Types of furniture hinges by application method. Internal hinges: do-it-yourself selection and installation. Overhead and mortise door hinges

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Introduction to furniture hinges:

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Adjusting furniture hinges:

It's no secret that furniture hinges - these are small mechanisms thanks to which we can open and close furniture facades, used in, in living rooms, in kitchens, sometimes in.

There are a huge number of varieties of furniture hinges! Many of them are rarely used or are simply outdated, or have been replaced by their improved counterparts.

In this article we will consider only the main types of hinges that are often used in furniture. A lot in the operation of facades depends on the quality and variety of this mechanism, namely, the absence of distortions after long-term use, the ability to adjust up, down, sideways, the absence of squeaking when opening, fixing doors in a closed position, etc.

Now 99% of cases, four-hinge hinges are used.

These loops, unlike a card or piano loop, contain:

• Adjustment functions in different directions for leveling the facades.
• Stopper functions to prevent a closed door from opening spontaneously.
• There is no displacement of the facade when opening, which allows you not to touch the facades located nearby.

If you take a closer look at furniture hinged facades, you will see that they are located differently in relation to the side panels on which they are installed (from the hinge side). Each case requires its own loops.

Exist:

Overhead hinges. In this case, the facades completely cover the ends of the side panels of the cabinet. In this case, the front part of the product appears without visible ends of the partitions and side cabinets between the doors.

Where the facades on the hinge side cover only half of the end surface of the side panel. This method is ideal for installing two doors on both sides of the panel.

With inset facades, the ends of the panels on which they are installed are visible. It doesn't always look aesthetically pleasing.

(180g). In this case, the door forms a straight line with the side door on which it is installed. This method is widely used in built-in cabinets or cabinets. When the curvature of the walls does not allow the façade to be installed evenly. And a wall error of up to 3 mm can negatively affect the operation of the facades.

For installation at an angle other than 90 degrees. Used in corner cabinets. Most often, hinges are used at an angle of 135 degrees (45 degrees) in relation to the side panels. But the furniture market offers hinges for any opening angle. In order to slightly change the angle of the facade, special platforms are used, which are attached under the hinge itself to give the facade an arbitrary angle.

Card loops and piano loops. They are most often used in wooden products in retro style or simply by craftsmen who make furniture with their own hands at home. They are almost never used in factory furniture, since they are deprived of all the advantages of a four-hinged hinge.

The service life of any furniture depends on how reliably and with what quality the furniture fittings are made. One of important elements fittings are furniture hinges, the varieties of which are wide application. This semi-mechanical device allows you to attach cabinet doors, bedside tables, sideboards to open them at the desired angle.

Types and types of furniture hinges

Most products are equipped with four-joint overhead loops. People called them “frogs.” These products belong to the universal group, which allows the cabinet door to open within 90-165 degrees. The movement of the device parts, moving in different directions, strongly resembles the movement of a jumping frog. The mechanism includes four hinges with a spring-loaded mechanism. The design of hinges intended for furniture may have different sizes And various ways overlays. Taking this into account, it is divided into several subgroups:

The main type of four-hinged fittings are furniture hinges. To attach them, you do not need to make an additional insert when you want the door leaf to completely cover the side of the furniture bedside table. In cabinets where the side part is covered by two doors, semi-overlay systems are installed.

Internal fittings used for installation of doors located inside furniture cabinet. Separate view loop devices are considered. They are installed where opening is required door leaf only 45 degrees. Basically, such fittings are found in corner cases and other corner structures.

Advantages of four-hinged designs

The main advantage of this design is:

• very simple execution;
• easy installation;
• the canvas can be adjusted in different planes.

The device consists of two parts:

• mounting plate;
• hinge mechanism installed directly on the door leaf.

Attached to the side of the product mounting plate, which is then screwed to the loop. Also of interest are furniture hinges with a closer that fixes the open position of the door. The closer ensures its slow closing. Industry produces various designs furniture hinges equipped with a closer, the installation of which has several characteristic features:

Installation of a system with a closer depends on its design. She may be;

• mortise;
• overhead;
• angular;
• hidden;
• screw-in;
• double-sided

Installation of hinges for glass sheets

Glass doors have become common in modern design. Several decades ago, this design was made sliding. Today, folding glass doors are used. To securely fasten glass door, special furniture hinges are used, the installation of which differs from ordinary ones, using a fixation method.

The most reliable systems for glass remain overhead structures. They allow you to fix the glass door at the desired angle and in a certain position, for example, with the ends completely closed. Such designs are often equipped with a built-in closer.

If you install semi-overlay fittings, it will be possible to adjust the installed glass sheet in several planes at once. Such actions cannot be performed with a conventional overhead structure. But to install such accessories, it is necessary to drill three holes of a certain diameter for attaching the mechanism. It is very difficult to do this at home, so such devices are installed very rarely.

There are also internal structures loops for fixing glass sheets. They are quite different complex mechanism, a difficult installation technique. This system includes several parts:

• mounting plate;
• the loop itself;
• several types of seals;
• special plug.

Piano systems

This hardware is used for installation vertical canvases. Most often they are installed:

The design is not very complicated. It is made of brass or stainless steel.

Very similar to a piano card accessories. It is divided into several types:

• double-tube dismountable;
• multi-tubular, non-separable.

The composition includes two plates, which are put on the hinge axis thanks to the existing roundings at the ends of the plates. Furniture card hinges have found application in furniture design when they are widely used retro style. Sometimes they are made curly. The outer edges are made wavy, which gives them a butterfly shape. Secretory systems very similar to card fittings. The mechanism includes two plates with one axial hinge. Such a secretory hinge mechanism is used to fix horizontal panels that open only downward. Installation of the system can occur in several ways:

• without using a tie-in;
• with preliminary insertion.

Mezzanine fittings

The design is designed for horizontal panels that open upward. These systems are mainly found in kitchen cabinets . The mechanism is very similar to the structure of a conventional overhead system. The main work is done by the spring.

Adit systems

They are used to fix the panels to the side posts touching the wall surface. Such devices are sometimes called "deaf". The fact is that the doors of the “blank” walls of various bedside tables are hung on them. Adit systems are used to fix false panels and doors.

Card mechanisms

Used for fixation folding curtains. The device is attached to the ends of the canvas on both sides. The door can open 180 degrees. The design is often used in the kitchen, where a folding table is installed.

Conclusion

Many people think that a furniture hinge is the simplest part. However, it has a special purpose, a lot depends on it, so you need to choose the design of the loop seriously and carefully. It is the correctly chosen design that guarantees long-term operation of furniture and its reliability.

Today the market for high quality furniture fittings offers customers a fairly wide range of furniture hinges. The most popular are four-hinged installation products. various types and appointments that have modern design and have an anti-corrosion, decorative coating.

Hinge and piano hinge fittings are also presented in wide range and in comparison with products, the release of which was debugged during the times Soviet Union, it has increased reliability and improved decorativeness. The choice of one design or another depends on the furniture design, the purpose of the product, the location of its installation and operating conditions.

Quadruple joint

The most versatile are four-hinge hinges. They can withstand enough heavy weight door leaves and are highly reliable. IN modern production furniture for fastening door leaves made of solid wood or particle board, four main types of these products are used.
The main types of four-hinged fittings are:

Four-hinged designs, depending on the design and installation conditions, allow the doors to open at an angle of 45°-165°.

The undoubted advantages of four-hinged furniture hinge systems are:

• simplicity design;
• ease of installation on the product;
• Possibility of adjusting the door in two planes.

This type of furniture fittings has only two elements in its design: the mounting strip and the hinge structure itself, which is attached directly to the door leaf. The mounting strip is attached to the side of the product, and then fixed to the hinge with screws. A separate group is represented by hinges with a closer, which allows you to fix the sash in the open position and also ensures its smooth closing.

At self-production furniture, you must check with the seller for the specific type of product being purchased. This is especially true for the last group of four-hinged fittings. Hinge devices for installing the sash at angles of 45°, 30° and -30° are available for sale.

In addition, it is necessary pay attention to the type of fastening door panels - with overlapping side walls or built-in. The first type of door installation involves the use of overhead types, the second - internal ones.

For the installation of door leaves made from particle board, the installation kit additionally includes special mounting cups. These parts are installed in pre-drilled holes.

In addition, when installing four-hinged systems, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the panel and the height of the cabinet or pencil case. When choosing the number and type of furniture hinges for the kitchen, you can use the data from the table below.

Estimated number of loops

When installing four-hinged options Special attention is given to their alignment along the installation (facade) edge door panel. If you are careless about this operation, then adjusting (aligning) the doors will be difficult, and each hinge will bear a large load. This will reduce the technical reliability of the opening and closing mechanism and reduce its durability.

Self-installation requires not only careful marking, accuracy of preparatory and basic work, but also the presence of special tools. Therefore, before you start drilling a large diameter hole, it is better to make two or three test samples on an unnecessary piece of particle board or wooden board.

Hinges for glass door leaves

Interior design does not stand still, and in last years glass is becoming increasingly widespread. The latest types of furniture designed for installation in living rooms, home offices and kitchens increasingly use glass doors.

If twenty years ago their design was sliding, today hinged (folding) glass doors are mainly used in cabinets and pencil cases. They require particularly reliable fastening, which is ensured by a special four-hinged design. The principle of their operation differs in the method of fastening.

Overhead structures are considered the most reliable means for fastening doors made of glass. They are not only perfect for folding (hinged) doors, but also decorate the product itself. To make the decor more decorative, individual parts of these devices may have a colored anodized coating, engraving or chrome plating.

Unlike ordinary fittings, overhead structures allow you to fix the glass sash at different angles and in different positions - with or without overlapping the ends of the sidewalls. Often, hinges of this type are equipped with a built-in closer.

Semi-overlay fittings allow you to adjust an already installed door in three planes, which is impossible to do when using an overlay. However, these products require drilling three holes for each hinge. This operation is quite difficult to perform at home, so this type is less popular among home craftsmen.

Internal types for glass doors have a more complex structure and differ in the installation method. Their design consists of a mounting strip, the hinge itself, two types of seals and a plug that masks the connection with outside transparent sash.

Hinges for glass sashes installed at an angle to the structure are similar to those used on products made from particle board.

For fittings intended for installation on glass, there are two types of seals and two types of plugs corresponding to these seals. The first type of plugs and seals has a semicircular shape, the second - round. Choice specific form These details depend on the owner of the furniture and do not affect the fastening strength and aesthetic characteristics of the door itself. However, most users prefer to choose a round seal and plug.

Installation video

This video shows the process of installing an internal hinge on a glass door. As you can see, the process is not complicated, but it is still better to seek help from a specialist.

Single-joint

Often during production various cabinets and DIY pencil cases, home craftsmen use single-hinged products. According to the principle of operation, they do not differ from the widely used door hinge, but they have smaller sizes, improved design and more aesthetically pleasing decorative finishes.

These products include two half loops and two plastic seal. The disadvantages of this type of mounting elements include:

• low reliability of fastening the glass sheet;
• impossibility of adjustment.

However, many people prefer this type of installation products due to:

• cheapness of the product;
• ease of installation.

In addition, the latest samples of single-hinged devices have a fairly attractive appearance, improved design and various types of modern decorative coating.

The main element necessary for the functioning of upholstered and cabinet furniture is the hinge; it makes it possible to open and close doors, as well as other elements at the desired angle. And although time moves forward, and new hinge technologies appear, the varieties of which are amazing in their number, they still remain quite popular among furniture makers.

Kinds

Today there are the following types of furniture hinges:

1. Grand pianos are one of the longest. Such a loop can reach 2 meters, it creates a strong fastening.
2. End double doors. Brass is used for production. Such fastenings are narrow (for small boxes) and wide (for installation in cabinets).
3. With hidden doors. They are used in the same way as the previous type, but the weight of the doors should be significantly less.
4. Detachable hinges. Bronze is used for production. There is a steel axle inside, they can be divided into right-hand and left-hand;
5. Secret doors. Designed for installation in overhead sashes, they can also be adjusted.
6. Cylindrical. The main feature of such hinges is that they can be used to open the door 180°. Most often installed on folding doors, but also applied to overhead doors.
7. "Invisibles." They are used in the same way as cylindrical ones, but the weight of the doors can withstand much more.
8. With curved doors. This device helps the installed overhead door to turn 180°.
9. Cup loops. Their design ensures that the hinged open cover is at the same level as the part to which it is attached.
10. Flat for hinged lids. Solid brass is used for manufacturing, and they are used to fasten the sashes.
11. Lateral. Such hinges are almost invisible, as they are installed into the edge wood.

Classification

Designs are constantly being improved, and a wide variety of materials are used for their manufacture, which, in turn, affects strength and functionality. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to understand the huge number of such products.

Professionals distinguish the following types and purposes of furniture hinges:

Hinged;
- four-hinged;
- hinges for furniture glass.

Hinges are considered the most modern in furniture production, but most often they use four-hinged ones. These devices are one of the most commonly used, very durable and can easily withstand heavy loads. They, in turn, can be divided into:

Semi-overhead;
- invoices;
- internal;
- for installation in doors corner cabinets at an angle of 45°.

Four-joint hinge

Most often, such fittings are purchased for cabinets. Before becoming very popular, it was called card, and after modernization and improvement of the mechanism it received the name four-hinged. Today, if we consider all types of furniture hinges, it is considered the most common. This mechanism consists of a base, four hinges with springs and a cup. The center of the hinge must be attached to the mounting plate. To adjust the sash overlay to the left or right, an adjusting screw is attached to the plane. The cup must be placed in drilled hole in the sash, the area to be prepared will depend on its severity. The most popular sizes are considered to be a diameter of 35 mm and a depth of 12-13 mm. For a small door, the most commonly used size is 26 mm.

Basic parameters during installation

Today there are the most various types furniture and their adjustment is quite complex and must be carried out according to all the rules, since the quality of the product depends on this. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account certain parameters:

The distance to the cup is the length from the edge of the hole into which it is inserted to the end of the valve, generally approximately 5 mm;
- mounting holes, they are necessary for mounting the cup during installation.

It should be noted that the fastening at the same loop can be fixed different ways. For example, screwing with self-tapping screws, for which the method of pressing or installation on couplings is used.

Before you begin installation, you need to take into account that furniture hinges, the varieties of which are numerous, can be very different. After all, even the fastening elements for a cup of the same type are most often placed at different distances. Therefore, it is necessary to measure everything before starting work.

Installation of glass sashes

If we consider all types of furniture hinges, then only the four-hinged one is suitable for glass surfaces, since it is a reliable door fastener and, in addition, it looks beautiful and elegant. For such sashes, special hinges are used, which are used for glass. According to their own external characteristics they are very similar to the standard ones, but there are still differences in the design and method of fastening. Such mechanisms consist of four elements. Namely: a mounting strip that needs to be secured to the side of the product, an O-ring connecting all components, a loop and a plug, the latter covering all fasteners from the outside.

The main advantages of devices with closers

Before collecting ready product, inexperienced craftsmen may have a question about what types of furniture hinges and mechanisms there are that are suitable for proper adjustment. In stores you can buy products for every taste, but fasteners with a built-in closer are considered one of the most popular. The installation of such an element is innovative today. With its help, you can ensure smooth closing of the door with a light touch. The closer is a kind of shock absorber that ensures easy closing. The main feature of such mechanisms is their reliability, and their use will ensure maximum aesthetics. Furniture in which such fittings are installed will be quite easy to use and will last for a long time.

Without an element such as a furniture hinge, we will not be able to open or close cabinet doors. This is an important component of furniture. Whether it's a closet, bedside table, sideboard or table, with the help of hinges we can open the doors up, down, to the sides at a certain angle. Nowadays there are many types of this furniture fittings; the choice is simply huge.

Without an element such as a furniture hinge, we will not be able to open or close cabinet doors.

Their installation is quite complicated, it is better if the installation is carried out by a specialist.

What are furniture hinges? This is a mechanism attached to the wall and facade of furniture; with its help, the doors can open at a specific angle. Such hinges differ in structure, fastening system, and they perform different functions.

They are invisible when the doors are closed.

Many manufacturers of furniture hinges produce low-quality fittings because they want to save on production.

Today, four-hinged hinges are common. This design is quite unpretentious and durable, easy to install. This mechanism is so thorough that you can open and close furniture doors endlessly. Its adjustment is allowed in three planes. The four-hinge hinge includes the following elements:

• mounting plate,
• cup,
• shoulder.

Detachable ones are divided into left and right - this is how they differ from universal ones, which are fixed to a facade that opens in any direction.

To purchase a quality product, it is worth looking at the thickness of the metal.

The hinges are mounted to the facade with a cup, and mounting plate attached to the furniture frame. The entire mechanism is fixed with self-tapping screws. The shoulder serves as a kind of handle and link between the mounting plate and the cup. All elements are connected to each other by a four-hinged mechanism. There is an adjusting screw in the bar; it allows you to adjust the façade relative to the base.

Nowadays there are many types of this furniture fittings; the choice is simply huge.

To choose furniture hinges, you need to consider how you will install them.

Types of furniture hinges

This type of fittings, such as furniture hinges, produced at this moment, used in assembling furniture and which can be purchased at any hardware store, is divided into groups presented in the table.

What are furniture hinges?

Many people pay attention to where they were made.

There are many types of furniture hinges. This element of fittings, currently produced, is divided into types that differ from each other in certain ways:

• firstly, the place where the hinges should be mounted;
• secondly, the raw materials intended for production;
• thirdly, the detachable design;
• fourthly, by the fixation method;
• fifthly, distinctive feature mechanism.

Among other things, they are divided into detachable and universal, differing in strength.

It is important to pay attention to the product certificate, whether the head office controls production.

According to their category, they can be divided into overhead and mortise, they have a card structure, and are fixed to the base and to the facade. The difference is that for mortise hinges you need to make a slight recess where the plate must be placed. Among other things, they are divided into detachable and universal, differing in strength. Universal look hinges can withstand a significant load, which means that the likelihood of doors sagging in the future will be significantly reduced. Detachable ones are divided into left and right - this is how they differ from universal ones, which are fixed to a facade that opens in any direction.

The difference is that for mortise hinges you need to make a slight recess where the plate must be placed.

Screw-in hinges consist of two proportionate parts, which are cylinders, with holes for self-tapping screws on them. These hinges can be installed on any door. But they have a drawback - the doors, attached to screw-in hinges, cannot be removed. The most common option is hidden loops. They are invisible when the doors are closed. They are mounted on any facade and have a universal mechanism - three rotary axes. Their installation is quite complicated, it is better if the installation is carried out by a specialist. You can also find a double-sided type of loops. It allows the doors to open both outward and inward.

According to their category, they can be divided into overhead and mortise, they have a card structure, and are fixed to the base and to the facade.

To install correctly, you will need a tape measure, an awl, a drill, a screwdriver or screwdriver, a Forstner drill, and self-tapping screws.

Whatever type of hinges they are, they must be strong and durable - these are the main qualities that you need to remember when choosing furniture hinges.

Such hinges differ in structure, fastening system, and they perform different functions.

The types of furniture hinges can be different, and their installation does not present any difficulties; all the work can be done at home.

How to choose the right furniture hinges

Many manufacturers of furniture hinges produce low-quality fittings because they want to save on production. To purchase a quality product, it is worth looking at the thickness of the metal. If it is thin, it is better to refuse the purchase. It is worth paying attention to the price equivalent - it is better not to purchase cheap accessories. The number of items depends on the size of the façade and its weight. The hinges must be durable; this determines how long they can last.

This type of fittings, such as furniture hinges, currently produced and used in furniture assembly.

You can easily replace old fittings with new ones yourself, and the furniture will last for a long time.

To choose furniture hinges, you need to consider how you will install them. Many people pay attention to where they were made. After all most accessories are produced in China, and there, as you know, they are manufactured under various brands, including well-known ones. It is important to pay attention to the product certificate, whether the head office controls production, since most popular companies open branches in the Middle Kingdom.

There are many types of furniture hinges.

Typically, furniture manufacturers carefully select fittings and give preference to brands that have characterized themselves positively.

All elements are connected to each other by a four-hinged mechanism.

How to use furniture hinges correctly

To ensure that the doors close and open smoothly, that there are no gaps between the base and the facade, and that the doors are attached fairly evenly, it is necessary to correctly install furniture hinges. As you know, hinges have cups of different diameters - it is this part of the structure that is inserted into a recess drilled in the wood. The most popular ones have a diameter of 35 millimeters.

The hinges are mounted to the facade with a cup, and attached to the furniture frame with a mounting strip.

To install correctly, you will need a tape measure, an awl, a drill, a screwdriver or screwdriver, a Forstner drill, and self-tapping screws. But the first thing you need to do is make markings and determine the center of the future recess. It is necessary that there is 5 mm from the cup to the edge of the door or 23 mm from the edge to the middle of the recess. Now we drill the opening to such a depth that the cup fits completely into it, the main thing is not to drill through the material. We place hinges in the prepared facade and, if necessary, level them with a plank. When everything is aligned, the bar fits like a glove, we attach it to the screws using a screwdriver or screwdriver.

This design is quite unpretentious and durable, easy to install.

As you can see, the types of furniture hinges can be different, and their installation does not present any difficulties; all the work can be done at home. In such cases, when the doors become misaligned and they begin to creak, you can easily replace the old fittings with new ones yourself, and the furniture will last for a long time.

Today, four-hinged hinges are common.

VIDEO: Furniture hinges, review, adjustment