I can't get past the ugliness. So I want to take part!
Here's what I thought (and I liked it)
About Stalin's famous speech "Brothers and sisters ..."
We very often accuse him of disastrous delay in the first days of the war. Although at that time little could be done without accurate news from the field, especially since there were quite responsible persons who, on duty, had to respond in accordance with the instructions. And there were no such instructions. Shaposhnikov was an experienced military man. In the absence of "red envelopes" in the safes of local authorities. party and the Cheka, I do not believe.
So. Could this delay have been caused by the preparation of this very speech?
It is not customary to speak well of Stalin, nevertheless, not a single dog hinted at that. who was the author of the text itself. Not a secret. that almost all political leaders of that period. with the exception of the Bolsheviks and, perhaps, Churchill, their speeches were written by special people. If there was even a suspicion, we would all buzz our ears about the intellectual failure of the Leader. However, this is not the case.
Those. suddenly, after ten days of panic, a speech appears out of nowhere that shakes the whole country. The speech, which has become largely a program document.
This is strange. It's impossible.
However, for a person whose library consisted of 20 thousand volumes, of which 6 thousand had his personal notes, this is quite possible. And logical.
Think it over. Select the questions that need to be answered. Justify your answer. Include instructions for practical actions in the speech. Rehearse the performance. And all this was done by one person, not a group of psychologists, analysts, consultants.
Serious job.
Worthy of admiration.
At the same time, one should not forget about the colossal psychological pressure that the environment and the general psychological situation in the country could not but exert on him. Shock and panic seized the top of the country, and most of the population. Fear of being late.
I quote this document, which largely determined the course of events.
Second question. Why did she go down in history as Brothers and Sisters?
vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/RARE/OGONYOK/STALIN.HTM
Radio performance
Chairman of the State Defense Committee
I.V. STALIN
Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy!
I turn to you, my friends!
The treacherous military attack of Nazi Germany on our homeland, launched on June 22, continues. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best parts of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. Hitler's troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part of Latvia, the western part of Belarus, and part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol. Our country is in serious danger.
How could it happen that our glorious Red Army surrendered a number of our cities and regions to the fascist troops? Are the German fascist troops really invincible troops, as the boastful fascist propagandists tirelessly trumpet about it?
Of course not! History shows that there are no invincible armies and never have been. Napoleon's army was considered invincible, but it was defeated alternately by Russian, English, German troops. Wilhelm's German army during the first imperialist war was also considered an invincible army, but it was defeated several times by Russian and Anglo-French troops and was finally defeated by Anglo-French troops. The same must be said about Hitler's present German fascist army. This army has not yet encountered serious resistance on the European continent. Only on our territory did it meet with serious resistance. And if, as a result of this resistance, the best divisions of the fascist German army were defeated by our Red Army, then this means that the Nazi fascist army can also be defeated and will be defeated, as the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm were defeated.
As for the fact that part of our territory nevertheless turned out to be captured by the fascist German troops, this is mainly due to the fact that the war of fascist Germany against the USSR began under favorable conditions for the German troops and unfavorable for the Soviet troops. The fact is that the troops of Germany, as a country waging war, were already completely mobilized, and the 170 divisions abandoned by Germany against the USSR and moved to the borders of the USSR were in a state of complete readiness, waiting only for a signal to march, while the Soviet troops needed it was still necessary to mobilize and move closer to the borders. Of no small importance here was the fact that fascist Germany unexpectedly and treacherously violated the non-aggression pact concluded in 1939 between it and the USSR, regardless of the fact that it would be recognized by the whole world as the attacking side. It is clear that our peace-loving country, not wanting to take the initiative to violate the pact, could not take the path of treachery.
It may be asked: how could it happen that the Soviet Government agreed to conclude a non-aggression pact with such perfidious people and monsters as Hitler and Ribentrop? Has the Soviet Government made a mistake here? Of course not! A non-aggression pact is a peace pact between two states. It was this pact that Germany proposed to us in 1939. Could the Soviet Government refuse such a proposal? I think that not a single peace-loving state can refuse a peace agreement with a neighboring power, if at the head of this power there are even such monsters and cannibals as Hitler and Ribentrop. And this, of course, on one indispensable condition - if the peace agreement does not affect either directly or indirectly the territorial integrity, independence and honor of a peace-loving state. As you know, the non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR is just such a pact.
What have we gained by signing a non-aggression pact with Germany? We ensured peace for our country for a year and a half and the possibility of preparing our forces for a rebuff if fascist Germany dared to attack our country in defiance of the pact. This is a definite gain for us and a loss for fascist Germany.
What did fascist Germany gain and lose by treacherously breaking the pact and attacking the USSR? She achieved by this some advantageous position for her troops in a short time, but she lost politically, exposing herself in the eyes of the whole world as a bloody aggressor. There can be no doubt that this short-lived military gain for Germany is only an episode, while the enormous political gain for the USSR is a serious and lasting factor on the basis of which the decisive military successes of the Red Army in the war against fascist Germany should unfold.
That is why all our valiant Army, all our valiant navy, all our falcon pilots, all the peoples of our country, all the best people of Europe, America and Asia, and finally, all the best people of Germany - stigmatize the perfidious actions of the German fascists and sympathize with to the Soviet government, they approve of the behavior of the Soviet government and see that our cause is just, that the enemy will be defeated, that we must win.
By virtue of the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its worst and treacherous enemy - German fascism. Our troops are fighting heroically against the enemy, armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army and the Red Navy, overcoming numerous difficulties, are selflessly fighting for every inch of Soviet land. The main forces of the Red Army, armed with thousands of tanks and aircraft, enter the battle. The courage of the soldiers of the Red Army is unparalleled. Our resistance to the enemy is growing stronger and stronger. Together with the Red Army, the entire Soviet people rises to defend the Motherland.
What is required in order to eliminate the danger looming over our Motherland, and what measures must be taken in order to defeat the enemy?
First of all, it is necessary that our people, the Soviet people, understand the full depth of the danger that threatens our country, and renounce complacency, carelessness, the mood for peaceful construction, which was quite understandable in pre-war times, but pernicious at the present time, when the war has radically changed position. The enemy is cruel and relentless. He aims to seize our lands. watered with our sweat, the seizure of our bread and our oil, obtained by our labor. It sets as its goal the restoration of the power of the landowners, the restoration of tsarism, the destruction of the national culture and national statehood of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Uzbeks, Tatars, Moldavians, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other free peoples of the Soviet Union, their Germanization, their transformation into slaves of German princes and barons. Thus, it is a question of life and death of the Soviet state, of life and death of the peoples of the USSR, of whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. It is necessary that the Soviet people understand this and stop being carefree, that they mobilize themselves and reorganize all their work on a new, military basis, which knows no mercy for the enemy.
It is necessary, furthermore, that there be no place in our ranks for whiners and cowards, alarmists and deserters, that our people do not know fear in the struggle and selflessly go to our patriotic war of liberation against the fascist enslavers. The great Lenin, who created our state, said that the main quality of the Soviet people should be courage, courage, ignorance of fear in the struggle, readiness to fight together with the people against the enemies of our country. It is necessary that this magnificent quality of a Bolshevik should become the property of millions and millions of the Red Army, our Red Navy and all the peoples of the Soviet Union.
We must immediately reorganize all our work on a military footing, subordinating everything to the interests of the front and to the tasks of organizing the defeat of the enemy. The peoples of the Soviet Union now see that German fascism is indomitable in its furious malice and hatred of our Motherland, which has ensured free labor and well-being for all working people. The peoples of the Soviet Union must rise up to defend their rights, their land against the enemy.
The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union must defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and ingenuity inherent in our people.
We must organize all-round assistance to the Red Army, ensure an intensified replenishment of its ranks, ensure its supply with everything necessary, organize the rapid advance of transports with troops and military cargo, and provide extensive assistance to the wounded.
We must strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all our work to the interests of this cause, ensuring the intensified work of all enterprises, producing more rifles, machine guns, guns, cartridges, shells, aircraft, organizing the protection of factories, power plants, telephone and telegraph communications, and establishing local air defense .
We must organize a merciless struggle against all sorts of disorganizers of the rear, deserters, alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, rendering prompt assistance to our destruction battalions in all this. It must be borne in mind that the enemy is cunning, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors. It is necessary to take into account all this and not succumb to provocations. We must immediately bring to trial the Military Tribunal all those who, by their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of their faces.
With the forced withdrawal of Red Army units, it is necessary to steal the entire rolling stock, not to leave the enemy a single locomotive, not a single wagon, not to leave the enemy a kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. The collective farmers must steal all the livestock, hand over the grain for safekeeping to state bodies for its removal to the rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, grain and fuel, which cannot be taken out must be unconditionally destroyed.
In areas occupied by the enemy, it is necessary to create partisan detachments, mounted and on foot, to create sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army, to kindle guerrilla warfare everywhere and everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to forests, warehouses, convoys. In the occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every turn, disrupt all their activities.
The war with fascist Germany cannot be considered an ordinary war. It is not only a war between two armies. It is at the same time a great war of the entire Soviet people against the German fascist troops. The goal of this nationwide patriotic war against the fascist oppressors is not only to eliminate the danger hanging over our country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism. In this war of liberation, we will not be alone. In this great war we will have true allies in the peoples of Europe and America, including the German people, enslaved by the Nazi bosses. Our war for the freedom of our fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms. It will be a united front of peoples standing for freedom against enslavement and the threat of enslavement from Hitler's fascist armies. In this regard, the historic speech of British Prime Minister Mr. Churchill on helping the Soviet Union and the declaration of the US government on its readiness to help our country, which can only arouse a feeling of gratitude in the hearts of the peoples of the Soviet Union, are quite understandable and indicative.
Comrades! Our strength is incalculable. An arrogant enemy will soon be convinced of this. Together with the Red Army, many thousands of workers, collective farmers, and intellectuals are rising to war against the attacking enemy. Millions of our people will rise up. The working people of Moscow and Leningrad have already begun to create a multi-thousand people's militia to support the Red Army. In every city that is in danger of being invaded by the enemy, we must create such a people's militia, raise all the working people to fight in order to defend our freedom, our honor, our homeland with our breasts - in our patriotic war against German fascism.
In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR, to repulse the enemy who treacherously attacked our homeland, the State Defense Committee was created, in whose hands all power in the state is now concentrated. The State Defense Committee has begun its work and calls on all the people to rally around the party of Lenin-Stalin, around the Soviet government for the selfless support of the Red Army and the Red Navy, for the defeat of the enemy, for victory.
All our strength is to support our heroic Red Army, our glorious Red Fleet!
All the forces of the people - to defeat the enemy!
Forward to our victory!
Comrades! Citizens!
Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy!
I turn to you, my friends!
The treacherous military attack of Nazi Germany on our homeland, launched on June 22, continues. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best parts of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. Hitler's troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part of Latvia, the western part of Belarus, and part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol. Our country is in grave danger.
How could it happen that our glorious Red Army surrendered a number of our cities and regions to the fascist troops? Are the German fascist troops really invincible, troops, as the boastful fascist propagandists tirelessly trumpet about it?
Of course not! History shows that there are no invincible armies and never have been. Napoleon's army was considered invincible, but it was defeated alternately by Russian, English, German troops. Wilhelm's German army during the first imperialist war was also considered an invincible army, but it was defeated several times by Russian and Anglo-French troops and was finally defeated by Anglo-French troops. The same must be said about Hitler's present German fascist army. This army has not yet encountered serious resistance on the European continent. Only on our territory did it meet with serious resistance. And if, as a result of this resistance, the best divisions of the fascist German army were defeated by our Red Army, then this means that the Nazi fascist army can be defeated and will be defeated just as the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm were defeated.
As for the fact that part of our territory nevertheless turned out to be captured by fascist German troops, this is mainly due to the fact that the war of fascist Germany against the USSR began under favorable conditions for the German troops and unfavorable for the Soviet troops. The fact is that the troops of Germany, as a country waging war, were already completely mobilized, and the 170 divisions abandoned by Germany against the USSR and moved to the borders of the USSR were in a state of complete readiness, waiting only for a signal to march, while the Soviet troops needed it was still to mobilize and move closer to the borders. Of no small importance here was the fact that fascist Germany unexpectedly and treacherously violated the non-aggression pact concluded in 1939 between it and the USSR, regardless of the fact that it would be recognized by the whole world as the attacking side. It is clear that our peace-loving country, not wanting to take the initiative to violate the pact, could not take the path of treachery.
It may be asked: how could it happen that the Soviet Government agreed to conclude a non-aggression pact with such treacherous people and monsters as Hitler and Ribbentrop? Has the Soviet Government made a mistake here? Of course not! A non-aggression pact is a peace pact between two states. It was this pact that Germany proposed to us in 1939. Could the Soviet Government refuse such a proposal? I think that not a single peace-loving state can refuse a peace agreement with a neighboring power, if at the head of this power there are even such monsters and cannibals as Hitler and Ribbentrop. And this, of course, on one indispensable condition - if the peace agreement does not affect either directly or indirectly the territorial integrity, independence and honor of a peace-loving state. As is known, the non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR is just such a pact.
What have we gained by signing a non-aggression pact with Germany? We ensured peace for our country for a year and a half and the possibility of preparing our forces for a rebuff if fascist Germany dared to attack our country in defiance of the pact. This is a definite win for us and a loss for fascist Germany.
What did fascist Germany gain and lose by treacherously breaking the pact and attacking the USSR? She achieved by this some advantageous position for her troops in a short time, but she lost politically, exposing herself in the eyes of the whole world as a bloody aggressor. There can be no doubt that this short military gain for Germany is only an episode, while the enormous political gain for the USSR is a serious and long-term factor on the basis of which the decisive military successes of the Red Army in the war against fascist Germany should unfold.
That is why all our valiant army, all our valiant navy, all our falcon pilots, all the peoples of our country, all the best people of Europe, America and Asia, and finally, all the best people of Germany - stigmatize the perfidious actions of the German fascists and sympathize with to the Soviet Government, they approve of the behavior of the Soviet Government and see that our cause is just, that the enemy will be defeated, that we must win.
By virtue of the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its worst and insidious enemy - German fascism. Our troops are heroically fighting the enemy, armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army and Red Navy, overcoming numerous difficulties, are selflessly fighting for every inch of Soviet land. The main forces of the Red Army, armed with thousands of tanks and aircraft, enter the battle. The courage of the soldiers of the Red Army is unparalleled. Our resistance to the enemy is growing stronger and stronger. Together with the Red Army, the entire Soviet people rises to defend the Motherland.
What is required in order to eliminate the danger looming over our Motherland, and what measures must be taken in order to defeat the enemy?
First of all, it is necessary that our people, the Soviet people, understand the full depth of the danger that threatens our country, and renounce complacency, carelessness, the mood for peaceful construction, which was quite understandable in pre-war times, but pernicious at the present time, when the war has radically changed position. The enemy is cruel and relentless. He sets as his goal the seizure of our lands, watered with our sweat, the seizure of our bread and our oil, extracted by our labor. It sets as its goal the restoration of the power of the landowners, the restoration of tsarism, the destruction of the national culture and national statehood of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Uzbeks, Tatars, Moldavians, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other free peoples of the Soviet Union, their Germanization, their transformation into slaves of German princes and barons. Thus, the issue is about the life and death of the Soviet state, about the life and death of the peoples of the USSR, about whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. It is necessary that the Soviet people understand this and stop being carefree, that they mobilize themselves and reorganize all their work on a new, military basis, which knows no mercy for the enemy.
It is necessary, furthermore, that there be no place in our ranks for whiners and cowards, alarmists and deserters, that our people know no fear in the struggle and selflessly go to our patriotic war of liberation against the fascist enslavers. The great Lenin, who created our State, said that the main quality of the Soviet people should be courage, courage, ignorance of fear in the struggle, readiness to fight together with the people against the enemies of our homeland. It is necessary that this magnificent quality of a Bolshevik should become the property of millions and millions of the Red Army, our Red Navy and all the peoples of the Soviet Union.
We must immediately reorganize all our work on a military footing, subordinating everything to the interests of the front and to the tasks of organizing the defeat of the enemy. The peoples of the Soviet Union now see that German fascism is indomitable in its furious malice and hatred of our Motherland, which has ensured free labor and well-being for all working people. The peoples of the Soviet Union must rise up to defend their rights, their land against the enemy.
The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union must defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, display the courage, initiative and intelligence inherent in our people. We must organize all-round assistance to the Red Army, ensure an intensified replenishment of its ranks, ensure its supply with everything necessary, organize the rapid advance of transports with troops and military cargo, and provide extensive assistance to the wounded.
We must strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all our work to the interests of this cause, ensuring the intensified work of all enterprises, producing more rifles, machine guns, guns, cartridges, shells, aircraft, organizing the protection of factories, power plants, telephone and telegraph communications, and establishing local air defense .
We must organize a merciless struggle against all sorts of disorganizers of the rear, deserters, alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, rendering prompt assistance to our destruction battalions in all this. It must be borne in mind that the enemy is cunning, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors. It is necessary to take into account all this and not succumb to provocations. It is necessary to immediately bring to trial the Military Tribunal all those who, with their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of their faces.
With the forced withdrawal of Red Army units, it is necessary to steal the entire rolling stock, not to leave the enemy a single locomotive, not a single wagon, not to leave the enemy a kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. The collective farmers must steal all the livestock, hand over the grain for safekeeping to state bodies for its removal to the rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, bread for fuel, which cannot be exported, must be unconditionally destroyed.
In areas occupied by the enemy, it is necessary to create partisan detachments, mounted and on foot, to create sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army, to kindle guerrilla warfare everywhere and everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to forests, warehouses, convoys. In the occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every turn, disrupt all their activities.
The war with fascist Germany cannot be considered an ordinary war. It is not only a war between two armies. It is at the same time a great war of the entire Soviet people against the German fascist troops. The goal of this nationwide patriotic war against the fascist oppressors is not only to eliminate the danger hanging over our country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism. In this war of liberation, we will not be alone. In this great war we will have true allies in the peoples of Europe and America, including the German people, enslaved by the Nazi bosses. Our war for the freedom of our fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms. It will be a united front of peoples standing for freedom against enslavement and the threat of enslavement from Hitler's fascist armies. In this regard, the historic speech of British Prime Minister Mr. Churchill on helping the Soviet Union and the US government's declaration of readiness to help our country, which can only arouse a feeling of gratitude in the hearts of the peoples of the Soviet Union, are quite understandable and indicative.
Comrades! Our strength is incalculable. An arrogant enemy will soon be convinced of this. Together with the Red Army, many thousands of workers, collective farmers, and intellectuals are rising to war against the attacking enemy. Millions of our people will rise up. The working people of Moscow and Leningrad have already begun to create a multi-thousand people's militia to support the Red Army. In every city that is in danger of being invaded by the enemy, we must create such a people's militia, raise all the working people to fight in order to defend our freedom, our honor, our homeland with our breasts - in our Patriotic War against German Fischism.
In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR, to repulse the enemy who treacherously attacked our homeland, the State Defense Committee was created, in whose hands all power in the state is now concentrated. The State Defense Committee has begun its work and calls on all the people to rally around the party of Lenin-Stalin, around the Soviet Government for the selfless support of the Red Army and the Red Navy, for the defeat of the enemy, for victory.
All our strength is to support our heroic Red Army, our glorious Red Fleet!
All the forces of the people - to defeat the enemy!
Forward, for our victory!
13:11 27.07.2016 | ARTICLES and COMMENTS
To the 75th anniversary of Stalin's address to the Soviet people
Such is our history - great and long-suffering, that there is not a single, as they say, "living place" in it, equally perceived and valued now by the community of the Russian world.
Even this, ingenious in its simplicity, deeply meaningful beginning in the leader’s address to the Soviet people is interpreted by liberal circles - public and church, emboldened, not suddenly arising - as flirting with the people, a forced replacement for the usual Bolshevik rhetoric.
« Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy! I turn to you, my friends!» , - with deep feeling, for the first time in Russian history with such words, Stalin began his speech on the radio on July 3, 1941.
In the verbal triad - “Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters!”, as in a drop of water, reflected the changed, after October 17, the composition of the society of the former Russian Empire. At the head of his "citizens", in the first place, were "comrades", but both of them - all of them, after all, are "brothers and sisters", among whom there are many, direct in spirit, heirs of Orthodox Russia, for whom these two words are particularly memorable and familiar.
Of course, not everything was so simple in Soviet society, and the war confirmed this. Many "citizens" did not fully accept the "comrades", being unable to forgive them "their deeds" in the Red Terror, in the genocide of the Russian people, the destruction of churches and clergy. But, in the words “brothers and sisters”, a call for unification sounded: “A serious danger loomed over our Motherland.”
Common sense, if it is not deliberately turned off, does not allow us to deny the leading role of Stalin - the Supreme Commander of the USSR Armed Forces, Chairman of the State Defense Committee in the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The history of this difficult war testifies that the victory, in the end, was achieved due to the superiority of the Soviet army over the Nazi army, equipped better than the German one with military equipment, thanks to the better organization of the work of the entire industry of the USSR, by the incredible, heroic efforts of all the people at the front and in rear, in partisan detachments and in underground resistance.
The demagogic rhetoric of the liberal hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church: “I believe that Stalin was a monster, a spiritual freak who created a terrible, anti-human system of governing the country, built on lies, violence and terror. He unleashed genocide against the people of his country and bears personal responsibility for the death of millions of innocent people. In this regard, Stalin is quite comparable to Hitler ... Victory in the war is the victory of the people. A people that showed the greatest will to resist. The miracle of victory in the war is a great manifestation of the strength of the spirit of our people, which neither Stalin nor Hitler managed to break” [Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeev). Mission in the world].
"Miracle" is Soviet military equipment: for a long time the best Russian artillery in the world - "God of War", the best tank of the Second World War T-34, the best "flying tank" in the world - the Il-2 armored attack aircraft (the most massive aircraft of the Second World War ), the famous rocket artillery "Katyusha", which terrified the Nazis.
Stalin personally knew all the designers, directors of factories working for the armament of the army, kept under control the timing and number of produced military equipment. So many films have been written and shot about this that only a person who does not want to know and accept the obvious can not know these facts of history.
But, no matter how great Stalin’s merits in building socialism in the USSR, winning the Great Patriotic War, creating our “nuclear shield”, his attitude towards the Russian Orthodox Church, his assessment of the power of that period, remain the main ones in our religious consciousness. Was Stalin's power from God, or was he really a "monster, a spiritual freak" who can be compared with Hitler? Let's take a closer look at this topic.
For people of my generation - the Komsomol members of the 50s, who stood at the mourning post at the banner in those March days of 1953, for our front-line parents - the comparison of Stalin with Hitler is unthinkable, blasphemous and insulting. My own uncle Klemenov Moisei Kaleevich, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, on his last trip to his sister, took with him, along with medals, award certificates for military merit, signed by Stalin. In our city hospital, he soon died, before his death he asked that a rifle salvo be fired at his grave. But he was a private, and this is how military men are buried, only starting with a major, as the local military commissar explained to his mother. Originally from the Kuban, Uncle Moses was a calm, self-possessed person, but I don’t know if he would have restrained himself when he heard such words about Stalin.
On the "Russian People's Line", in the "topical topic" "Stalin", one of its authors explained to readers about people insulting the memory of the leader: « People who curse Stalin are those who understand that they are revealed as the fifth column of our reality.» [Hegumen Evstafiy: Stalin's dialectic - red against black].
I will add, as I understand it, in a broader sense, these words to be true: these people cut off their retreat routes, inspired by forces from outside, they decided to go against Russia and its people.
Stalin destroyed the demons generated by the revolution on Russian soil. Stalin expelled fascist demons from the Russian land. And therefore, following the words of St. John Chrysostom, let us say that it is ridiculous and reckless to identify Hitler with Stalin and say that both of them had power not from God...
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill in July 2009, speaking live on the largest Ukrainian TV channel Inter, said: Both in Nazism and in Stalinism there are repressions, and against their own people, too, as in many other regimes that existed. But how is Nazism different from any other system? It is distinguished by its misanthropy... This is a policy and philosophy that justifies any human cruelty that aims to destroy people. This is why you can't put everything on the same level»...
And the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, regarding the given topic, said that “ it is impossible to put Nazism and Stalinism on the same level, because the Nazis directly, openly, publicly announced one of the goals of their policy - the destruction of entire ethnic groups: Jews, Gypsies, Slavs. With all the ugliness of the Stalinist regime, with all the repressions, even with all the exiles of entire peoples, the Stalinist regime never set itself the goal of destroying peoples, and an attempt to put one and the other on the same level has absolutely no basis.» [cit. by: Igor Evsin. ].
The issue of repression remains one of the key issues in assessing the acts of Stalin. Just do not attribute to him, unprecedented in scale, the genocide of the Russian people under Lenin, perpetrated by his comrades-in-arms Sverdlov, Zinoviev, Trotsky, and there are no number of his associates and successors of the world, global revolution. Hegumen Evstafiy, whose words have already been quoted, speaking about the suffering and the dialectical nature of Stalin's policy, explains: the victims of the Stalinist period were not in vain - they were historically inevitable victims of creation, the construction of a country in which future generations could then live happily.
By the way, Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeev) grew up safely, received an education, including music, which was so useful to him in the army even now, precisely in this country created under Stalin's rule. The victims of the period of the collapse of the USSR, privatization, with its bloody, you can’t say otherwise, redistribution of property, the construction of now, who knows what, capitalism is no less than the “Stalinist repressions” deliberately exaggerated by the Trotskyist Nikita Khrushchev.
Under Stalin, a noticeable increase in the population of the country began: abortions were banned, nurseries, kindergartens, schools were built, human rights to free medical care, education, social security, old-age pensions were realized in practice.
What people are most worried about right now is justice, which has always been in the price in Russia: to live in good conscience. Under Stalin, if there was corruption, it was not in power structures, but mostly in trade. Today, the authorities cannot cope with corruption, even at its highest levels - governors and ministers. Now tell me, was Stalin's power not pleasing to God?!
Stalin creatively, in accordance with the current moment, approached the problems of ideology, considering it the key to educating the people. Here is what one of the authors of the RNL writes about this.
“Recall, for example, how the Soviet ideology changed during the Great Patriotic War. With one appeal of "brothers and sisters" on July 3, 1941, Stalin changed our ideological official doctrine - a completely different spirit blew. He was deeply alien to the atheist Bolsheviks and Trotskyists...
Stalin betrayed pure Leninism-Bolshevism, primarily in spirit. He abandoned the goals of the "world revolution", he put at the forefront the state interests of the empire he was recreating, he rehabilitated Russian patriotism, he recognized the rightful place of the Church in Soviet society - becoming, one might say, like-minded in this with Metropolitan Sergius, who, at his will, was elected Patriarch in 1943 - and not because Stalin would not have wanted this before, but because it was not possible, he would not have been allowed to do this ...
So, the main difference between Stalin and Bolshevism was the return to the Russian spirit in our lives. This is what he most displeased the Bolsheviks-Trotskyists-Leninists, and indeed the completely non-communist pro-Western intelligentsia, and indeed the entire West. And still not satisfied. And will never do. The spirit is not the same! All other talk - about the "cult of personality", about repression - this is all secondary. Lenin had a much greater cult of personality, as well as the victims of Lenin's repressions, completely unfounded - this is all accepted by the "freedom-loving West", this does not bother anyone ... Why? Because it was against traditional Russia, it was of the same spirit with the West, with Russophobia and godlessness, with the one who always stands behind them ... ”[Archpriest Nikolai Bulgakov. Revenge of Bolshevism. To the 60th anniversary of the XX Congress of the CPSU].
Hegumen Evstafiy (Zhakov) expressed a sound idea in his conversation: “Stalin became the “Master” in 1939, when Litvinov, who was closely connected with the West, was removed.” We should draw our attention to this circumstance: too many people like Litvinov, if not in terms of intellectual level, then out of a passionate desire to break through to the top of power, appeared in Russia.
An accurate sign for identifying people of this kind, including Stalin's detractors, is their flashing in the media. After all, it is widely known to everyone: where does the wind blow into the sails of their imaginary “popularity”, which is polar opposite to the real opinion of people who think about them, in whom there has never been a shortage in Russia. The trouble is that the Russian authorities, to put it mildly, do not like such people, limiting their access to the “reins of government”.
Let us return, however, to the topic of this article and give the floor to the author of the RNL, Igor Evsin.
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Sergius (Stargorodsky): “Before the start of the new state year let us pray more earnestly for our God-protected country and for its authorities, headed by our God-given Leader. May the Lord grant them strength and strength for many years to continue their great service for the benefit of the peoples entrusted to them...
Patriarch Alexy (Simansky) in publications ... calls Stalin a brilliant leader, and also “Our God-given Supreme Leader”, “the wise Leader, whom the Providence of God chose and appointed to lead our Fatherland along the path of prosperity and glory» .
Likewise, the famous Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich) - the head of the DECR MP ... calls Stalin a genius, and besides "God put on his feat of serving our Motherland» [Igor Evsin. Stalin. Was his authority from God? ].
“Until the 1930s, Stalin was only one of the most influential political figures, but in subsequent years his political weight in domestic politics was unrivaled. He is the undisputed leader. It should be noted that Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov made their careers thanks to the powerful external support of the special services of England, Germany and the United States. Lenin was burdened with obligations to his sponsors, whom he called "useful idiots" (however, despite endless concessions and sacrifices, he never managed to get rid of their dependence). Trotsky and Sverdlov (people of Wall Street), who were indebted to Jewish world capital, were also under a certain influence of external forces that invested big money in the Russian revolution.
Stalin, it seems, ascended the political Olympus thanks to his own efforts, without the help of foreign intelligence agencies. Being prudent in his connections, he had a chance and was able to become an independent politician, which cannot be said about his political competitors.
Under the leadership of Stalin, the country again, as it was under the Russian autocrats, gained full state sovereignty. Stalin returned autocracy to Russia in a distorted, perverted form. He was able to establish a political system with sole supreme power. During the years of his reign, as in the autocracy, the people knew one name at the top of power - Stalin" [Nikolai Dozmorov. We remember Stalin].
My school years fell on the edges of camps and exiles: Kazakhstan - northern and central, Eastern Siberia. Often the road to the school passed by the "thorn" behind which the prisoners worked, and sometimes, during school hours, we heard the shots of the guards: these were endless attempts to escape from the construction zone. In those parts, almost every fifth or sixth adult man graduated from Stalin's "school", but never, anywhere, from anyone, I had to hear a bad word about Stalin.
I will always remember the words of my mother, spoken by her after the death of the leader: “How will we, son, live without Stalin?” My respectful, without exaltation, attitude towards Stalin was not changed by Khrushchev's report at the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, which was introduced to us in 1956 by the father of my comrade, a front-line soldier, a colonel holding a high position in a prison camp, which was located not far from our houses, on the opposite side of the ravine.
The reading of Solzhenitsyn's books did not change my attitude towards Stalin either. This is like an attitude towards parents - sacred and unquestioning: so that we do not learn new things about them, sometimes not quite pleasant to us, they remain our native people.
Our Stalin, as such for us and our history, will remain forever, and no one can change this fact. Father John (Krestyankin) gave wise advice regarding Joseph Stalin: “Do not condemn him, God is his Judge. Don't be judges" [Leonid Bolotin. Father John (Krestyankin) and his advice to us regarding Joseph Stalin].
Stalin addressed the people repeatedly. We recall the main appeals to the people; we listen to the voice of Joseph Vissarionovich.
"Mouthful Work" (December 11, 1937)
Occasion: Speech at the pre-election meeting of voters of the Stalin district in the Bolshoi Theater.
Promise: The main line of the speech is Stalin's assurance that the deputy is a servant of the people, that each chosen one is obliged to openly conduct political work. An important incentive is to look up to Lenin. In addition to everything, Stalin also highlights in his speech the thesis of the delimitation of socialist and capitalist society. Everything is corrupt and bad with them, everything is honest with us, the work is led by workers, the elections are fair and the water is wetter.
Intonation: This speech by Stalin could well be the speech of a stand-up comedian. Stalin even assures that he does not want to speak and, they say, does not know what to talk about. Almost every phrase of his is met with a standing ovation. The leader jokes, quotes Gogol, behaves in his own way, which causes a violent reaction from the public. The grim irony of this situation is that by this time the purges of the "great terror" had already begun, and Stalin, of course, is disingenuous, taking such a light, friendly intonation.
Quotes: "I turned off the road, voters have the right to demand the appointment of new elections, and the deputy who turned off the road, they have the right to roll on blacks."
"The world has never had such truly free and truly democratic elections, never! History knows no other such example."
“You yourselves, comrades, the family is not without its black sheep. The great Russian writer Gogol quite aptly said about such people of an indefinite type, about people who are more reminiscent of political inhabitants than political figures, about people of such an indefinite, unformed type: “People, he says, indefinite, neither this nor that, you will not understand what kind of people, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan". meat”, “neither a candle to God, nor a poker to hell”.
"Victory will be ours!" (07/3/1941)
Occasion: Beginning of the Great Patriotic War
Promise: The main message of Stalin's speech is that the Soviet people realize the full importance of the war, the full weight of the danger hanging over the country. He says that the "invincibility" of the fascist army is a myth, cites the example of the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm II. It was after this appeal that the expression Great Patriotic War came into circulation. Stalin also emphasizes that the peoples of Europe and America will be the allies of the USSR, calls to join the militia.
Intonation: Stalin's speech is emphatically patriotic. He strengthens the habitual address "comrades" and adds: "Citizens! Brothers and sisters!" Stalin skillfully uses rhetorical devices, making a distinction between "they" and "we", by "we" meaning the entire Soviet people and himself. The intonation of speech is serious, but at the same time devoid of bureaucracy. In a simple, frank way, Stalin calls on the people to unite to fight the enemy.
Quotes: "Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! Soldiers of our army and navy! I turn to you, my friends!
"A serious danger hangs over our Motherland."
"The goal of this nationwide Patriotic War against the fascist oppressors is not only to eliminate the danger hanging over our country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism."
"Comrade Red Army and Red Navy!" (07.11.1941)
Occasion: 24th anniversary of October, Great Patriotic War.
Promise: Stalin's speech was intended to prove the need to fight the fascist invaders. The peculiarity of this speech is in the special conditions in which it was delivered. The most difficult conditions in which the capital found itself did not change the decision to hold the Parade. This made great sense, it gave people confidence in the imminent Victory. On the night before the parade, on Stalin's personal order, the Kremlin stars were uncovered and lit, and the disguise was removed from the mausoleum. It was important for Stalin to show that the Soviet people were not afraid of the enemy. It was a serious challenge and a big risk: 34 German planes were shot down on approach to Red Square.
Intonation: Stalin made the main emphasis in his speech on the fact that the Soviet people are fulfilling a mission and this mission must be fulfilled. Stalin also notes that fascist aggression is not the business of the people of Germany. In Germany, he argues, hunger reigns, respectively, the war with the Nazis is not a war with another people, but a war with a treacherous enemy.
Quotes: "The war you are waging is a liberation war, a just war. Let the courageous image of our great ancestors - Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov inspire you in this war! Let the victorious banner overshadow you great Lenin!
"They will get it!" (11/06/1941)
Occasion: Report at the solemn meeting of the Moscow Council of Working People's Deputies with party and public organizations of the city of Moscow before the 24th anniversary of October.
Promise: Stalin's fiery speech, in which he, in a rather harsh, ultimatum form, says that the Nazis are non-humans who have lost all ideas about honor and conscience, about the boundaries of good and evil, calls Hitler and his close associates animals. Stalin also notes the need to open a second front, defines the tasks of the Red Army, calls Hitler's regime predatory-imperialist.
Intonation: The intonation of this speech is less restrained than the one that was delivered at the parade. Its main task is to set people up for a desperate struggle. Numerous rhetorical devices are used, and Stalin's intonation is frankly provocative, energetic and combative.
Quotes: "Well, if the Germans want to have a war of extermination, they will get it."
"No mercy for the German occupiers!",
"From now on, our task, the task of the peoples of the USSR, the task of the fighters, commanders and political workers of our army and our fleet will be to exterminate every single German who has made his way into the territory of our Motherland as its occupiers."
"The Hitlerite Party is the party of imperialists, moreover, the most predatory and predatory imperialists among all the imperialists of the world."
"And these people, deprived of conscience and honor, people with the morality of animals, have the audacity to call for the destruction of the great Russian nation - the nation of Plekhanov and Lenin, Belinsky and Chernyshevsky, Pushkin and Tolstoy, Glinka and Tchaikovsky, Gorky and Chekhov, Sechenov and Pavlov, Repin and Surikov, Suvorov and Kutuzov!
"Glory to our great people, the victorious people!" (05/09/1945)
Occasion: Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
Promise: In his speech, Stalin focuses on the fact that Nazi Germany did not achieve its goals, speaks of the commonality of the Slavic peoples who defended their freedom in the fight against the enemy. At the same time, Stalin notes that, unlike Hitler, the Soviet Union is not going to dismember and destroy defeated Germany and once again calls the Soviet people the victorious people.
Intonation: Stalin's speech, small in volume, is distinguished by restrained intonation and calm confidence of the head of the victorious country. Only once did Stalin allow himself to focus on the dishonesty of Hitler's policy, calling it "the wolf habit of the German bosses."
Quotes: "Comrades! Compatriots and compatriots!
The great day of Victory over Germany has come. Fascist Germany, brought to its knees by the Red Army and the troops of our allies, has admitted defeat and declared unconditional surrender."
“Three years ago, Hitler publicly declared that his tasks included the dismemberment of the Soviet Union and the separation of the Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states and other regions from it. He stated bluntly: “We will destroy Russia so that she can never rise again.”
"Glory to our heroic Red Army, which defended the independence of our Motherland and won victory over the enemy!
Glory to our great people, the victorious people!"
"Let our Motherland live and prosper!" (09/2/1945)
Occasion: The end of the Second World War.
Promise: In this speech, Stalin attaches great importance to the issue of the Kuril Islands. Stalin notes that the Russo-Japanese war inflicted heavy moral damage on the patriots of Russia, but now, with the victory over Japan, the issue of the Kuriles and Sakhalin will be resolved in favor of the Soviet Union.
Intonation: Stalin uses all the same rhetorical devices, calls the Soviet people the victorious people, glorifies the Far Eastern troops and the Pacific Fleet, restrainedly notes the merit of the allies in the victory.
Quotes: "This means that southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands will go to the Soviet Union and from now on they will serve not as a means of separating the Soviet Union from the ocean and the base of a Japanese attack on our Far East, but as a means of direct communication of the Soviet Union with the ocean and the base of defense of our country from Japanese aggression."
"This means that the end of the Second World War has come. Now we can say that the conditions necessary for world peace have already been won. It should be noted that the Japanese invaders did not only damage our allies China, the United States of America, Great Britain. They caused the most serious damage to our country as well. Therefore, we still have our own special account for Japan."
"Electoral campaign - trial of the ruling party" (02/09/1946)
Occasion: Comrade I.V. Stalin at the election meeting of voters of the Stalinist electoral district of Moscow on February 9, 1946
Promise: Stalin sums up the results of the war, naming the crisis of the capitalist economy as the cause of both world wars. Stalin allocates a special role to the successes of the USSR in industry and economy, citing indicators for different years, and also gives justification for collectivization. In all successes, Stalin notes the merit of the Communist Party and its economic strategy.
Intonation: In contrast to the election speech of 1937, Stalin no longer uses the intonation of "a guy from the people." He is the head of the country that defeated fascism, the master of the people. Stalin again says that the electoral system implies that the chosen one is a servant of the people, and also notes that this time the one-party system will be abolished and the communists will go to the polls in a bloc with non-party people. Of course, this is slyness, but the hall still showers Stalin with applause and ovations.
Quotes: "It should be noted that there are fewer and fewer" critics "of the Red Army. Moreover, in the foreign press, notes appear more and more often that note the high qualities of the Red Army, the skill of its fighters and commanders, the impeccability of its strategy and tactics."
“However, after the lessons of the war, these gentlemen no longer dare to speak out with a denial of the viability of the Soviet state system. Our victory means, thirdly, that the Soviet armed forces won, our Red Army won, that the Red Army heroically withstood all the hardships of the war, smashed the armies of our enemies and emerged victorious from the war." (An exclamation from the spot: "Under the leadership of Comrade Stalin!" Everyone stands up, stormy, long-lasting applause, turning into an ovation).
Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters!
Soldiers of our army and navy!
I turn to you, my friends!
The treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on our Motherland, begun on June 22, continues. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best parts of his aviation have already been defeated and found their grave on the battlefields, the enemy continues to push forward, throwing new forces to the front. Hitler's troops managed to capture Lithuania, a significant part of Latvia, the Western part of Belarus, part of Western Ukraine. Fascist aviation is expanding the areas of operation of its bombers, bombarding Murmansk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol. Our country is in serious danger.
How could it happen that our glorious Red Army surrendered a number of our cities and regions to the fascist troops? Are the German fascist troops really invincible troops, as the boastful fascist propagandists tirelessly trumpet about it?
Of course not! History shows that there are no invincible armies and never have been. Napoleon's army was considered invincible, but it was defeated alternately by Russian, English, German troops. Wilhelm's German army during the first imperialist war was also considered an invincible army, but it was defeated several times by Russian and Anglo-French troops and was finally defeated by Anglo-French troops. The same must be said about Hitler's present German fascist army. This army has not yet encountered serious resistance on the European continent. Only on our territory did it meet with serious resistance. And if, as a result of this resistance, the best divisions of the fascist German army were defeated by our Red Army, then this means that the Nazi fascist army can be defeated and will be defeated just as the armies of Napoleon and Wilhelm were defeated.
As for the fact that part of our territory nevertheless turned out to be captured by fascist German troops, this is mainly due to the fact that the war of fascist Germany against the USSR began under favorable conditions for the German troops and unfavorable for the Soviet troops. The fact is that the troops of Germany, as a country waging war, were already fully mobilized and 170 divisions abandoned by Germany against the USSR and moved to the borders of the USSR were in a state of complete readiness, waiting only for a signal to march, while the Soviet troops needed more mobilize and advance to the borders. Of no small importance here was the fact that fascist Germany unexpectedly and treacherously violated the non-aggression pact concluded in 1939 between it and the USSR, regardless of the fact that it would be recognized by the whole world as the attacking side. It is clear that our peace-loving country, not wanting to take the initiative to violate the pact, could not take the path of treachery.
It may be asked: how could it happen that the Soviet government agreed to conclude an attack pact with such treacherous people and monsters as Hitler and Ribbentrop? Was there a mistake on the part of the Soviet government here? Of course not! A non-aggression pact is a peace pact between two states. It was precisely such a pact that Germany offered us in 1939. Could the Soviet government refuse such an offer? I think that not a single peace-loving state can refuse a peace agreement with a neighboring power, if at the head of this power there are even such monsters and cannibals as Hitler and Ribbentrop. And this, of course, on one indispensable condition - if the peace agreement does not affect either directly or indirectly the territorial integrity, independence and honor of a peace-loving state. As you know, the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the USSR is just such a pact.
What have we gained by signing a non-aggression pact with Germany? We ensured peace for our country for a year and a half and the possibility of preparing our forces for a rebuff if fascist Germany dared to attack our country in defiance of the pact. This is a definite gain for fascist Germany.
What did fascist Germany gain and lose by treacherously breaking the pact and attacking the USSR? She achieved by this some advantageous position for her troops in a short time, but she lost politically, exposing herself in the eyes of the whole world as a bloody aggressor. There can be no doubt that this short military gain for Germany is a serious and lasting factor on the basis of which the decisive military successes of the Red Army in the war against fascist Germany should unfold.
That is why our entire valiant army, our entire valiant navy, all our falcon pilots, all the peoples of our country, all the best people of Europe, America and Asia, and finally, all the best people of Germany stigmatize the perfidious actions of the German fascists and sympathize with To the Soviet governments, they approve of the behavior of the Soviet government and see that our cause is just, that the enemy will be defeated, that we must win.
By virtue of the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its worst and treacherous enemy - German fascism. Our troops are fighting heroically against the enemy, armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army and the Red Navy, overcoming numerous difficulties, are selflessly fighting for every inch of Soviet land. The main forces of the Red Army, armed with thousands of tanks and aircraft, enter the battle. The courage of the soldiers of the Red Army is unparalleled. Our resistance to the enemy is growing stronger and stronger. Together with the Red Army, the entire Soviet people rises to defend the Motherland.
What is required in order to eliminate the danger looming over our Motherland, and what measures must be taken in order to defeat the enemy.
First of all, it is necessary that our people, the Soviet people, understand the full depth of the danger that threatens our country, and renounce complacency, carelessness, and moods of peaceful construction, which were quite understandable in pre-war times, but pernicious at the present time, when the war is fundamentally changed position. The enemy is cruel and relentless. He sets as his goal the seizure of our lands, watered with our sweat, the seizure of our bread and our oil, extracted by our labor. It sets as its goal the restoration of the power of the landowners, the restoration of tsarism, the destruction of the national culture and national statehood of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Uzbeks, Tatars, Moldavians, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other free peoples of the Soviet Union, their Germanization, their transformation into slaves of German princes and barons. Thus, it is a question of life and death of the Soviet state, of life and death of the peoples of the USSR, of whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. It is necessary that the Soviet people understand this and stop being carefree, that they mobilize themselves and reorganize all their work on a new, military basis, which knows no mercy for the enemy.
It is further necessary that there be no place in our ranks for whiners and cowards, alarmists and deserters, that our people know no fear in the struggle and selflessly go to our Patriotic War of Liberation against the fascist enslavers. The great Lenin, who created our state, said that the main quality of the Soviet people should be courage, courage, ignorance of fear in the struggle, readiness to fight together with the people against the enemies of our Motherland. It is necessary that this magnificent quality of a Bolshevik become the property of millions of the Red Army, our Red Navy and all the peoples of the Soviet Union.
We must immediately reorganize all our work on a military footing, subordinating everything to the interests of the front and to the tasks of organizing the defeat of the enemy. The peoples of the Soviet Union now see that German fascism is indomitable in its furious malice and hatred of our Motherland, which has ensured free labor and well-being for all working people. The peoples of the Soviet Union must rise up to defend their rights, their land against the enemy.
The Red Army, the Red Navy and all citizens of the Soviet Union must defend every inch of the Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and ingenuity inherent in our people.
We must organize all-round assistance to the Red Army, ensure an intensified replenishment of its ranks, ensure its supply with everything necessary, organize the rapid advance of transports with troops and military cargo, and provide extensive assistance to the wounded.
We must strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all our work to the interests of this cause, ensuring the intensified work of all enterprises, producing more rifles, machine guns, guns, cartridges, shells, aircraft, organizing the protection of factories, power plants, telephone and telegraph communications, and establishing local air defense .
We must organize a merciless struggle against all sorts of disorganizers of the rear, deserters, alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, rendering prompt assistance to our destruction battalions in all this. It must be borne in mind that the enemy is cunning, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors. It is necessary to take into account all this and not succumb to provocations. All those who, by their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of their faces, must immediately be brought to trial by a military tribunal.
With the forced withdrawal of Red Army units, it is necessary to steal the entire rolling stock, not to leave the enemy a single locomotive, not a single wagon, not to leave the enemy a single kilogram of bread, not a liter of fuel. The collective farmers must steal all the livestock, hand over the grain for safekeeping to state bodies for its removal to the rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, grain and fuel, which cannot be exported, must, of course, be destroyed.
In areas occupied by the enemy, it is necessary to create partisan detachments, mounted and on foot, to create sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army, to kindle guerrilla warfare everywhere and everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to forests, warehouses, convoys.
In the occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every turn, disrupt all measures.
The war with fascist Germany cannot be considered an ordinary war. It is not only a war between two armies. It is at the same time a great war of the entire Soviet people against the German fascist troops. The goal of this nationwide Patriotic War against the fascist oppressors is not only to eliminate the danger hanging over our country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism. In this war of liberation, we will not be alone. In this great war we will have true allies in the peoples of Europe and America, including the German people, enslaved by the Hitlerite rulers. Our war for the freedom of our Fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples
Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms. It will be a united front of the peoples standing for freedom against enslavement and the threat of enslavement from Hitler's fascist armies. In this regard, the historic speech of the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Mr. Churchill, on assistance to the Soviet Union and the Declaration of the US government on readiness to provide assistance to our country, which can only evoke a feeling of gratitude in the hearts of the peoples of the Soviet Union, are quite understandable and indicative.
Comrades! Our strength is incalculable. An arrogant enemy will soon be convinced of this. Together with the Red Army, many thousands of workers, collective farmers, and intellectuals are rising to war against the attacking enemy. Millions of our people will rise up. The working people of Moscow and Leningrad have already begun to create a multi-thousand people's militia to support the Red Army. In every city that is in danger of being invaded by the enemy, we must create such a people's militia, raise all the working people to fight in order to defend our freedom, our honor, our homeland with our breasts in our Patriotic War against German fascism.
In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the peoples of the USSR, to repulse the enemy who treacherously attacked our Motherland, the State Defense Committee was created, in whose hands all power in the state is now concentrated. The State Defense Committee has begun its work and calls on all the people to rally around the party of Lenin-Stalin, around the Soviet government for the selfless support of the Red Army and the Red Navy, for the defeat of the enemy, for victory.
All our strength is to support our heroic Red Army, our glorious Red Fleet!
All the forces of the people - to defeat the enemy!
Forward to our victory!
This text is an introductory piece.
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From the author's bookChapter 2. June 22, 1941. Hitler preempts Stalin with his attack On May 5, 1941, Stalin officially demanded an ideological and propaganda reorientation of the Red Army towards the idea of an offensive and extolled the great superiority of the Red Army, but did not touch on the issue itself
From the author's bookChapter 1. The Genius of Stalin - About the great super-task of 1941 Re-minting the coins of Diogenes from Sinope Two wars in Russian history, 1812-1813. and 1941-1945, were awarded the great honor of being proclaimed Patriotic. They are also brought together by their importance in the national destiny of the Eurasian
From the author's bookJuly 2, 1941 Cadets and teachers of the tank school, the only defenders of the city, fought in the Borisov area. A day later, the fully equipped 1st Moscow Motorized Rifle Division under the command of Major General Yakov came to their aid.
From the author's bookJuly 3, 1941 At 6:30 a.m., the country, with bated breath, listened to the first public speech of Joseph Stalin broadcast on the radio since the start of the war, which began with a heartfelt appeal uncharacteristic of a leader: “Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters!
From the author's bookOn July 4, 1941, 35-year-old Captain Leonid Mikhailov brought down his burning plane on an enemy tank column. On July 22, Mikhailov will be posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Test pilot Stepan Pavlovich Suprun (1907–1941), deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet of the 1st
From the author's bookJuly 25, 1941 Major Popov's feat. The enemy was advancing with large mechanized forces. It was necessary at all costs to detain the enemy. This task was entrusted to Major Popov. At the head of the tank unit, he courageously repelled the frenzied attacks of the numerically superior
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