To date, there are many types of vacuum pumps that differ in the specifics of their work, although they have general principle actions. They are used both for domestic needs and in large enterprises for very serious work.
There are devices for milking cows (vacuum pump UVD 10), laboratory units, an electric vacuum apparatus, etc. The scope of these types is clear and common man, but the principle of operation of a vacuum pump, unfortunately, is much more complicated.
1 area of use
The invention of such devices makes it possible to cope with a variety of tasks that require human intervention.
The vacuum pump and container are used in the industrial field and with their help they solve many problems:
- protection of nature (containers for cleaning);
- polygraphy (preparation and copying of drawings, where the 2NVR apparatus is used);
- food production (meat processing, milking cows ATC 10,000 with a vacuum pump, apparatus 461M, a set of vacuum containers with a pump for packaging, lids with a pump for cans, etc.,);
- medicine (medical vacuum device for breathing apparatus, mini-tubes in dentistry that use the HBM 5 device);
- production of glass and ceramic products, where 2NVR and 5DM containers are most often used;
- the woodworking industry, where 2HBP and vacuum containers are popular, and for drying wood, the installation of a vacuum pump VVN 1 075 will be excellent.
1.1 Features of the devices
Each vacuum system has its own advantages due to the principle of operation and some features.
For example, a water vacuum pump is robust and can be used at maximum high temperatures. It is mainly used for pumping steam, gas and air. highly demanded in industrial applications. There are three types of water unit for creating a vacuum:
- single-stage with one chamber;
- single-stage with two chambers;
- two-stage with two chambers.
The screw vacuum pump has its advantages: it does not consume oil in operation and can do without installing a condenser. This oil-free machine greatly saves energy consumption.
1.2 Working principle of the vacuum pump
The principle of operation of this device is based on the following tasks: it must create a decrease in pressure in the working closed space and do this in a certain time.
To prevent gas leaks through the gaps of parts, used for vacuum pumps. With the help of such oil, the gaps are sealed, which allows them to be completely blocked. From this it follows that pumping systems, which use vacuum oil, are called oil. And devices where such oil is not used are called dry. If you have to choose between these devices, then the most the best option there will be a choice of a dry apparatus, because it does not need to be serviced.
1.3 How does a vacuum pump work? (video)
1.4 Types and differences
Depending on the pressure range within which it is possible to achieve the maximum performance of the vacuum pump, the devices are divided into three types:
- foreline pump;
- high vacuum;
- booster (intermediate vacuum).
1.5 Forevacuum apparatus
Foreline pumps are devices for preliminary vacuum. They are used to ensure operation in high vacuum conditions. Foreline pumps are excellent energy savers, which is a great advantage over their counterparts . As such a unit, rotary-plate devices are used.(one of the cheapest 2NVR 5DM), as well as a steam-oil apparatus, turbomolecular vacuum pumps, etc.
1.6 High vacuum pumps
These devices are not connected directly to the system, but through communications. It is recommended to install shutters between the device and the system itself, as they allow you to disconnect the device from the system. Together with dampers, traps are installed for cooling and trapping the vapor of the working medium, which enters the system from the apparatus.
2 Manual vacuum pump
Such a device can be made independently using the usual. The syringe is an excellent pump, which is quite cheap and can be purchased at any pharmacy.
3 Common models
3.1 Becker
Vacuum devices Becker (Becker) have proven themselves in pumping gases, air, industrial emissions, and industrial sectors. For example, an oil-free rotary vane is designed to create a clean, dry vacuum and blow air that is free of foreign particles.
3.2 Bosch
Vacuum pump Bosch is installed in light diesel and light commercial vehicles. It creates a vacuum in brake system and in the turbocharger system.
3.3 Rietschle
German factory Elmo Rietschle offers a wide range of Rietschle vacuum pumps:
- production of centrifugal pump;
- vortex;
- water ring;
- lamellar-rotor;
- cam;
- screw.
The products of the German company are different high quality production, which has been tested for decades of flawless work.
3.4 AVZ 180
The manufacturer of the vacuum pump AVZ 180 is Ukraine. It works with non-flammable gas without moisture and abrasive. I use this device for medical purposes, Agriculture, in the production of metals, etc. Sometimes this device is installed as a fore vacuum for the Roots pump.
3.5 AVZ 20D
The AVZ 20D spool apparatus is used to pump out air, a vapor-gas mixture, previously cleaned of small particles. The temperature of the working environment AVZ 20D is 10-35˚С. The device is not used for pumping the working medium from one container to another. The AVZ 20D device is unsuitable for working with an aggressive environment that reacts with ferrous metal and lubricating oil. The AVZ 20D device must not be overheated; the operation of this device must be with cooling.
3.6 Devices for a vacuum truck
3.7 Graphite blades
Graphite blades are used as accessories for rotary vane and dry vacuum pumps. Graphite blades are popular because they have a number of advantages:
- resistance to adverse conditions, for example, the temperature rises when the blade is rubbed inside the device;
- the blades are inert and not amenable to chemical reactions;
- graphite blades are self-lubricating, which is possible due to the particles that make the lubricant between the chamber of the device and the blade.
Due to the structure, graphite blades are not noisy in operation, which is the main plus.
3.8 Receiver for vacuum device
The receiver for a vacuum pump is called an equalizing cylinder, which is used with vacuum pumps and installations. For chemical and food production, 500 and 900 l receivers are made of stainless steel. Economy Models receivers are made on the basis of compressor devices.
The station is made up of
- actually pump, in this case this is Value VI-120SV, single-stage, 51 liters per minute, residual pressure 20 Pa;
- vacuum receiver made from a 24 liter hydraulic accumulator;
- automation unit;
- strapping, that is, plumbing and special fittings, crosses, gas valves, hoses;
- vacuum bag.
The pump has been selected from the series Value iPump for the reason that this series is already equipped with an electromagnetic (solenoid) shut-off valve, which makes further automation a little easier. For other pumps, you will need to purchase and install shut-off valve additionally, which, in principle, does not add much complexity.
Low power? Partly. The pumping speed is quite enough to work with flat veneer in bags up to 140x200 cm in size.
Single stage? Yes! And why for vacuum veneering the residual pressure is not 20Pa, but 2Pa? The difference in film pressure will be as much as 0.00018 kg/cm2!
Receiver. A rubber membrane was removed from the 24-liter hydraulic accumulator of Gileks, the flange part was cut out, which returned to its place to seal the flange. The nipple for pumping air was plugged and screwed through additional gaskets and washers.
strapping can be assembled from plumbing fittings, which is the most affordable, but Ball Valves it is better to take all the same gas, there is a different stem seal, more suitable for vacuum than in plumbing.
And it can be assembled on special fittings with SAE threads, which are used for vacuuming and filling air conditioning and refrigeration systems. But the price...
Hoses can be taken pneumatic (they say oxygen is better), in which case they will need to be connected to the fittings using clamps. I have often come across the statement that quick couplings for pneumatics are not suitable for vacuum. I did not check the statement, I took my word for it.
And you can use special hoses with SAE threads, which are also used in the commissioning and repair of air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
In this case, I used a mixed system: a piping of water fittings, gas ball valves, adapters with inch thread for SAE threads, hoses with SAE union nuts.
Why is that? I don't like collars :)
By the way, here is such an adapter from inch thread to SAE thread
found only in one place in Moscow and completely at an unreasonable price of 900 rubles!
To order from a turner on the Moskvoretsky market, it cost 500, which is also not cheap, and a sample is needed.
All plumbing connections were assembled on a thread by Tangit and smeared with special silicone vacuum grease. The flange connection of the receiver was also smeared with this grease, as were the balls of ball valves.
The remaining connections perfectly hold the vacuum without additional sealing.
Automation block.
The heart of the block is the Rosma TV-510.05 electrocontact vacuum gauge in the standard version 05, which means that the device has two contacts, the right open, the left closed. For automation, one contact is needed, the left one.
There was a jamb with a domestic commodity producer (if this is also not a Chinese production with our nameplate), on the nameplate of the LRPZ (the left contact is open, the right one is closed), but in fact it is PRLZ.
The scale on the vacuum gauge is not very convenient, each division would need to be multiplied by 10, but you can get used to it.
The electrical part consists of a two-pole circuit breaker, a turn-on delay relay, a contactor that starts the pump, all this is placed on a DIN rail in a box for 4 IP-65 modules. Near the socket for connecting the pump.
Bag.
Glued together from a PVC film 400 microns thick. Based on the results of gluing experiments, Moment Crystal glue was chosen for gluing, which does not thicken the gluing site, does not reduce elasticity and holds tightly.
The fitting was assembled from plumbing fittings and one "gold" adapter, embedded in a bag. The insertion point is additionally reinforced with two layers of the same PVC film.
A 12 gauge pyzherub was ideal for punching a hole :)
To close the bag I use two bars and three clips.
And yet, it was not without clamps :) for inserting a fuel filter in the role of an air filter into the line for pumping air out of the bag. But here I already gave up, did not look for a suitable filter with the right thread. But he didn't quite give up! Suddenly something similar turns up, then I’ll adapt it :) By the way, when vacuuming, the filter flattens a little, I’m not sure that it will live for a long time.
Well, I had to make a saddle for the pump, because there was no platform on the purchased GA, but just a bracket for attaching to the wall.
At the same time, I added a place to install a box and an outlet.
How it all works:
The vacuum in the receiver can (and should) be prepared in advance, before connecting the bag.
The bag is attached, both taps are opened, the pressure in the combined system decreases, the pump pumps out air from the combined system “station + bag” and then serves to level possible leaks;
The bag is attached, both valves are opened, the pressure in the combined system decreases, the receiver valve is closed, cutting off the receiver from the system, and then the pump works only with the volume of the bag.
The receiver valve is closed, the bag is attached, the bag valve is opened, air is pumped out of the bag, the receiver valve is opened, then the receiver works to level possible leaks.
Or simply close the receiver and work only with the bag, automatics will cope with leaks.
UPD. With a bag, the tightness is not so chocolate, and this is where automation came in handy! :)
Medical vacuum systems are designed for major surgical operations that require removal of excess blood and other fluids, as well as drainage of the abdominal and pleural cavities. All operating rooms and wards where intensive care is carried out should be professionally equipped with equipment to maintain the patient's viability at the proper level. That is why a system properly installed and tailored to the needs of the hospital is able to optimize the process of patients' recovery. Medical vacuum stations and systems are the most various kinds and scale.
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Vacuum systems VVN
Used for cleaning in medical facilities. Vacuum pumps are used for pumping excess air, non-aggressive gases, vapors and gas-vapour mixtures, previously cleaned of condensed moisture and mechanical impurities, from hermetic closed volumes in stationary installations placed indoors at a temperature of 10 to 30 degrees Celsius. The vacuum pump is designed to maintain a vacuum and provide a given process. Its choice is due to its ultimate pressure and scope.
Vacuum medical systems
Vacuum systems can have one, two or three pumps - it all depends on the appropriateness of use in a particular area. Vacuums based on a single pump are used where it is necessary to constantly maintain a vacuum in the process. The installed vacuum pump provides 100% of the required performance. The pump turns on automatically, depending on the level change in the vacuum. As a rule, medical vacuum systems are smaller and easier to operate than industrial vacuum systems, but they are just as reliable and durable when used. correct use. They can be made in a standard version or have a more mobile look - with a handle for ease of movement by medical staff and wheels.
Vacuum systems based on three rotary vane vacuum pumps are used in NPO test centers or provide central vacuum to a large plant. The main purpose of these devices is to provide consumers necessary level vacuum, regardless of conditions. Without these pumps, hospitals would not be considered modern, and the existence of enterprises and factories is unthinkable, since a failure in production or pollution is undesirable in any area and can negatively affect work.
When buying, you should also focus on the brand; the German manufacturer Dräger has proven itself very well on the market. This company is engaged in the production of high-quality medical vacuum systems. They all adapt to any needs of the medical facility and are made of high quality parts. The control panel of these systems provides many ways to monitor and has alarms.
In total, about 20 parameters are stored in the memory of the control unit, which are responsible for the algorithm of the system. Everything is by default uploaded to the block and ready to be connected. Many parameters can be set by the operator, according to desire or according to the norms of the enterprise, using the buttons on the front panel of the control unit. Medical vacuum systems are equipped with antibacterial filters with a bypass line that replaces filters without disturbing technological process. Powerful vacuum systems - industrial vacuum cleaners to remove dirt and dust at the source of their formation.
All devices in the system are equipped with individual frequency converters, operating, on average, with a capacity of about 65%, and as a result saving energy compared to individual units or installations without speed control.
How the medical vacuum system is applied:
- gas supply for ventilator systems and anesthesia machines;
- drainage of wounds, cavities, including the chest cavity;
- cleaning of endotracheal tubes;
- collection of excess blood and fluids, as well as the contents of the stomach and intestines.
The main parameters for choosing a medical vacuum system:
- gas consumption must correspond to the volume of the receiver and performance;
- power and number of pumps are interconnected;
- limiting and residual pressure - the minimum pressure created by a pump operating without pumping out;
- the lowest operating pressure is the lowest pressure level at which the device operates in normal mode, i.e. pressure in economy mode.
The best-known CPA systems on the market are vacuum plants known worldwide for their reliability. Italian manufacturer D.V. They work on rotary vane pumps and meet all medical standards for medical equipment.
Pumping units are used as central vacuum systems, that is, they provide vacuum to several consumers or one consumer with a large required pumping speed.
Central vacuum systems
The centralized system simplifies the work of personnel, reduces energy costs and increases the service life of vacuum pumps, while reducing equipment costs.
Centralized vacuum systems are used in cases where there is a multitasking mode and it is necessary to apply vacuum within the same building. Such systems are equipped with centralized controllers and other devices that control the vacuum.
They include the pump and pipelines. Before being used in medical facilities, they must have ABFG antibacterial filters installed. Strong particle filtration prevents the formation and large accumulation of trace elements in the vacuum receiver. One of the best medical systems are DVP TRIPLEX, they work smoothly and have proven themselves all over the world. They have a triple pumping system and a double control system, and have a safety system program.
What is a vacuum station made of?
The standard assembly includes three pumps, a vacuum collector, cleaning filters, a receiver and a control box for access control and operation configuration. This is a convenient and easy-to-use unit, it is easy for medical staff to switch compressors and monitor the performance of the device.
The vacuum station is primarily needed for resuscitation and surgery. The main tasks are:
- ensuring round-the-clock operation of medical equipment: anesthesia machines, ventilators, aspirators;
- stations help to carry out the operation in a timely manner;
- sterility and safety;
- antibacterial effect.
A vacuum station is essentially an auxiliary device attached to a medical vacuum. It distributes the flow in a medical vacuum.
The polluted air that the pump throws out passes through a network of antibacterial filters. AT reciprocating compressor, air is compressed when the pistons move, and its injection is provided by a screw. Exactly screw compressors prepare clean air and smooth it with a receiver. The air flow must be gentle. The receiver consists of one or more motors.
Its volume can be different, it all depends on the outlet pressure and the compressor. applied to it. Air treatment and how the purification process proceeds are important factors in the choice of equipment and antibacterial filters and a dehumidifier must comply with quality standards and have all certificates. More precisely, pumps decompose gases and various substances, remove them. At the same time, the chambers of the systems are completely sealed, which contributes to the isolation of bacteria. As foreign substances are removed, the volume of the cavities of the device changes, as a result of which the substances pumped by the pump are distributed in the required direction. But it is worth remembering that the principle of operation of vacuum systems also directly depends on the purpose of the vacuum system.
A vacuum system tester is used to test different vacuums. It is also worth mentioning, because the tester measures the degree of rarefaction in vacuums, helps to identify valve malfunctions and the installation of UOZ, measures the performance of vacuum-controlled devices, checks pressure sensors and brake bleeding. This diagnostic equipment is mandatory requirements when purchasing medical equipment, since checking its safety and performance should be carried out regularly and systematically.
A vacuum station is a very large installation that contains a huge number of important components, each of which somehow affects the operation of the entire mechanism.
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If you look at these installations purely from the production side, then they are the main source for the formation of a vacuum. Without the operation of such equipment, a vacuum simply cannot form in various industries, which in any case will lead to terrible consequences, which will simply be impossible to avoid.
Vacuum stations on this moment have been able to find their strong application in such industries as:
- Medical institutions
- Operating rooms or intensive care rooms
- Large Enterprises
There, vacuum stations serve as the main source of vacuum, which allows all equipment to function elementarily. If we touch on the topic of the technical characteristics of vacuum stations, then in this regard there is also a variety and among the entire number of vacuum equipment, you can find the one that will be most suitable for performing certain tasks.
Such stations will be able to fully ensure the operation of a huge enterprise, or some large hospital where a reliable vacuum is required.
Do not forget about such a category of stations as compressor stations, which also play an important role in the medical and manufacturing industries.
Compressor stations:
Source compressed air in this device is formed in the interior of the compressor stations, where the process of creating necessary conditions vacuum is done in seconds. But it is worth noting that it is best to buy such equipment from trusted companies that can give all the necessary quality guarantees.
By choosing a reliable company, you can also get a full package of services, which looks like this:
- Selection necessary equipment that suits your goals.
- Delivery of all equipment to the desired point
- High-quality installation of the system
- Quick piping installation to ensure targeted gas flow into the system
- All the necessary guarantees, under which it will be possible to carry out free maintenance
After reviewing this entire package of services, it becomes clear that buying vacuum stations from trusted companies is a smart idea, as in this case you can get all the possible privileges that you can only dream of.
Medical vacuum stations
It was already mentioned earlier that such equipment is in great demand in the medical industry, which needs high-precision and quality equipment, which is capable of delivering consistently high performance. Judging strictly by technical specifications medical stations, then in this regard you can also see a huge variety, among which you can find installations for various purposes.
The capacity of the vacuum station varies from 300 to 4000l/min, which is more than enough to handle large volumes of tasks.
Most often, vacuum stations are supplied in the following configurations:
Vacuum pumps
Such installations are most often equipped with several oil pumps of the UVL series. Pumps of this type are as simple as possible in terms of operation and operate without any noise, which is their significant advantage.
Special blocks for vacuum station control
This type of equipment allows the device to operate in automatic mode without any human assistance. It is this fact that makes us lean to the side. this option. But it is worth mentioning the manual versions of such stations, which are no less functional, but a person can independently control the entire workflow.
Both options are designed to perform certain tasks, in which they demonstrate themselves from a purely positive side. If we consider medical vacuum stations as a whole, we can see a huge number of clear benefits compared to some other settings.
As for the installation of medical vacuum stations, this issue is not a problem, since such a process is easily done by specially trained people who, for a small amount, can put the system in order and enable it to function fully, giving consistently high performance. performance.
Vacuum systems with receiver
Vacuum systems with a receiver are compact, and most importantly, productive systems of the CPV series. This series of devices is designed for pumping various liquids using a rotary vacuum pump, which does its job very well.
Installations of this type demonstrate themselves most effectively when creating a vacuum in the most different installations, be it a mobile device or an entire industrial system. One of the main applications of such stations is vacuum devices with the ability to grip, which work with elements inside the system, such as: safety valve and receiver. These elements help ensure the fastest possible capture and stable retention of the level of electricity within the system.
In fact, the vacuum systems of the CPV series are almost ready-made stations that can be pumped without any problems. various gases. Such installations operate exclusively on the principle of an oil vane rotary vacuum pump, since it is precisely its performance that is sufficient to solve most labor-intensive tasks.
Systems of this type are able to maintain a certain level of energy even under conditions emergency when this process becomes as unpredictable as possible. Do not forget that the composition of the vacuum system in any case also includes a vacuum pump with check valve. It is the pump, when working together with the valve, that makes it possible to achieve such high performance indicators, which are much more difficult to achieve in other installations.
Vacuum systems based on liquid ring pumps
Systems based on a liquid ring pump are a real breakthrough in the field vacuum technologies. The main reason for this is the simplicity of the design, which, although it does not have complex elements, at the same time the device is capable of delivering the highest possible performance indicators that even more expensive installations cannot match.
So simple design, allows the device to work with the greatest efficiency. A significant role in this is played by an economical method of regulation, which is based on the principle of selecting the rotational speed of the pump shaft, which, in turn, is capable of already delivering high performance indicators.
Liquid ring pump systems have already found their way into a huge number of industries where reliable and productive products are required. The main reason for this spread is the liquid ring pump, the principle of which is the speed of rotation of the blades, which, under enormous pressure, accelerate the device to enormous speeds, giving it the ability to produce the highest possible efficiency.
Roots Vacuum Pumps
Roots vacuum pumps are devices that operate on the basis of a rotating rotor, inside of which there are several blades. All of them move evenly inside the system, creating a certain level of vacuum. Further, these blades push all the liquid into the next compartments, in which several more work processes take place.
It is worth noting that the blades inside the rotor work without touching each other, and this was done so that the internal parts of the system do not give in to wear, which can lead to serious damage, which will be quite difficult to cope with.
So when buying such equipment, be sure to consider all these aspects, so as not to end up in a losing position.
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