Apparatus for breathing compressed air. The principle of operation of breathing apparatus with compressed air, their technical characteristics. Appointment of breathing apparatus

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic.

Brief instructions for use

Personal protective equipment /PPE/ - insulating technical means of individual protection of the respiratory organs and human vision from exposure to an environment unsuitable for breathing.

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic- conforms to the European standard 89/686 EWG. It is a compressed air device (balloon respirator) according to EN 137, has a fire safety certificate.

1. Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus

4. Schematic diagram of the operation of the Drager apparatus

5. RPE checks, their procedure and frequency

6. Calculation of work parameters in RPE

Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

Protective action time up to 120 min Backrest weight with gear, pressure gauge and suspension system 2.7 kg
Mass of DAVS assembled, in running order 1 balloon 2 bottles Panoramic mask weight 0.5 kg
9.4 kg 15.8 kg
Reducer outlet pressure (Pp.out.) 7.2 atm. (6-9 atm.) Weight of lung machine 0.5 kg
The pressure at which the reducer operates from 10 to 330 atm. Tank weight (without air / with air) 4.0 / 6.4 kg
Whistle (horn) actuation pressure 55 atm. ± 5 atm. Balloon volume (Laxfer) 6.8 l / 300 atm.
Reducer safety valve trips at pressure 13 - 20 atm. Quantity (reserve) of air in the 1st cylinder 2100 l
Overpressure (mask pressure) 0.25-0.35 atm Quantity (reserve) of air in 2 cylinders 4200 l
Breathing resistance when inhaling no more than 5 mibar Minimum pressure on entry 265 atm.
Temperature limit of DAVS operation From -45 to +65 gr.С Air consumption 30 – 120 l/min
Air tank dimensions (without valve) 520x156 mm Air consumption for: - light work - medium work - heavy work 30-40 l/min 70-80 l/min 80-120 l/min
Dimensions (without cylinder, with carrying straps folded up for storage) Length: 620 mm Width: 320 mm Height: 150 mm Average pressure flow (bar/min) for: - light work - medium work - heavy work 1 balloon 2 bottles
2,5

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus .

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic consists of the following parts:

1. Back (lodgement)

2. Reducer

3. Sound signal (whistle)

4. Pressure gauge

5. Tee (adapter)

6. Lung machine

7. Panoramic mask (Panorama Nova SP)

8. Two air tanks (Laxfer).

Back (lodgement).

The cradle consists of a custom-fitted plastic plate made of antistatic material (fiberglass-reinforced antistatic Duroplast), which has holes for picking up by hand when carrying a balloon respirator. The wide, padded waist belt makes it possible to wear the device on the hips. The weight of the balloon respirator can thus be shifted from the shoulders to the hips. All belts are quick changeable and made of Aramid/Nomex fabric which is non-flammable or self-extinguishing.

On the lower part of the lodgment are located: a mount for a pressure reducer and an elastic shock protection element. In the upper part of the cradle there is a cylinder support with a built-in attachment line, which, in combination with a folding bracket, cylinder attachment tape and a tension buckle, makes it possible to attach various compressed air cylinders.

Each breathing apparatus has an individual number, which is located on the back, has a designation of 4 letters and 4 numbers (BRVS-0026).

pressure reducer

The body of the pressure reducer is made of brass. It is fixed on the bottom of the supporting frame. The pressure reducer contains a safety valve, a pressure gauge hose with a pressure gauge, an audible signal and a medium pressure hose. The pressure reducer reduces the pressure from the cylinder (10-330 atm.) to 6÷9 atm. (bar). The safety valve is adjusted in such a way that it operates at a pressure in the medium pressure section of 13÷20 bar. The gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years, after the maintenance - another 5 years (sealed).

Two hoses come out of the gearbox:

Medium pressure hose – the Plus-A lung governed demand valve and the panoramic mask Panorama Nova Standard P are attached to the medium pressure hose;

High pressure hose - a horn (whistle) and a pressure gauge are attached to the high pressure hose.

The minimum pressure at which the reducer ensures uninterrupted operation is 10 atm., - the guaranteed minimum pressure of the manufacturer, at which human safety is ensured.

Sound signal (whistle) - warning device and 2.4. pressure gauge

The warning device is adjusted so that it gives an acoustic signal when the pressure in the cylinder drops to the set pressure - 55±5 bar. Activated by high pressure, the whistle uses medium pressure. The signal sounds almost until the used air supply is used up. Sustained sound over 90 dBl up to 10 bar (atm.). The whistle is built into the pressure gauge hose. The whistle and pressure gauge are fully protected. The manometer scale is luminescent.

Note: The breathing apparatus is supplied with a set value of 55 bar +/_ 5 bar.

Tee

The tee allows the connection of two 6.8l/300 bar composite cylinders.

Lung machine

The Plus A lung governed demand valve is switched on with the first breath. To turn off the aircraft, press the red key.

panoramic mask

The panoramic mask Panorama Nova Standard P is attached to the head with a five-ray headband. The mask has a plastic glass frame and a speech membrane. Glass - polycarbonate. The mask has a valve box - 2 inhalation valves (the first is for breathing, the second is to provide air pressure of 0.25-0.35 atm) and 1 exhalation valve. The expiratory pressure from the panoramic mask is 0.42-0.45 atm.

Compressed air cylinders

The device is equipped with Laxfer metal-composite cylinders with a capacity of 6.8 liters with a working pressure in the cylinder of 300 bar (atm.). Depending on the ambient temperature and humidity, there may be external icing on the cylinder valve, pressure reducer and connection, but this is not important for the operation of the device.

Each air cylinder has an individual number, which has a designation of 2 letters and 5 digits (LN 21160).

When taking up combat duty, the air pressure in the RPE cylinders must be at least 265 atm. – requirement for this device of the DRAGER electronic automatic control and warning system Bodyguard II(bodyguard).

When opening 2 cylinders, provided that the cylinders had different pressures, the pressure in the cylinders equalizes, the total pressure drops, the air flows from one cylinder to the second (a characteristic hissing sound is heard), since they are communicating vessels. The time of the protective action, however, is not reduced.

Requirements for working with breathing apparatus and safety when working with it

1. When working in RPE, it is necessary to protect it from direct contact with an open flame, shock and damage, do not allow the mask to be removed or pulled back to wipe the glasses, do not turn off even for a short time. Shutdown from RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander: "Link GDZS, from breathing apparatus - turn off!".

2. The valve is opened by turning the handle counterclockwise. To prevent involuntary closing during use, the cylinder valves must be opened at least two turns. Do not turn by force until it stops.

3. When docking the cylinders, do not allow dirt to get on the threaded connections.

4. When twisting - unscrewing the cylinders, the "3-finger" system is used. Do not use force.

5. When activating the lung machine into the atmosphere (without a mask - as a backup option), the first breath should be taken after 3 seconds. after air supply.

6. Safety rules for putting on a face mask: beard, mustache, goggles come into contact with the seals of the face mask and may adversely affect the user's safety.

7. When attaching air cylinders to the back of the device, do not tighten the fastening belts with force until the fastener is closed (Tavlo system).

8. When servicing the panoramic mask, do not wash it with organic solvents (gasoline, acetone, alcohol). For maintenance, use a foam solution of baby soap.

9. Drying of the mask is carried out at a temperature of not more than 60 gr.С.

10. The glass of the panoramic mask, during operation, must not be wiped with gloves, leggings, dirty rags, so as not to damage the glass.

11. If during checks No. 1 and No. 2 of breathing apparatus malfunctions are found that cannot be eliminated by the owner, they are removed from the combat crew and sent to the GDZS base for repair, and a reserve device is issued to the gas and smoke protector.

5. CHECKS OF PPE, THE ORDER OF THEIR CARRYING OUT AND PERIODICITY.

Annex 10 The Instructions on the Gas and Smoke Protection Service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 234 of April 30, 1996, determines the rules and procedures for checking gas masks and breathing apparatus.

Combat check- a type of maintenance of RPE, carried out for the purpose of promptly checking the serviceability and correct functioning (operation) of units and mechanisms immediately before the combat mission of extinguishing a fire. It is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the flight commander before each inclusion in the RPE.

Before conducting a combat check, the gas and smoke protector puts on and adjusts his suspension system.

A combat check is carried out at the command of the commander of the GDZS link at the command: “GDZS link, breathing apparatus - check!”.

1.Check the health of the mask. Visual inspection.

Visually check the integrity of the glass, half clips, head straps and valve box, as well as the reliability of the connection of the lung governed demand valve. If the mask is complete and there is no damage to its elements, it is considered to be in good condition.

2. Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, apply a panoramic mask to the face, take a breath, and if there is a large resistance that does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, then the device is airtight.

3. Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open the cylinder valve and close it. Determine by the pressure gauge changes in air pressure in the cylinder, if there is no air pressure drop, the device is considered tight.

4. Check the operation of the lung machine.

4.1. Checking the lung machine and exhalation valve.

4.2. Checking the air boost valve.

4.3. Checking the emergency supply.

5. Check the operation of the sound signal.

Attach a panoramic mask to your face and inhale, slowly pump out the air until the beep sounds. The sound signal should work at a pressure on the remote pressure gauge of 55 +/-5 atm. (bar).

6. Check the air pressure in the cylinder.

With the lung machine turned off beforehand, open the cylinder valve and check the pressure using an external pressure gauge

7. Report to the commander of the GDZS unit on readiness for switching on and air pressure in the cylinder: “Gas and smoke protector Petrov is ready for switching on, pressure is -270 atmospheres.”

The inclusion of personnel in the RPE is carried out at the command of the commander of the GDZS link:

“Link GDZS, into the apparatus - turn on!” in the following sequence:

  • remove the helmet and hold it between your knees;
  • open the cylinder valve;
  • put on a mask;
  • put on a helmet.

Check #1 - It is carried out by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the head of the guard immediately before taking up combat duty, as well as before conducting training sessions in clean air and in an environment unsuitable for breathing, if the use of RPE is provided for in free time from combat duty.

The results of the check are recorded in the log of registration of checks No. 1.

The reserve RPE is checked by the squad leader.

1.Check the health of the mask.

The mask must be complete with no visible damage.

2. Inspect the breathing apparatus.

Check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the device, cylinders and pressure gauge, as well as make sure that there are no mechanical damage to the components and parts. Connect the mask to the lung machine.

3. Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the valve of the cylinders closed, tightly attach the mask to the face and try to take a breath. If a strong resistance is created during inhalation, which does not allow further inhalation and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the breathing apparatus is considered to be airtight.

(by pressing the button, turn off the lung machine).

4. Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open and close the cylinder valve, having previously turned off the overpressure mechanism in the undermask space. Determine the change in air pressure in the cylinder using the pressure gauge, if the air pressure drop does not exceed 10 bar within 1 minute, the device is considered tight.

5. Check the operation of the lung machine.

5.1. Checking the lung machine and exhalation valve.

After turning off the lung machine, open the cylinder valve. Apply the mask to your face and take 2-3 deep breaths / exhalations. At the first breath, the lung machine should turn on and there should be no resistance to breathing.

5.2. Checking the air boost valve.

Insert your finger under the obturator and make sure that there is air flow from the mask. Remove your finger and hold your breath for 10 seconds. Make sure there is no air leakage.

5.3. Checking the emergency supply.

Press the bypass button and make sure that the forced air supply is working. Turn off the lung machine. Close the bottle valve.

6. Check the operation of the sound signal.

By smoothly pressing the button on the lung machine, release the pressure until a sound signal appears, if the sound signal appears at a pressure of 55+/- 5 bar, then the sound signal is working.

7.Check the cylinder air pressure readings.

The pressure in the cylinder must be at least 265 bar to put the breathing apparatus into combat crew.

Check #2 - type of maintenance carried out during the operation of RPE after check No. 3, disinfection, replacement of air cylinders, and also at least once a month, if during this time the RPE was not used. The inspection is carried out in order to constantly maintain the RPE in good condition.

The check is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the supervision of the head of the guard.

The reserve RPE is checked by the squad leader. The test results are recorded in the N2 test log.

Check No. 2 is carried out using instrumentation in accordance with the instructions for their use. In the absence of control devices, check No. 2 is carried out in accordance with check No. 1

Check #3 - type of maintenance carried out within the established calendar terms, in full and with a specified frequency, but at least once a year. All RPEs that are in operation and in reserve, as well as those that require complete disinfection of all components and parts, are subject to verification.

The check is carried out on the basis of the GDZS by the senior master (master) of the GDZS. The results of the checks are recorded in the check register N 3 and in the registration card for RPE, a mark is also made in the annual check schedule.

6. CALCULATION OF WORK PARAMETERS IN PPE

The main calculated indicators of the operation of gas and smoke protectors in an unbreathable environment are:

· control air pressure in the device, at which it is necessary to go out into fresh air (Pk.out.);

· operating time of the GDZS link at the fire seat (Trab.);

· the total time of operation of the GDZS link in an environment unsuitable for breathing and the expected time of return of the GDZS link to fresh air (Ttot.).

The methodology for calculating the parameters of work in RPE is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 1 to the Manual on the GDZS of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Order No. 234 of 04/30/96).

Available in two sheets)

Methodology for certification of GDZ

Certification is carried out in the following sequence according to the significance:

1. Psychological examination;

2. Checking physical performance (PWC 170);

3. Acceptance of practical skills (GDZS standards, check No. 1 RPE, passing the performance characteristics of RPE);

4. Acceptance of theoretical tests.

I. Psychological examination (vocational selection) chapter IV of order 163/88

It is carried out by a qualified psychologist of a legal entity (acceptably by a GU psychologist) according to tests. If the result of the tests is “Not recommended”, the candidate is not allowed for further tests.

II.Physical performance test (PWC 170) Appendix No. 9 of Order 163/88

It is carried out in the following order. Specify the subject's body weight and age. Within 3 min. 50 sec. the subject in outerwear climbs a step 25 cm high. Immediately after the end, for 10 seconds. We measure the heart rate. We give 2 min. to rest. Further within 3 minutes. 50 sec. the subject makes an ascent to the upper step. Immediately upon completion within 10 seconds. We measure the heart rate. When performing exercises, we monitor the frequency of execution by the metronome, the time by the stopwatch. With a “Low” indicator, a commission decision is made on further tests.

III. Reception of practical skills

Compliance with GDZS standards

- No. 1 putting on and inclusion in the apparatus (for correctness within 60 seconds);

- No. 2 Fixing for the structure (6; 8; 9 sec.)

- No. 3 Knitting double rescue with putting on (32; 38; 45 sec.).

Check No. 1 PPE.

When checking No. 1, you need to check:

1. Preparing the device system for operation (connect the tube from the model to the device, stick a carrot, move the distributor handle to the "-" position, create a vacuum of 1000 Pa, the distributor handle to the "closed" position, detect 1 minute with a stopwatch, press the button " reset "by equalizing the pressure between 1000 and 900 Pa and again we detect 1 minute if the pressure has not dropped, the system is tight).

2. Checking the tightness of the head with excess pressure (switch to the "inflate" position, 25-30 strokes with the pump, check the tightness of the connections with soapy water, detect 1 min.)

3. Serviceability of the mask.

4. Serviceability of the device as a whole.

5. The presence of excess pressure in the undermask space and the tightness of the high and reduced pressure system.

6. Alarm pressure.

7. Serviceability of the additional air supply device (bypass).

8. Air pressure in the cylinder.

Checking the health of the mask visually check the completeness of the mask and the absence of damage to its elements. For this:

Disconnect the mask from the lung machine;

turn out the chin cup;

Inspect the glass of the mask and its body, the body of the mask holder, the inhalation valve, the exhalation valve and the intercom;

· make sure that there are no damages to the panoramic glass, ruptures of the intercom membrane, punctures of the mask body and mask holder.

Checking the health of devices in general produced by external inspection, while:

Connect the lung machine to the mask, having previously checked the absence of damage to the sealing ring;

· check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the apparatus, the cylinder (cylinders), pressure gauge and make sure that there are no mechanical damage to the components and parts.

Checking for overpressure in the undermask space and tightness of the high and reduced pressure system:

The model is connected to the device with a hose, the lung machine is turned off, the handle of the distributor of the installation is set to the (-) position, the panoramic mask is put on the headform, the neck straps are tightened (starting from the bottom to the top) until the mask obturator is fully attached to the surface of the model;

Open the cylinder valve

the pump creates a vacuum until the valve of the lung machine is actuated (switched on) (a characteristic click is heard), the distributor knob is in the “closed” position;

· the pressure gauge on the device determines the parameter of overpressure under the mask (300±100 Pa);

close the cylinder valve, turn on the stopwatch and record its reading on the pressure gauge of the tested apparatus, while the pressure drop should not exceed 1 MPa in 1 minute;

· if, as a result of checks, the air pressure drop in the system for 1 minute does not exceed 2 MPa (20 kg/cm2) with the rescue device disconnected, the apparatus is considered to be airtight;

Checking the triggering pressure of the alarm device:

· when the cylinder valve is closed, release the pressure with the button of the lung machine until the sound signal sounds, while the parameters (50-60 kg s/cm2) are recorded on the pressure gauge of the device.

Check of serviceability of the device of additional air supply(bypass) is produced as follows:

Open the cylinder valve

· by smooth pressing the button of the lung machine open additional air supply and make sure that the device is in good condition by the characteristic sound of the air supply.

Checking the air pressure in the cylinder:

· The cylinder valve opens and the reading is fixed on the pressure gauge, which must be at least 24.5 MPa (260 kg s/cm2).

TTX PPE:

The principle of operation of breathing apparatus with compressed air, their technical characteristics.

The breathing apparatus is made according to an open circuit with exhalation into the atmosphere and operates as follows: when valve 1 is opened, high-pressure air enters from cylinder 2, into the high-pressure cavity A of the reducer 5, and after reduction into the reduced pressure cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in the cavity B regardless of the change in inlet pressure. In the event of a malfunction of the reducer and an increase in the reduced pressure, the safety valve 6 is activated. From the cavity B of the reducer, air enters through the hose 7 into the lung machine 8 of the device and through the hose 9 into the lung machine of the rescue device. The lung machine maintains a predetermined excess pressure in the cavity D. When inhaling, air from the cavity D of the lung machine is supplied to the cavity B of the mask 11. The air, blowing the glass 12, prevents it from fogging. Further, through the inhalation valves 13, the air enters the cavity G for breathing. When exhaling, the inhalation valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the glass. To exhale air into the atmosphere, the exhalation valve 14, located in the valve box 15, opens. To control the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 16 to the pressure gauge 17, and from the low-pressure cavity B through the hose 18 to the whistle 19 of the signaling device 20. When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, the whistle is turned on, a warning sound signal about the need to immediately exit to a safe area.

High pressure - up to 300 atm;

Reduced pressure - 4.5 - 9.0 atm;

Pressure in the mask space - 0.3 - 0.4 atm;

Sound signal operation - 60 +/- 10 atm;

Operation of the excess valve - 11-18 atm;

Operating time after the sound signal is triggered - 9 - 13 minutes;

The mass of the device is 7 - 12.5 kg. (depending on tank type).

When assessing "2" for one of the types of practice, theory credit is not allowed.

Firefighter's breathing apparatus- a modern, reliable means of individual protection of the organs of vision and respiration. Compressed air breathing apparatus is necessary to work in unbreathable gas environment that occurs during fires, accidents and other emergencies. Firefighter's breathing apparatus is used in the work of firefighters and rescuers of the fire service and other professional formations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, VGSO, emergency rescue services of industrial enterprises with potentially hazardous production, fire protection services of aviation enterprises, airports, emergency parties of sea and river vessels.

We bring to your attention a wide range of modern self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus manufactured by KAMPO JSC (Russia) and Interspiro (Sweden). Currently, the range of personal protective equipment for the organs of vision and breathing includes the following isolating breathing apparatus for compressed air:

AP "Omega"

App-para-rat is pre-designated for the use of parts of the State Fire Service, the Ministry of Emergencies, the VGSO, production-of-water-transfer-to-scrap and accident-but-spa-sa-tel-ny-mi...>>>

AP "Omega-S"

App-para-rat is pre-designated for professional-sio-nal-no-go use of parts of the Ministry of Emergencies, VGSO, production of water nym per-with-on-scrap and...>>>

Raz-ra-bo-tan on the os-no-ve dy-ha-tel-no-go ap-pa-ra-ta with compressed air-du-home AP "Ome-ga" special-ci-al- but for ra-bo-you in the shi-ro-com dia-pa-zone tem-pe-ra-tour: from ...>>>

It is intended for protecting the organs of vision and breathing of a person from the harmful effects of the unsuitable for breathing tok-sich-noy and ...>>>

In the breath-ha-tel-nom app-pa-ra-te with compressed air-du-hom "Spi-ro-guide" re-a-li-zo-va-ny but-va-tor-sky times -ra-bot-ki in the region of dy-ha-tel-noy ap-pa-ra-tu-ry...>>>

Poster sets

Pre-la-ga-em Va-she-mu pay attention to the set of plates for AP Ome-ga-S, AP Omega-ga, AP-98-7KM. Set consists of three...>>>

The range of compressed air breathing apparatus for firefighters has been designed to meet the needs of both demanding professionals and non-professional users. We can offer you breathing apparatus with compressed air, which have a number of distinctive features:

  • High security thanks to a well-thought-out design, modern durable and non-combustible materials, improved components of the device
  • Ease of use due to the least weight of the device (lightweight anatomical suspension system, the ability to connect light metal-composite cylinders), thoughtful arrangement of all components of breathing apparatus.
  • Ease of maintenance- interchangeability of units of the apparatus, ease of replacement of cylinders, dismantling / installation of the system, there is no need for adjustment and adjustment during the operation of the breathing apparatus.
  • Wide range of additional options- work in a hose version, the ability to quickly recharge devices using the "quick fill" device and much more.

A compressed air breathing apparatus is a self-contained insulating reservoir apparatus in which the supply of air is stored in cylinders in a compressed state. The breathing apparatus operates according to an open breathing scheme, in which air is taken from the cylinders for inhalation, and exhalation is made into the atmosphere (Fig. 3.4).

Compressed air breathing apparatus is designed to protect the respiratory organs and eyesight of firefighters from the harmful effects of an unbreathable environment when extinguishing fires and performing emergency rescue operations.

The air supply system provides the person working in the device with a pulsed air supply. The volume of each portion of air depends on the frequency of breathing and the magnitude of the rarefaction during inspiration.

The air supply system of the apparatus consists of a lung machine and a reducer; it can be single-stage, gearless and two-stage. A two-stage air supply system can be made of one structural element that combines a gearbox and a lung machine, or two separate ones.

Breathing apparatus, depending on the climatic version, are divided into breathing apparatus general purpose, designed for use at ambient temperatures from -40 to +60 ° C, relative humidity up to 95%, and special

Rice. 3.4.

values, designed for use at ambient temperatures from -50 to +60 ° C and relative humidity up to 95%.

The respiratory apparatus must be able to work in breathing modes characterized by the performance of loads: from relative rest (pulmonary ventilation 12.5 dm 3 /min) to very hard work (pulmonary ventilation 100 dm 3 /min), at an ambient temperature of -40 to + 60 °C, as well as ensure operability after being in an environment with a temperature of 200 °C for 60 s. The breathing apparatus includes:

  • - Breathe-helping machine;
  • - rescue device (if any);
  • - spare parts kit;
  • - operational documentation for DAVS (operating manual and passport);
  • - operational documentation for the cylinder (operating manual and passport);
  • - instructions for use of the front part.

The generally accepted working pressure in domestic and foreign

DAWP is 29.4 MPa.

The shape and overall dimensions of the breathing apparatus must correspond to the physique of a person, be combined with protective clothing, a helmet and equipment of a gas and smoke protector, provide convenience when performing all types of work on a fire (including when moving through narrow hatches and manholes with a diameter of 800 ± 50 mm, crawling, on all fours, etc.).

The breathing apparatus must be designed in such a way that it is possible to put it on after turning it on, as well as to remove and move the breathing apparatus without turning it off when moving through tight spaces.

The reduced center of mass of the breathing apparatus should be no further than 30 mm from the sagittal plane of the person. The sagittal plane is a conditional line that symmetrically divides the human body longitudinally into the right and left halves.

The total capacity of the balloon (with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min) must provide a conditional time of protective action (PVZD) of at least 60 minutes, and the mass of DASA should be no more than 16.0 kg with PVZD equal to 60 min and not more than 18.0 kg at HPV equal to 120 min.

The main technical characteristics of breathing apparatus with compressed air are given in Table. 3.4.

The composition of DAVS (see Fig. 3.4) includes: a frame / or a back with a suspension system consisting of shoulder, end and waist belts with buckles for adjusting and fixing the breathing apparatus on the human body; balloon with valve 2 , reducer with safety valve 3 , collector 4, connector 5, lung machine 7 with air hose 6, front part with intercom and exhalation valve 8, capillary tube 9 with buzzer, pressure gauge with high pressure hose 10, rescue device 11, spacer 2.

In modern devices, in addition, the following are used: a shut-off device for the pressure gauge line; rescue device connected to a breathing apparatus; fitting for connecting a rescue device or an artificial lung ventilation device; fitting for quick refueling of cylinders with air; a safety device located on a valve or a cylinder to prevent an increase in pressure in the cylinder above 35.0 MPa; light and vibration signaling devices, emergency gear, computer.

Suspension system of the respiratory apparatus - a component of the apparatus, consisting of a backrest, a system of belts (shoulder and waist) with buckles for adjusting and fixing the respiratory apparatus on the human body.

The suspension system prevents the firefighter from being exposed to the heated or cooled surface of the cylinder. It allows the firefighter to put on the breathing apparatus and adjust its fastening quickly, easily and without assistance. The system of breathing apparatus belts is supplied with devices for adjusting their length and degree of tension. All devices for adjusting the position



Rice. 3.5. Breathing apparatus PTS "Profi": a- general form; b- main parts

breathing apparatus (buckles, carabiners, fasteners, etc.) are made in such a way that the belts are firmly fixed after adjustment. The adjustment of the suspension system belts should not be disturbed during the apparatus change.

The suspension system of the breathing apparatus (Fig. 3.6) consists of a plastic back /; belt systems: shoulder (2), end (2), fastened to the back with buckles 4, belt (5) with a quick-release adjustable buckle.

Lodgements 6, 8 serve as a support for the balloon. The balloon is fixed with a balloon strap 7 with a special buckle.

Parameter

AP-2000 (AP "Omega")

Number of cylinders, pcs.

Cylinder capacity, l

Working pressure in the cylinder,

MPa (kgf/cm2)

Reduced pressure at zero flow, MPa (kgf/cm2)

0,55...0,75 (5,5...7,5)

0,5...0,9 (5...9)

0,5...0,9 (5...9)

Activation pressure of the safety valve of the reducer, MPa (kgf/cm2)

1,2...1,4 (12...14)

1,1-1,8 (11... 18)

1,1 .1,8 (11...18)

The conditional time of the protective action of the apparatus during pulmonary ventilation is 30 dm3 / min, min, not less than

At a temperature:

25 °С - 60 min, 50 °С - 42 min

Actual inspiratory breathing resistance with pulmonary ventilation 30 dm3/min, min,

Pa (mm water column), no more

300...350 (30...35)

350...450 (35...45)

Excessive pressure in the submask space at zero air flow, Pa (mm w.c.)

300...450 (30...45)

200...400 (20...40)

200...400 (20...40)

Alarm device actuation pressure, MPa (kgf/cm2)

5,3...6,7 (63...67)

5,5...6,8 (55...68)

4,9...6,3(49...63)

Overall dimensions, mm, no more

700 x 320 x 220

Weight of equipped vehicle (without rescue device), kg, no more

Table 3.4

Main technical characteristics of domestic DAS

PST "Standard"

PTS "Profi"

0,55...1,10 (5,5...11,0)

0,7...0,85 (7...8,5)

0,7...0,85 (7...8,5)

0,6...0,9 (6...9)

0,7...0,85 (7...8,5)

1,2...2,2 (12...22)

1,2...1,4 (12...14)

1,2...2,0 (12...20)

1,2...1,4 (12...14)

350...450 (35...45)

150...350 (15...35)

420...460 (42...46)

300...450 (30...45)

420...460 (42...46)

5,0...6,0 (50...60)

5,0...6,0 (50...60)

5,0...6,2 (50...62)

290...400 (29...40)

5,0...6,0(50...60)

Rice. 3.6.

The cylinder is designed to store the working supply of compressed air. Depending on the model of the apparatus, metal, metal-composite cylinders can be used (Table 3.5).

Cylinders have a cylindrical shape with hemispherical or semi-elliptical bottoms (shells).

A conical or metric thread is cut in the neck, along which a shut-off valve is screwed into the cylinder. On the cylindrical part of the cylinder, the inscription "AIR 29.4 MPa" is applied.

The valve (Fig. 3.7) consists of a body /, tube 2 , valve 3 with insert, breadcrumbs 4 , spindle 5, gland nuts 6, handwheel 7, springs 8, nuts 9 and plugs 10.

The cylinder valve is made in such a way that it is impossible to completely unscrew its spindle, eliminating the possibility of its accidental closing during operation. It must maintain tightness in both the "Open" and "Closed" positions. The valve-cylinder connection is sealed.

The cylinder valve withstands at least 3000 opening and closing cycles. The valve fitting for connection to the reducer uses a 5/8 internal pipe thread.

The tightness of the valve is ensured by washers 11 and 12. washers 12 and 13 reduce friction between the spindle shoulder, handwheel end and gland nut ends when the handwheel is rotated.

The tightness of the valve at the junction with the cylinder with a conical thread is ensured by a fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM-2), with a metric thread - by a rubber O-ring 14.

Specifications of Air Cylinders

Designation

Cylinder capacity, l, not less than

Mass of a cylinder with a valve, kg, no more

Overall dimensions of a cylinder with a valve, mm (diameter x height)

Balloon material

Steel

TU 14-4-903-80

metal composite; liner - stainless steel

Metal composite with aluminum liner

Metal o composite with steel liner

Lightweight metal composite with aluminum liner

BK-U-ZOOA-U

SUPER ULTRA

SUPER PREMIUM

Rice. 3.7.

a - with tapered thread W19.2; b - with cylindrical thread M18 x 1.5

When the handwheel is rotated clockwise, the valve, moving along the thread in the valve body, is pressed by the insert against the seat and closes the channel through which air enters the breathing apparatus from the cylinder. When the handwheel is rotated counterclockwise, the valve moves away from the seat and opens the channel.

The collector (Fig. 3.8) is designed to connect two cylinders of the apparatus to the reducer. It consists of a body / in which fittings are mounted 2. The manifold is connected to the cylinder valves with couplings 3. The tightness of the joints is ensured by sealing rings 4 and 5.

Rice. 3.8.

The reducer in breathing apparatus performs two functions: it reduces the high air pressure to an intermediate set value

and provides a constant supply of air and pressure after the reducer within the specified limits with a significant change in pressure in the cylinder. The most widespread are three types of gearboxes: leverless direct and reverse action and lever direct action.

In direct acting gearboxes, high pressure air tends to open the reducer valve, in reverse acting gearboxes it closes it. A leverless gearbox is simpler in design, but a lever gearbox has a more stable outlet pressure adjustment.

In recent years, piston reducers have been used in breathing apparatus, i.e. gears with balanced piston. The advantage of such a gearbox is that it is highly reliable as it has only one moving part. The operation of the piston reducer is carried out in such a way that the pressure ratio at the outlet of the reducer is usually 10:1, i.e. if the pressure in the cylinder is from 20.0 to 2.0 MPa, then the reducer supplies air at a constant intermediate pressure of 2.0 MPa. When the cylinder pressure drops below this intermediate pressure, the valve remains open permanently and the breathing apparatus operates as a single stage until the air in the cylinder is depleted.

The first stage of the air supply device is a reducer. As shown by the comparative tests of the devices, the secondary pressure created by the reducer should be as constant as possible, independent of the pressure in the cylinder, and be 0.5 MPa. The throughput of the pressure reducing valve must fully and under any kind of load provide two working people with air without increasing breathing resistance during inhalation.

In the steady state of operation of the gearbox, its valve is in balance under the action of the elastic force of the control spring, which tends to open the valve, and the pressure of the reduced air on the membrane, the elastic force of the locking spring and the air pressure from the cylinder, which tend to close the valve.

The reducer (Fig. 3.9) of a piston, balanced type is designed to convert high air pressure in the cylinder to a constant reduced pressure in the range of 0.7 ... 0.85 MPa. It consists of a body 7 with an eyelet 2 for attaching the gearbox to the apparatus frame, inserts 3 with sealing rings 4 and 5, pressure reducing valve seats including body 6 and insert 7, pressure reducing valve 8 , on which with a nut 9 and washers 10 fixed piston 77 with rubber o-ring 12, working springs 13 and 14, adjusting nuts 15, the position of which in the housing is fixed with a screw 76.

A lining 77 is put on the gearbox housing to prevent contamination. The gearbox housing has a fitting 18 s sealing ring 79 and screw 20 for connecting the capillary and fitting 21

for connecting a low pressure connector or hose. The fitting is screwed into the gearbox housing 22 with nut 23 for connection to the cylinder valve. A filter is installed in the nozzle 24, fixed by screw 25. The tightness of the connection of the fitting with the body is ensured by the sealing ring 26. The tightness of the connection of the cylinder valve with the reducer is ensured by the sealing ring 27.

The design of the gearbox provides a safety valve, which consists of a valve seat 28, valve 29, springs 30, guide 31 and lock nuts 32, fixing the position of the guide. The valve seat is screwed into the reducer piston. The tightness of the connection is ensured by the sealing ring 33.

The reducer works as follows. In the absence of air pressure in the reducer system, the piston 11 under the action of springs 13 and 14 moves with the pressure reducing valve 8, removing its conical part from insert 7.

When the cylinder valve is open, high pressure air enters through the filter 25 by fitting 22 into the cavity of the gearbox and creates a pressure under the piston, the value of which depends on the degree of compression of the springs. In this case, the piston, together with the reducing valve, is mixed, compressing the springs until a balance is established between the air pressure on the piston and the spring compression force and the gap between the insert and the conical part of the reducing valve is closed.

When you inhale, the pressure under the piston decreases, the piston with the pressure reducing valve will mix under the action of the springs, creating a gap

between the insert and the conical part of the pressure reducing valve, ensuring the flow of air under the piston and further into the lung machine. Nut rotation 15 it is possible to change the degree of compression of the springs, and, consequently, the pressure in the cavity of the gearbox, at which an equilibrium occurs between the compression force of the springs and the air pressure on the piston.

The safety valve of the reducer is designed to protect against the destruction of the low pressure line in case of failure of the reducer.

The safety valve works as follows. During normal operation of the reducer and reduced pressure within the specified limits, the valve insert 29 spring force 30 pressed against the valve seat 28. When the reduced pressure in the reducer cavity increases as a result of its malfunction, the valve, overcoming the resistance of the spring, moves away from the seat, and the air from the reducer cavity escapes into the atmosphere.

When rotating the guide 31 the degree of compression of the spring changes and, accordingly, the amount of pressure at which the safety valve operates. The gearbox adjusted by the manufacturer must be sealed to prevent unauthorized access to it.

The value of the reduced pressure must be maintained for at least three years from the date of adjustment and verification.

The safety valve must prevent the supply of high pressure air to parts operating at reduced pressure in the event of a gearbox failure.

The adapter (fig. 3.10) is intended for connection to the reducer of the lung governed demand valve and rescue device. It consists of a triple 1 and connector 2, interconnected by a hose 4, which is fixed on fittings with caps 5. The tightness of the connection between the adapter and the gearbox is ensured by a sealing ring 6. In connector housing 3 a bushing 7 is screwed in, on which the assembly for fixing the fitting of the rescue device is mounted, consisting of a clip 8, balls 9, bushings 10, springs 11, corps 12, sealing rings 13 and valve 14.

9 17 11 12 3 18 16 13 2 5 4 1


When connected to the connector, the end of the fitting of the rescue device, resting against the cuff 17 and overcoming the resistance of the spring 11, diverts valve 14 with sealing ring 13 from the saddle 15 and provides air supply from the reducer to the rescue device. The annular protrusion of the fitting at the same time displaces the sleeve inside the connector 10 ; while the balls 9, out of contact with the sleeve 10, enter the annular groove of the fitting of the rescue device. Released Clip 8 under the influence of a spring 19 moves and fixes the balls in the annular groove of the fitting of the rescue device, thus ensuring the necessary reliability of the connection between the fitting and the connector.

To disconnect the hose fitting of the rescue device, simultaneously press the hose union of the rescue device and move the clip. In this case, the fitting will be pushed out of the connector by the force of the spring. 11, and the valve will close.

The lung machine (Fig. 3.11) is the second stage of reduction of the respiratory apparatus. It is designed to automatically supply air for the user's breathing and maintain excess pressure in the undermask space. Lung machines can use valves of direct (air pressure under the valve) and reverse (air pressure on the valve) action.

Rice. 3.11.

The lung governed demand valve consists of a body / with a nut 2, valve seats with sealing ring 4 and locknut 5, shield 6, fixed with screw 7. Lever 9 with springs is installed in cover # 10, 11. Retainer 12 made as a single unit with the cover. Lid with valve body and membrane 13 hermetically connected with a clamp 14 with a screw 15 and nuts 16. The valve seat consists of a lever 17, fixed on the axis 18, flange 19, valve 20, springs 21 and washers 22, secured with a retaining ring 23.

The lung machine works as follows. valve in rest position 20 pinned to the saddle 3 spring 21, membrane 13 fixed with a lever 9 on the latch 12.

At the first breath, a vacuum is created in the submembrane cavity, under the action of which the membrane with the lever breaks off the latch and, bending, acts through the lever 17 on the valve 20, which leads to its distortion. Air from the reducer enters the resulting gap between the seat and the valve. Spring 10, acting through the lever on the membrane and the valve, it creates and maintains a predetermined excess pressure in the submembrane cavity. In this case, the pressure on the membrane of the air coming from the reducer increases until it balances the force of the overpressure spring. At this moment, the valve is pressed against the seat and blocks the air flow from the gearbox.

The lung machine and the additional air supply device are switched on by pressing the control lever in the “On” direction.

The lung machine is switched off by pressing the control lever in the "Off" direction.

The device may include a rescue device.

The rescue device consists of an approximately two-meter hose, at one end of which a bracket is attached for connection (for example, bayanette) with a T-shaped connector. A lung machine is connected to the other end of the hose. As the front part, a helmet-mask or an artificial lung ventilation device is used.

The breathing air for the firefighter and the victim comes from the same breathing apparatus.

When working in a breathing apparatus, the T-shaped connector can be used to connect to an external source of compressed air, carry out rescue operations, evacuate people from a smoky area and provide the worker with air in hard-to-reach places. The rescue device uses a lung machine without excess pressure.

Connections for connecting the lung machine of the main front part (if any) and the rescue device must be quick-disconnect (of the “Euro-coupling” type), easily accessible, and not interfere with work. Spontaneous shutdown of the lung machine and rescue device must be excluded. Free connectors must have protective caps.

The front part (mask) (Fig. 3.12) is designed to protect the respiratory and vision organs from the effects of a toxic and smoky environment and connect the human respiratory tract with the lung machine.

Rice. 3.12.

The mask consists of 7 body with glass 2, fixed with half-rings 3 screws 4 with nuts 5, intercom 6, fixed with clamp 7, and valve box 8, into which the lung machine is screwed. The valve box is attached to the body with a clamp 9 with screw 10. The tightness of the connection between the lung machine and the valve box is provided by a sealing ring. An exhalation valve is installed in the valve box 13 with hard disk 14, overpressure spring 15, saddle 16 and lid 17.

The mask is attached to the head with a headband. 18, consisting of interconnected straps: frontal 19, two temporal 20 and two occipital 21, buckled to the body 22 and 23.

mask holder 24 with inhalation valves 25 attached to the mask body with the help of the intercom body and the bracket 26, and to the valve box - a cover 27.

The headband is used to fix the mask on the user's head. To ensure the fit of the mask to size, the headband straps have serrated protrusions that lock into the body buckles. Buckles 22, 23 allow quick adjustment of the mask directly on the head.

To wear the mask around the neck, a neck strap is attached to the lower buckles of the front part. 28.

When inhaling, air from the submembrane cavity of the lung machine enters the cavity under the mask and through the inhalation valves - into the mask. In this case, the panoramic glass of the mask is blown, which eliminates its fogging.

When exhaling, the inspiratory valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the mask glass. The exhaled air from the undermask space is released into the atmosphere through the exhalation valve. The spring compresses the exhalation valve to the seat with a force that allows maintaining a predetermined overpressure in the undermask space of the mask.

The intercom provides the transmission of the user's speech when the mask is worn on the face and consists of a body 29, pressure ring 30, membranes 31 and nuts 32.

The capillary tube is used to connect a signaling device with a pressure gauge to the reducer and consists of two fittings connected by a high-pressure spiral tube soldered into them.

An alarm device (Fig. 3.13) is a device designed to give a working sound signal that the main supply of air in the breathing apparatus has been used up and only a reserve reserve remains.

To control the consumption of compressed air when working in breathing apparatus, pressure gauges are used, both permanently located on cylinders (ASV-2) and remote, mounted on a shoulder strap.

Rice. 3.13.

To signal the decrease in air pressure in the cylinders of the apparatus to a predetermined value, minimum pressure indicators are used.

The principle of operation of indicators is based on the interaction of two forces - the air pressure force in the cylinders and the spring force opposing it. The pointer is triggered when the gas pressure force becomes less than the spring force. In breathing apparatus, three designs of indicators are used: rod, physiological and sound.

Stock pointer The device is installed directly on the gearbox housing, on the hose, on the shoulder strap. When controlling pressure, the position of the stem is felt by hand.

The pointer is cocked by pressing the button of the rod before opening the valve of the apparatus. When the pressure in the cylinders drops to the set minimum, the rod returns to its original position.

The physiological indicator, or reserve air supply valve, in various designs is a locking device with a movable locking part. The locking part has a spring to hold the valve against the seat. When the pressure in the cylinders is above the minimum, the spring is compressed and the valve is raised above the seat. At the same time, the air freely passes through the ma-

hystrals. When the pressure drops to the minimum, the valve, under the action of a spring, falls on the seat and closes the passage. A sharply occurring lack of air for breathing serves as a physiological signal about the consumption of air to the minimum (reserve) pressure.

buzzer most common in compressed air breathing apparatus. It is mounted in the reducer housing or combined with a pressure gauge on the high pressure line. The design principle of the work is similar to the stock indicator. When the air pressure in the cylinders drops, the rod moves, and the air supply to the whistle opens, which makes a characteristic sound.

The operation of the sound signal according to standards, both European and domestic, should be at the level of 5 MPa or 20-25% of the air supply in the equipped cylinder. The duration of the signal must be at least 60 s. The volume of the sound should be at least 10 dB higher than that of a fire. The sound must be easily distinguishable from other sounds without compromising other sensitive or important operating functions.

The signaling device (Fig. 3.13) consists of a housing /, pressure gauge 2 with cladding 3 and gasket 4, bushings 5, bushings 6 with sealing ring 7, whistle 8 with locknut 9, casing 10, sealing rings 11, shtochka 12, bushings 13 with sealing ring 14, nuts 15 with locknut 16, springs 17, plugs 18 with sealing ring 19, sealing rings 20 and nuts 21.

The signaling device works as follows. When the cylinder valve is open, high-pressure air enters through the capillary into the Aik cavity to the pressure gauge. The manometer shows the amount of air pressure in the cylinder. From cavity A, high-pressure air through a radial hole in the sleeve 13 enters the cavity B. The rod under the action of high air pressure moves to the stop in the sleeve 5, compressing the spring. In this case, both outlets of the oblique hole of the rod are located behind the sealing ring 7.

As the pressure in the cylinder decreases and, accordingly, the pressure on the stem shank, the spring will move the stem to the nut 15. When the exit of the oblique hole in the rod closest to the sealing ring 7 is mixed behind the sealing ring, air under reduced pressure through the channel in the housing 1, the oblique hole in the rod and the hole in the sleeve 5 enters the whistle, causing a steady sound signal. With a further drop in air pressure, both outlets of the oblique hole in the rod move beyond the sealing ring, and the air supply to the whistle stops.

Adjustment of the pressure of the alarm device is carried out by moving the whistle along the thread in the body. In this case, the sleeve 5 is moved with the sleeve 6 and O-ring 7.

Security questions for chapter 3

  • 1. Name the device of the breathing apparatus with compressed air.
  • 2. Tell us about the purpose and technical characteristics of domestic DAS.
  • 3. Describe the principle of operation of AHSA.
  • 4. Appointment of hose breathing apparatus.

Questions for self-study

Study the device and principle of operation of a breathing apparatus with compressed air.

  • Complete with rescue device. Depending on modification. Cylinder capacity, overall dimensions and weight of the equipped apparatus are determined depending on the model.

Rice. 1. Scheme of preparation and admission of gas and smoke protectors to work in RPE

In addition, personnel admitted by the military medical (medical) commission to use RPE are required to undergo an annual medical examination.

Personnel from among the gas and smoke protectors undergo certification in the manner prescribed by the rules for attestation of personnel of the State Fire Service for the right to work in personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs (Appendix 1).

The training of personnel in order to obtain the qualification (specialty) of a senior master (master) of the GDZS is organized by the territorial bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia in training centers, in the prescribed manner. Personnel temporarily acting as full-time senior masters (masters) of the GDZS must have appropriate training.

The admission of personnel who have completed training to perform duties as a senior foreman (master) of the GDZS is issued by order of the territorial body of the EMERCOM of Russia.

For practical training of gas and smoke protectors for work in RPE in an environment unsuitable for breathing, each local fire brigade garrison should be equipped with heat and smoke chambers (smoke chambers) or training complexes, as well as firing lanes for the psychological training of firefighters.

2. BREATHING APPARATUS WITH COMPRESSED AIR

2.1. Appointment of breathing apparatus

A breathing apparatus with compressed air is an insulating reservoir apparatus in which a supply of air is stored in cylinders in a pressurized state in a compressed state. The breathing apparatus operates according to an open breathing scheme, in which air is taken from the cylinders for inhalation, and exhalation is made into the atmosphere.

Breathing apparatus with compressed air are designed to protect the respiratory organs and eyesight of firefighters from the harmful effects of an unbreathable, toxic and smoky gaseous environment when extinguishing fires and performing rescue operations.

2.2. Main performance characteristics

Consider the AP-2000 breathing apparatus, which operates according to an open breathing scheme (inhalation from the apparatus - exhalation into the atmosphere) and is intended for:

protection of respiratory organs and human vision from the harmful effects of a toxic and smoky gaseous environment when extinguishing fires and emergency rescue operations in buildings, structures and industrial facilities; evacuation of the victim from an area with unbreathable gas

environment when used with a rescue device.

The technical characteristics of the device and its components comply with the requirements of fire safety standards NPB-165-2001, NPB-178-99, NPB-190-2000.

The device is operational at air pressure in the cylinder (cylinders) from 1.0 to 29.4 MPa (from 10 to 300 kgf/cm2). In the undermask space of the front part* of the apparatus, during breathing, excess pressure is maintained with lung ventilation up to 85 l/min and the ambient temperature range from -40 to +60 °C.

Excessive pressure in the undermask space at zero air flow - (300 ± 100) Pa ((30 ± 10) mm of water column).

The time of the protective action of the apparatus with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l / min (moderate work) corresponds to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. one.

Table 1

Time of protective action of the apparatus AP-2000 Standard**

Balloon parameters

protective

Technical

Warranty,

actions,

device,

characteristics,

l/kgf/cm2

Steel

metal composite

metal composite

metal composite

metal composite

The volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the inhaled mixture is not more than 1.5%.

* The front part of the device is a full-face panoramic mask, hereinafter referred to as the mask.

**AP-2000 Standard - complete with mask PM-2000 and lung machine AP2000

The actual resistance to breathing on exhalation during the entire time of the protective action of the device and with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min (moderate work) does not exceed: 350 Pa (35 mm of water column) - at an ambient temperature of +25 °C; 500 Pa (50 mm w.g.) - at an ambient temperature of -40 °C.

Air consumption during operation of the additional supply device (bypass) - not less than 70 l / min in the non-pressure range from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf / cm2).

The valve of the lung machine of the rescue device opens at a vacuum of 50 to 350 Pa (from 5 to 35 mm of water column) at a flow rate of 10 l / min.

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus are sealed, and after closing the cylinder valve (cylinder valves), the pressure drop does not exceed 2.0 MPa (20 kgf/cm) per minute.

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus with the connected rescue device are hermetic, and after closing the cylinder valve (cylinder valves), the pressure drop does not exceed 1.0 MPa (10 kgf/cm2) per minute.

The air duct system of the device with a connected rescue device is sealed, while creating a vacuum and overpressure of 800 Pa (80 mm of water column), the pressure change in it does not exceed 50 Pa (5 mm of water column) per minute.

The alarm device is triggered when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 6–0.5 MPa (60–5 kgf/cm2), while the signal sounds for at least 60 seconds.

The sound pressure level of the signaling device (when measured directly at the sound source) is at least 90 dBA. In this case, the frequency response of the sound created by the signaling device is in the pre-

cases 800 ... 4000 Hz.

Air consumption during operation of the signaling device - no more than 5 l / min. The cylinder valve is tight in the "Open" and "Closed" positions when

all tank pressures.

The valve is operational for at least 3000 opening and closing cycles.

The pressure at the outlet of the reducer (without flow) is:

not more than 0.9 MPa (9 kgf/cm2) at pressure in the cylinder of the apparatus 27.45...29.4

MPa (280...300 kgf/cm2);

not less than 0.5 MPa (5 kgf / cm2) at a pressure in the cylinder of the device 1.5 MPa

(15 kgf/cm2).

The safety valve of the reducer opens when the pressure at the outlet of the reducer is not more than 1.8 MPa (18 kgf/cm2).

Cylinders of the apparatus withstand at least 5000 loading cycles (fillings) between zero and working pressure.

The term for re-examination of the cylinders of the apparatus is: 3 years for metal-composite cylinders; 5 years for a steel cylinder SNPP "SPLAV";

6 years (primary), 5 years - subsequent for the company's steel cylinder

The service life of the cylinders of the apparatus is: 16 years for steel "FABER";

11 years for the steel GNPP "SPLAV";

10 years for metal-composite CJSC NPP Mashtest;

15 years for metal composite "LUXFER LCX". The average service life of the apparatus is 10 years. The mass of the mask does not exceed 0.7 kg.

According to the type of climatic version, the device belongs to the version of the location category 1 according to GOST 15150-96, but is designed for use at an ambient temperature of -40 to +60 ° C, relative humidity up to 100%, atmospheric pressure from 84 to 133 kPa (from 630 to 997.5 mm Hg).

The device is resistant to aqueous solutions of surface-active substances (surfactants).

Mask, lung governed demand valve and rescue device are resistant to disinfectants used in sanitation:

rectified ethyl alcohol GOST 5262-80; aqueous solutions: hydrogen peroxide (6%), chloramine (1%), boric

acid (8%), potassium permanganate (0.5%).

2.3. The device and principle of operation of breathing apparatus

The basis of the apparatus (Fig. 2) is suspension system, which serves to mount all parts of the device on it and fasten it to the human body, including the base 14 , shoulder straps 1 , end straps 13 and waist belt 17 .

Rice. 2. Breathing apparatus AP-2000: 1 - shoulder straps; 2 - low pressure hose; 3 - balloon; 4 - signal device hose; 5 - whistle; 6 - housing of the signaling device; 7 - pressure gauge; 8 - nipple; 9 - high pressure hose; 10 - valve handwheel; 11 - rescue device lock; 12 - hose; 13 - trailer belts; 14 - base; 15 - belt; 16 - lock; 17 - waist belt

The following components of the device are mounted on the suspension system: cylinder with valve 3; gearbox (Fig. 3), fixed on base 14 with a bracket; a signaling device with a pressure gauge 7 , a body 6 , a whistle 5 and a hose 4 coming from the gearbox along the left shoulder strap; low pressure hose 2, laid along the right shoulder belt, connecting the gearbox with the lung machine (Fig. 4, 6); hose 12 with lock 11 for connecting the rescue device (Fig. 5) to the device, coming from the gearbox along the right side of the waist belt; high pressure hose 9 with a plug nipple 8 for recharging the device by bypass, coming from the gearbox along the left side of the waist belt.

For more convenient mounting of the device on the user's body, the suspension system provides for the possibility of adjusting the length of the straps.

To adjust the position of the shoulder straps, depending on the body size of the user, two groups of grooves are provided in the upper part of the base of the device.

Cylinder with valve is a container for storing a supply of compressed air suitable for breathing. The cylinder 3 (see Fig. 2) is tightly packed into the base 14 lodgement, while the upper part of the cylinder is fastened to the base with a belt 15 with a lock 16 having a latch that prevents accidental opening of the lock.

To protect against damage to the surface of metal-composite cylinders

and a cover can be applied to extend their service life. The cover is made of thick red fabric. A white reflective tape is sewn on the surface of the cover, which allows you to control the location of the user of the device in conditions of poor visibility.

signaling device designed to give an audible signal,

warning the user about reducing the air pressure in the cylinder to 5.5 ... 6.8 MPa (55 ... 68 kgf / cm2), and consists of a body 6 (see Fig. 2) and a whistle 5 and a pressure gauge 7 screwed into it. The manometer of the apparatus is designed to control the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder with the valve open.

The reducer (Fig. 3) is designed to reduce the pressure of compressed air

and feeding it to the lung machines of the device and the rescue device.

On the housing 1 of the gearbox there is a threaded fitting 3 with a handwheel 2 for connection with the cylinder valve.

The built-in safety valve 6 of the reducer protects the low-pressure cavity of the apparatus from an excessive increase in pressure at the outlet of the reducer.

The gearbox provides operation without adjustment during the entire service life and is not subject to disassembly. The reducer is sealed with sealing paste, in case of violation of the safety of the seals, claims to the operation of the reducer are not accepted by the manufacturer.

Depending on the configuration, the apparatus may include two types of masks: PM-2000 with lung machine 9V5.893.497 (option 1); "Pana Sil" made of neoprene or silicone with a rubber or mesh headband with lung machine 9B5.893.460 (option 2).

Rice. 3. Reducer: 1 - reducer housing; 2 - handwheel; 3 - threaded fitting; 4 - ring 9V8.684.909; 5 - cuff; 6 - safety valve; 7 - filling

The mask (Fig. 4) is designed to isolate the respiratory organs and human vision from the environment, supply air from the lung machine 6 for breathing through the inhalation valves 3 located in the mask 2 , and remove the exhaled air through the exhalation valve 8 into the environment.

Rice. 4. Mask PM-2000 with lung machine: 1 - mask body; 2 - mask holder; 3 - cla-

pans of inspiration; 4 - intercom; 5 - nut; 6 - lung machine; 7 - multifunctional button; 8 - exhalation valve; 9 - hose lung machine; 10 - strap; 11 - lock; 12 - headband straps; 13 - valve box cover

The mask body 1 has a built-in intercom 4 that provides the ability to transmit voice messages.

AT the design of the mask provides for the possibility of adjusting the length of the headband straps 12 .

Lung machine 6(Fig. 4) is designed to supply air to the internal cavity of the mask with excess pressure, as well as to turn on additional continuous air supply in case of failure of the lung machine or lack of air to the user. The lung machine is attached to the mask with the help of

I screw nuts with M45 × 3 thread.

rescue device(Fig. 5) is designed to protect the respiratory organs and eyesight of the injured person when he is rescued by the user of the apparatus and removed from the zone with a gaseous environment unsuitable for breathing.

The rescue device includes:

mask worn in the bag 1, which is the front part of the ShMP-1

height 2 GOST 12.4.166;

lung governed demand valve 2 with bypass button 2.1 and hose 3 .

The lung machine is attached to the mask using a nut 2.2 with a round thread

Loy 40×4.

Rice. 5. Rescue device: 1 -

mask; 2 - lung machine: 2.1 - bypass button;

2.2 - nut; 3 - hose

To connect the rescue device to the device, hose 12 with a quick-release lock is used (see Fig. 2), which the manufacturer installs on the device when ordering a rescue device. The design of the lock eliminates accidental undocking during operation.

In the absence of an order, plug 11 is installed on the gearbox (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Schematic diagram of the apparatus AP-2000: 1 - lung machine: 1.1 - valve;

1.2, 1.9, 1.10 - spring; 1.3 - ring; 1.4 - membrane; 1.5 - valve seat; 1.6 - support; 1.7 - stock; 1.8 - button; 1.11 - cover; 2 - mask: 2.1 - panoramic glass; 2.2 - inhalation valves; 2.3 - exhalation valve; 3 - balloon with valve: 3.1 - cylinder; 3.2 - valve; 3.3 - handwheel; 3.4 - ring 9v8.684.919; 4 - signaling device: 4.1 - pressure gauge; 4.2 - whistle; 4.3 - retaining ring; 4.4 - ring; 5 - rescue device: 5.1 - hose; 5.2 - lung machine; 5.3 - mask; 5.4 - bypass button; 5.5 - nipple; 6 - high pressure hose: 6.1 - ring; 7 - hose for connecting the rescue device: 7.1 - lock; 7.2 - sleeve; 7.3 - ball; 7.4 - valve; 8 - reducer: 8.1 - valve; 8.2 - spring; 8.3 - ring 9V8.684.909; nine - a hose with a plug-in nipple for recharging cylinders; 10 - lung machine hose; 11, 12 - traffic jams; A, B - cavities

Structurally, the lung machine of the rescue device differs from the lung machine of the device in the absence of the possibility of creating excess pressure and the type of thread for attaching to the mask.

Device for recharging the apparatus with air provides an opportunity

the ability to recharge the cylinder of the device by bypassing without interrupting the operation of the device.

The device includes a high-pressure hose 9 (see Fig. 2) with a plug-in nipple 8, which is installed on the device by the manufacturer when ordering a device for recharging, and a hose with a half-coupling for connecting to a high pressure source.

In the absence of an order for the device, plug 12 is installed on the gearbox (Fig. 6).

Device management(see Fig. 2) is carried out using the valve handwheel 10 .

The opening of the valve occurs when the handwheel is rotated counterclockwise until it stops.

To close the valve, the handwheel is rotated clockwise until it stops without much effort.

The activation of the mechanism of the lung machine with the valve open is carried out automatically - by the effort of the user's first breath.

Switching off the mechanism of the lung machine is carried out forcibly as follows: press the bypass button all the way, fix it for 1-2 s, then slowly release it.

The auxiliary air supply device (bypass) is turned on by gently pressing the bypass button and holding it in this position.

Air pressure control is carried out by pressure gauge 7, mounted on a hose 4, which is placed on the left shoulder strap of the suspension system. Gauge scale is photoluminescent for use in low light and in the dark.

On fig. 6. A schematic diagram of the apparatus AP-2000 is shown.

Before turning on the device, the valve (s) 3.2 is closed, the valve 8.1 of the gearbox 8 is opened by the force of the spring 8.2, the lung machine 1 is turned off by pressing the button 1.8 all the way.

When switched on, the user opens the valve(s) 3.2. Compressed air contained in the cylinder 3.1, through an open valve 3.2 enters the inlet of the gearbox 8. At the same time, air enters the signal device 4 through the high pressure hose 6 .

Under the action of air pressure coming from the inlet of the gearbox into cavity B, the spring 8.2 is compressed and the valve 8.1 closes. When air is taken through hose 9, the pressure in cavity B decreases and valve 8.1 opens by a certain amount under the action of spring 8.2.

An equilibrium state is established, in which air with a pressure reduced to a working value determined by the force of the spring 8.2 flows through the hose 9 to the inlet of the lung machine 1 and into the cavity of the hose 7 .

With the lung machine 1 turned off and the mask 2 removed from the user's face, the button latch 1.8 is engaged with the membrane 1.4, which is retracted to the extreme non-working position by the force of the spring 1.9 and does not touch the support 1.6, and the valve 1.1 is closed by the force of the spring 1.2. When the mask is put on the face during the first breath, a vacuum is formed in the cavity A of the lung machine 1. Under the action of the pressure difference, the membrane 1.4 flexes, jumps off the latch of the button 1.8 and goes into working condition. Under the force of the spring 1.10, the membrane 1.4 presses on the support 1.6 and deflects the valve 1.1 from the seat 1.5 through the stem 1.7.

If the lung machine fails or it is necessary to purge the submask space, the valve 1.1 is opened by pressing and holding the bypass button 1.8, while the air flows continuously. It should be remembered that the inclusion of additional continuous supply reduces the time of the protective action of the device.

The lung machine, using a spring 1.10 together with a spring-loaded exhalation valve 2.3 of the mask, creates an air flow with excess pressure, which first enters the panoramic glass 2.1, preventing it from fogging, and then through the inhalation valves 2.2 - for breathing.

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