AT recent times in "Technohistory" different construction equipment rarely began to appear, we will correct it. Today it is the turn of machines that, unlike tall cranes and monstrous excavators, attract little attention to themselves (especially when idle), but they are indispensable when building buildings and repairing roads. These are mobile air-compressor stations, if it is simpler - compressors. Perhaps the most classic of the Soviet compressors is the ZIF-55 family, produced from the 1960s to the 1990s at the Arsenal plant in Leningrad. ZIF stands for simply - "Frunze Plant", and the number 55 indicates the performance of the machine - 5.5 cubic meters compressed air per minute. The main components of the compressor: the compressor unit itself, the drive engine (earlier - ZIL-120, later - ZIL-157, there were also diesel options), body and chassis. The characteristic compressed air bottle at the rear of the compressor is called the air collector. Above it are visible fittings for connecting hoses of pneumatic tools or other consumers, and below it is a gas tank.
Initially, the ZIF-55 was towed to the place of work as ordinary trailers, a sprung bogie and rotary mechanism automobile type quite allowed it. But later regulatory requirements tightened to trailers, and in order not to change the proven design, the plant acted simply: it made changes to the instructions, indicating that henceforth towing a car on roads is prohibited. A similar inscription appeared on the body. It was assumed that the compressors would be towed only within construction sites or factory areas. However, the instructions are not always followed, and in practice the ZIF-55 can often be found towed along the roads, while lighting equipment is sometimes installed on them.
And they even get license plates. Pay attention to the rims - they are the same as on. In the first photo you can see a different type of discs, different variants went from the factory to different years production.
The design of the ZIF-55 is simple and reliable, especially in the compressor part, so such units can still be found in operation. Basically, this is a modification of the ZIF-55V, where "B" means "screw compressor", such compressors have been in series since 1970, before that piston compressors were used. There are ZIFs in my native St. Petersburg, in particular, I saw this copy this summer on the territory of some communal office.
And finally a few interesting facts about the manufacturer. Its history begins with cannon foundry workshops founded in St. Petersburg in 1711 by decree of Peter I. The plant has retained its profile to this day: one of the main types of products are artillery and rocket launchers for the Navy. By the way, some samples of ship's weapons were also produced under the index "ZIF". The plant began to produce compressors in 1931 and still produces, but the ones released earlier are being overhauled.
The next "time capsules", forgotten for decades in garage attics - in the retro test "Wheels"! Everything that ordinary car owners of the USSR dreamed of was a car mini-wash, a compressor and a vacuum cleaner. Let's see if auto gadgets, marked with a quality mark and made in accordance with GOSTs, can compete with similar modern accessories!
Three car accessories from the 80s in boxes and mint condition came to us for testing. Three devices marked with a quality mark look funny today, but it was fashionable and prestigious to possess them among Soviet car owners.
Let's see if the "guests from the past" have any advantages in terms of performance, device and configuration over numerous modern Asian-made counterparts!
Portable car wash pump - 1983
The funniest gadget in our time capsules today. The device, called the "Car Wash Pump," has survived intact to this day, having lain on a dusty shelf since 1983, in which it cost 28 rubles.
Of course, this is not an analogue of a modern sink. high pressure- the device does not know how to knock down dirt with a pressure of a hundred bars. This is a simple water supply pump for a bucket - the device is lowered into a container of soapy water and ... floats on its surface, spitting out moisture through a five-meter thin hose. The pressure, of course, is weak - it's not a Karcher! Therefore, first, water with shampoo should be supplied through a spray brush, with which the driver manually washes dirt from the body, and then the brush can be removed and put on a jet nozzle instead - to knock off soap suds clean water. To control the flow of water in comes with a funny device, like a clamp, pinching a hose. Of course, it would be more convenient to control the water supply with a valve in the form of a pistol grip, but what do we have ...
“This is the USSR, baby!” (With)
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Actually, there are a great many such “washers” sold in car dealerships today: a 20-liter canister, to which a 12-volt compact pump and a hose with a brush are connected, are exactly the same as our device comes from the Union. But the beauty of the Soviet gadget is in its design! Thanks to the hollow body in the form of a “fungus”, the device floats in a bucket of water, and after washing, all personal belongings (a five-meter hose, a brush, a jet nozzle and a three-meter power cable) are hidden in this very “fungus” under a cover with a carrying handle! The solution is really elegant and neat (which, in fact, is a rarity for condo Soviet things) - we liked it!
We will not compare the Soviet pump with modern analogues - from a technical point of view, such devices, in general, have not evolved: the “economy watering can” is the “economy watering can”. Let's just try it in operation - the pump will buzz for the first time 33 years after the release ...
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The device worked honestly - the pump pumps almost silently, the jet is stable, compactness and mobility are at a height. However, to wash even a relatively clean car with this Soviet device, you need at least two buckets of water - and that's if you save. Yes, and walk with a round brush the size of a medium-sized apple over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe body, leaving no unwashed areas - the work is still the same ... Plus, this washing method looks unprofitable against the background of budget high-pressure cleaners. The “brush method” is not held in high esteem today - the paint on modern cars is not the same as in the 80s - thin, delicate ... Touchless washing rules the ball here. In general, 0:1 - the first round against modern technologies USSR loses...
Mustang electric pump - 1989
In the 80s, an electric tire pump was a rarity, if not a "majority" - most Soviet owners of Zhiguli and Muscovites, not to mention the Zaporozhets, pumped the wheels (car) and hernia (themselves) with regular manual T-shaped "rocking chairs".
A pump like this Mustang could rather be found in the trunk of the nomenclature Volga ... The specimen we tested was from 1989, in which they asked for 35 rubles 20 kopecks for it, although it was not easy to find it in free sale, like any shortage !
The pump is made incredibly solidly. Take it in your hands and feel proud of the departed empire! Heavy metal body and filling, strong hammer paint, a thick cord with wires of a solid section, a quality mark and a personal signature of the OTC inspector in the passport ... hose. The instructions say that the sprayer is intended for touching up ... damage to the body! However, tinting a modern car in this way is barbaric, and the capacity is not enough for painting a fence or a barn, and the pump is not designed for continuous operation ... In principle, it will fit to put a number on the garage door through a stencil.
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We open the instructions, and everything is not so rosy in it - the characteristics of the pump from the USSR in 2016 make you think hard ... By the principle of operation, it is not piston, like all modern electric pumps, but a membrane one: a motor, a crank on the shaft, a connecting rod - this is all similar to the current "rocking chairs", but the connecting rod is crowned not by a piston, but by a membrane. At the same time, according to the instructions, the current consumed by the Mustang is as much as 17 amperes, but the maximum pressure is only 2 atmospheres, and the operating time before overheating is no more than 2.5 minutes! While many inexpensive modern piston pumps they pump 5 atmospheres, expensive ones - 8-10, and they work much longer before overheating ... To be honest, with such parameters, the pump does not look good ... So, since the Soviet product does not promise outstanding results, we will not put it up against cool and expensive modern models. Let's try with the help of the "USSR team" to beat at least a cheap 300-ruble "Auchan-compressor"! So, let's go - we unscrew the nipple from the 15-inch wheel and turn on the compressors on a timer for 2 minutes: first, an inexpensive Asian one, then the pressure is measured, again descending to zero, and at the end we harness the Soviet Mustang:
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"Mustang" kicks with might and main in the hand, justifying its name, and here is the result - 1:0 in favor of the USSR! In 120 seconds, a cheap Chinese pump “breathed” only 1 bar, and the Mustang “blew” 2.5 bars into the tire during the same time, with the required two!
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Yes, the current consumption is large, and the maximum pressure is low (against the background of the 2 "points" promised by the instructions, we removed 2.5 from the pump, but I think he would have mastered three without damage), plus the battle was with a deliberately frail opponent, but for general iron, weight and vivacity of work - victory is awarded! Although with a stretch - due to the lack of a pressure gauge. Of course, in order to get to the house or a tire fitting with a flat cylinder, it is absolutely not necessary to set the pressure to ten; puffed up by eye - and okay ... But pumping all four wheels in a circle with such a pump is another task! On each wheel, you will have to remove the Mustang hose from the nipple at least a couple of times and check the pressure with a manual pressure gauge - not included in the kit, by the way. Such mouse fuss is clearly uncomfortable, although against the background of the radicular hand pumps of previous years, the Mustang was certainly a motorist's dream ...
Vacuum cleaner "Shmel-auto" - 1982
Today, car vacuum cleaners are cheap, and their choice is great. Although these devices are highly controversial - a full-fledged home vacuum cleaner has a power of at least 800 watts, which is unattainable for a car device powered by 12 volts.
For this reason, the efficiency of the average car vacuum cleaner is extremely low, and many use it after purchase or receiving it as a gift once - the first and last, to make sure that it is impossible to clean a seriously dirty floor with it - except to collect light motes ...
Piston air compressors are the most common at the present time. The most preferred option when low capacity is needed is a reciprocating air compressor. Due to the ease of technical implementation this technology air compression has been used for about two centuries. And that is why reciprocating air compressors were the main type of compressors produced in our country.
Air reciprocating compressors are equipped with electric drive, but there are models and diesel or gasoline drive. These compressors are available with receivers of different capacities. The receiver is designed to control the air flow. When the air pressure in the receiver remains above a certain minimum value special sensors are triggered that turn off the engine and turn it on if the pressure in the receiver is too low.
Piston air compressors have proven to be cheap (compared to other types of compressors), easy to manufacture, highly maintainable and have a wide range of applications. Piston-type air compressors perform well in harsh operating conditions, and with high ambient air pollution. At correct operation and timely maintenance, piston air compressors can be used almost "forever".
Compressor equipment is used in production, in construction to provide compressed air to pneumatic tools and pneumatic systems that require pressure up to 0.7 MPa. and air flow up to 520 liters per minute (33 m3/h).
Compressors of the SO-7B and SO-243 brands are single-stage, two-cylinder, conventional piston compressors with forced air cooling. Compressors of this type are used for the manufacture of foam concrete, insulation such as Penoizol, Unipor, etc. By prior arrangement, the compressor can be equipped with a pressure hose, a spray gun, a pneumatic jackhammer and other pneumatic tools.
The compressor unit is powered by the mains alternating current with a voltage of 380 volts and a current frequency of 50 hertz. three-phase asynchronous motor with a power of 4 kilowatts (kW) through a clinomeric transmission, the compressor is driven. All elements of the compressor are installed (mounted) on the receiver, which is equipped with wheels and a handrail for moving it. The compressor unit itself is easy to manufacture and not whimsical in operation.
As a source of compressed air in roadheaders, high-capacity excavators, pneumatic wheel load-lifting cranes, special road cars compressor unit U-43102 is used.
Specifications Compressors
Today, compressor engineering is an independent branch of mechanical engineering in Russia. Compressor plants produce axial, centrifugal, reciprocating, rotary and jet compressors for a wide range of purposes. Modern compressor units - the most complex type technological equipment- one of the components of the constant growth of the construction, oil, gas, metallurgical, oil refining and petrochemical industries.
the first inventor centrifugal fan was a Russian engineer A.A. Sablukov. In 1832, his device marked the beginning of the use of centrifugal machines in the metallurgical and mining industries. Later, N.E. Zhukovsky and S.A. Chaplygin, based on the theory of centrifugal machines by L. Euler, created the theory of axial compressors. In 1905, Russian specialists created the first unit for supplying air under pressure, which marked the beginning of the domestic compressor industry. It was taken as a basis piston compressor Borsing company. But, nevertheless, compressors and pumps were imported into Tsarist Russia from abroad. But first World War, then the revolution and the recovery period pushed the production of domestic compressors into the background.
And only with the beginning of the development of coal reserves in Kuzbass, Donbass and the construction of the first lines of the Moscow Metro forced the Government of the USSR to pay attention to the production of domestic industrial compressors. But only after the end of the Great Patriotic War compressor plants began mass production of mobile stations. Compressor factories became from weapons workshops and mechanical plants of general engineering on the basis of available capacities. This explains the geography of the location of modern compressor plants in the country.
In the 21st century, this industry has entered the stage of global integration of production, in search of modern schemes of compressor machines that provide high level reliability and cost-effectiveness and providing the customer with a full range of after-sales service. Multifunctional monoblock machines have appeared that provide a complete technological cycle in a single compressor unit. Almost all compressor plants have mastered systems approach in the design and manufacture of equipment based on standard elements, assemblies and parts using the latest computer technology.
Russian compressor plants provide such giants as Gazprom, LUKOIL, Sibur, Yuganskneftegaz, Tatneft, RAO UES, Magnitogorsk, Novolipetsk, Nizhniy Tagil and Norilsk metallurgical plants with their products and are exported to 40 countries of the world.
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