The wooden bed is considered one of the the best options for a healthy holiday. Eco-friendly material, natural, warm colors, nice texture - far from full list benefits. quality tree can last for years, saving family budget, as well as affect the level of sleep comfort. In this article, we propose to find out what types of wood the beds are made of, if there are significant differences between them, and we will try to choose the most comfortable wooden bed.
What types of wood are beds made from?
Modern bedroom furniture is characterized by a wide variety of materials. In its manufacture, both natural wood and MDF are used, Chipboard boards, metal, and even some artificial elements. Especially popular is the combination of raw materials, which we will talk about later. Returning to the tree, it is important to note that there is also plenty to choose from. All arrays are divided into 2 large groups:
- Soft breeds.
- Hard rocks.
The first one includes coniferous trees(pine, spruce, cedar, thuja), as well as aspen, linden, alder. The second group includes oak, birch, ash, maple, beech, walnut. Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of each type.
Coniferous trees
They are considered soft rocks that are susceptible to cracking under heavy loads. However, this has little effect on their level of popularity among consumers. Such furniture is always in demand, primarily because of the price. Relative to other breeds, conifers are the most affordable in terms of cost. Also, their significant advantage is the antiseptic properties of the resins contained in the wood. They not only give a light aroma of coniferous forest in the room, but disinfect the air and repel wood pests.
Alder
Is inexpensive, moderately durable material. It is not prone to cracking, but frequent mechanical impact (jumping, big weight) can damage the tree. There are also nuances regarding fastening materials: it holds screws and bolts well, but it can crack from driving in nails. An important advantage of alder is that it is not afraid of water, so it is good for children to choose a bed from this breed.
Linden
Mainly used for internal parts beds, because susceptible to the influence of external factors. Very dry air can cause wood cracking, moisture can cause fungus, direct sunlight can cause discoloration. But at the same time, it is quite resistant to mechanical damage, has a beautiful, warm shade.
Oak
It is a durable, hard, strong material that easily withstands adverse external factors. The bed from the massif of an oak is a classic, durability, wear resistance. The only drawback is the price, a product made from such wood is considered elite, and not accessible to everyone.
Birch
Material of average hardness, does not give in to splits at mechanical influences holds fasteners well. It needs mandatory treatment, without which it is easily able to become infected with a fungus. In our latitudes, it is considered a common material in the manufacture of furniture, of an average price category.
Ash
Has a solid durable wood, which does not fit mechanical damage. However, the ash also does not want to contact with protective impregnations, therefore, such a bed should be regularly checked for pests - wood bugs. An array of ash is not cheap, but the durability fully justifies the price.
Beech
Hard, dense material, but its strength is lower than that of oak. It is able to bend under heavy weight, warp with changes in humidity. Processed by special means wood that is in a stable climate lasts a long time. Beech beds are positioned in the middle price category.
Combination of materials in the process of making a bed
To make their products more affordable, today furniture manufacturers often resort to a combination of hard and soft woods. This approach makes it possible to get a quality bed at an affordable price.
So, all load-bearing elements are made from ash or birch beams, and the inner bottom, headboard, from plywood sheets conifers. Also often used is a combination of laminated chipboard in the frame and birch lamellas as the basis for the mattress. Often, a pine frame is placed on legs made of stronger ash, which increases the service life of coniferous furniture, and heavy oak is lightened with birch lamellas.
Which is better, a whole array or a combination different breeds tree is hard to answer. Both options are practical and perform well during operation. When choosing, they still focus on an affordable budget, because solid bars definitely more expensive. Although, textile or metal inserts at the head of the headboard, equipment without a footboard, and the exclusion of other additional elements can somewhat reduce the cost of solid wood beds.
How to choose the right wooden bed
The choice of a bed made of wood involves taking into account such factors:
- room size;
- bed size;
- room microclimate;
- access to direct sunlight in the selected space.
Any of the above circumstances may affect the operation of the bed, as a result - worsen or improve it. So, if the bedroom is small, then a dark, oak bed will make it heavier, make it gloomy. In small spaces, it is better to use light birch. room with high humidity negatively affect the beech bed, over time it will simply deform, or worse, it will begin to rot. Alder furniture will be suitable for such a room. Excessive amount sunlight worsen the sleeping bed, which was made with linden details, instead it is better to take a bed made of pine. Under the influence of the rays from the wood, coniferous oils will evaporate and disinfect the room.
From what type of materials to choose a wooden bed depends entirely on financial opportunities. The furniture market offers both solid arrays, wooden panels, and beds with combined raw materials, which can be viewed at
The range of cots for newborns is not just great: it is huge, and getting lost in the sea of opportunities is much easier than doing it. right choice. Meanwhile, after the birth and in the next few months, the child will spend most of the time in bed.
Which is better - cradle or classical? Take a standard version or a transforming bed?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of arenas? The specialists of the online store "Daughters-Sonochki" give useful recommendations so that you can make the right decision.
The main types of cribs
Cradle
An option for the smallest, from birth to 3-6 months, but the manufacturer provides for the possibility of using such products for up to a year (until the child's height reaches 80 cm). After the cradle, the baby moves to the crib.
The undoubted advantages of this product include its small size(the child may be afraid of unlimited space at first, and the cradle becomes perfect place for sleeping a newborn) and the ability to rock. As a rule, this type of bed is equipped with handles for convenient transportation of the basket along with the baby.
The cradle can have a stationary stand or be installed in a baby bed with straps. The first option, as a rule, is noticeably lower, and therefore outperforms the “classics” in terms of ease of use. This advantage becomes apparent during night feedings, when several times a night it becomes necessary to pick up the baby in your arms and return it back to the cradle.
The cradle can be placed next to the parent's bed: then the baby will be constantly in sight.
Transformer
It is a product that combines the function of a bed and another piece of furniture - usually a changing table and / or chest of drawers. Some models turn into teenage models when transformed; the upper sides form a table, complemented by a pedestal - a former chest of drawers.
Transformers are designed for babies from birth to 6-7 years. As the child grows older, additional elements are removed, thereby increasing the length of the bed. Some models “know how” to lengthen even more and are suitable for sleeping until the child reaches adolescence.
Arena
Folding models are combined under this name; They are convenient to use when traveling. The arenas are made of light materials - metal, plastic and special fabric. All elements are easy to clean, so there should be no difficulties in caring for them. Beds of this type do not need to be supplemented with a mattress, but if desired, it can be purchased separately.
Given the specifics of the application, the arenas differ from the “classics” in size: as a rule, they are slightly shorter and wider than the standard ones. In terms of functionality, this type of baby bed is in no way inferior to the standard options: they also have an upper level of the bottom, which is used from birth to three months, additional elements such as a changing table and shelves for cosmetics, a mobile for toys, a hood and a pocket for small things. A handy feature is the zipper on the side wall, which allows the child to independently open a hole for himself to get out of the crib.
AT recent times arenas are often purchased for stationary use - it is convenient for parents to deal with a light, maneuverable bed that can be moved around the apartment during the day with the baby in it.
What should be a crib?
As for the age of the child up to which this version of the crib can be used, due to the specifics of the design, the manufacturer usually limits the upper bar to 3 years, often also in conjunction with the designation of the weight limit mark: there are models that can be used for children no heavier than 6-7 kg, there are more stable options - up to 13 or 15 kg. It is clear that by the age of three, the baby can outgrow these marks.
Dimensions
Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of a large living space, and often a crib has to fit into a very limited space, when literally every centimeter counts.
The usual dimensions are 120x60 cm. But you can find models from 59 (cradle) to 180 cm long, and the width varies from 42 (cradle) and 55 cm to 140 cm.
If you choose a bed custom sizes, think about whether you can pick up bed linen and a mattress for it.
Possibility to change the level of the bottom
It is possible to change the height of the bottom for almost everyone; but the number of levels may vary - from 2 to 5. Five levels are important for those who practice co-sleeping, when it is important to match the bottom of the crib with the height of the parent's bed.
The bottom is set to the upper level for the smallest: then it is convenient for the mother to lay the baby. Later, when he learns to sit down and rise, the bottom must be lowered. It is important that the lower level is located at a distance of 60-65 cm from the upper edge of the sides, i.e. if the child will stand in the crib, the top rail should not be lower than his armpits.
Availability of car wall
Autowall is the mobility of one of the side walls, which can be lowered and raised. Serves the same purpose as changing the height of the bottom, but if in order to move the bottom level, it is necessary to disassemble and reassemble the bed, then the car wall can be moved literally in one motion
Rocking runners
Instead of legs, the crib can be equipped with curved skids, which, if necessary, allow you to rock the sleeping baby. When the child gets older and already rises on his own, the bed needs to be fixed in a stationary state: if your choice falls on a model with runners, be sure to check if there are special latches.
wheels
If you plan to move the crib around the room, including with the child in it, you should purchase a model equipped with wheels. By the way, removable wheels can be combined with skids, however, with the wheels installed, the rocking function does not work.
Also, keep in mind that moving wheels can create a lot of problems when the bed is not fixed, say, between a wall and the parent's sleeping area. To prevent movement, wheel locks will not be superfluous.
pendulum mechanism
It is a movable suspension for a newborn on belts, which allows you to effectively rock the baby without taking him in your arms. The pendulum can be longitudinal (along the body of the baby), transverse (respectively, across) or universal (swing in two directions).
Consider this point: depending on the type of pendulum, it is necessary to take at least another 10 centimeters to the length or width of the crib in order to swing it. There must be a possibility of fixation, so that as the baby grows older, he cannot swing himself.
Download or not?
Doctors believe that it is not worth accustoming a child to rocking, and the tendency to “pump in” the pain of an infant in this way is considered unhealthy, since the causes of crying can be very serious.
Supporters of motion sickness put forward their arguments: the child is accustomed to rocking - the mother's walking during pregnancy, and in case of anxiety, rocking allows him to return to a harmonious emotional state. It is clear that this is not about intentional shaking, but about smooth walking with a child in her arms. Approximately the same effect can be achieved if you rock the baby in a cradle, crib or stroller.
Interview
How much did you use the swing crib?
- Actively used - 28%
- Used little - 36%
- Didn't role at all - 36%
The following people took part in the survey:
437
human
Drawer in under bed
A baby's dowry takes up a surprising amount of space, and a roomy drawer under a newborn's crib does a great job of storing diapers and clothes, and later toys. Many models are not equipped with a drawer, so we advise you to immediately decide whether you need it. If you purchase a stock without a box (such options are cheaper), but later feel that you need one, it will not be easy to find the right container in size and style.
But even with such a “little thing” as a box, in an ill-conceived design, difficulties in operation may arise: for example, some of them roll out from under the bed on their own (especially true for models that have skids or a pendulum mechanism). Other buyers note that if the box is without a lid, then dust accumulates in it - you have to pack its contents in bags, because, as a rule, it is children's things that are stored in the box. If these moments are fundamental for you, it makes sense to consider the assembled model in the store, and only then make a purchase decision.
Number of boxes different models may vary.
Silicone pads
They are located on the upper rails, but their relevance increases during the period when the child is teething. If we neglect this point, we will have not just gnawed slats, but the main thing is constant anxiety that the child will bite off and swallow part of the coating, and worries about the safety of the first teeth.
Silicone pads, made of the same material as the teether toys, are completely safe, protecting the baby's teeth and bed rails from damage.
Completeness with a mattress
Usually mattresses are sold separately, so the buyer gets the opportunity to individually select suitable option. It makes sense to look for the “right” mattress (Read the article “How to choose a children’s mattress”). As for the dimensions, the gap between the mattress and the walls should be minimal, no more than 1-2 cm.
If a mattress goes complete with a crib, you get rid of the need for a separate selection of this important element.
Bottom version
The bottom can be rack or solid. The advantages of the first option are that the mattress is constantly ventilated. This means that they will not linger in it. unpleasant odors and moisture.
Removable rails and distance between them
A grown child constantly strives to get out of the crib, but it is clear that he is unlikely to be able to climb over the side and not fall. Take off side wall it's still too early - the baby can easily fall out in a dream. But if the side wall slats are removed, we get perfect option, in which the child himself, without the help of parents, has the opportunity to get out, but there is no threat of falling during sleep.
As for the distance between the slats, it is desirable that it be within 6-7 cm: if the slats are located more often, there is a high risk that the handle or leg of the crumb will get stuck between them; if less often - the head.
beautiful excesses
Sometimes beauty is put by the manufacturer higher than safety and ease of use. Well, if you have the opportunity to inspect the already assembled bed, make sure that it does not have sharp corners that the child and parents can hit.
Let's say, beautiful elements - knobs. In practice, they bring a lot of trouble: sleeves constantly cling to them and elbows hit. The same can apply to the curly edge of the headboards.
Production material
Traditionally, baby cribs have been made from wood, a natural, breathable material that is considered best for babies. Today wooden beds serious competition was made of metal, as well as those made of chipboard and MDF.
Specialists concerned about the health of the child have no complaints about wood, but only if safe varnish or paint was used to process it. For production, alder, beech, oak, maple, birch and pine are used. Pine cribs are the cheapest, but they are the softest woods. Traces from the baby's teeth will definitely remain on it.
MDF is tile material from wood fibers. Its advantage is increased reliability compared to wood; in addition, it is safe, since no harmful resins are used in its production. Variations in the use of this material are different: there are beds that are made exclusively from MDF (manufacturer Vlana), there are options where MDF and chipboard (Vlana), MDF and wood are combined.
But chipboard often emits formaldehyde, and although cribs with its use have a very attractive cost, we advise you to refuse such an acquisition. If your choice fell on a model made with using chipboard, ask the seller for a hygiene certificate and a certificate of conformity to personally verify that no harmful substances were used in the production. Products from a combination of MDF and chipboard are available from a manufacturer such as Vlana.
Metal is used to make very durable and, as a rule, extremely attractive models of baby beds, which are in the assortment of the Lider Kids manufacturer. If the plans are to purchase a bed that can be used for both the second and third child, then a metal crib will do the job. Possible disadvantages of metal structures include their high cost.
Having set priorities, you can easily form a list of the most preferred quality and functional characteristics for yourself, and only then decide on a specific model. With this approach, you will never have to regret the perfect purchase.
THREE "NOT" WHEN PURCHASING
There are no trifles in the production of beds for newborns. The smell of varnish can cause allergies; improperly processed wood - small splinters; chipped plastic elements-cuts.
The specific smell of a new crib is a common phenomenon, but, of course, it should be a barely noticeable aroma, and in order to avoid the occurrence of allergic reactions, the purchased and unpacked purchase must be kept in a ventilated room for at least two to three weeks: after the specified time, the smell should disappear. This feature is the main reason why experts advise purchasing a bed in advance, at least two weeks before the expected date of birth of the child.
Specialists of the Daughters-Sonochki online store recommend paying attention to the following aspects that will help you avoid purchasing a low-quality, and therefore unsafe crib for your child:
Important
- Do not purchase a bed that has irregularities in the processing of the frame or visible damage: even small crack poses a great threat to the health of the baby.
- If the bed is made using varnish or paint, do not be too lazy to look at the hygiene certificate and the certificate of conformity: it records what materials were used in the manufacture: lead and formaldehyde should not appear among them, and the “correct” paints are made from resins on water based; do not purchase a crib that emits a noticeable smell of paints and varnishes.
- Refuse to buy if plastic and metal elements not "recessed" into the frame material.
Does a high price guarantee impeccable quality?
The quality and cost of a baby bed are two quantities that are not directly related to each other. The lower threshold of the price tag starts from 1,500 rubles, but the best demand among Russians is for models that are in the range from 3 to 15 thousand rubles. The upper bar of cost is limited only by your financial capabilities.
Of course, famous brand- a relatively reliable guarantee of quality and safe execution beds. But inexpensive and simple models with the right mattress and purchased from a reputable store or chain (rather than the market or handmade) can also be a good and healthy place for your little one to sleep.
What is the cost of the product? Oddly enough, the material from which the bed is made plays far from primary role in setting the price, but it is significantly increased additional functions(for example, a pendulum), design and, of course, the brand.
Star Choice
- Singer Beyoncé purchased for her beloved daughter a spacious and exclusive Vetro bed from NurseryWorks, made of transparent acrylic and equipped with a mattress from the same manufacturer. The cost of such a luxurious bed was 3.5 thousand dollars.
- Actress Dana Devon has much more modest requests: she opted for the elegant Star Finial metal bed from Corsican Iron Furniture in classical style, with hand-finishing, thin rods and high knobs costing “only” 1.7 thousand dollars.
WHERE TO BUY A BED?
The best option for making a purchase are large chain and good online stores: the opportunity to purchase low-quality goods there is minimized.
Purchasing on the market is associated with a number of risks - for example, the prevalence of fakes; cheap cribs made of low-quality materials that pose a threat to the health of the baby.
With regard to the purchase of a bed that has already been in use, this is allowed on one condition: the product is not damaged. But the mattress needs to be replaced with a new one.
It is important when choosing to pay attention to:
- Decide where the bed will be placed; based on this, determine the desired dimensions of the product
- Decide on the type of crib (cradle; classic; transformer; playpen bed) and the material from which it should be made (solid wood, MDF, chipboard or metal)
- Decide on the desired functionality of the selected product
- whether it is necessary to change the level of the bottom
- possibility to lengthen sleeping place(for transformers)
- Is it important to have an auto-wall and the ability to remove the side wall?
- the presence of skids for swinging (and the ability to fix them in a stationary state)
- the presence of wheels (clamps for them)
- pendulum mechanism (and its type - longitudinal, transverse, universal - taking into account the space that you are ready to allocate for placing a crib)
- drawer in under bed
- silicone top rails
- complete set with a chest of drawers and / or a changing table (for transformers), as well as variations of the subsequent transformation: into a teenage bed plus an addition: a free-standing chest of drawers, desk with pedestal, bedside table, dresser and bookshelves; we also advise you to consider purchasing the bed, chest of drawers and changing table (or changing board or mattress) separately
Crib selection example
You are about to have a baby; the room in which he will be located is small, and the space allotted for it is limited to 130x130 cm; enough to sleep a baby up to three years. Thus, a standard bed 120x60 cm will fit here, and there is even an extra bed.
Popular manufacturers
Well-known manufacturers carefully monitor compliance with the technology of manufacturing children's goods. According to buyers, the products of the following companies are distinguished by special reliability, beauty and thoughtfulness of the design:
- a red star
- Kubanlesstroy
- Gandylyan
- Vedrus
- RIO-SP LLC
- SKV-Company
- Carat
conclusions
Important requirements that the bed must meet are the ability to change the level of the bottom, the pendulum mechanism, silicone pads and the drawer. The desired material from which the product should be made is a strong tree so that the next children do not need to purchase another one. Because the space is limited in length, but there is a margin in width, the pendulum mechanism must be transverse.
All of the above requirements are met by cribs from manufacturers Kubanlesstroy, Krasnaya Zvezda.
A high-quality and beautiful crib is one of the most important factors that ensure healthy sleep your baby and him harmonious development in the first months of life. But acquiring is only half the battle. You are also expected pleasant chores on the choice of bed linen, the selection of soft sides (bumpers), a canopy, toys for the crib.
It seems that there is nothing unnatural in the fact that you want to arrange a royal bed for your beloved baby. The pictures are so tempting, and the models are diverse ... Now you already imagine your little prince or a canopied princess among ruffles and lace... But don't let your imagination run wild until you know all the essential items to consider when buying a crib.
Between the tummy and the crib, in fact, there is another stage - the cradle. It has been widely used for millennia and centuries, but now the cradle is more perceived as an optional luxury. And, nevertheless, up to three months, the baby can sleep in it. Spared from the still unaccustomed space, in a cozy cradle, he will sway gently and easily, almost like in his mother's tummy. Some young parents would not refuse a romantic cradle. But still, most get a crib. Here we will talk more specifically about the crib.
Material
First of all, it must be, no matter how trite, environmentally friendly, that is, it must not contain substances harmful to the human body. Confirmation of this should be sought in the hygiene certificate of the goods.
Wood
Involuntarily, we tend to prefer natural materials. Many of us grew up in wooden beds.
The tree freely passes air, which is very important for good sleep.
However, there are also disadvantages: if the tree turns out to be too soft (which is typical for cheaper pine) or poorly processed, then in the future, when the baby begins to try teeth on the crib, she is in serious danger of being simply eaten. The child, on the other hand, can splinter the arms and legs as soon as he starts checking his “home” for strength. Therefore, it is preferable to choose a bed made of more durable woods: alder, maple, birch. An expensive option is very hard beech.
By purchasing wooden crib, personally check all its elements, especially on inside, for the quality of processing. To do this, carefully stroke it with your hands, checking for notches and roughness.
MDF (fine fraction of wood)
This material is quite hardy and can for a long time endure the onslaught of the baby with impunity. An MDF bed can be considered an acceptable alternative to wood, as no harmful substances are used in the production of this material. But the presence of parts made of chipboard or plywood is best avoided.
Plastic
good plastic- lightweight, durable, hypoallergenic. Parents themselves decide how comfortable the baby will be surrounded by plastic. If the room in which the crib will be located is large enough and well ventilated, then this is unlikely to be a big problem.
Steel
Not so common stuff. As a rule, you don’t have to worry about the strength of such a crib, especially if there is no initial marriage in it, which should be clarified first.
Coating
The paint or varnish covering the crib must be non-toxic. Otherwise, these components will become an unpleasant supplement to the nutrition of your baby, if he decides to “sharpen” the sides or slats.
Some prefer a particular color to the natural color of well-crafted wood, based on the characteristics of their interior.
How to choose from all this abundance of presented furniture what is not only affordable for parents, but also safe for the baby. The latter is especially important when it comes to buying a crib. Manufacturers offer moms and dads such a variety of designs and materials used that it's easy to get confused.
When choosing a baby crib, first of all, you need to decide on the material from which it is made. Cribs are made of wood (aspen, pine, fir, birch, beech, oak) or “combined” - made of wood and chipboard (fiberboard, plywood), as well as other artificially created materials from woodworking waste (sawdust, shavings, wood dust ). In addition, modern manufacturers make children's furniture from metal.
Of course, wooden cribs are beyond competition: it was not for nothing that our ancestors rocked their children to sleep in them. Another thing is that you need to figure out which type of tree is right for your child. What is the difference between furniture made of pine and aspen? So, aspen beds are usually inexpensive. True, keep in mind that this wood is very soft and such furniture will quickly “cover” with scratches and lose its marketable condition. But such cheap furniture convenient and not a pity to buy, for example, for a summer residence or a village. But pine beds are more durable and very beautiful - the texture of the tree is clearly expressed, the natural ornament is good in itself. Children's furniture made of birch is also quite durable, and beech is good because it practically does not scratch, it will last you a long time and at the same time it will practically not lose its appearance. Beech is also good because the wood texture creates cozy atmosphere in the room. In any case, no matter what type of wood suits your home in terms of design and qualities, the main thing to remember is that a wooden bed is an environmentally friendly product, which is worth a lot in today's environment.
What else is worth considering when choosing a wooden crib? Design, portability and utility. There are beds simply on legs, and sometimes with wheels that are fixed, or, as an option, a rocking bed: if you want - swing along, if you want - across.
To save living space, it is good if the baby's bed is equipped with a box for the necessary things. It is very convenient when the bed has two drawers independent of each other. Or maybe it makes sense to get a bed with a chest of drawers, where there is a folding changing table. It is very convenient: there is a place to put diapers and a place where to swaddle the baby.
The drop-down side of the bed is convenient for parents. Just look carefully: it must have a safe, reliable mechanism. It is best that it is not visible and accessible to the baby in order to avoid injury. On the side of the bed, linings are installed - teethers. A very useful item. They are made from PVC and silicone. The latter are considered more environmentally friendly and have a transparent appearance. Pay attention to the adjuster of the bottom of the bed, so that as the child grows, you can make the bed deeper.
Now about spokes. It is better to choose fences with an oval section - so it will be more convenient for the baby to hold on; in addition, it can prevent dislocation of the hand when the baby starts to stand up. Naturally, the surface of the bed should be flat, smooth, without flaws and irregularities, the distance between the knitting needles should be safe: so that the baby's head does not pass between them.
Great attention when choosing children's furniture should be given to the coating. It must comply with GOST, and the goods must have a certificate of conformity and a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. Children's furniture is covered with both ordinary varnishes and special ones that “hide” defects. Thanks to them, scratches that cannot be avoided are almost invisible.
And finally, let's once again note the advantages of wooden children's furniture. She is durable. Plywood, fiberboard, chipboard and others artificial materials, as practice shows, require very careful operation. In addition, if the overall shell of the product is violated, the release of harmful substances. FROM wooden furniture this will not happen - it is environmentally friendly. What about the smell? How amazing does a wooden crib smell, or baby things that you store in a wooden chest of drawers? What could be better for a baby if nature itself takes care of him and his sleep? This was the case many decades ago. And so it will be forever.
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