At what temperature can you plaster: secrets of effective finishing. At what temperature can you plaster? At what temperature can plastering work be carried out?

At what temperature can you plaster?

Increased volumes construction work When constructing buildings, sometimes it is not possible to complete the construction cycle in warm weather. As a rule, in the summer they have time to build the foundation, erect the building frame and install the roof. Developers have a question at what temperature can they plaster outdoors and indoors. To ensure the quality of plaster, a number of requirements must be met. They are related to the performance of work during certain temperature and humidity, as well as using antifreeze additives. Let us dwell on these issues in detail.

Plastering walls in the cold season - determining parameters

The quality of plastering work carried out in winter depends on compliance with special requirements:

degree of air cooling indoors and outdoors;
permissible level of moisture concentration in the air;
preparing the wall surface to be treated;
application of special drying or heating conditions;
heating level of the cement mixture used;
humidity of walls to be plastered.

The requirements are changing. It depends on where the plastering is done.

In winter it is necessary to plaster, observing a number of additional requirements

When carrying out construction activities year-round plastering work can be carried out in various conditions:

inside a construction site. Plaster is applied to the previously prepared internal surface of main walls and partitions. Finishing work produced in heated and cold rooms;
from the outside of the building. Plastering in winter load-bearing walls front side of the building is usually done in windy weather, cold and high humidity air.

Depending on where the plastering work is performed, the conditions that guarantee the quality of the work change. finishing activities. Let's figure out at what temperature you can plaster the walls inside the building, as well as plaster the facade of the building.

Plastering in winter in an unheated room - conditions for performing work

As a result of finishing activities carried out in winter time indoors, can be reached high level quality.

Determining factors:

the minimum air temperature in the room is +8–+10 ⁰С. Carrying out work in the cold slows down the hydration of cement and can also cause cracking of the plaster when water crystallizes;

Premises requiring plastering are prepared in advance

Maximum temperature air environment no more than 30 ⁰С. Applying plaster with increased air heating causes the formation of cracks, drying out and loss of its strength;
maximum permissible level relative humidity no higher than 70%. The intensity of water evaporation during hardening of the plaster, as well as ensuring adhesion of the composition, depends on the concentration of moisture in the air;
the temperature of the plaster composition is +5–+8 ⁰С. This is achieved by preparing the plaster mixture in rooms equipped with heating devices, as well as by adding hot water when preparing the plaster composition.

When deciding on the possibility of plastering indoors, it is necessary to control the temperature of the following areas:

next to the external walls at a distance of 0.5 m from the base level;
in the ceiling part of the room where heated air rises.

Plastering activities indoors can be carried out regardless of the time of year. It is important to ensure that the building is maintained necessary conditions. Attention should be paid to the preparation of the premises where workers perform plastering.

Expert opinion: Temperature when you can plaster outside

Plastering work outdoors can be carried out without the use of special chemical anti-frost modifiers only up to zero degrees. Plastering a ceiling in summer is quite difficult, since at a ceiling temperature above +30⁰C the solution becomes fragile and cracks. The ideal temperature for applying plaster is +5...-+...15⁰С, so if time permits, it is better to carry out work in compliance temperature regime.

Dmitry Orlov

The following steps must be taken:

seal cracks around the perimeter of window and door frames;
thermally insulate and plaster slopes;
glaze window openings and install doors;
ensure a tight fit of frames and door panels;
insulate floors between floors;
block the path of cold air from the attic.

In winter, plastering can be done at average room temperatures at external walls at a height of 50 cm from the floor level not less than +8 °C

If the specified conditions are met, it is possible to ensure normal hardening of the composition and heat the room with minimal heat loss.

Heating methods to ensure drying of plaster

To maintain the temperature required for drying interior plaster, use various options warming up the air:

central heating;
stove heating

Create favorable temperature conditions possible by providing temporary heating using the following equipment:

air heaters;
air heaters.

Depending on the binder used in the plaster, the drying conditions and hardening time change:

compositions containing lime and gypsum filler dry for two weeks. Ventilation of the room must be done several times throughout the day;
cement mixtures are characterized by an accelerated hardening period and acquire hardness at high humidity within one week.

Application various ways heating the room provides favorable conditions for drying the plaster, which in warm conditions acquires performance characteristics.

The room is not ventilated, because... the solution needs moist air

Winter plaster – facade finishing using anti-frost additives

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Answering the question at what temperature can you plaster? outside building, we inform you that the following options are possible:

without the use of special additives it is allowed to perform facade works at temperatures from 0 to +5 ⁰С. With further cooling, the water turns into ice;
entering into plaster composition chemical reagents, you can reduce the freezing threshold. This allows you to carry out external plastering work in frosts down to -20 ⁰C.

A prerequisite for the effective use of plasticizers is preheating the mixture.

In the cold season, facade work is carried out using plaster modified with the following anti-frost additives:

bleach;
potash;
aqueous ammonia solution.

Let us dwell in detail on the features of using each type of additive and permissible temperature conditions.

External plastering work at temperatures below -5 ° C is allowed only with solutions that contain chemical modifiers

To what temperature can a façade be plastered using chlorine water?

The introduction of mixtures based on water saturated with chlorine makes it possible to perform work at a temperature of -25 ⁰C.

Prepare the additive according to the following algorithm:

Heat the water, ensuring its temperature is 30–35 ⁰С.
Add bleach, keeping the proportion - 1.5 kg of lime per bucket of water.
Mix until the lime is completely dissolved.
Let the mixed mixture sit for one and a half hours.
Fill a container with the settled liquid and use as needed.

Remember the following important points:

Heating above 35 ⁰C is unacceptable, as chlorine may evaporate and reduce the anti-frost effect;
the use of a cloudy and not completely settled solution causes cracks in the plaster.

The given recipe is used to prepare solutions based on cement and other ingredients. This plaster allows you to work on surfaces made of wood, concrete and brick. To plaster the walls, a mixture of sand, cement and lime, taken in a ratio of 6:1:1, is prepared. When performing work, be sure to comply with safety requirements and use tools personal protection respiratory organs and open parts of the body.

In unheated rooms, as well as outside at sub-zero temperatures, plaster is prepared with chemical additives

At what temperature can you plaster the facade of a house with the addition of potash?

Used as an additive, potash is made from ash and is a white powdery fraction.

Features of the potash-based solution are:

anti-corrosion properties allowing its use for reinforced structures;
absence of salt stains on the plastered surface.

Based on the potash solution, mixtures are prepared in which, along with cement, clay and lime are present. The concentration of injected potash is determined by environmental conditions:

at minus 5 ⁰С, 1% by weight of dry ingredients is introduced;
when the temperature drops to minus 15 ⁰C, it is necessary to increase the concentration to 1.5%;
reducing the temperature to minus 20 ⁰С requires increasing the proportion of potash to 2%.

When dissolving potash, it is necessary to control the temperature of the solution, which should be positive (at 5 ⁰C). The prepared solution should be applied within an hour after mixing.

Is it possible to plaster a façade in winter by adding ammonia water to the solution?

Ammonia water is produced industrially and diluted on site to the required concentration. It is important to prevent the evaporation of ammonia, which turns into a vapor state when water is heated to + 5 ⁰C.

Depending on the concentration of ammonia in the solution, the proportions change:

using a 25% ammonia solution, you can prepare an additive with a 6% content by mixing the finished solution with water in a ratio of 1:3;
Using an ammonia water solution having a 15% concentration, you can prepare an additive by mixing the ammonia solution with water in a ratio of 1:1.5.

Using an ammonia water solution, you can perform work when the outside air is cooled to -25 ⁰C. In this case, it is important to use a mixture heated to +5 ⁰C.

Conclusion - is it possible to plaster in cold weather?

To summarize, we note that using anti-frost additives and following technological recommendations, you can carry out plastering work indoors and outdoors during the cold season. Professional advice will help you make the right decision.

It often happens that the process of building a building continues in winter. Therefore, the question at what temperature can be plastered becomes the most pressing.

But no less important is the question of how to properly plaster in such conditions and what rules should be followed. We will try to answer all this below.

Conditions and preparatory work

In winter it is necessary to plaster, observing a number of additional standards. Wall humidity should not be higher than 8%. Plastering door and window slopes, niches and some others structural elements buildings subject to rapid cooling should be plastered before the onset of winter. When working with the solution, the solution must have a temperature of +8° and above.

This is only possible when the bunkers and mortar pipelines (with machine plastering) are insulated, and the temperature in the rooms is kept at a level of +10°.

The result of plastering work in an unheated room

External plastering work at temperatures below -5° is permitted only with solutions that contain chemical modifiers, giving them the ability to harden in the cold and achieve design strength. You can also work with solutions containing ground quicklime.

Walls built using the freezing method can be plastered if the wall on the work side has thawed to a depth of at least half of it. The use of heated water to speed up the process of heating walls and removing ice from them is strictly prohibited.

The premises that need to be plastered are prepared in advance. Be sure to caulk the cracks between the windows, door frames and the slopes are plastered with the walls. The windows are glazed. The doors are installed and closed tightly. Interfloor and attic floors insulated.

In winter, plastering can be done at an average temperature in rooms near external walls at a height of 50 cm from the floor level of at least +8°.

The temperature near the ceiling should not exceed +30°. At higher temperatures, the solution quickly dries out, cracks and loses strength.

Heating and drying

Heater for drying plaster

Materials based on different binders dried differently. Lime plasters require a small amount of carbon dioxide to dry and harden. Drying them using the accelerated method is contraindicated: the plaster becomes fragile and cracks badly.

Lime, lime-gypsum finishes take about 10/14 days to dry. The room should be ventilated two to three times a day. Cement, cement-lime mortars are dried for 6/7 days.

The room is not ventilated, because... the solution needs moist air. When drying plasters from complex mixtures, you need to focus on the main binder.

The best heating for normal hardening of plaster is central. If it as well stove heating No, it’s a temporary arrangement.

If the volume of work is large, air heaters are used. They dry the plaster for about 6/8 days at a temperature of +30°. As soon as it dries to a humidity of 8%, the room temperature is set to +8°, so the walls do not cool down and become covered with damp spots.

You can also use air heaters. The installation kit includes the heater itself with a firebox, a blower unit with centrifugal fan, which forces hot gas through pipes, a set of pipes and another fan that forces air.

Solutions with antifreeze additives

To the question: is it possible to plaster in cold weather, the answer is simple.

In unheated rooms, as well as outside at sub-zero temperatures, plaster is made using solutions with chemical additives.

Chlorine water

For external work, mixtures are used that are mixed with chlorinated water. They can work at temperatures down to -25°.

To prepare the additive, pour water into the boiler and heat to +35°. Next, add bleach to it at the rate of 15 kg per 100 liters of water. Stir the mixture until the lime is completely dissolved. The resulting milk should sit for 1/1.5 hour.

Next, drain the sludge into a supply container and use as needed. The composition cannot be heated above +35°, otherwise the chlorine will evaporate. It is prohibited to use chlorinated water that has not settled; if turbidity gets into the plaster, it will crack.

This additive can be used to make cement and complex mortars and plaster brick, concrete and wooden surfaces with them. Other types of plaster cannot be used on it.

For cinder block, brick and wooden walls it is necessary to use the following chlorinated mixtures: cement + lime + sand in a ratio of 1/1/6 or cement + clay with slag + sand in a ratio of 1/1.5/6. Concrete is plastered cement-sand mortar in proportion 1/3.

Attention! When working with chlorine mixtures, wear a respirator, canvas overalls, rubberized gloves, an apron and boots. After drying, such solutions are harmless, because the chlorine gradually evaporates from them.

Potash

Solutions with potash additive do not form efflorescence and do not contribute to metal corrosion. Therefore, they are recommended for plastering mesh-reinforced structural elements.

Cement, cement-clay and cement-lime mixtures are made using potash aqueous solution. To make plaster mortars, low-grade cement is used. The volume of added potash depends on the air temperature.

If this indicator is not lower than -5°, potash needs 1% of the volume of the mixture in a dry state. At an air temperature of -5/-15°, 1.5% additive is needed. If it is frosty outside, below -15°, add 2% additive.

Cement-clay mortars with sand filler can be made in proportions from 1/0.2/4 to 1/0.5/6. To prepare them, dried clay is mixed with cement and sand, and then mixed with an aqueous potash solution.

Cement-lime mixtures should contain no more than 20% lime by weight of cement.

Cement mortars should be made non-greasy, in a ratio of 1/3. Potash salt dissolves in water, which is used to make the mixture. To work, you must use a solution with a temperature above +5°.

Note! It must be used within an hour after it is prepared.

The solution must be stored in an insulated container. It is necessary to dress in the same way as when working with chlorinated solutions.

Ammonia water

This modifier is produced in factories, and construction site diluted to the desired concentration. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature of both ammonia and ordinary water with which it is diluted does not exceed +5°. With more high temperatures the ammonia will evaporate.

If the concentration of ammonia in water is 25%, then to obtain a finished additive with a 6% concentration, 3.16 liters of ordinary water are added to each liter of factory solution. If ammonia water with a 15% concentration was purchased, then 1.5 liters of water are added to its 1 liter.

This modifier should be stored in hermetically sealed containers; glass bottles with ground stoppers are most suitable for this.

Ammonia water can be added to cement and cement-lime-sand mortars. Lime-gypsum, cement-clay and lime mixtures cannot be mixed with this additive.

When grouting concrete surfaces It is necessary to use cement mixtures in proportions of 1/2-1/4. For plastering work on brick, slag concrete and wooden surfaces - cement-lime-sand compositions, proportions 1/1/6-1/1/9.

Lime is diluted with ammonia water, the temperature of which should not be lower than +5°. The heating temperature of the plaster solution depends on that of the outside air.

If the air outside is cooled to -15°, then the temperature of the solution when working with it should be +2/3°. When the outside air conditions are down to -25°, the temperature of the mixture must be maintained at a level of at least +5°.

You can work with solutions with an ammonia additive at ambient temperatures down to -30° and it is best to carry out plastering along beacons

Finishing with an ammonia modifier after freezing is highly durable and its surface film does not peel off. Such plasters continue to gain strength, both in the cold and at positive temperatures, after thawing. The plastering process is the same as when finishing surfaces with mixtures with other antifreeze additives.

External and internal plastering of walls is carried out in the usual way in winter at an air temperature of at least +5°. Internal plastering work in residential and civil buildings V winter conditions are carried out in the presence of operating permanent heating systems.

In buildings with brick walls folded by freezing, plastering work should begin after a constant indoor air temperature has been established for at least 5 days. Before applying plaster, the walls must be heated to a depth of at least 10 cm.
The solution at the workplace must have a temperature of at least 4-10°.

The use of a frozen solution until it is completely thawed and processed (with the addition of 20-25% binder) is not allowed.
Solutions with gypsum should not be heated above 25°.
Plastering individual places that are inconvenient for heating (for example, plugs between window boxes) should be performed before frost sets in.

Plastering work in winter negative temperature can be carried out by adding chemical additives to solutions (calcium chloride, sodium chloride) or preparing them in an aqueous extract from bleach.

Solutions with the addition of sodium chloride or calcium chloride can be used at temperatures down to -15° for both external and internal plaster only in the absence of special requirements to the architectural decoration of buildings due to the possibility of efflorescence. The plaster layer applied at the specified temperature may subsequently be exposed to more low temperatures without damage.
The following compositions of plaster mortars with additives are recommended:
1) for plastering stone wooden surfaces;

a) cement-lime from 1: 0.4: 4 to 1: 0.8: 6 (cement: lime: sand);
b) cement-clay - from 1; 0.4: 4 to 1: 0.7: b (cement: clay: sand);

2) for grouting concrete surfaces: cement - from 1: 2.5 to 1: 3 (cement: sand).

at air temperatures down to -5° - sodium chloride or calcium chloride 3%;
at air temperatures up to -15°-- sodium chloride or calcium chloride 5%;
instead of a 5% addition of salts, a mixture of 3% calcium chloride and 2% sodium chloride can be introduced.

The required composition of the chlorinated solution is determined by the laboratory. Approximate compositions are as follows:

for plastering stone and wooden surfaces - from 1: 0.5: 4 to 1: 1.6 (cement: lime: sand);
for grouting concrete surfaces - from 1: 2.5 to 1:3 (cement: sand).

Do not apply plaster mortar on icy surfaces, as well as on the surfaces of walls and pillars laid out using the freezing method.
The marking should be applied in two layers: spray and, after it thickens, primer. The thickness of each layer should be no more than 0.5-1.5 cm, and total thickness layer 2 - 2.5 cm. Grouting of the soil is carried out in 15-20 minutes. after applying it.

Features of temperature conditions for applying plaster mixtures. Recommendations for plastering in winter period. Specifics of street plastering works. Consequences of temperature violations.

We plaster in winter and summer

It is customary to carry out plastering in the warm season.

The information below gives an idea in what temperature range plastering work can be carried out and how to extend the construction season.

The information is subjective provided that the solutions contain the appropriate modifiers in the required proportions.

Features of plaster

The proportions and composition of the binders determine the name of the plaster mortar:

Plaster;
Gypsum-lime;
Calcareous-sand;
Lime-cement;
Cement-sand.

Used as a filler different kinds sand Special additives guarantee different specifications mixtures and wide range application temperature conditions.

Separately, there are dry gypsum sheet plasters - plasterboard (gypsum board).

At what temperature can you plaster walls inside a house?

The working conditions for gypsum plasters are temperature range from +5˚ to +30˚C.

If the walls of a building are frozen in winter, then plastering inside can only be done after the wall has thawed to half its depth.

In winter, in buildings with heating, the air should be heated above +10˚C indoors, then the use of solutions does not require the addition of antifreeze modifiers.

If the temperature is from +5˚ to +8˚C, the mixture when poured should have values not lower than +8˚C.

If the air in the house is above +23˚C, it is necessary to evenly moisten the plastered surface.

In summer, during dry, hot times at temperatures above 30˚C and humidity less than 50%, it is necessary to maintain humidity in the plastered areas and add special plasticizers.

Is it possible to live in an unheated room in winter?

There are lime-cement, lime plaster mixtures, the air temperature when working with them is from -10˚ to +25˚C.

When plastering with such mixtures, the heating of the solution itself and the application surface should not be lower than +5˚C.

The mixture should be prepared in a heated part of the building, when the temperature drops below +5˚C during the day, and at night

At what temperature is it possible if there is no heating

Work on plastering buildings can be carried out when sub-zero temperature. Mixtures are used that contain cement and sometimes lime, with the addition of anti-frost components:

To reduce labor intensity, it is better to prepare aqueous solutions of the required percentage and pour them into the prepared composition.

It is prohibited to use potash, calcium nitrate with urea or sodium nitrite as frost-resistant additives when plastering buildings with high (above 60%) humidity or operating at temperatures above 40 °C.

More full information on the preparation and use of plaster mixtures is presented in SP-82-101-98 and in SNiP 3.04.01–87

Plastering a wall outdoors

Plastering outdoors is carried out if the temperature is from – 30˚ to +5˚C, taking into account the above requirements and there is no wind. When using water-based mixtures without frost-resistant additives - not lower than +5˚C.

Temperature conditions inside the house

Installation of sheet metal gypsum plasters can be conducted on:

metal lathing;
wooden frame;
glue pad.

Installation on metal carcass It is better to carry out at a positive temperature to avoid sweating in places of contact with metal.

Installation on adhesive base, as well as priming and filling of joints, it is better to carry out when the air inside the building is heated to at least +10˚C.

What happens if you don’t comply with the temperature regime?

When deviating from the temperature regime, briefly and within small limits, the plastered walls lose their flatness and take on wave-like shapes. More severe violations of the technology entail loss of layer strength, decreased adhesion to the load-bearing layer, the appearance of cracks, even to the collapse of the layer.

If factory-made plaster mixtures are used, read the factory instructions. Plastering inside the house is best done at temperatures from +10 to +30˚C. Plastering outdoors in the range below +5˚С must be carried out in calm weather or with the installation of a protective vestibule. When adding antifreeze modifiers, you must be careful.