.

Varieties of homemade designs

There are many types of pumps. It depends on their intended purpose. The simplest vacuum sealer can rightfully be considered a medical syringe. But its disadvantage is that a vacuum can be created in small volumes. And even if there is no medical syringe at home, you can easily buy it at a pharmacy, you just need to pay attention to the size.

But in order to be able to pack large volumes, a car pump is well suited. It just needs to be reworked to the required parameters. Moreover, it will not be difficult to make a vacuum pump from a car compressor with your own hands.

You can also construct a vacuum pump from a compressor from a refrigerator, or remake fixtures from an aquarium.

Using a car pump

A homemade vacuum pump can be made from different starting materials. The most popular options are car and bicycle hand pumps.

And you can make it with the following steps:

Thus, it is possible to assemble an apparatus that creates a slight vacuum in containers with a small volume. But in addition to the vacuum pump, you also need to mount a valve.

Vacuum valve installation

In order to make a vacuum cleaner with your own hands, in any case, you will need a check valve. It can be easily found in a store that sells animals. Such a part is installed in the compressor from the aquarium. Alternatively, you can ask friends who have fish, perhaps they have such broken compressors. Therefore, the check valve will not be a pity, since it is already broken. It is ideal as a spare part for a vacuum cleaner.

Such a valve must be fixed in place of the opening of the future apparatus. A tube is attached to the valve, which will enter the container. It must also be placed on the correct side so that it draws air in towards you, and not lets it out. In order to check in which direction the valve works, it must be blown into it before installation. If the air does not pass, then this part must be attached to the base of the structure. In the event that the valve is of high quality and reliably sealed, then such an apparatus can create a pressure of 190 Mbar.

Compressor manufacturing

A small pump cannot perform all the functions that a modern housewife needs. For a more powerful device, you need to use additional devices. An electric motor is ideal for this. You can use an ordinary compressor or pump. Moreover, such work is absolutely not laborious.

You just need to mount the tube into the motor hole, but before that, remove the filter. After connecting the tube, the device is ready for use.

Sometimes foods that need to be vacuumed contain a lot of moisture. In order to avoid damage, you need to install an additional dryer, which consists of a receiver and a sump.

Vacuum pump from refrigerator motor

A household compressor is not always found on the farm, so you should look for alternative options. Refrigerators, especially low-quality ones, can sometimes break down. Here you can make a vacuum cleaner from a motor from an old refrigerator. You can also use air conditioners.

Such a design is created according to the following algorithm:

First you need to cut off the refrigerator tubes connecting the compressor, evaporator and condenser. At this stage, you need to pay attention to how the compressor is connected to the network and the relay, since incorrect alteration and installation will not only lead to incorrect operation, but the design may also fail.
After that, it remains only to connect the hose and you can use it.

Although such a device will not have the power of factory analogues, it can perform all the basic functions that are needed in the kitchen very well.

Nevertheless, for all options for a home-made vacuum design, the following breakdowns can occur:

Breakdown of the electric motor or its unqualified connection to the network.
Inconsistency between the drive and the refrigerator motor shaft.
Jamming of the working element.
A scum is created.
Overheating of the vacuum cleaner and its parts.

With such a device, you can easily pump out air from a jar or bottle.

Repair at home

All people who were interested in how to create a vacuum at home, and those who have already made their first device, also need to know how to fix it, since it can often break down. In principle, any mechanism or motor can break down or start to work poorly:

Incorrect connection of the motor or its breakdown. This mainly happens when the correct motor circuit is connected incorrectly. First, the integrity of the wiring is checked, whether it is well insulated. A test indicator will help with this. If it lights up when connected, then the wiring is intact, and this is not the reason. Otherwise, the motor is broken and must be returned for repair.
Drive and shaft mismatch. Such difficulties in work, as a rule, are solved by installing a gasket under the engine or discharge element. When this does not give the desired result, you need to look for a problem in the clutch. She could move. If the situation is confirmed, the part must be replaced.
Motor jamming. As a rule, this problem is very common. It happens because of pumping dirty water. In this case, the motor must be disassembled and cleaned.
Bearing failure. The motor starts to hum and vibrate strongly. The reason for this is a broken bearing that needs to be replaced.
Scale in the motor. The problem often arises on liquid ring pumps, since they operate in a water environment. Repair is accompanied by cleaning with special solutions.
Overheating of the structure, as well as wear of certain parts. Devices break due to lack of lubrication. Even materials such as Teflon cannot compensate for the necessary lubrication. To avoid such breakdowns, you must observe the correct temperature regime. And when the motor overheats, the burnt parts will have to be replaced.
Leakage of the working environment. If the design has reduced performance, the pressure of the service fluid is checked. The reason for this could be its leakage. In this case, it is necessary to replace the seal in the hole.

If, after checking the seal, it turned out that it is in a satisfactory condition, the matter may be in the flange connections: the gaskets need to be replaced there.

Fluid may leak due to severe wear of parts. This usually happens with older pumps. It is necessary to check whether all the parts are outdated, since in certain cases the motor can no longer be repaired.

The device may fail due to high pressure or overheating. If it is set up correctly, then with the right temperature conditions, the structure will work for a long time.

User manual

For example, you can take the use of a pump for pumping water from an aquarium. But basically the operating procedure will be the same.

To get started, prepare:

pump core;
nozzle;
union;
tee.

First, the nozzle must be inserted into the hole of the tee. It can be made from suitable pipes. After that, the fitting is inserted onto the tap, which is equipped with a thread, and then you need to pull the hose onto it. Its length should not exceed more than 10 centimeters - to create good pressure.

Then the hose is connected to the outlet of the tee, and an aquarium siphon is connected at the end of the hose. It is not difficult to make such a design yourself. The main thing is to monitor its condition and the progress of work, and if necessary, repair it in time, replacing worn-out parts.

Until recently, few people thought about what a vacuum pump is and what it is for. But this is an indispensable thing both in everyday life and in industrial production, small-scale production of various products, for packaging and for solving many technological problems. As a rule, these devices are made only in production conditions, but if you have certain skills and components, you can do it yourself.

What is a vacuum pump

A vacuum pump is, in principle, a fairly simple design. The principle of its operation is from a given volume. For pumping, of course, you will need a device that can be an analogue of a pump or a conventional pump itself. But first, it is worth considering the scope of the device in everyday life.

Powerful models of industrial vacuum pumps are used in technological processes of the chemical industry, for pumping large volumes of non-aggressive gases and liquids. Also, a vacuum pump is indispensable when molding plastic and polyurethane products. For this, vacuum containers with a pump of different sizes and different capacities are used.

What are vacuum pumps used for?

To understand why a vacuum pump is needed in everyday life, and not to build an exclusively hypothetically useful device, let's look at a few examples:

The principle of operation and the simplest vacuum pump

The simplest vacuum pump is a medical syringe and a check valve from an aquarium compressor. There is no need to explain the principle of operation of the device - for several cycles of suction with a syringe, you can pump out air from a small volume, no more than a small package the size of a matchbox.

To work with more serious volumes, it is necessary to use either more efficient pumps with some alterations, or a compressor. The power of the compressor depends on the needs for the use of a vacuum cleaner, and the compressor can be either a miniature one, from an aquarium, or a more powerful one - for pumping car tires, painting work. But the essence of the alterations does not change from this.

For example, to use a compressor from an aquarium with a minimum capacity as a vacuum pump, it is enough to modify the assembly in which the valves are located and install a tube to drain condensate and trapped moisture.

To do this, it is necessary to swap the valves, then the membrane pump will not pump air, but pump it out of a certain volume. The designs of diaphragm pumps are different, but the principle of modernization is the same. An example of converting a small aquarium pump into a vacuum one is shown in the photo.

For more serious tasks, you need to use a more powerful compressor. For example, you can use an appliance from an old refrigerator. As a rule, with the help of such an oil-type compressor, a pressure of about 5 atm can be achieved, which is quite enough for domestic needs. The assembly scheme of the device is quite simple.

Oil and oil-free high performance compressors

The oil compressor is connected to a receiver, which can be any small gas cylinder or similar vessel. The pump has three outlets:

Then everything is simple - ordinary engine oil is poured into the compressor through the appropriate tube, a dust filter is connected to the air intake tube, and a receiver is connected to the air supply tube through a splitter. Now the device can be used both as a compressor with a receiver and as a vacuum pump with a fairly high performance. For use as a compressor, it is enough to connect the air supply hose to the splitter from the receiver. If the device is needed as a vacuum pump, then the hose is connected to the air intake pipe.

These are far from all the ways and options for converting compressors into vacuum pumps. In the case of an oil-free compressor, there is no need to install an oil separator, but a filter on the air inlet must be installed without fail. Experiment, and to solve any problem, you can assemble a vacuum pump from improvised means.

In industry, vacuum devices are needed to remove large volumes of air and gas. However, this method has found application in everyday life, although not so long ago. Such devices help store food and things, marinate meat, pump out gas, as well as liquid. They can be easily purchased in stores, but they are not cheap. There is an alternative option - to make a vacuum pump with your own hands.

In industry, vacuum devices are needed to remove large volumes of air and gas.

Types and scope

Vacuuming in everyday life is used to remove excess air from polyethylene packages intended for storing clothes or food. When air is taken in, the volume of the container decreases, polyethylene fits snugly to the product. Using this method helps to store food for a long time, it does not deteriorate even without freezing.

Things and household products (plaids, blankets, pillows) are significantly compacted in the package, as a result of which they take up much less space. It should be noted that clothing during such storage is reliably protected from moths.
Thanks to vacuum units, it is possible to process wooden products or building materials with a laminating film. Vacuum pumps are used to remove gas or steam in everyday life. This is necessary in order to restore the tightness of the devices. In addition, the devices have found application in split systems.
The main types of vacuum devices:
Water ring - their work is carried out by immersing a device in a liquid, which, during rotation, pumps out air from the center of the bladed mechanism.
Rotary vane units - often produced in two chambers, they operate by forcing gas from the first chamber into the second, ensuring the operation of the rotor.
Membrane-piston devices - in them the vacuum is created by a piston system. The compressed gas exits the chamber with the help of a valve, reducing the pressure and supplying new portions. Such devices are considered one of the most versatile and silent.

The simplest devices
If the device is needed urgently, you can quickly make the simplest vacuum pump with your own hands. This will require two plastic bottles of different diameters, which can easily fit into each other. One of them will act as a piston, so you should select containers that are close in diameter, otherwise a large sealing layer will need to be made on the smaller one. In addition, you will need a hose from a bicycle pump.

If the device is needed urgently, you can quickly make the simplest vacuum pump with your own hands.
First you need to cut off the neck of a larger container. Then, make a hole in the bottom of the smaller bottle and insert the bottles into each other (it should be noted that seals may be needed on the inside, which can be made using adhesive tape). Then screw the hose into a large container, always in the opposite direction. The device will pump out air when moving the piston from a smaller container.
Cuff pump upgrade
You can make a vacuum pump for pumping air with your own hands from any cuff device. For these purposes, even devices for bicycles are suitable. Of course, it is better to take a car pump, because with its improvement there will be much less hassle.
Step by step instructions for making:
Spin the car device.
Remove cuff and turn it upside down.
Assemble the device in reverse order. The difference is that the cuffs are reversed.
At the inlet to the pump, where the hose is located, with which air is pumped out, screw on the check valve. The latter must function by passing the air flow from the vessel to the device. There should be no movement of the air mass in the opposite direction. The check valve can be purchased separately or taken from the aquarium compressor. Just before installation, you need to blow into it. Screw one of the sides that will not let air through to the pump, and the other to the tube. It should be noted that the device is quite enough to meet the needs of everyday life, but it is not suitable for creating a deep vacuum due to its low power.

Vacuum tool from compressor
A more powerful device can be obtained from the compressor, which is present in air conditioners or refrigerators. Step-by-step master class on self-assembly of the unit:
Remove the compressor from the evaporator and condenser. To do this, you need to cut the copper tubes with which the devices are connected.
Connect the compressor correctly to the power supply.
Attach a fine air filter at the inlet to the device (you can buy it at any auto shop).
Attach a flexible hose of the desired diameter to the outlet of the device.
Connect the compressor to the network.

With the help of such a unit, it is impossible to pump out air masses that contain a lot of water vapor. This may cause damage to the device. In this case, it is necessary to make a receiver and a sump. Such parts will work together as a dehumidifier.
A vacuum pump can be made independently from an aquarium compressor. To do this, you need to disassemble it and remove the check valves. When the valves are reversed, the compressor will begin to pump out air instead of pumping. The procedure is similar to the manufacture of the device from an autopump.
Using a medical syringe
Such a device will certainly come in handy on the farm if you need to pump out liquid or gas in small volumes. The following parts are required for operation:
plastic tee;
flexible plastic pipe, its diameter must be identical to the holes of the tee and syringe;
2 check valves for aquarium;
syringe, the volume of which depends on the power of the device (the larger the syringe, the greater the power).

The plastic pipe is cut into pieces 10 cm in size, and then attached to the tee. The tubes should fit snugly against the nose of the tee. This is necessary so that they do not jump off under pressure during operation of the device.
The syringe nose is then attached to the central tube. The whole structure is presented in the form of a tee, on the sides of which two pieces of hose are fixed, as well as a syringe located at a right angle with respect to the retracted ends.

The next step is to install the valves. Often they are marked with a pointing arrow. One of them should be placed so that the arrow points from the tee, and the second - with an arrow on it. In general, the system will be similar to an entry-exit sign.
The hand device is ready. It can be used to pump water from one container to another by placing one valve in the liquid and the other in the pumping container. The arrows act as guides. You need to immerse the valve in the water, the pointer of which points to the tee. The system will work when the movement of the piston, which is located on the syringe, begins.
It is quite difficult to make it yourself in the absence of a lathe, welding machine and without special skills. For manufacturing, a cylindrical body is required. It should accommodate a shaft equipped with a paddle wheel. During the water supply, the wheel rotates and under the action of centrifugal forces a vacuum will certainly be created in the device.
The mechanism is powered by an electric motor. The impeller should not be installed directly in the center. This is necessary so that the gaseous mass is injected and pushed through the system. The disadvantage of such a device is that the liquid, thanks to which the device works, is constantly heated and needs to be replaced.
The device must be equipped with inlets. With their help, the liquid will flow inside. In addition, there must be outlets through which gas can escape. Similar mechanisms are used in large enterprises, as well as in agricultural work to remove gas mixed with sand or dust. For continuous operation, it is necessary to provide a gas outlet, a constant supply of fluid and a motor cooling system.

The mechanism is powered by an electric motor. The impeller should not be installed directly in the center.
Car pump conversion
You can make a vacuum pump with your own hands using a similar automotive device. . The step by step process is as follows:
first you need to remove the stem with the cuff from the open cover located on the sleeve;
after unscrewing the screws, remove the cuff;
turn the latter in the opposite direction and install it and the stem in place.

As a result of the manipulations, a suction tube will be obtained, to which a check valve must be connected. During installation, make sure that air enters the sleeve. To check this, you need to blow into the valve. A tube should be attached to the second end of the valve, which should be made of dense materials that are not susceptible to atmospheric influence.
Such a device creates a vacuum in food containers or clothing storage cases. Breakdowns that occur can be easily repaired with your own hands. To do this, it is enough to study the materials on the device of the original unit. After reviewing the design, you can repair the device yourself, without the help of expensive craftsmen.
To make a vacuum pump with your own hands, you need desire and source material. The scope and complexity of manufacturing the device depends on the type of primary device. Significant cost savings can be considered a big advantage of self-manufacturing devices.

Vacuum-type pumping equipment has found application in industry and domestic conditions. The design is widely used for pumping gaseous, vaporous substances. There are enough finished products on the market, but the price is excessively high. It is enough to have ingenuity and some improvised means to assemble the pump with your own hands.

The principle of operation of the vacuum pump

Before assembling the structure, it is necessary to disassemble what parts it consists of and how it works. The principle of operation is not much different from the operation of conventional pumping equipment, when the valves are turned on the reverse side, a vacuum device is obtained. The performance of the pump is achieved by sealing the system, otherwise, the power drops.

You should also monitor the condition of the intake tract, because. when pumping out, debris can enter, which clogs the installation channels.

There are basic principles of operation of a vacuum pump:

The driving element, consisting of a piston, a membrane, or a rotor, creates a vacuum in the cylinder by suction mode. At this moment, the exhaust valve is in the closed state, the intake valve is maximally open.
During the reverse stroke, the intake valve goes to the closed state, while the pressure remains low in the intake chamber. Gas is vented through the outlet opening, the fullness of the cylinder comes to a minimum state.

The operation of the device is impossible without the use of an electric motor, the installation of the axis of the blades is not in the center, to implement the pushing of gas into the openings of the system. The main disadvantage is overheating of the water, which needs to be changed over time. The craft is supplied with inlets and outlets for liquids and gases.

The operation of the mechanism takes place in large industries and rural areas, where a high content of soot and dust is observed in the exhaust gas.

Long-term actions occur with the system of gas removal, cooling of the electric motor, constant supply of liquid.

The simplest vacuum pump

Manual evacuation of air may be needed at any time under domestic conditions. This function is able to withstand a vacuum pump made by hand from plastic bottles. For manufacturing you will need:

a hose, of small diameter, great for this purpose bicycle;
plastic bottles of different diameters;
drill or other hand tool for cutting holes.

The selection of bottles must be made of the same shape, one of them is slightly smaller in diameter, acts as a type of piston. The vacuum pump for air extraction is assembled as follows:

cut off the top of a large bottle;
in the center of a bottle of smaller diameter, in the lower part, a hole is cut through;
after fitting, an o-ring is made of their adhesive tape or electrical tape.

A hose is connected to the cover, the pump is tested. When the small bottle moves, a vacuum is created that is sufficient for domestic needs.

Vacuum blower from a bicycle pump

The design of a bicycle blower is no different from a car pump. It is important to note that it is necessary to install an additional mechanism, otherwise the product will work out only one cycle. If a special check valve is not available, a spool will do, but a pressure-tight connection must be made. The vacuum pump for evacuating air acts on a vacuum, so the valve or spool must be installed in the opposite direction.

The process takes place manually, after alteration it is necessary to pull the handle with force towards yourself, which in some situations is difficult to do. For modification, it is possible not to turn the cuff over, but to seal the lower opening of the outlet fitting, to make a gas outlet from the top of the product. With this design, the mechanism will work normally, but creating a vacuum. The implementation is more difficult, but if you have a certain tool, you can completely do it yourself.

Vacuum pump from a car compressor

As a donor, a portable air pump is used to maintain pressure in car tires. Execution is carried out if there is an affordable car accessory in the garage, but if you purchase it on the market, then it is better to immediately buy the finished product. A homemade vacuum pump is made according to a simple principle, it is enough to remake the device with minimal intervention.

For manufacturing, you will need to swap the intake and exhaust valves, put a locking mechanism of a different sample in place of the intake. A hose is mounted to the direction of air intake, the piston mechanism thereby creates a vacuum. When used, a vacuum type gauge can be added to monitor the vacuum status. A full-fledged camera can be obtained using an airtight pan.

Modification of the aquarium compressor

In cases where high sparsity is required, it is possible to adopt more efficient technical elements. Household aquarium compressors for pumping air are able to withstand the load for a long time, to give the desired indicator. A modified product is used in many experiments and everyday activities, where an increased rarefaction is required. Making a homemade vacuum mechanism is quite easy, no additional tools or knowledge are required.

It is important to follow the sequence of actions in order to get the most productive output product:

using a screwdriver, the housing fasteners are dismantled;
after removing the cover, the composition of the compressor has an assembly with valves, it must be dismantled;
a hole is sawn off in the corner of the body to connect the prepared hose;
a hole is drilled in the bottom wall to remove condensate and moisture;
the gas exhaust system is performed using glue, a suitable tube.

The assembly is carried out in the reverse order, the output should be a device made by oneself, capable of pumping out air instead of forcing it. Such a device can reduce the boiling point of liquids during experiments, but the level of gases should be controlled.

Low-vacuum equipment is used when the necessary long-term provision of the environment in production. The device has a body inside with plates attached to the rotor, immersed in water. The process involves the creation of 90% vacuum, it is possible to increase the rate using a liquid with a higher boiling point. The advantages of this device are that it has an increased resource, due to the absence of rubbing parts and seals.

Water ring units have several disadvantages:

it is important to organize a device for capturing or recirculating liquid, exhaust gases;
it is necessary to monitor the level of the working fluid, otherwise, when rotating in a “dry” device, it will overheat and fail;
a complex technical solution does not allow do-it-yourself assembly in the absence of special skills.

However, by preparing specialized parts, it is possible to bring the design to light. It is necessary to use the drawing for assembly, prepare a cylindrical body and a suitable size. The shaft, with blades, is placed to the working part, then a test portion of water is supplied. The liquid is fed at an angle to act on the blades.

medical syringe conversion

Creating the simplest instrument from a medical syringe does not require special skills. This device is applied to containers of small volume, from which it is necessary to pump out air. You will need a regular syringe, consisting of a nozzle and a core, as well as a plastic tee, fitting. The assembly does not differ in increased complexity, it is necessary to follow the sequence of steps in order to obtain a high-quality result.

The nozzle is inserted into one of the sides of the tee, then the fitting is screwed onto the thread, connected to a hose no longer than 15 cm long.
An additional hose is connected to the branch of the tee, lowered to the required level.
A core is installed at the end of the hose, a short water drainage hose is connected to the opposite side.

The assembly is considered completed after the test run. Water is supplied and a vacuum is created, due to which gas or liquid is pumped out. It is worth emphasizing that a do-it-yourself device can disrupt the operation of the entire system, it is inferior in reliability to purchased counterparts. Therefore, more reliable designs are selected for responsible needs.

Using a Refrigeration Compressor

To work as a vacuum pump, an old compressor from a refrigerator can be used, the main requirement is its performance. A self-made vacuum pump can continue to operate both as a supercharger and a vacuum device. Before assembly, you will need several elements that can be found in the parsing:

the frame, all parts will be attached to it, is made of corners by welding or bolting;

Do-it-yourself vacuum pump from a refrigerator compressor

In the case of building a universal design, it is worthwhile to provide a pressure switch that turns off the blower when a certain level is reached. Before assembly, used oil is removed and new oil is poured in to prolong the life of the device. The assembly order is as follows:

A compressor with a receiver is screwed to the frame, the supercharger is installed in a vertical position, anti-vibration material or pillows are used.
Hoses join all the details, the filter.
The power supply is installed with the mandatory inclusion in the circuit of the machine, in order to avoid damage as a result of a short circuit.

When a compressor is needed, the hoses are simply swapped. The universal design allows the device to be used in many directions.

Application of receivers

The operation of primitive instruments does not require constant pressure to be maintained by the system. A manual vacuum pump for evacuating air is only effective during the piston stroke, and jumps occur.

When performing precise actions, interruptions are not allowed; a receiver is used for this.

The principle of operation of the receiver is to maintain a buffer state during pressure surges; an old gas cylinder can be used as a device.

The device is connected in series, equipped with a pressure gauge, the calculation is made in accordance with the material and capacity. The use of a vacuum receiver can be done with an ordinary glass bottle.

Operation features

Vacuum pumps are designed to create a vacuum space by individual volumes. It is applied by household purpose, automotive industry, production. The operation of a do-it-yourself device can significantly reduce the time for pumping gas.

The vacuum blower is not the first household appliance, most people use a conventional vacuum cleaner. However, there are tasks that cannot be solved without a special device. Having a device will help you do most of the tasks with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists.

Reading 5 min.

Vacuum pumps are used to pump out vaporous and gaseous mixtures. The devices are expensive, so not all consumers have the opportunity to purchase this type of product.

After studying the design information, you can make a vacuum pump with your own hands.

Operating principle

The principle of operation of the apparatus is displacement. The principle of operation is divided into two main stages:

pressure drop in a closed space;
the time limit within which the pressure reduction must occur.

Application

The purpose of units of this type is to pump out air, that is, to create a vacuum inside a certain container.

Vacuum pumps are used in the following areas:

Packing units. For packing tapes, production of bags.
Chemistry. For continuous distillation of chemicals, compression of gases and drying of chemicals.
Food. For cleaning fish and vegetables, poultry, fruits.
Polygraphy. Compressors are used in printing and processing devices.
Environment. In this area, devices are used for aeration of facilities, treatment facilities, filtration.
The medicine. Breathing apparatus and dental equipment.

Devices are classified according to the types of impeller: they are divided into plate-rotor and vortex units. Lamellar-rotary, in turn, are divided into dry and.

How to make a vacuum pump?

The vacuum apparatus can be independently made from the following devices:

refrigeration compressor;
syringe;
manual compressor.

Depending on the source material, do-it-yourself vacuum pumps are used in different areas and for different purposes.

Do-it-yourself vacuum pump from a refrigeration compressor

The pump for making a refrigerator compressor is quite simple. The procedure consists of the following steps:

the upper part of the apparatus is cut with a hacksaw;
the engine is taken out of the device. The discharge and suction hoses are connected to copper tubes;
since the top of the pump has been sawn off, it must be replaced with a new one. The new cover is made of brass. From the inside it is sheathed with linoleum, which serves as a soundproofing material. The diameter of the cover must be smaller than the diameter of the body to prevent oil from leaking out of the body;
the device is equipped with a level gauge to control the oil consumption (it is made from the shell of a ballpoint pen, installed with the cap up and a fixed oil-resistant tube). The cap of the pen does not close tightly, which ensures the flow of air.
the apparatus is placed in a container;
an oil filter is placed in front of the suction pipe;
between the discharge pipe and the filter, an overpressure relief mechanism is installed. Such an event will prevent the winding from burning;

How to make a water ring type vacuum pump?

Devices for pumping out air of the water ring type are used for agricultural machinery. Pumps out gas with impurity of moisture and dust.

Construction principle:

inside the cylindrical body there is an impeller with radial blades. The wheel must not come into contact with the body. The impeller is rotated by a motor. The pump is filled with water;
The flow of liquid occurs from the tank or discharge pipe;
The puller presses on the bearing. Studs are inserted into the holes of the plates for pressing. By tightening the nuts, the plate will be pressed onto the shaft.

The advantage of the device is that there is no need to lubricate the working shaft with oil. Differ in durability. Are operated in the conditions of high temperatures.

DIY vacuum pump from an aquarium pump

At home, it will not be difficult to remake an aquarium compressor. To do this, it is enough to swap the valves located on the detachable mounts. To prevent the formation of condensate, a hole is drilled in the housing.

syringe device

This is the most budgetary and fastest way to self-manufacture a vacuum device.

Manufacturing scheme:

we need (it is better to use fifty cubic meters) a tube, check valves that match in diameter;
a hole is made in the center of the tube. A syringe is placed in the hole;
two check valves are placed on both sides of the tube. The first valve is suction, the second is exhaust;
the suction valve is attached to a rigid tube;
by making movements with a syringe, air will be pumped out in the required container.

How to make a powerful vacuum pump from a syringe with your own hands (video)

How is a pump made from a car pump?

Manufacturing sequence:

the drain with the cuff is removed from the cover open on the sleeve;
after unscrewing the screw, the cuff is removed;
turn it upside down and screw it into place. The stem is placed in its place;
a ready-made check valve is connected to the formed suction tube. When installing, pay attention to the fact that air must flow into the sleeve. To do this, they blow into the valve;
a tube is attached to the opposite end of the valve. The tube must be made of a dense material that is not amenable to atmospheric material.

Such a homemade vacuum pump creates a rarefied environment in a food bowl or a bag for storing clothes.

During the operation of the devices, breakdowns occur. Having studied the materials and model of the unit, the repair of the vacuum pump is carried out independently. Independently without contacting specialists, it is possible when familiarizing yourself with the design of the device.

To create a vacuum unit, it is enough to have the source material. The complexity of manufacturing and the purpose of the vacuum pump depend on the type of the initial apparatus. The advantage of self-manufacturing a vacuum unit is to save money.