help command on the command line. All Windows command line commands in one place

Windows to communicate with a computer in a language it understands. However, programs are still launched using the usual command line (console). It is the ancestor of the interface and a means of communication between the user and the PC. The essence of the work is that commands are entered into a line using the keyboard. This management method is often used by system administrators. Regular users should also know the basic commands.

Console - what is it?

launch Windows programs carried out using the console - command line. This is one of the types of text interface that has become available to many MS DOS users. Commands are entered into the command line in manual mode. The console is considered by many to be an obsolete way of managing that users and system specialists often need. The command line is a black window with a green location label and a blinking cursor. The corresponding command for the computer is entered in the specified place.

The command line is an incredibly handy window for solving a lot of problems. However, to interact with the console, you will need knowledge of writing commands. The advantage is that they reduce the time to complete complex actions. To do this, just enter the desired task in the line.

Why are commands needed?

Commands for the command line are necessary to establish user contact with the operating system and computer. Work with command line is an urgent need for professionals who deal with system administration. The console is a small part of what can be used as a tool to work with Windows. The command line is convenient, fast, with its help it is easy to solve many issues. To work with it, you will need knowledge of teams and skills that will lead to a positive result.

CMD - there are a lot of commands. Practicing will help you remember the main ones. With the help of commands, you can change, edit files, create, restore partitions, configure, start, restart the computer, delete folders, copy, and much more. Experts advise making a list of important commands in alphabetical order in a notebook. It is convenient and helps to quickly navigate.

How to start?

Commands for the Windows command line run without much difficulty. Despite the graphical interface, the console has always been and is the main control element of the computer. The basics of working with the console will be useful to the average user. To start the command line, open the menu: "Start" - "Run". Enter the word "Cmd" in the window that appears, press "Enter". If the version of the operating system does not have the "Run" item, then the combination "Win + R".

In Windows 7, right-click on "Start", go to "Properties" - "Settings", check the box next to "Run". If you want to open the console as an administrator, type "Cmd" in the "Start" search bar, right-click on the "Cmd" program, select "Run as administrator". It is convenient to create a shortcut on the desktop that will open the console. The appearance of the line window can be changed at the request of the user (color, font, location).

Sometimes you may have problems copying and pasting text into the command line. In the case of the console, the clipboard buttons do not work. If you want to make a copy, right-click on the window, select "Mark", select the text with the left mouse button, and then right-click. To paste text or caption, right-click on the "Paste" command prompt window. In addition, you can work with the console using "hot" keys on the keyboard, the "up / down" arrows.

Main

The main commands for the command line help the user to solve tasks of paramount importance in a short time.

Additional

The list of commands, which is auxiliary, is often used by system specialists to work with information located on the hard drive.

The "Format" command deletes data from the hard drive, prepares it for copying. As an example of a formatting command: "FORMAT drive:/FS:FAT (file system)".
"FC" command compares files with each other.
"IPCONFIG" - shows full information about the Network settings, and also informs about the type of network connection "IPCONFIG / ALL".
The "PING" command will check the availability of the site. Example: "PING fb.ru". The presence of numbers in the answer indicates that everything is in order, the site is available for visiting.

Network Commands

The command-line commands for the Web allow you to efficiently surf the Internet, fix errors, and configure settings. If you need to know your IP address, enter the "ipconfig" command in the console. In different variations of the Internet connection, you can find out complete information about the Network. After entering, the user will receive a list of network connections that are used by the computer. If the user's computer is connected to the Internet via Wi-Fi, the master gateway will be selected to communicate with the router. The user can access its settings through a command entered into the console. If the computer is connected to local network, you can find out about the IP address through the command line with the appropriate request.

Using the "Ping" and "Tracert" commands, the user will quickly find and fix problems in the Internet and browser. The "netstat -an" command displays network connections and ports. This is a very useful program because it displays various network statistics. The "-an" switch opens a list of available network connections, ports and IP addresses. The "Telnet" command connects to the servers of the same name. If you need to get information about network settings, use the "Ipconfig" command. Without additional options, the command displays information about the IP address. If you need specific information, complete the "All" command. Entered in the line "Ipconfig / flushdns" - clears the cache in Windows.

Filters

Filters are command line commands that are used with the channel redirect character. They are needed to sort, view and select information from other teams. Filters organize, divide, highlight part of the information that passes through them. These commands include the following:

"More" - displays the contents of the file;
"Find" - searches for the specified characters;
"Sort" - sorts files alphabetically.

In order to send data from the file, the symbol "L" is used, to direct the channel to the output "I".

Shutdown

In addition to the built-in CMD, the console is used to run regular programs. In order to enter it, just type the desired combination of letters in the "Run" window. If you need to view the results, it's better to use a string. "SHUTDOWN" is a command that shuts down Windows if the Start button does not work for some reason. It will come in handy if the computer is performing a task that cannot be interrupted (and the user needs to leave and not leave the computer turned on for for a long time). The device will automatically turn itself off when the work is completed. It's better than setting a timer.

Type the following command "Shutdown-s-t-1300", press "Enter". The numbers are the time in seconds after which the device will turn off. The command to restart the computer from the command line is as follows: "Shutdown-r". Click "Confirm" to activate. The "At" command - starts the PC at the time specified by the user. This utility reads and groups jobs into operating system Windows.

Formatting

The list of commands for the console is huge. Many of them are harmless and simple, but there are special ones among them that require caution on the part of the user. Be careful! Sometimes it is necessary to completely format a disk or flash drive. The command to delete all data looks like this: "Format C", auxiliary parameters "/fs" - determine the location of the file system of the formatting disk, "/v" - sets the volume label, "/a" - cluster size. Do not execute the format command if you are not sure of your actions and do not know why this is necessary. The command deletes all information from the PC!

Examination

Some command line commands are designed to check disks for system errors. The "CHKDSK" command without additional parameters displays information about the status of the hard disk. If errors are found, additionally enter "/f" to correct them. Before checking a disk, block it. If the console is full of commands, type "c/s" into the line to clear the screen.

System files will be checked by the "Sfc" command. It can be used to recover damaged files. The command is supplemented with the parameters "/scannow", "/scanonce", "/scanboot", which check and fix system errors in files.

Other

It is not possible to know all the commands of a line, but some of them will be useful to the user. For example, the "Assoc" command changes the association between an extension and a file type. If the user wants to know detailed information about the operating system and the state of the computer, he should type "Systeminfo". Using the Regent system registry editor, you can change hidden OS settings. However, if you do not know what's what, it is not recommended to do this because of the risk of breaking Windows. Calling the system configuration - special service is easy by typing "Msconfic" at the command line. If you want to learn more about the commands, write "Help" in the console line, taking into account that the seventh or eighth version of Windows acts as the operating system.

Experts include network, system and filters among useful commands for the user. The "At" command consists of a whole set of commands that are used to install, reinstall, configure the modem. It is also considered the planning team. With its help, you can change, cancel, set up tasks for a remote or local computer. In operating system Windows is better use the "SCHTASKS" utility instead of the "At" command. Its possibilities are much wider.

Most users personal computers do not face the need to use any CMD command. Many simply lack the functions provided by the visual shell of the operating system. However, there are situations when you have to manipulate the system directly, and that's when the command line comes to the rescue.

What is command line

This software is part of the standard programs of the system. CMD gives the user the ability to work with the system and files directly. The application has a text interface, and the result of the execution is displayed on the screen. Simply put, the command line translates user requests into a form that the system can understand. Outwardly, of course, the program does not look very familiar to a simple user, but at the same time it has a number of positive properties, and besides, it is faster than the visual component. built into every version of the Windows operating system.

Ways to start the command line

The developers of the operating system have provided several options for launching CMD:

Go to the Start menu / Accessories / then select "Command Prompt" from the list.
Go to the Start menu, select "Run", in the window that appears, enter CMD.exe in the line. You can also call the "Run" window using the Win + R key combination.
Go to the system folder C:\Windows\system32 and select the CMD.exe program.

Most of the most important commands can be accessed using the Help command. After entering this query, Windows CMD commands will appear with information on how to use them. All of them can be divided into several fairly large groups. Their separation occurs according to the principle of application. For example, cmd commands run used commands. Below are the most common ones. They are also the most necessary commands of the CMD line.

Basic commands for working with system directories

This list of commands will come in handy if you need to access folders located in the system:

Dir - Provides the ability to view folders as a list. With additional command-line criteria, you can sort directories by a number of options.
RD - provides the ability to remove an unnecessary directory. With additional options, you can set deletion criteria: for example, delete several folders at once.
MD - the command creates a new folder (catalog). Various options allow you to create different types of directories.
CD - provides the ability to move from one directory to another, in some cases you will need to use quotes.
XCopy - used to copy folders without changing their structure. Unlike Copy, this one has more advanced command capabilities. Through CMD with this request, you can perform quite flexible operations.
Tree - provides the ability to display directories in a graphical form. By default, the display occurs through pseudographics.
Move - used for both moving and renaming a directory. The command makes it possible to move several folders at a time.

Basic commands for working with files

These CMD file commands can be useful for many personal computer users:

del - command used to delete. Can be used to delete one or more files. In addition, it is possible to delete read-only files;
edit - the command launches a text editor;
ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
move - used to move and rename a file;
copy con - allows you to create a new file;
fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearing characters that give information about the status of the comparison;
type - applicable for text documents. The execution of the command is to display the contents of the file on the screen;
copy - allows you to copy as well as merge files.

Commands for diagnosing the hard drive computer and system

In addition to all the above advantages, CMD commands allow you to check for errors in the operation of hard drives or change volume labels, as well as defragment.

Compact - the command allows you to display and configure compression in the NTFS file system. This command can save a lot of disk space.
Format - formats a disk or floppy disk. Please note that formatting will completely delete all data on the media.
Chkdisk - checks and displays information about the media. The command will help you find out about the occupied space, the amount of space on bad sectors, and so on.
fsutil - Provides information about the file system and allows you to make changes to it.
Chkntfs - allows you to display and configure during Windows startup.
Convert - allows you to convert a volume from one file system to another. You cannot change the type of an active volume or disk.
Recover - command to recover data from damaged media. This process occurs by reading one sector after another. Reading occurs only from those sectors from which it is possible to read. Data located in physically damaged sectors will not be recovered. Most often, in this way, text documents are recovered from damaged floppy disks.
Diskpart - allows you to open disk information and make the required settings.
Vol - Provides information about the serial number of the hard drive.
Label - used to view and edit volume labels. Please note that the volume name can contain no more than 11 characters, and NTFS 32 characters.

Information commands

This type of command will help you get information about versions, configurations, and installed drivers:

ver - provides information about the system version using the CMD command, Windows 7 also supports this request;
driverquery - allows you to view information about installed drivers; The display can be in the form of a list, table or CSV;
systeminfo - Provides information about system configurations. Configurations can be viewed both locally and on the same command provides properties about service packs.

processes and applications

Commands for managing and changing operating system settings:

shutdown - the command is used to shut down, restart or put the computer into sleep mode. If the user has the necessary rights, it is possible to carry out settings remotely;
time - used to display and change the current time;
date - used to display and change the current date;
tasklist - provides the user with a list of processes currently running on a local or remote personal computer;
schtasks - allows you to create, configure or delete scheduled tasks in the operating system. In the graphical interface, the command is represented by the "Task Scheduler" program;
taskkill - is used to terminate the work of processes by means of identifiers or names of executable files. The tool started with Windows XP.

Commands to customize the command line

This group of commands refers directly to setting up CMD. Commands will help clear the screen, change its appearance, and so on:

Exit - allows you to close batch data or completely close the command line.
Color - provides the ability to change the background color or font in the command line window. The color is given by a hexadecimal digit. The most significant bit indicates brightness, and the subsequent bits indicate color. The default is white letters on a black background.
Title - allows you to change the title of the CMD.exe window.
CMD - allows you to launch a new Windows command line interpreter window. Usually the need for this command arises when you want to predefine the actual CMD settings.
Prompt - allows you to change the command line greeting. If you use the command without parameters, then the prompt text will look like: current drive, directory, and greater than symbol.

CMD network commands

For most users, the need for these requests is extremely rare, but professionals believe that these codes are very helpful when working with a computer:

getmac - the command provides information about the hardware addresses of network adapters. At the same time, you can find out both local and remote addresses;
netsh.exe - the command performs the opening of another line. With it, if necessary, you can configure the network. Many experienced users consider this program indispensable. To get help about commands, you need to write it with a question mark;
ipconfig - allows you to get information about protocol settings. Sometimes the command allows you to update the data in automatic mode. Older operating systems may not support this CMD command;
nbtstat - the main purpose of the command is to display NetBt information. in addition, names and contents are displayed;
netstat.exe - This command displays information about connections. The output data allows you to see all the information related to

It is worth remembering that, in addition to these network commands, there are some more that will help simplify the work of users. It should be remembered that these commands should be used only when there is confidence in the action being performed. Incorrect use of CMD commands can lead to serious problems in the operation of a personal computer.

List of useful commands

In addition to the above commands, there are still a huge number of others:

break - the command allows you to enable processing of the CTRL + C keys;
debug - launches a tool for debugging and other changes to software products;
devcon - the command launches a tool that is an alternative to the task manager;
exe2bin - the command converts exe applications to binary format;
hostname - provides the ability to get the name of the computer;
logoff - the command shuts down the Windows system.

All the above CMD commands will simplify the work with some software tools. The main thing is not to try to use requests for other than their intended purpose in order to avoid the loss of important information and other undesirable consequences.

Save yourself so you don't lose!

How to control a computer without a mouse? To do this, you can launch the Windows cmd command line using the win r key combination, and then type cmd in the console that appears and press Enter.

A command line window has opened. Through it, you can turn off your computer, create/delete folders, set a program startup schedule, make programs system, change file extensions, start and stop applications, and much more.

Thus, if you want a number of cmd commands to be executed automatically on the computer, you can write them down in notepad and save them with the extension. bat.

An example of a simple program:
@Echo off.
Color 0a.
Chcp 1251.
echo.
Restarting the computer.
pause.
Shutdown /r.

This program restarts the computer and requires you to press any key to do this. To stop the execution of the program, you just need to close the window that appears.

Similar bat files (batch files) are often used to write computer viruses, which, by the way, are not noticed by antivirus programs (in most cases. And for secrecy, they are transferred to the .exe format.

You can read more about cmd commands below (or you can just write Help on the command line.

A.
Append - Allows programs to open files in specified directories as if they were in the current directory.

arp - display and change tables for converting IP addresses into physical ones used by the address resolution protocol.

Assoc - display or change associations for file name extensions.

at - the command is designed to run programs at a specified time.

atmsdm - monitor connections and addresses registered by the ATM call manager on networks with asynchronous transfer mode (ATM.

Attrib - change the attributes of files and folders.

Auditusr - sets the user audit policy.

b.
Break - turn on the Ctrl C key processing mode.

Bootcfg - This command line program can be used to configure, extract, modify or remove command line options in the Boot file. ini.

C.
Cacls - view changes to ACL access control tables for files.

Call - calling one batch file from another.

cd - display the name or change the current folder.

Chcp - display or change the active code page.

Chdir - display or change the current folder.

Chkdsk - disk check and report output.

Chkntfs - Displays or modifies disk check options at boot time.

Ciddaemon is a file indexing service.

Cipher is a file encryption program.

cls - clear the interpreter screen.

cmd - launches a new command prompt window.

Cmstp - install connection manager profiles.

Color - sets the color for text and background in text boxes.

Comp - compare the contents of two files or sets of files.

Compact - View and change file compression settings on Ntfs partitions.

Convert - converting the file system of a FAT volume to Ntfs.

Copy - copy one or more files.

D.
Date - display or set the current date.

Debug is a tool for debugging and editing programs.

Defrag - disk defragmentation.

del - delete one or more files.

Devcon is an alternative to Device Manager.

Diantz is the same as Makecab.

dir - list files and subfolders from the specified directory.

Diskcomp - compare the contents of two floppy disks.

Diskcopy - copying the contents of one floppy disk to another.

Diskpart - using the Diskpart script.

Diskperf is a disk performance counter.

Doskey - editing and recalling Windows commands; creating Dokey macros.

Driverquery - View a list of installed device drivers and their properties.

E.
Echo - display messages and switch the mode of displaying commands on the screen.

Edit - start the MS - DOS editor.

Endlocal - end localization of environment changes in a batch file.

Edlin - launches a line-by-line text editor.

Erase - delete one or more files.

Esentutl is a maintenance utility for Microsoft(R) Windows databases.

Eventcreate - This command allows the administrator to create a special event entry in the specified event log.

Eventtriggers - This command allows the administrator to display and configure event triggers on the local or remote system.

Exe2bin - Convert EXE files to binary format.

Exit - end command line.

Expand - uncompress compressed files.

F.
fc - Compare two files or two sets of files and print the differences between them.

Find - search for a text string in one or more files.

Findstr - search for strings in files.

Finger - display information about users of the specified system.

Fltmc - work with driver load filter.

for - executes the specified command for each set file.

Forcedos is a mapping of MS - DOS applications that are not recognized by Microsoft Windows XP.

Format - disk formatting for working with Windows.

Fontview is a font viewer.

Fsutil - manage reparse points, manage sparse files, unmount a volume, or expand a volume.

ftp is a file transfer program.

Ftype - View and change file types associated with a file name extension.

G.
Getmac - Displays the MAC address of one or more network adapters on a computer.

Goto - Transfer control to the line containing the label in a batch file.

Gpresult - Displays the resulting policy (Rsop) for the specified user and computer.

Gpupdate - Perform group policy update.

Graftabl - selection of a code page for displaying symbols of national alphabets in graphics mode.

H.
Help - displays no full list commands that are used in cmd.

Hostname - displays the name of the computer.

I.
if is an operator to conditionally execute commands in a batch file.

ipconfig - Display subnet mask, default gateway and information about your IP.

Ipxroute is the Nwlink IPX routing manager.

L.
Label - create, modify and delete volume labels for a disk.

Lodctr - update counter names and explanatory text for extended counter.

Logman - Schedule management for performance counters and event tracing log.

Logoff - end Windows session.

lpq - display the queue status of the remote print queue lpq.

lpr - Sends a print job to a network printer.

Lsass is a local security definition server.

M.
Makecab - archiving files in cab - archive.

md - create a folder.

mem - displays information about used and free memory.

Mkdir - create a folder with extended functionality.

mmc - open an MMC console window.

Mode - debug system devices.

Mofcomp - 32-bit Microsoft (R) MOF compiler.

More - sequential output of data in parts of one screen.

Mountvol - View, create and remove volume mount points.

Move - move and rename files and directories.

Mqbkup is a utility for archiving and restoring a message queue.

Mqsvc - provides the infrastructure for running distributed applications.

msg - send messages to the user.

Msiexec - Runs the Windows Installer.

N.
Nbtstat - Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (Netbios over TCP/IP.

net - a package of applications designed to work with the network.

Net1 is the same as net.

Netsh - local or remote display and change of network settings.

Netstat - display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.

Nslookup - information output intended for DNS diagnostics.

Ntbackup - launch the archiving wizard.

Ntsd is a command line debugger.

Oh
Odbcconf - Odbc driver configuration.

Openfiles - this command allows the user to list open files and folders that were open on the system.

P.
Pagefileconfig - configuration of paging files and virtual memory.

Path - display or set the search path for executable files.

Pathping - displaying information about hidden networks and data loss.

Pause - pauses the execution of the cmd script.

Pentnt - Detects Pentium processor floating point division errors, disables hardware floating point processing, and enables floating point emulation.

Perfmon - opens the "Performance" window.

Ping - Tests the connection to another computer.

Ping6 - ping command.

Popd - Changes one folder to the one saved by the Pushd command.

Powercfg - This command allows you to manage the power supply of the system.

Print - print a text file.

Prncnfg - configuring printer settings.

Prompt - Change command line prompt cmd. exe.

Proxycfg - Proxy connection configuration tool.

Pushd - Save current directory values for use by the Popd command.

Q.
Qappsrv - Displays available terminal servers on the network.

Qprocess - displays information about processes.

Qwinsta - display information about terminal sessions.

R.
Rasdial is a command line communication interface for the remote access service client.

rcp - exchange files with the computer running the RCP service.

Recover - recovery of saved data on a damaged disk.

reg - editing the system registry through the command line.

Regsvr32 - registration server.

relog - creates new magazine performance from what you already have.

rem - put a comment in a batch file.

ren - rename files and folders.

Rename - rename files and folders.

Replace - replacement of files.

Reset - terminal services reset utility.

Rexec - execution of commands on remote hosts running the Rexec service.

rd - delete folder.

Rmdir - delete a folder.

Route - processing of network route tables.

rsh - execute commands on remote hosts running the RSH service.

rsm - Manage media resources using the Removable Storage service.

Runas - use applications on behalf of another user.

Rundll32 - run standard commands - functions embedded in dll.

Rwinsta - reset the values of subsystems of equipment and programs of the session to the initial state.

S.
sc - Establish communication with the NT Service Controller and its services.

Schtasks - Create, delete, modify and poll scheduled tasks on the local or remote system.

sdbinst is a compatibility database installer.

Secedit - automate security configuration tasks.

set - output, assignment and deletion of variables on the command line.

Setlocal - start localizing environment changes in a batch file.

Setver - sets the version number that MS - DOS reports to the program.

sfc - Windows File Checker.

Shadow - Allows you to monitor another Terminal Services session.

Shift - change the contents of the inline parameters for the batch file.

Shutdown - end the session, shutdown and restart the Windows system.

Smbinst is a process owned by System Management Bios Driver Installer.

Sort - sorting files.
Start - launch a program or command in a separate window.

Subst - Map the drive name to the specified path.

Systeminfo - displays information about system settings.

T.
Taskkill - End one or more processes.

Tasklist - shows running programs and processes currently running.

Tcmsetup - telephony client installation.

Tftp - exchange files with a remote computer running the Tftp service.

Time - view or change the current time.

Title - assignment of the title of the interpreter window.

Tlntadmn - remote computer control.

Tracert - trace the route to the specified node.

Tracerpt - Handles event tracking log binaries or data streams.

Tracert6 - version of Tracert for the Ipv6 protocol.

Tree - displays the structure of a disk or directory as a tree.

tscon - Attaches a user session to a terminal session.

tsdiscon - Disconnect a terminal session.

tskill - Terminate a process.

tsshutdn - Shutdown the server in due course.

Type - displaying the contents of text files on the screen. Typeperf - Prints performance information to the screen or log. U Unlodctr - remove counter names and explanatory text for extended counter. Userinit is a Windows system explorer. V ver - display information about Windows versions. Verify - setting the mode for checking the correctness of writing files to disk. vol - display the label and serial number of the volume for the disk. Vssadmin is a volume shadow copy command line tool. W W32tm - time service diagnostics. Wbemtest is a Windows management instrumentation tester. Winver - displays information about the version of Windows. Wmic is a scripting tool. X Xcopy - copy files and folder tree.

In order to start working with the command line on Windows, you must first find it. In Windows 7 and Windows 10, this can be done in several popular ways.

Method 1. Press the key combination on the keyboard "Win" "R"

and in the Run window we write the command cmd

After that, the Windows command prompt will be launched.

Method 2. At the start, write the command CMD or "command line" and select the program icon.

If you need to run as administrator, right-click on the cmd file and select "Run as administrator".

These CMD file commands can be useful for many personal computer users:

del - command used to delete. Can be used to delete one or more files. In addition, it is possible to delete read-only files;
edit - the command launches a text editor;
ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
move - used to move and rename a file;
copy con - allows you to create a new file;
fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearing characters that give information about the status of the comparison;
type - applicable for text documents. The execution of the command is to display the contents of the file on the screen;
copy - allows you to copy as well as merge files.

command line command. List of all existing Windows command line commands:

ASSOC Print to screen or modify file name extension mappings.
ATTRIB View and modify file properties.
BREAK Disables or disables extended CTRL+C processing on a DOS system.
BCDEDIT Sets properties in the boot database that allow you to control booting.
CACLS Displays data and modifies file access control lists (ACLs).
CALL Calls one batch file from another and can also pass input arguments.
CD Displays the title or moves to another folder.
CHCP Output or set encoding.
CHDIR Displays the name or moves to another folder.
CHKDSK Diagnose the drive for errors.
CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the drive's diagnostics at boot time.
CLSO clears the display of all characters.
CMD Starts a Windows command line program. You can run an infinite number of them on one computer. They will work independently of each other.
COLOR Changes and sets the main background of the window and the fonts themselves.
COMP Shows differences and compares the contents of two files.
COMPACT Changes and displays file compression in NTFS.
CONVERT Converts FAT disk volumes to NTFS. The current drive cannot be changed.
COPY Creates a copy of a file or files and places them in the specified location.
DATE Shows or sets the current date.
DEL Destroys one or more files at once.
DIR Shows the names of files and folders with their creation date, located in the current folder or specified in the folder options.
DISKCOMP Compares and shows the differences between 2 floppy drives.
DISKCOPY Creates a copy of the contents of one floppy drive to another.
DISKPART Shows and changes the properties of a disk partition.
DOSKEY Modifies and re-invokes command lines; creates macros.
DRIVERQUERY Displays information about the "state of affairs" and attributes of the device driver.
ECHO Displays text information and changes the display mode of commands on the screen.
ENDLOCAL Ends environment localization for a batch file.
ERASE Destroys a file or files.
EXIT Terminates the command line program.
FC Shows the differences between two files or two sets of files and compares them
FIND Searches for a text string in files or in a single file.
FINDSTR Advanced search for text strings in files.
FOR cycle. Repeats the execution of the same command the specified number of times
FORMAT Format the drive for Windows.
FSUTIL Displays and sets file system attributes.
FTYPE Gives you the ability to change and view file types, which are primarily used for file name extension matching.
GOTO Transfers control to another specified command.
GPRESULT Displays group policy information for a computer or user.
GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display the extended character set in graphics mode.
HELP Displays all information about existing Windows commands.
ICACLS Displays, modifies, archives, or restores ACLs for files and folders.
IF Executes commands based on a given condition.
LABEL Creates, modifies, and destroys volume labels for drives.
MD Creates an empty directory.
MKDIR Creates an empty directory.
MKLINK Creates symbolic and hard links
MODE Sets system devices.
MORE Sequentially displays information in blocks of one screen.
MOVE Moves files from one location to another.
OPENFILES Shows the files that are open on the shared folder by the remote user.
PATH Displays or sets the full path to executable files.
PAUSE Stops the execution of command line commands and prints informative text.
POPD Restores the previous active folder value that was saved with the PUSHD command.
PRINT Prints the contents of a text file.
PROMPT Modifies the prompt on the Windows command line.
PUSHD Saves the value of the active folder and moves to another folder.
RD Destroys a directory.
RECOVER Recovers readable data from a bad or damaged hard drive.
REM Places comments in batch files and the CONFIG.SYS file.
REN Changes the name of both files and folders.
RENAME Similar to the REN command.
REPLACE Swaps files in places.
RMDIR Destroys a directory.
ROBOCOPY Advanced tool for copying files and entire folders
SET Displays, sets, and clears Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL Localizes environment changes in a batch file.
SC Allows you to work with services
SCHTASKS Allows you to run any programs and sequentially execute the necessary commands according to a given plan
SHIFT Changes the position (shift) of the inline parameters for the batch file.
SHUTDOWN Shuts down the computer.
SORT Sorts the input according to the given parameters.
START Starts a program or command in a new window.
SUBST Assign the drive name to the specified path.
SYSTEMINFO Displays information about the operating system and configuration of the computer.
TASKLIST Shows a list of all running processes with their IDs.
TASKKILL "Kills" or stops the process.
TIME Sets and displays the system time.
TITLE Sets the title of the window for the current session of the CMD.EXE command line interpreter
TREE Displays drive directories in a convenient visual form.
TYPE Displays the contents of text files.
VER Displays summary information about the version of Windows.
VERIFY Checks for file write errors on the drive.
VOL Displays the labels and serial number of the drive's volume.
XCOPY Creates a copy of files.
WMIC Displays WMI on the command line.

Video Windows Command Prompt (CMD).Part 1

Let's look at all the options:

Run cmd as administrator with the Win + X keyboard shortcut;
Calling the command line through the Windows 10 search;
Opening a windows 10 command prompt shortcut with administrator rights;
Command line execution through Windows Tools;
Calling the Windows 10 command line through the "Task Manager";
Opening cmd from explorer.

Run cmd as administrator with Win+X keyboard shortcut

Press the key combination Win + X, select "Command Prompt (Administrator)".

Calling the command line through Windows 10 search

To call the command line, hover the mouse over the search button, enter "CMD", press the right mouse button - "Run as administrator".

Opening windows 10 command prompt shortcut with admin rights

We create a shortcut on the desktop, according to the methods described in the article about the usual launch of the command line in Windows 10. Next, press the right mouse button and select "Run as administrator".

Command Line Execution via Utilities-Windows

To execute the command line, open the Start menu - Windows Tools - Command Prompt, then right-click "Advanced" - "Run as administrator".

Calling the Windows 10 command line through the "Task Manager"

To call the command line in the "Task Manager", open the "File" tab, the item "Run a new task", in the window that opens, enter "CMD", check the box "Create a task with administrator rights" and click the "Ok" button.

Opening cmd from windows explorer

The advantage of this method is that the path in the opened "cmd" window will correspond to the path to the folder. Opening the command line from the explorer menu: "File" - "Open command line" - "Open command line as Administrator".

The command line, or console, is a special tool for deep tuning the Windows 8 operating system. This utility is designed to work with MsDos commands. The lack of a graphical interface often frightens users, but with the help of this program, you can quickly perform any operation on the system. Some actions (for example, ping checking or tracing) cannot be done in any other way at all. This article details how to call the console, and also describes the basics of working with it.

Run Dialog Box

The simplest and fast way open a command line - using the "Run" dialog. This is another text-based utility that is designed to quickly launch programs in Windows by entering their names. There is nothing complicated in working with the dialogue, just follow the instructions presented:

Simultaneously press the "Win" and "R" buttons on your keyboard. With this key combination, you can quickly call up the "Run" dialog.
In the text field of the window that opens, you must enter the command "cmd" without quotes.
Press Enter or the OK button to confirm the command and open the console.

If you are using version 8.1 operating system, at the bottom of the screen you will have a start menu button, as in the "seventh" part. This menu contains a search bar, the functions of which are similar to the above dialog. Use it if hotkeys seem inconvenient to you.

Open as administrator

Some actions that may affect the operation of the operating system can only be performed with Windows administrator rights. To do this, you need to open the console in another way:

Basics of work

All actions in the console are carried out using text commands. To find out their list and get help, type "Help" and press Enter. The utility will show you a list of the various options that are available to the user. If you want more information about any of them, type " help commandname ".

cmd windows command line. The need to use the command line

The cmd line, which is a standard tool of the Windows platform, is no different in different versions of operating systems - in the seventh, and in the eighth, and in the tenth, and even in XP. And all teams work the same in each of them.

The advantage of using a line is to speed up the work - sometimes typing the desired command is much faster than searching the system folders for the corresponding file. Moreover, to speed up work with CMD, a link to it can be displayed on the desktop - or even on the quick launch bar.

The disadvantages of the interface can be called:

manual command input from the keyboard;
the need to run CMD as an administrator (otherwise, most commands do not run);
quite a large list of commands that are difficult to remember.

Externally, the command line in many ways resembles the interface of the DOS system. And, although it allows you to solve many more tasks, some commands overlap with the legacy platform. For example, "format", "cd" and "dir", which are necessary for working with folders and disks.

Using Windows CMD commands, you can launch system utilities much faster than doing it in the usual way. And, although not everyone understands the meaning of this text-based interface, considering it outdated, in fact, the tool is quite useful.

And not only for professionals, but also for ordinary users. Although, to run most commands, you should run the command line (cmd) as an administrator.

The need to use the command line

The disadvantages of the interface can be called:

manual command input from the keyboard;
the need to run CMD as an administrator (otherwise, most commands do not run);
quite a large list of commands that are difficult to remember.

Working with the interface

Before you start working with the command line, you must first start it. To do this, you can use several methods:

Open the "Run" menu (by pressing Win + R at the same time) and enter the command cmd.exe;
Go to the Windows folder on the system drive, open the System32 directory and run the file called cmd.exe. You can simplify the task by creating a shortcut that launches the same application and install it on the desktop;
Open the "Start" menu, go to the "All Programs" section, then to the "Accessories" subsection and find the command prompt.

Things to know: After the first launch through the Start menu, CMD appears at the top of it - in the list of most frequently launched applications and utilities. And you can open the line while working in any application (even in the game), just by pressing the Win button on the keyboard.

Rice. 1. Command line of the Windows operating system.

The standard form of the command line is black window with white text. If this option does not suit the user, he can change the colors depending on his preferences.

To do this, right-click on the top of the window and go to the properties of CMD. In the window that opens, you can choose the location of the line, and the colors of the text or window, and even the font sizes. Here it is also possible to expand the interface to almost the entire screen, increasing the level of convenience of working with it.

Rice. 2. Change command line settings

Commands to help you work with CMD

Keyboard shortcuts help make using the command line even easier - although they are not the same as the usual Windows shortcuts. Instead of pressing standard sets Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V, copying and pasting text is done as follows:

Click on the selected line in the open CMD window with the right mouse button;
Select "Mark";
Select text with the left button;
Right click again. After that, all information is in the operating system clipboard.

In order to paste the copied information, press the same right button and select the "Paste" item. You can simplify the copying of data by checking the box "Select by mouse" in the properties of the command line.

After that, the text can be immediately selected with the left button. If you uncheck the quick insert item, the data is inserted over the already written commands.

Hotkey List

When working with the command line, use the following "hot keys":

up and down arrows allow you to move the cursor around the window, including already entered commands;
Home and End move the cursor to the beginning and end of the line, respectively;
the left and right arrows together with the Ctrl key pressed simultaneously allow you to move the cursor in a given direction by a whole word;
Insert, as well as in any text editor, switches the modes of inserting text with a shift to the right and overwriting over the written data;
Esc deletes the selected information;
F1 provides the input of the last recorded command one character at a time;
F5 prints the previous command;
F7 lists the last few entries. By default, their number is 50.

Basic commands

The list of basic commands that most users need is relatively small and consists of commands that perform the following actions:

work with directories;
issue statistics on the operation of various applications, the network and the operating system as a whole;
restore drivers;
turn off the computer.

Using the command line, you can even format the drive (including the system drive, which is not formatted from the Windows system by any other means) and even stop the process. And yet, using CMD, the user gets much faster access to the registry editor and the window for changing the system configuration.

Working with directories

The main command for working with directories is dir. With its help, you can check the contents of an open directory. And, if you want to open another folder, you should additionally specify the path to it. For example, select "dir C:\" or "dir D:\".

Rice. 3. Checking the contents of logical drive C.

The second command for working with directories is cd. With its help, you can go to any selected folder. For example, by writing "cd C:\Windows" on the command line, go to the system directory. To open a folder on a drive that is already selected, issue a command like "cd /D D:\".

Rice. 4. Transition from local disk C to D drive.

The mkdir command creates a new folder. And the parameter that is set after it determines the name of the directory. So, after entering "mkdir D:\New_Folder", the corresponding directory appears on drive D. If the user specifies several directories in the list at once (for example, "E:\New\Games\Fallout_3"), an entire folder tree can be created.

Rice. 5. Create a new folder from the command line.

Executing the rmdir command allows you to remove a directory by specifying the full path to it. For example, by writing "rmdir D:\New_Folder" you can delete the newly created folder. Although, if there are other files inside the directory, a message appears on the screen stating that it is not empty. You can delete a non-empty folder by typing rmdir /S in the command line. Before deleting, select the item "Y" (Yes), confirming your action.

Rice. 6. Deleting a folder using the rmdir command.

Turning off the computer

Using the shutdown command, you can turn off the computer - moreover, either immediately, or by setting a timer:

shutdown /s simply terminates the operating system, closing all pending processes;
when you select the shutdown /s /t 3600 command, the timer will be set to exactly one hour. If you want to set any other time, instead of 3600, the corresponding number of seconds is written;

Rice. 7. Enable automatic shutdown of the system.

to cancel an already set timer, enter the shutdown /a command.

Rice. 8. Cancel shutdown.

The commands work the same on any operating system. The only difference is in the labels that appear. So, for example, for Windows 7 messages are located in the lower right corner of the desktop.

View statistics

Viewing computer statistics begins with the systeminfo command. It gives the maximum amount of information about the Windows system. Although, to obtain information, it is more efficient to use not a system utility, but special applications.

For example, AIDA64 is a general-purpose data-gathering program whose only drawback is a shareware license. A month after use, you will have to pay for the utility - from 1400 to 2200 rubles. per computer, depending on the number of purchased licenses.

Rice. 9. Obtaining information about the computer and operating system.

The driverquery utility allows you to get acquainted with the list of drivers and their properties. In the list that appears on the screen, you can see the type of control program, the date of reference and the name of the module.

Rice. 10. Displaying a list of drivers.

A utility called pathping, when run, shows information about the data lost in transit between the start and end points. This command calculates the loss factors for various routers. And according to the results of the work, the utilities determine access problems for individual routers.

Rice. 11. A utility that checks network operation.

The Netstat application shows information about active connections and statistics for various network protocols. If you run the command without specifying specific parameters, only TCP connections are displayed.

Rice. 12. Check for active TCP connections.

The tasklist command displays a list of all processes running on the system. With its help, you can get acquainted with the data received from a remote computer. Although, if additional parameters are not specified, information is displayed only about the current device.

The ipconfig utility displays information about the IP address and other network adapter settings. Additional options are used along with the command, such as /all, which allows you to get information about each of the adapters.

Rice. 13. Getting information about network connections.

Changing system settings

The msconfig utility allows you to call up a menu with which you can change the configuration of the operating system:

a list of programs automatically loaded with the system;
launch options;
Windows boot options.

Most often, the command is used to remove or add an application to the startup tab. And sometimes they make changes to the boot order of operating systems - if two of them are installed on the computer (for example, Windows 10 and Windows XP, each of which may be more convenient for a particular user).

Rice. 14. Call the menu for changing the system configuration.

Running the regedit utility allows you to open the registry editor - one of the most useful applications, with the help of which they get rid of the remnants of remote programs, make changes to the operation of services and fix problems. It is worth noting that changing any values (not to mention deleting) is required very carefully. Errors in the registry can lead to system crashes and even reinstallation. Read also our material: TOP 3 programs for cleaning the Windows 7 registry.

Rice. 16. Start checking files on the system drive.

The format command, which has not changed for decades, allows you to format any disk, including USB flash drives. Selecting "format C:" formats the system partition. And with additional options, you can define a file system (/fs), set a volume label (/y), and even assign cluster sizes (/a). Without setting certain conditions, the cluster is installed automatically.

Rice. 17. Formatting disk H through the command line.

Stopping processes

The command can be used to stop a specific process. For this, an identifier can be used (for example, 2616, if we are talking about the graphical editor Paint) and the /pid parameter. In addition, when stopping, the name of the process itself and another /im parameter can be used. The same editor is closed with the taskkill /im MSPaint.exe command.

Rice. 19. A utility that restores damaged system files.

Screen cleaning

After executing a few commands, the window is filled with text, which can be a hindrance to further work. You can get rid of unnecessary data using the CLS (Clear Screen) command. After its launch, the screen is completely cleared, leaving room for further user actions.

conclusions

With the constant use of basic commands, they are easily remembered by the user. And in order to learn about new utilities or remember the names of old ones, you need to enter /help on the command line. A list of possible commands will appear on the screen, which are unlikely to be useful for the average user, but can simplify the work of local network administrators.

Why is there such chaos in the world? Yes, because the administrator of our system forgot about his duties. Or just lost the list of cmd commands from our world. Although this is a somewhat original look at the existing order of things, it nevertheless reflects part of the truth we need: using the command line, you can easily clean up your computer:

What is command line

The command line is the simplest tool for managing a computer's operating system. Management takes place using a number of reserved commands and a set of characters of the text keyboard without the participation of the mouse ( in Windows operating system).

On UNIX-based systems, you can use the mouse when working with the command line.

Some of the commands came to us from MS-DOS. The command line is also called the console. It is used not only to administer the operating system, but also to manage regular programs. Most often, the most rarely used commands are included in such a set of commands.

The advantage of using basic cmd commands is that it consumes a minimum amount of system resources. And this is important when emergencies when all the power of the computer, one way or another, is involved.

cmd implements the ability to execute and create entire batch files, which are a specific order in which a number of commands (scripts) are executed. Because of this, they can be used to automate certain tasks ( account management, data archiving and more).

The Windows command shell for manipulating and redirecting commands to certain operating system utilities and tools is the Cmd.exe interpreter. It loads the console and redirects commands in a format that the system can understand.

Working with the command line in the Windows operating system

You can call the console in Windows in several ways:

Both methods involve launching the console as the current user. That is, with all the rights and restrictions that are imposed on its role in the operating system. To run cmd with administrator rights, you need to select the program icon in the Start menu and select the appropriate item in the context menu:

After running the utility, you can get help information about commands and their format in the console. To do this, enter the help statement and press " Enter":

Basic commands for working with files and directories

The most commonly used commands are:

RENAME - rename directories and files. Command syntax:

RENAME | REN [drive/path] original file/directory name | end filename
Example: RENAME C:UsershomeDesktoptost.txt test.txt

DEL (ERASE) - used to delete only files, not directories. Its syntax is:

DEL | ERASE [processing method] [filename]
Example: Del C:UsershomeDesktoptest.txt/P

The processing method is a special flag that allows you to implement a certain condition when deleting a file. In our example, the "P" flag enables the display of a permission dialog for deleting each file:

For more information about the possible values of the "processing method" parameter, see the technical documentation for the Windows operating system.

MD - allows you to create a folder at the specified path. Syntax:

MD [drive:] [path]
Example:
MD C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2

The example will create a subfolder test2 in the folder test1 . If one of the root folders of the path does not exist, then it will also be created:

R.D. ( RMDIR) - delete a specific folder or all directories in the specified path. Syntax:

RD | RMDIR [process_key] [drive/path]
Example:
rmdir /s C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2

The example uses the s flag, which will cause the entire branch of the directories specified in the path to be deleted. Therefore, you should not unnecessarily use the rmdir command with this processing switch.

In the next section, we'll take a closer look at cmd network commands.

Network Commands

The command line allows you to manage not only the PC file system, but also its network capabilities. The console network commands include a large number of operators to monitor and test the network. The most relevant of them are:

ping - the command is used to monitor the network connectivity of a PC. A set number of packets are sent to the remote computer and then sent back to them. Packet transmission time and loss percentage are taken into account. Syntax:

ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v type] [-r count] [-s count] [(-j hostlist | - k hostlist)] [-w interval] [target_PC_name]

Command implementation example:
ping example.microsoft.com
ping -w 10000 192.168.239.132

In the last example of the cmd ping command, the request is sent to the destination with the specified IP address. The interval between packets is 10,000 (10 sec). By default, this parameter is set to 4000:

tracert - used to determine the network path to the specified resource by sending a special echo message through the protocol
ICMP (Control Message Protocol). After running the command with parameters, a list of all routers through which the message path passes is displayed. The first element in the list is the first router on the side of the requested resource.

The tracer syntax of the cmd command is:
tracert [-d] [-h max_hops] [-j host_list] [-w interval] [target_resource_name]
Implementation example:
tracert -d -h 10 microsoft.com

The example traces a route to the specified resource. This increases the speed of the operation due to the use of the d parameter, which prevents the command from trying to get permission to read IP addresses. The number of transitions (jumps) is limited to 10 with the help of the set value of parameter h. By default, the number of jumps is 30:

shutdown [(-l|-s|-r|-a)] [-f] [-m [\PCName]] [-t xx] [-c "messages"] [-d[u][p]: xx:yy]
Example:
shutdown /s /t 60 /f /l /m \191.162.1.53

There will be a shutdown (s) of the remote PC (m) with the specified IP address (191.162.1.53) after 60 seconds (t). This will force you to log out of all applications ( f ) and the current user session ( l ).

A few more commands

When working with a PC, a few more commands from the huge list of cmd operators may come in handy. Here is some of them:

format – performs formatting of the CD in the drive whose name is specified in the parameters. Command syntax:

format volume

When writing the syntax of a command, optional parameters are highlighted in square brackets.

This is confirmed by the following command example:
format e : - the media in drive E will be formatted;

set - used to work with environment variables. This cmd command allows you to create, delete, and assign a value to variables that can be used while working with the command line. Syntax:

set [] ] string]
Example.