The truck-mounted concrete pump delivers ready-mixed concrete in horizontal and vertical directions to the place of laying with the help of a distribution boom 4 with a concrete pipeline 9 or an inventory concrete pipeline. The spreading boom consists of three articulated sections, the movement of which in vertical plane communicates with double-acting hydraulic cylinders 5, 7 and 11. The boom is mounted on a rotary column 3, based on the frame 15 of the chassis 1 through the turntable 2, rotates in terms of 360 ° hydraulic swivel mechanism and has a range of up to 19 m. A hydraulic tank 6 and a water tank 10 are also mounted on the chassis. An articulated sectional concrete conduit 9 attached to the boom ends with a flexible hose 3. The concrete mixture is fed into the intake funnel 14 of the concrete pump 8 from a concrete mixer truck or concrete truck. During operation, the truck-mounted concrete pump relies on outrigger hydraulic supports 16. Truck-mounted concrete pumps have a portable remote control remote control movements of the boom, the flow of concrete mixture and the inclusion - deactivation of the concrete pump, which allows the driver to be near the place of laying the mixture.

Working principle of concrete pump truck:

Range, height and depth of delivery

From the tray of the concrete mixer (concrete mixer, mixer), concrete or mortar is gradually unloaded into the receiving hopper of the concrete pump. The pumping unit starts pumping the mixture through the concrete boom directly to the unloading point up to 70 m in height and up to 200 m in length. Concrete and mortar can be supplied not only along the boom of a concrete pump, but also to increase it with additional concrete pipelines, the so-called route.
The route is assembled at the facility from individual metal pipes connected with special clamps. At the end of this route, a rubber trunk is put on for distributing concrete over the formwork. The length of the trunk is 4 meters. Two arms can be used to increase the maneuverability of concreting.
If necessary, the track can be connected to the concrete pump without using the boom. Concrete pipelines are simply attached directly to the pumping unit.
Application in the construction of buildings and structures from monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete, construction of bridges, tunnels, etc.

Main characteristics

– The design of the concrete pump is thought out for installation on a three-axle chassis;
- Front outriggers with "X" - shaped extension for quick installation and ease of opening the boom in cramped conditions;
- Independent frame with protection against torsion deformation;
- Outriggers with hydraulic drive on both sides of the machine;
— Four or five section distributing arrow with a diameter of 125 mm. with unwinding opening kinematics;
- Proportional control of the boom opening allows the operator to independently control the opening of the sections;
- Concrete supply regulator;
- Quiet operation of the truck-mounted concrete pump with high performance: smooth, continuous flow of concrete;
Safety device on opening inspection hatch.
– Concrete pump productivity from 90 to 163 m3/h.

Standard equipment

- Proportional radio control of the boom (two speeds) via a remote radio control with a frequency synthesizer, an 8-position key and a concrete supply regulator;
- Backup remote control with 30 m cable;
— Remotely controlled vibrator on the grate of the receiving hopper;
- Central lubrication unit of the pump unit;
— Additional manual lubrication system of the pump unit;
- Linings for outriggers made of heavy-duty plastic;
— Taillight on the receiving hopper;
— Accessories for flushing and cleaning the system.

Specifications

Options	Model
	ABN 65/21 (58150V)	ABN 75/32 (581532)	ABN 75/33
Maximum technical productivity at the outlet of the concrete distributor, m 3 / h	65	75	75
Max Height supply of concrete mixture by concrete distribution boom from ground level, m	21	32	33
type of drive	Hydraulic
Installed power, kW, no more	95	125	125
Internal diameter of the concrete pipeline, mm	125	125	125
Loading height, mm	1450	1400	1450
Angle of rotation of the concrete distribution boom, degrees:
in the vertical plane	90	90	100
in the horizontal plane	355	380	365
Loading funnel capacity, m 3	0,6	0,7	0,7
The maximum pressure on the concrete mixture by the piston at the outlet of switchgear, MPa	7	6,5	7,5
Maximum aggregate size, mm	50	50	50
Chassis type	KAMAZ-53215	KAMAZ-53229	KAMAZ-53229
Overall dimensions, m	10.0×2.5×3.8	10.3×2.5×3.8	10.45×2.5×3.8
Mass of technological equipment, kg	9500	15 000	16 700
Gross weight of the concrete pump, kg, no more	16 500	24 000	24 000
including distributed to the front axle	4500	6000	6000
on the axle of the rear bogie	12 000	18 000	18 000

Optional equipment

— Pipeline of double thickness and high-strength steel;
– Central automatic lubrication system of the boom;
— Set of emergency service of the hydraulic line;
- Water pump high pressure;
— Air compressor for cleaning the boom;
- Air duct on the boom;
— Protection of the receiving bunker.

Installation site dimensions

Truck-mounted concrete pump 24m platform 6 X 10 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 28m platform 6 X 10 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 32m platform 7 X 11 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 36m platform 8 X 11 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 40m platform 9 X 11 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 42m platform 10 X 11 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 46m platform 10 X 12 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 52m platform 12 X 15 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 62m platform 13 X 16 meters
Truck-mounted concrete pump 65m platform 13 X 16 meters

To supply concrete over a distance, several various types techniques:

• stationary concrete pumps and mortar stations - they have low productivity, therefore they are rarely used in commercial operation, they are not considered in this article,
• hydro trays and conveyor belts are often used in the Northwestern Federal District, but in the Moscow region they are practically not found,
• concrete pumps - about them in the future and will be discussed.

Truck-mounted concrete pump (ABN)- this is a special unit for supplying concrete over a distance, placed on the chassis of the car. ABN classification:

1. By type of pumping: piston and vacuum
   • In the practice of commercial operation, piston mechanisms of 2 pistons operating in antiphase are more often used (one sucks concrete from a receiving hopper, the other pumps it into a concrete pipeline).
   • There are also single-piston pumps, but such a mechanism naturally reduces the performance characteristic of the pump.
2. By type of shutter mechanism: gate, curtain and rotary. Gate - the most common type, they can have an S-shaped and C-shaped design gate node.
3. By type of boom control: boom and line (non-shooting).
   • Boom ABN - the most popular type, in which the mixture is fed through hydraulically controlled pipes called booms.
   • Linear ABN are most often used where it is not possible to place a boom ABN.

What are the requirements for the place of pouring with the help of boom ABN (in length, width and height)?
As for the height - first of all, it is required that wires and trees do not interfere with the unfolding.
The total height for unfolding depends on the total length of the pump boom, for a guideline, you can take a length of 16-20 meters.
You can see how the unfolding of the arrow looks like in the promotional video of the 32-meter Zenith ABN (the actual unfolding starts at 0:49. By dragging the slider, you can start watching videos from any moment).

In this video, you could also see the outriggers ("legs") of the pump laid out on the sides (which can also be found on truck cranes or trucks).
So that the pump can normally spread out its paws - it requires a platform of at least 7 * 7 meters. For pumps with an arrow from 36 meters - not less than 9 * 9 m.

The width of the outriggers (paws) of the pump and mutual arrangement pump and mixer during pouring can be evaluated by 2 following photos.
The first photo shows a pump with a boom length of 40 m, the width of the outriggers (legs) unfolding is 9 m.

When pouring, the mixer drives up to the pump with its back and pours the concrete into the pump inlet.
The result is that 2 cars stand in a line under 20 meters long.
If the driveway curves, this is not a fundamental obstacle. The mixer can stand up to the pump and at an angle, which can be seen in the photo from the site Russian manufacturer mixers and pumps "TZA".
The photo shows a pump with a boom length of 22 m.

The video below shows the pouring process using a concrete pump.
Concrete is poured along the tray into the inlet of the mixer, and then it is fed through the pump booms into the formwork.

The mechanism for unloading concrete from the mixer is described in the Concrete Mixer section of the Questions and Answers section.

Pay attention to the wires: if the left side of the photo (where the mixer) is full of them, then the right side (where the pump) is not.
For filling with a pump, it is necessary to ensure that there are no wires and trees so that they do not interfere with the pump being unfolded.
This is especially important in gardening communities where both wires and trees are seen in abundance.

What to do if these conditions cannot be met?

In this case, you can use a linear concrete pump. Its main distinctive features(compared to boom ABN):

• Benefits
  • shorter length (and hence greater maneuverability),
  • there is no need to lay out outriggers ("legs") - the usual width of the road is enough for the pump to work,
  • there are no requirements for the absence of wires, trees, etc.
• limitations
  • required to manually assemble pipes into single structure, called the highway, which takes more time,
  • the line is dragged along the poured structure manually, and not with the help of hydraulics - this increases the labor intensity of the process,
  • if the object is above ground level, the highway will need to be fixed (to the facade, wall or something else).

As for the cost, a powerful linear pump (capable of pumping up to 150 m) usually costs more than a boom pump, but starting from a distance of 60 m (if you can’t use the boom - for example, when pouring through a window or basement) it can already be cheaper ( depending on the prices of a particular supplier). It looks like this (photo from the website of the Russian manufacturer of mixers and pumps "TZA").

I need the smallest concrete pump, what will be the length of the boom?
Sometimes there are small pumps with a boom of 15 meters, but usually minimum pump- 22-24 meters. Maximum length- 61 meters, costing more than 50,000 rubles for an 8-hour shift.

It should also be taken into account that the length of the boom corresponds to the vertical reach (minus 0.5-0.7 m). The horizontal reach is on average 4 meters less than the nominal length of the boom due to design features.
Specific values ​​can be found on the pages of concrete pump manufacturers TZA, SCHWING Stetter, Putzmeister, CIFA, Mecbo, Zoomlion.

What is included in an 8 hour pump shift?
Standard Practice- 7 hours for direct work and 1 hour for flushing after completion of work.
The way "there" and "back" during the shift is not included.

What is running the pump and is it worth any extra money?
So that the concrete mixture does not get stuck in the pipes, you need to cover their walls with something like an enveloping film. This is the start of the pump.
To start, use either cement milk or a starting mixture:

• Milk is produced directly at the factory, but only 1-2 cubes are required, and delivery of milk in a half-empty car is very expensive. Therefore, manufacturers themselves often advise using a “self-made” starting mixture of cement and water - this is much cheaper. For long pumps and lines, the use of laitance is mandatory.
• In other cases, a special starting mixture is most often used, which the concrete pump operator either brings with him or mixes from the customer's cement.
• When shipping the solution, instead of the starting mixture, you can use the directly supplied solution for launching - but at the same time, a small margin in volume (tenths of a cube) should be laid.

And if I need to fill the floor in a room 100 meters long, will the cost of the change be about 100,000 rubles?
No, for long spaces, you can either use a linear pump or extend the boom using a line. Such a design is not centrally controlled by the operator of the concrete pump - it must be carried manually, but it is much cheaper. The final cost can only be said on the spot by determining the exact need for hoses, pipes and bends. When supplying concrete through doors (to the basement) or windows, it will be impossible to do without a highway.

Examples of what the highway looks like:

How quickly can the pouring be done using a truck-mounted concrete pump?
The lowest performance of the pumps is found in the combined "mixer-pump" machines, which are practically not found in the Moscow region - about 30 m 3 / h.
For conventional concrete pumps without a mixer, the productivity is much higher - from 60 m 3 / h, and more often - from 90 m 3 / h.
Therefore, in practice the real speed limiter for pouring is the speed at which the mixers are fed under the pump and the speed at which the mixture is produced by the work crew. And more often there is a question of the speed of concrete supply so that the pump does not clog.

At what interval should concrete be ordered when pumping through a pump?
The requirements for the interval are determined based on the fact that the concrete pump should not be idle after the start of work, but should constantly pump concrete - otherwise the pipes will “stagnate” and the pump will have to be restarted.
According to the practice of the speed of concrete production by teams, one 7m 3 machine is produced in 15 minutes, the final speed of concrete processing by a team is about 30 m 3 per hour and 200 m 3 per shift.
Machines and concrete plants themselves are not produced much more often, therefore, for simplicity, it is assumed that machines under the pump must be fed without interruption- the break is formed by itself due to the loading time of the machine.
Respectively, concrete-mixing plant must have enough cars (own or hired) to provide the required interval.

If there is not enough time for shipment, can the pump and the first machine with concrete be ordered at the same time?
If something happens to the pump and it cannot pump concrete, then shipment will not be possible and the concrete released from the plant will need to be redirected to another facility.
To prevent this from happening, the procedure is as follows:

• first you need to make sure that the pump is decomposed at the facility, there are no obstacles for its operation,
• and only then release the cars from the factory to the facility.

Usually the difference between the pump and the first concrete machine is 1 hour, but if it is known that from the plant to the object long distance(or large traffic jams), it is recommended to set the time difference based on the actual duration of the journey (anyway, the mixer will not be able to reach the object faster than it is possible).

The same difference must be taken into account when calculating the useful time of the pump. The fact is that he needs 1 technological hour not only for unfolding the boom - but to a greater extent for washing following the results of unloading. And if, after giving a signal about readiness for work, 2 hours pass before the arrival of the first car, then only 5 out of 7 useful hours will remain for pumping.
Given the level of prices (several thousand rubles per hour), this situation cannot be called convenient for customers. Nevertheless, this measure serves to ensure that in case of impossibility of pumping, one does not have to pay for concrete already released from the plant - and this is already tens of thousands of rubles.

How to regulate the volume of concrete when shipped under the pump?
In general, the rules are the same as for normal shipment - in order not to overpay for an empty run, when unloading the penultimate car, the volume of the last car is adjusted.
However, it must be borne in mind that due to the risk of concrete hardening in the pipes (if a long time passes between the unloading of the penultimate and the last machine), many pumpers do not release the machine before the next one arrives. Most often, this means that the last machine, due to waiting for the last one, has excess downtime that requires payment. This should be treated with understanding, since the alternatives are:

• additional machine run with concrete, if more is required than originally ordered,
• unloading of "extra" concrete, not required in the original structure, if it is required less than expected.

In all these cases, the additional costs will be more than the payment for excess downtime. And if the initial and actual volume converge, then you won’t have to overpay anything.

What are the requirements for concrete for pumping it with a concrete pump?
Most specialists in truck-mounted concrete pumps do not undertake to pump a mixture of M150 and below, although some agree, based on the fact that the main thing is still the mobility of the mixture, and the M100 P4 mixture will be pumped successfully.
Despite the fact that in the characteristics of its pumps the manufacturer "TZA" indicates the required mobility P2 (cone draft 6-9 cm), in practice it is required order a mixture under the pump with a mobility of at least P4. Only in some rare cases (when the pump belongs to the manufacturer and he is sure of his quality), it is possible to put P3 concrete under the pump. This must be taken into account when planning the cost of concrete and ordering a batch of concrete.
Concerning solution , then due to the absence of crushed stone and a higher cement content compared to concrete of the same strength, finding a pump for pumping mortar M100 is easier than for concrete M100.

Do the same rules exist for mortar and expanded clay concrete?
For mortar - the same rules as for concrete, but practically no one undertakes to pump claydite concrete with a pump, regardless of brand, except for individual craftsmen.

How, then, to apply expanded clay concrete over long distances and in height?
The most standard way is to use a crane and feed the claydite concrete in separate batches.
For example, using the so-called "bell", which is transported by crane from the place of unloading to the place of laying.
Other methods may be used, such as excavator bucket pouring.
Most often, with such fillings, the unloading of machines lasts longer than the prescribed period.
If it is clear in advance that there will be a simple machine,it is better to say it right away before pouring- so you save both your nerves and the nerves of the supplier.

How long does it take to order a concrete pump?
In a couple of days, but in general: the sooner the better, because there are relatively few pumps, and their work is signed for several days in advance.

Can I order a concrete pump from the same supplier as the concrete?
It is possible, but not always. A concrete pump is a more expensive technique than a truck mixer, and it is less common at regional plants than in Moscow. In addition, it is often cheaper for private traders than for concrete producers. However, when possible, we recommend ordering the pump from a concrete plant, even at a higher price: this will eliminate the risk of mutual claims for downtime. Examples of when they occur:

• if, due to the delay of the machines, the pump does not fit into the shift - the owner of the pump requires payment of additional working time from the customer,
• if the pump breaks down, and because of this, the machine at the facility is longer than the allotted time, the concrete supplier demands payment for excess downtime from the customer.

As you can see, in both situations, the customer must compensate the third party for damages that arose through no fault of his. In the case when the concrete plant itself supplies the pump, the responsibility remains within its structure and does not concern the customer.

Which pump is better - vane or shutter?
For the consumer, there is no difference which type of pump is used, provided that the technical characteristics are the same. And it is more profitable for manufacturers to work with vane pumps due to their relatively greater reliability. When concrete is supplied at a distance of 30 meters, such pressure is created that the metal curtain is literally “sucked” into the concrete conduit, which leads to breakage.
Sliding vane pumps - more modern technology than curtains. So if you have to deal with a curtain pump, this means that the pump is far from new. However, this does not mean that it will be less reliable.

The force of pressure created by the concrete pumping mechanism can be estimated from the vibrations of the pump boom during pumping:

The need to maintain a high pace of construction has become the main engine for the active mechanization of all possible technological processes. The use of special construction equipment that minimizes the need for worker participation is the basis of a successful and efficient modern construction. One of effective tools to speed up production process became a concrete pump.

In most cases, stationary units are used, which have proven themselves to be highly efficient and reliable special equipment. High-rise buildings, bridges, tunnels with its help can be built in a relatively short time: the solution can be supplied at a rate in the range of 20-70 m 3 /h.

A feature of the operation of this type of equipment can be called the fact that in the process of pumping the mixture for the concrete pump is practically not exposed to external influences, which allows it to work with foam concrete, for which this technical moment is of fundamental importance.

Design features and types of fuel pumps

The stationary concrete pump is standardly equipped with a diesel engine, which is equipped with an automatic speed controller and a preheating system, which greatly facilitates starting the engine in the cold season. The most popular today are two-piston models, during which reciprocating motion is performed. piston systems to perform pumping of the solution.

Also on the site you can often find a diaphragm pump, the operation of which is based on the use of a rubber diaphragm. Due to its movement, the internal volume of the working chamber changes. The only problematic point in using this category of special equipment may be that these automobile concrete pumps should not work with mixtures in which there are large inclusions due to the rapid wear of the membrane. In this regard, all working solutions must be filtered through a special sieve.

In addition, electric concrete pumps can be used, as well as individual models designed specifically for the most intensive operating conditions. Under the condition of pumping mixtures over short distances, hose or perylstatic units are mainly used, which compare favorably in that they are able to work without interruptions.

The technical characteristics of this type of concrete pumps allow them to lift the solution to a height of up to 30 m. They become the optimal solution when working with lean solutions, as well as mixtures with gravel filler. Among the special advantages of this design, it is worth noting enough simple design mechanism and minimum flow energy during work.

Standard design of concrete pump

Main structural elements automobile or stationary concrete pump are

• receiving bunker,
• betonovod,
• double acting hydraulic actuator
• cylinders.

The cylinders of the unit are driven by hydraulic system cylinders. The whole structure is mounted on a reliable and durable body frame assembled on a mobile chassis.

Due to the presence of a powerful drive, special equipment manages to maintain sufficiently high pressure indicators inside the system (70-240 bar). This parameter can be quickly corrected by adjusting the amplitude of piston movement. At the same time, high-class special equipment is characterized by a fairly smooth ride and good adjustment. As a result, manufacturers are able to significantly reduce the wear rate of parts of stationary or automobile concrete trucks.

Despite the fact that, regardless of the mobility of the equipment, each of the models has wheels for transportation, with the difference that stationary models only allow them to be moved around the construction site, they are transported by trucks for long distances. In order to ensure complete immobility of the unit during its operation, special stoppers are used to fix the equipment. Most brands of special equipment are characterized by an orientation towards the maximum possible technical characteristics of concrete pumps , which will allow the equipment to work with almost any mixtures.

The principle of operation of piston and pistonless equipment

piston concrete pump

• Starting mix for concrete pump pumped through the system (it is a powder, which is pumped in dissolved form through the pipeline of the unit). This is necessary in order to prevent any blockages and problems with the passage in the process of supplying the solution.
• The mixture for the concrete pump enters the bunker . The first piston acts on the flow of the solution, which allows the finished mass to be pushed out by the stroke of the second. The piston has a very rigid connection with all moving parts of the drive.
• The movement of the piston from side to side is carried out due to the variable supply of oil to the rod and piston cavities. In direct proportion to this, the direction of the flow of the solution also changes.
• In the process of suction of concrete, the discharge opening is closed with the help of one of the elements of the slide gate, when the injection process takes place, the outlet is blocked by the second element of the system.

Pistonless concrete pump

Stationary and concrete pumps of this type include a housing with a rotor placed inside, on which pressure pushing rollers are fixed, covered with rubber around the entire perimeter. The concrete mixture moves through the system due to the impact on the hose of the compressing rollers during the rotation of the rotor. As a result, a uniform and uninterrupted supply of concrete to the place of its pouring is ensured, but with a relatively low productivity.

The optimal use for such equipment is the use at sites with small volumes of work (especially in those situations where, due to frequent reinforcement, the use of other types of concrete pumps is significantly difficult). A fundamental feature that should be taken into account when choosing this type of special equipment is the fairly rapid wear of the hose under the action of the filler.

The main principle of choice: the technique must be reliable and simple

Practice shows that automobile concrete pumps fail much more often in comparison with stationary models. Their main problem is the rubber sleeve, which is subject to fairly rapid wear.

Repair of such a unit will have to be done on average 2-3 times more often, although it cannot be said that With Stationary concrete pumps do not have problem nodes: they experience quite serious piston wear under the action of laitance.

As for ease of use, quite often the main selection criterion is the performance of equipment on the principle of the more the better. But in fact, it is important to observe the line of the "golden mean" in this parameter. A feature of working with concrete mixtures, both manually and mechanized, is that there is a certain volume of mortar that can be taken by workers per unit of time. Therefore, you should not overpay for the super-productivity of equipment if it is not in demand.

As for the peculiarities of using concrete pumps at various facilities, it can be noted that from the point of view of ease of use, mobility and high technical characteristics of concrete pumps are important. , for example, if you have to fill the foundation for a 1-2-storey house, make a monolithic ceiling or columns. But the construction of a building with a higher number of storeys is possible only with the use of a stationary concrete pump ( although it is best to use both options in this case if possible).

Machines for transportation

concrete mixture and solutions.

Concrete pumps and pneumatic blowers.

The method of delivery of concretes and mortars from the mixing plant to the place of their laying and the equipment necessary for this are selected depending on the nature of the structure, the total volume of the mixture to be laid, the daily need for the mixture, the height of its rise and the range of horizontal movement.

The range of supplying the mixture by concrete pumps along a horizontal concrete pipeline reaches 400 m, vertically - 70 m. By mounting a series of concrete pumping units in series, it is possible to increase the range and height of delivery.

For any method of transportation, the mixture must be protected from delamination into its constituent parts.

In most cases, when performing large volumes of concrete work, it is economically feasible to transport the concrete mixture through pipes using concrete pumps. When it is necessary to transport concrete from central concrete plants to remote construction sites, truck mixers are the best vehicles to ensure the preservation of concrete quality.

Fig.1. Concrete pumps in operation:

a - monolithic construction; b - construction of a wall, strengthening of a slope;

in - pouring the foundation; G - filling floors.

In modern construction technologies, the most important role is played by increasing the productivity of work, saving time, labor, and, ultimately, financial costs. The use of mechanized equipment allows to solve this problem. One of the types of professional construction equipment is a concrete pump.

The purpose of this installation is to transport the prepared concrete mixture directly to the place of its pouring using a concrete pipeline, consisting of separate sections with quick-release joints and special distribution booms.

The supply of concrete through pipes during the construction of monolithic structures, in comparison with its supply by belt conveyors or cranes, increases labor productivity and reduces the cost of work. This method of transporting concrete allows you to work in cramped conditions and hard-to-reach places where other types of supply cannot be applied.

concrete pump is a machine for pumping concrete mixture to the place of its laying (within the construction site) for the prompt and high-quality construction of various objects using a flexible concrete pipeline, which also makes it possible to pump concrete into various planes.

It is believed that the supply of concrete with the help of concrete pumps significantly improves the quality of the laid concrete. This is due to the fact that during the transfer of the concrete solution, additional mixing is carried out, which increases the structure of the laid concrete.

Classification:

BUT). Structurally, depending on the purpose, concrete pumps

subdivided into three main categories :

1) - concrete pump;

2) - stationary trailer concrete pump;

3) - truck-mounted concrete pump with a mixer.

Fig.2. Concrete pumps:

a - stationary trailer concrete pump; b – concrete pump;

in - truck-mounted concrete pump with mixer (ABNS-29).

Truck-mounted concrete pumps is a construction equipment designed to deliver concrete to the place of laying, both in a horizontal and vertical position. The truck-mounted concrete pump is mounted on a truck chassis and consists of a distributing boom, a support system and a concrete pump. Depending on the brand of concrete pump, the length of the concrete pump boom may vary up or down.

Concrete pump truck capacity can reach up to 200 m³/hour, and the concrete supply height is up to 48 meters. Some models of truck-mounted concrete pumps can rotate around a vertical axis or be equipped with mixers for mixing concrete. In general, the functionality of even the simplest concrete pump is enough for laying concrete over fairly large areas.

The operation of the concrete pump can be controlled either from the driver's cab or from a remote control mounted on the vehicle chassis. The operation of the concrete pump can also be controlled using the remote control. Such a remote control can transmit signals via radio or cable connected to a concrete pump truck.

The supply of material from the concrete pump is carried out through a special pipe, which is called a concrete pipeline. The concrete pipeline is securely attached to the distributing boom of the concrete pump, which completely eliminates the loss of material during the process of supply to the place of installation. If the concrete is to be laid in winter time, the concrete pipeline should be insulated or heated with steam.

Stationary concrete pump- special equipment, which is mainly intended for the construction of multi-storey buildings. For a more distant supply of the concrete mix, an arrow (pipe) is installed on the concrete pump. Stationary concrete supply units (concrete pumps) differ in the following technical characteristics: 15 before 85 m³/hour; concrete mix can be delivered up to 150 meters vertically and to 450 meters horizontally. The operation of stationary concrete pumps can be provided by engines running on both diesel fuel and electricity.

They are intended for objects with a small amount of work and are light mobile machines on wheels or skids.

Mobile mixers are used for small volumes of construction and repair and construction works (with a small amount of mixing) at dispersed objects, they are light mobile machines on wheels or skids; and stationary ones are part of the technological lines of concrete mixing plants of medium and high productivity of concrete and mortar plants.

Stationary ones are more powerful, but they do not have an arrow for supplying a concrete mixture.

B). Drive type:

■ crank and connecting rod;

■ hydraulic concrete pumps;

■ pneumatic concrete pumps.

AT). By number of cylinders:

■ single-cylinder;

■ two-cylinder.

G). For mobility:

■ stationary;

■ concrete pumps.

The use of a concrete pump is most effective in the following cases:

Increasing labor productivity in multi-storey construction

on the authority;

Concreting of sites where, for various reasons, it is difficult

supply of concrete;

Concrete work at height;

There are obstacles preventing the entrance of the concrete mixer truck

The technological process of operation of concrete pumps is as follows: concrete flows through concrete pipelines to the place of installation. Distance and height may vary. The speed controller, depending on the characteristics of the concrete and the distance over which the pumping is carried out, automatically sets the operating mode. Air temperature is also taken into account. The concrete is mixed with a reverse system.

The main advantages of concrete pumps: endurance and work stability. Technical characteristics allow the equipment to work in an economical mode. Because equipment can be used all year round, including in winter, a diesel fuel heating system is installed on the concrete pumps. To protect the engine from overheating, an oil-cooling unit is installed.

Servicing concrete pumps is easy. It is enough to use a flushing pump with a water gun.

General arrangement of concrete pumps

Piston type concrete pumps(with mechanical drive). The domestic industry produces piston-type concrete pumps with a capacity of 10, 20 and 40 m 3 / h with a mechanical and hydraulic drive.

Drive from internal combustion engine:

The principle of operation of the concrete pump is as follows: 6 the concrete mixture is subjected to continuous mixing with paddles 5 in order to maintain its uniformity and prevent delamination. From the hopper, the mixture with the help of a stimulator 7 made in the idea of ​​a paddle mixer. Comes through the suction valve 8 into a cylinder 11 pump.

Piston 12 pump reciprocates by means of a crank mechanism, the crankshaft 2 which is driven by the main electric motor of the concrete pump. The movement of the piston is strictly coordinated with the position of the suction 8 and pressure 9 valves: during the suction movement of the piston (Fig. a) valve 8 opens and the valve 9 closes; in the discharge position of the piston (Fig. b) valve 8 closes and the valve 9 opens. Synchronization of the movements of the piston and valves is achieved using a rocker mechanism 1 , which receives a rocking motion from profiled fists on the crankshaft, and two rods 3 and 4 connecting each of the wings with valves. During the suction movement of the piston, the concrete mixture enters the cylinder cavity, and during the discharge movement it is pushed into the pipeline 10 .

Fig.3. Concrete pump with mechanical drive:

a - scheme of work; b- kinematic scheme; І – suction position of the piston; ІІ - discharge position of the piston;

1 - rocker mechanism; 2 – crankshaft KShM; 3 and 4 - traction; 5 - blades; 6 - receiving bunker; 7 - motivator; 8 - ; suction valve; 9 - discharge valve; 10 - pipeline; 11 – pump cylinder; 12 - pump piston.

Electric motor drive :

Concrete pumps are mounted on a welded frame 15, equipped with skis 16 for the possibility of moving the concrete pump over short distances. Receiving hopper 6 is made welded from sheet steel, and its inner surface is lined with replaceable armor plates that protect the walls of the bunker from wear. An upper platform is attached to the bunker 20 on which the drive is mounted 3, 4 and 5 mixer shaft 7 and ballast electrical equipment is attached 2 main drive. From this site, the flow of concrete mixture into the bunker is monitored. In the lower transition funnel of the bunker. In close proximity to the suction valve, a shaft is installed 8 motivator. The drive shaft of the stimulator is carried out using a chain drive 21, 27 from the crankshaft 18 .

The working part of the concrete pump consists of a valve box 12 and cylinder 13 in which the piston moves 17 . The inner surface of the valve box is lined ( lining - this is a special finish to ensure that the surfaces are protected from possible mechanical or physical damage) with wear-resistant steel replaceable bushings, and the cylinder with a sleeve.

Fig.4. Concrete pump:

1 – main electric motor; 2 - starting control equipment of the main drive;

3 ; 4 and 5 – mixer shaft drive; 6 - receiving bunker; 7 - mixer; 8 – exciter shaft; 9 - suction valve; 10 - discharge valve; 11 - ; 12 – valve box; 13 - cylinder; 14 - rubber tip; 15 – welded frame; 16 - skis; 17 - piston; 18 - crankshaft; 19 - thrust; 2 0 - upper platform; 21 and 27 - chain transmission; 22 and 23 – profiled fists; 24 and 25 - backstage; 26 - connecting rod.

Cylinder liner wears relatively quickly

Fig.5. Details of the concrete pipeline:

a - a set of links; 1 - straight link length 3 m; 2 - straight link length 1.5 m; 3 - straight link length 0.9 m; 4 - a straight link with a length of 0.6 m; 5 - a straight link with a length of 0.3 m; 6 - knee at an angle of 90 °; 7 – knee at an angle of 45°; 8 – elbow at an angle of 22°30"; 9 – elbow at an angle of 11°15";

b - lever lock connecting the links of the concrete pipeline; 1 and 5 - links of concrete pipeline; 2 - rotary lever; 3 - traction; 4 - collar;

in - needle valve; 1 - lid; 2 - needles; 3 - needle holder.

Pneumatic concrete blowers. Are intended for movement of portions of concrete on pipes by means of compressed air.

Fig.6. Pneumatic Concrete Pump:

a - general form; b- scheme of the device; 1 - pipeline; 2 - guide cone;

3 - funnel; 4 - conical shutter; 5 - storage tank; 6 - nozzles.

The delivery distance is within 150 m.

Concrete pump with hydraulic drive. Partially eliminates the shortcomings of the mechanical drive. They consist of 2 two working cylinders 4 equipped with two slide gates - vertical 7 and horizontal 6 . The movement of the pistons of the working cylinders and sliding gates is reported by oil-driven cylinders 5 and 3 .

Fig.7. Hydraulic driven concrete pump:

a - general form; b - the scheme of movements of the auxiliary boom with a concrete pipeline; in – circuit diagram concrete pump operation; 1 - ; 2 – booster bunker; 3 and 5 – oil-driven cylinders; 4 – two flow cylinders;; 6 – horizontal slide gate; 7 - vertical slide gate.

The principle of operation of such a concrete pump can be seen in Fig. in . The right working cylinder sucks the mixture from the receiving hopper, while the left working cylinder squeezes it into the concrete pipeline. 1 (position І ). When the pistons reach their extreme positions, a signal is sent to the control system to change the direction of movement of the pistons and sliding gates. In this case, the horizontal shutter opens the access of the mixture from the hopper to the left cylinder and closes its flow to the right cylinder. The vertical shutter opens the mixture inlet to the concrete pipeline from the right cylinder and closes the left cylinder (position ІІ ). Then the cycle is repeated, and the concrete mixture moves in a continuous flow through the concrete pipeline.

Concrete pumps with a hydraulic drive, compared to a mechanical drive, have fewer structural components and are therefore more reliable in operation. Their working pistons move at a constant speed and do not create large inertial loads, unlike the crank mechanism. The performance of hydraulically driven concrete pumps can be regulated over a wide range, and an increase in pressure above the set limit is excluded by hydraulic system safety devices. The delivery range of such gasoline pumps is greater than that of mechanically driven concrete pumps.

Concrete pumps with hydraulic drive are completed with an articulated boom from several links 8 carrying a concrete pipeline. The boom is mounted on a turntable 9 mounted on the frame of the concrete pump and can rotate around a vertical axis. By changing the angle of inclination between the links by hydraulic cylinders, the boom head with the end link of the concrete pipeline is moved to the desired position (Fig. b ). By this, under certain conditions, it is possible to supply concrete to the place of laying without installing a concrete conduit.

Structurally, depending on the purpose, concrete pumps are divided into three main categories :

1) – concrete pump;

2) - stationary trailer concrete pump;

3) - concrete pump with mixer.

1) - concrete pump truck- mobile construction equipment installed on the basis of a truck. The equipment works according to the following principle: by means of a distributing boom, the concrete mixture is supplied from the concrete mixer to the place of its direct laying. If necessary, the boom is built up with an additional concrete pipe. The type of truck chassis is possible from two to five axles, the outreach of the distribution boom depends on the design of the installation and ranges from 16,1 before 57 meters.

Fig.8. Autoconcrete pump.

With increasing requirements for the pace and quality of construction and installation work, engineers developed mobile construction equipment. In the environment of concrete pumping equipment, concrete pumps were designed - concrete pumps installed on a car chassis.

The main difference between concrete pumps and stationary concrete pumps is their mobility.

Truck-mounted concrete pumps are designed to supply freshly prepared concrete mixture in horizontal and vertical directions by a distribution boom to the place of laying at construction sites. The use of concrete pumps significantly reduces the construction time of buildings and structures, improves the quality of construction, and improves working conditions.

The truck-mounted concrete pump, as well as its stationary counterpart, can operate in all weather conditions with a capacity of up to 150 m 3 /h ac, deliver concrete to a height of up to 70 meters and before 200 underground in horizontally.

Fig.9. Appearance of automobile concrete pumps.

Truck-mounted concrete pumps are equipped with a cushioning system that minimizes vibrations caused by hydraulics. Modern automobile concrete pumps are equipped with an electronic system for monitoring the quality of the supplied concrete, and the distribution of the load on the boom is also regulated, which reduces the amplitude of the structure's vibrations.

A big plus of the truck-mounted concrete pump, which made it possible to intensively use this type of equipment in the construction of the Shelter facility over the destroyed reactor Chernobyl nuclear power plant, is its mobility. This made it possible to start concreting the walls of the Sarcophagus remotely (at a distance) and to organize the entire technological process of concreting in a short time.

Fig. 10. Scheme of operation of an automobile concrete pipeline

concrete pump (three-section boom)

The use of truck-mounted concrete pumps during the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident made it possible to significantly reduce the time for performing work, reduce the need for labor force and reduce costs.

The need for remote concreting during the construction of the Sarcophagus

The construction of the Shelter, according to the original design, provided for the complete isolation (burial) of all premises belonging to the 4th unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. But after analyzing the radiation conditions at the work sites (inside the premises and on the territory of the Chernobyl NPP), as well as examining the building structures of the building, it was possible to simplify the design of the Shelter.

When erecting the walls of the Shelter object, the following concreting procedure was provided. Armoblocks were delivered to nuclear power plants in ready-made. On the site with the most favorable radiation situation, they were assembled into a block formwork.

The assembled block was delivered to the location of the wall, and after the installation of concrete conduits and the installation of concrete pumps, the concrete mixture was laid into it.

Fig. 11. Scheme of the location of concrete pumps at

construction of a cascading wall of the Shelter object.

During the construction of some of the outer concrete walls of the Shelter, armored blocks were mounted on railway platforms. The number of platforms was determined by the length of the wall. For the longest wall, it took 14 platforms, the workplace for the assembly of armored blocks of which was determined in the area ABK-1, i.e. on distance 500-600 m from the site of the wall. At the same time, the existing railway track was used to place the platforms and deliver the formwork to the location of the wall.

The greatest difficulty was the construction of a cascade wall with a height of 5,75 m in axes 43-51 along the row YU. Then the space between this wall and the block was concreted. B to the top of the wall. On the formed step, as close as possible to the collapse, formwork was installed: reinforced blocks with a height of 12 m, for the second wall, for which concrete was also laid, as a result, a second step was formed - a tier of a cascade wall with a total height 17,55 underground in. Similarly to the first and second tiers, the third was erected ( overall height 29,75 m) and fourth (total height 41.00 m) tiers. The scheme for erecting a cascading wall is shown in the figure. When erecting walls inside the premises, the armored blocks were installed in place separately. In some cases, the formwork was mounted directly at the place where the walls were erected.

The supply of concrete to the reinforced concrete blocks was carried out using mobile and stationary concrete pumps, which made it possible to carry the concrete mix receivers to a distance 150-200 underground in from the places of installation of armored blocks. Concrete pumps used include Worthington, Schwing, Putzmeister, BN-80-20.

According to the containment project developed by VNIPIET, during the construction of the Shelter, it was necessary to lay more 300 000 m 3 concrete. At the same time, more than 7 thousand tons metal structures. Work began at the end of May 1986 and was completed in November 1986.

Concrete pump device.

Fig.12. Concrete pump truck:

1 - gripping hook; 2 – signal indicators; 3 – lubrication system; 4 –

fixing the end position of the telescopic device in front; 5 – left support control unit; 6 - water pump, drain tap; 7 8 – the switch of a sound signal (klaxon); 9 – agitator control panel; 10 – panel of the control unit; 11 – water pump control panel; 12 – control unit; 13 – concrete pump control unit; 14 – mast control unit; 15 – the fixing device of transport provision behind; 16 – right support control unit; 17 – locking device for the end position of the telescopic device from the front.

Fig. 13. Concrete pump truck CIFA K48XRZ

concrete pump truck CIFA K48 XRZ mounted on a 4-axle chassis, equipped with a 5-section distributing boom B5RZ 48/44 with concrete pipeline diameter 125 mm With RZ-shaped opening kinematics, X-shaped retractable outriggers, which speeds up the installation of the concrete pump and simplifies its placement in narrow areas. The boom is equipped with a system bfc(quick-release fastening of the concrete pipeline), and the proportional control of the opening of the boom allows the operator to independently control the opening of the sections.

Main characteristics:

Compact and handy design, designed to be mounted on a four-axle chassis.

Rear folding and front folding with telescopic extension support.

Independent frame with anti-torsion protection.

Hydraulically operated outriggers on both sides of the machine.

Five-section expanding boom B5RZ 47/43 diameter 125 mm with mixed Z-shaped and untwisting opening kinematics.

Proportional boom control allows the operator to independently control section opening.

Concrete supply regulator.

Possibility of installing a pumping unit of the series HPG-IF with closed hydraulic circuit: excellent performance, high pressure and concrete flow, easy to maintain.

Safety device on opening inspection hatch.

Pump Series" F8"high performance: smooth, continuous flow of concrete combined with ease of maintenance.

For the construction of a small facility, it is not always rational to use large-sized special equipment. Great solution The task will be to use the mini concrete pump technique, which has similar parameters with the performance characteristics of large specialized construction equipment. Small-sized concrete pump has proven itself in monolithic construction where a prompt solution is required for pouring foundations and other load-bearing structures buildings.

Why choose mini appliances?

Buying a large stationary or mobile concrete pump does not always justify itself. Expensive equipment can pay off after months and years, while you need to solve production problems. A mini concrete pump can be rented, and if funds allow, bought on lease or under another credit program. In the construction segment, there are universal tasks where it is required to fill structures without using large equipment, and at the same time it is irrational to use self-made concrete pumps. Low price special equipment with a full daily load will allow you to pay off in about 6-8 months, and renting a mini concrete pump can “recoup” the investment even faster, but again, subject to a full daily load.

The market for small concrete pumps is quite extensive, there are Russian developments, but in recent times can be seen on construction sites mini-equipment made in Japan, China, USA, South Korea and a number of industrialized countries. For low-rise construction, where there is an average level of the work cycle, only mini stationary concrete pump is the best solution for organizing the work cycle process at the production site.

Technical characteristics of mini-special equipment

To properly organize the working cycle of work where pouring concrete is required, try renting a miniature concrete pump. Approximate technical specifications of special equipment include:

• The maximum size of delivery of a sleeve with solution - 150 meters.
• The maximum level of solution supply to the height is 50 meters.
• Basic installation - electric or diesel engine general principle actions.
• Fully offline mode movement.

Variants of small-sized concrete pumps

Before you know correctly how to choose a concrete pump for construction works, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the groups of special equipment. There are two types of specialized equipment on the market, which are represented by the following categories.

• piston type. The most popular version of the concrete pumping group, which is used not only in the post-Soviet space, but also in highly developed countries. Thanks to the universal principle of the piston group, it is possible to organize a continuous cycle of supplying the concrete mixture to the production site. The maximum level of productivity of the concrete pump, m 3, depends on the technological chain of the organization of the supply of mortar by piston group machines. Installation of the piston category of equipment takes place on a mobile chassis or on self-propelled equipment.
• Rotor system. This type of mini concrete pump is also used in a number of technological processes. Due to the presence of a sleeve with rollers, a direct ejection of the solution in portioned parts is ensured. The supply system bypasses the concrete pipeline and enters directly into the hose. The productivity of such equipment is 2-3 times less than in the piston group, but it is effective for highly specialized works of supplying concrete mixture to the construction site.

“The overall dimensions of the miniature concrete pump allow the installation of a hopper for receiving and processing the concrete mix.”

Along with this, in technological process it is required to comply with strict time requirements for the processing of the mixture, which should not exceed 20 minutes, otherwise this will lead to the failure of the main technological equipment. Exceeding the concrete processing time can cause premature wear of special equipment, therefore, at the end of work, it is recommended to thoroughly rinse all units of special equipment with a strong jet of water or other technological liquid intended for cleaning the concrete pump.

Features of the selection of small-sized concrete pumps

Given the high popularity of buying and renting concrete pumps of a small group, we note the main technical and functional advantages.

• Mobility. The equipment is able to maneuver along the difficult streets and roads of a large metropolis, where the quality of concrete comes first, and, therefore, the prompt delivery of the concrete pump to the site is guaranteed by the acceptable dimensions of the special equipment.
• Compactness. Given the limited space of the production site, the mini concrete pump is right decision for the building process. For example, in order for Kamaz to turn around completely, it is necessary to provide a free space of 10 * 12 meters, for a miniature concrete pump, this space is 5 * 6 meters, that is, if you carry out construction processes inside the workshop, then a small-sized concrete pump may well turn around at your production site.
• Financial benefit. For large-sized equipment, it is necessary to attract a sufficient number of auxiliary forces, on average up to 5-6 people. Mini concrete pumping equipment provides for the involvement of 1 driver, and a maximum of 2 auxiliary workers. The financial component is quite impressive.
• Multifunctionality. The use of a concrete pump is not only the supply of concrete mix. Some models of special equipment are equipped with a mixer that allows you to mix concrete if it is not possible to invest in the time frame for pouring the solution in the production cycle.
• Performance. Despite the very miniature size, special equipment has sufficient performance. The maximum volume of concrete processing, depending on the model of the machine, is 70-170 m 3. The maximum height of the hose and the operation of the equipment is up to 25 meters, some models of special equipment will allow you to raise the solution to a height of 50 meters vertically and about 160 meters horizontally.

Popular brands of mini concrete pumps

Additional information about special equipment

Considering that many equipment manufacturers have provided additional options control of the machine, it is necessary to carefully study the possibility of using auxiliary technological equipment for the supply of concrete. The main weight of the equipment of the installation is about 1 ton, so it is possible to transport special equipment by low-tonnage transport if there is no mobile scheme of a mobile type. Upon completion of work with concrete, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse all units and components of special equipment from the formation of concrete build-up after the mass has hardened.